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Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are presented in the table below:
(in Millions)Total
Balance, December 31, 2021$1,463.3 
Acquisitions (See Note 5)
130.7 
Foreign currency and other adjustments
(19.9)
Balance, September 30, 2022$1,574.1 

We perform our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment tests at least annually. Our fiscal year 2022 annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test was performed during the three months ended September 30, 2022. We determined no goodwill impairment existed and that the fair value was substantially in excess of the carrying value. Additionally, no indefinite-lived asset impairment existed and the estimated fair values also exceeded the carrying value for each of our indefinite-lived intangible assets.
Our intangible assets, other than goodwill, consist of the following:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in Millions)GrossAccumulated AmortizationNetGrossAccumulated AmortizationNet
Intangible assets subject to amortization (finite-lived)
Customer relationships$1,103.2 $(328.0)$775.2 $1,147.1 $(301.3)$845.8 
Patents1.7 (1.3)0.4 1.8 (1.3)0.5 
Brands (1)
14.7 (9.4)5.3 17.1 (9.9)7.2 
Purchased and licensed technologies121.0 (41.4)79.6 60.2 (40.7)19.5 
Other intangibles1.8 (1.7)0.1 2.3 (1.7)0.6 
$1,242.4 $(381.8)$860.6 $1,228.5 $(354.9)$873.6 
Intangible assets not subject to amortization (indefinite-lived)
Crop Protection Brands (2)
$1,259.1 $1,259.1 $1,259.1 $1,259.1 
Brands (1)
342.9 342.9 389.2 389.2 
In-process research & development10.1 10.1 — — 
$1,612.1 $1,612.1 $1,648.3 $1,648.3 
Total intangible assets$2,854.5 $(381.8)$2,472.7 $2,876.8 $(354.9)$2,521.9 
____________________ 
(1)    Represents trademarks, trade names and know-how.
(2)    Represents proprietary brand portfolios, consisting of trademarks, trade names and know-how, of our crop protection brands.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in Millions)2022202120222021
Amortization expense$15.0 $15.7 $45.7 $47.2 

The full year estimated pre-tax amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 and each of the succeeding five years is approximately $58 million, $56 million, $56 million, $60 million, $62 million, and $62 million, respectively.