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Loans
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Loans [Abstract]  
Loans

Note 4Loans

The following table provides the balance of loans by portfolio segment as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
  March 31December 31
(Dollars in thousands)   2017  2016
Commercial:    
Commercial, financial, and industrial  $11,703,996  $12,148,087
Commercial real estate  2,173,311  2,135,523
Consumer:    
Consumer real estate (a)4,456,811  4,523,752
Permanent mortgage409,235  423,125
Credit card & other346,721  359,033
Loans, net of unearned income$19,090,074  $19,589,520
Allowance for loan losses201,968  202,068
Total net loans  $18,888,106  $19,387,452

Balances as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, include $32.5 million and $35.9 million of restricted real estate loans, respectively. See Note 13 - Variable Interest Entities for additional information.

COMPONENTS OF THE LOAN PORTFOLIO

The loan portfolio is disaggregated into segments and then further disaggregated into classes for certain disclosures. GAAP defines a portfolio segment as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. A class is generally determined based on the initial measurement attribute (i.e., amortized cost or purchased credit-impaired), risk characteristics of the loan, and FHN’s method for monitoring and assessing credit risk. Commercial loan portfolio segments include commercial, financial and industrial ("C&I") and commercial real estate ("CRE"). Commercial classes within C&I include general C&I, loans to mortgage companies, the trust preferred loans ("TRUPS") (i.e. long-term unsecured loans to bank and insurance - related businesses) portfolio and purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans. Loans to mortgage companies include commercial lines of credit to qualified mortgage companies primarily for the temporary warehousing of eligible mortgage loans prior to the borrower’s sale of those mortgage loans to third party investors. Commercial classes within CRE include income CRE, residential CRE and PCI loans. Consumer loan portfolio segments include consumer real estate, permanent mortgage, and the credit card and other portfolio. Consumer classes include home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”), real estate ("R/E") installment and PCI loans within the consumer real estate segment, permanent mortgage (which is both a segment and a class), and credit card and other.

Concentrations

FHN has a concentration of residential real estate loans (25 percent of total loans), the majority of which is in the consumer real estate segment (23 percent of total loans). Loans to finance and insurance companies total $2.6 billion (22 percent of the C&I portfolio, or 13 percent of the total loans). FHN had loans to mortgage companies totaling $1.5 billion (13 percent of the C&I segment, or 8 percent of total loans) as of March 31, 2017. As a result, 35 percent of the C&I segment is sensitive to impacts on the financial services industry.

Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans

The following table presents a rollforward of the accretable yield for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
Three Months Ended
March 31
(Dollars in thousands)20172016
Balance, beginning of period$6,871$8,542
Accretion(851)(1,151)
Adjustment for payoffs(273)(1,777)
Adjustment for charge-offs-(663)
Adjustment for pool excess recovery (a)(222)-
Increase/(decrease) in accretable yield (b)(295)4,007
Other(32)-
Balance, end of period$5,198$8,958

  • Represents the removal of accretable difference for the remaining loans in a pool which is now in a recovery state.
  • Includes changes in the accretable yield due to both transfers from the nonaccretable difference and the impact of changes in the expected timing of the cash flows.

At March 31, 2017, the ALLL related to PCI loans was $.6 million compared to $.7 million at December 31, 2016. The loan loss provision amounts related to PCI loans recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2017, and 2016, respectively, were not significant.

The following table reflects the outstanding principal balance and carrying amounts of the acquired PCI loans as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
March 31, 2017December 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)Carrying valueUnpaid balanceCarrying valueUnpaid balance
Commercial, financial and industrial $38,088$39,257$40,368$41,608
Commercial real estate 4,0965,4664,7636,514
Consumer real estate 1,0721,4421,1721,677
Credit card and other 53645264
Total $43,309$46,229$46,355$49,863

Impaired Loans

The following tables provide information at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, by class related to individually impaired loans and consumer TDRs, regardless of accrual status. Recorded investment is defined as the amount of the investment in a loan, before valuation allowance but which does reflect any direct write-down of the investment. For purposes of this disclosure, PCI loans and the TRUPs valuation allowance have been excluded.
Three Months Ended March 31
March 31, 2017
20172016
  Unpaid  AverageInterestAverageInterest
RecordedPrincipalRelatedRecordedIncomeRecordedIncome
(Dollars in thousands)InvestmentBalanceAllowanceInvestmentRecognizedInvestmentRecognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded:      
Commercial:      
General C&I$10,395  $16,612  $-$10,407  $-$9,224  $-
Income CRE-  -  --  -2,468  -
Total$10,395  $16,612  $-$10,407  $-$11,692  $-
Consumer:        
HELOC (a)$10,724  $22,020  $-$11,054  $-$10,921  $-
R/E installment loans (a)3,916  4,987  -3,937  -4,434  -
Permanent mortgage (a)5,803  8,607  -5,557  -4,436  -
Total$20,443  $35,614  $-$20,548  $-$19,791  $-
Impaired loans with related allowance recorded:        
Commercial:        
General C&I$31,392  $31,532  $2,850$32,863  $215$24,921  $87
TRUPS3,183  3,700  9253,196  -3,323  -
Income CRE1,803  2,181  611,817  145,138  20
Residential CRE1,293  1,761  1311,293  51,397  6
Total$37,671  $39,174  $3,967$39,169  $234$34,779  $113
Consumer:        
HELOC$81,438  $83,888  $16,641$83,075  $564$88,580  $487
R/E installment loans50,394  51,317  12,06051,902  31859,971  317
Permanent mortgage82,940  94,755  11,53285,778  61595,232  547
Credit card & other269  269  122288  2360  3
Total$215,041  $230,229  $40,355$221,043  $1,499$244,143  $1,354
Total commercial$48,066  $55,786  $3,967$49,576  $234$46,471  $113
Total consumer$235,484  $265,843  $40,355$241,591  $1,499$263,934  $1,354
Total impaired loans$283,550  $321,629  $44,322$291,167  $1,733$310,405  $1,467

All discharged bankruptcy loans are charged down to an estimate of net realizable value and do not carry any allowance.

December 31, 2016
  Unpaid  Average  Interest
RecordedPrincipalRelatedRecordedIncome
(Dollars in thousands)InvestmentBalanceAllowanceInvestmentRecognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded:          
Commercial:      
General C&I$10,419  $16,636  $-$12,009  $-
Income CRE-  -  -1,543  -
Total$10,419  $16,636  $-$13,552  $-
Consumer:      
HELOC (a)$11,383  $21,662  $-$11,168  $-
R/E installment loans (a)3,957  4,992  -4,255  -
Permanent mortgage (a)5,311  7,899  -4,418  -
Total$20,651  $34,553  $-$19,841  $-
Impaired loans with related allowance recorded:      
Commercial:      
General C&I$34,334  $34,470  $3,294$30,836  $902
TRUPS3,209  3,700  9253,274  -
Income CRE1,831  2,209  623,757  70
Residential CRE1,293  1,761  1321,360  22
Total$40,667  $42,140  $4,413$39,227  $994
Consumer:      
HELOC$84,711  $87,126  $15,927$87,659  $2,092
R/E installment loans53,409  54,559  12,87557,906  1,370
Permanent mortgage88,615  100,983  12,47091,838  2,310
Credit card & other306  306  133345  13
Total$227,041  $242,974  $41,405$237,748  $5,785
Total commercial$51,086  $58,776  $4,413$52,779  $994
Total consumer$247,692  $277,527  $41,405$257,589  $5,785
Total impaired loans$298,778  $336,303  $45,818$310,368  $6,779

All discharged bankruptcy loans are charged down to an estimate of net realizable value and do not carry any allowance.

Asset Quality Indicators

FHN employs a dual grade commercial risk grading methodology to assign an estimate for the probability of default ("PD") and the loss given default ("LGD") for each commercial loan using factors specific to various industry, portfolio, or product segments that result in a rank ordering of risk and the assignment of grades PD 1 to PD 16. This credit grading system is intended to identify and measure the credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the migration of loans between grading categories. It is also integral to the estimation methodology utilized in determining the allowance for loan losses since an allowance is established for pools of commercial loans based on the credit grade assigned. Each PD grade corresponds to an estimated one-year default probability percentage; a PD 1 has the lowest expected default probability, and probabilities increase as grades progress down the scale. PD 1 through PD 12 are “pass” grades. PD grades 13-16 correspond to the regulatory-defined categories of special mention (13), substandard (14), doubtful (15), and loss (16). Pass loan grades are required to be reassessed annually or earlier whenever there has been a material change in the financial condition of the borrower or risk characteristics of the relationship. All commercial loans over $1 million and certain commercial loans over $500,000 that are graded 13 or worse are reassessed on a quarterly basis. Loan grading discipline is regularly reviewed internally by Credit Assurance Services to determine if the process continues to result in accurate loan grading across the portfolio. FHN may utilize availability of guarantors/sponsors to support lending decisions during the credit underwriting process and when determining the assignment of internal loan grades. LGD grades are assigned based on a scale of 1-12 and represent FHN’s expected recovery based on collateral type in the event a loan defaults. See Note 5 – Allowance for Loan Losses for further discussion on the credit grading system.

The following tables provide the balances of commercial loan portfolio classes with associated allowance, disaggregated by PD grade as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
March 31, 2017
Loans to      Allowance
GeneralMortgageIncomeResidentialPercentagefor Loan
(Dollars in thousands)C&ICompaniesTRUPS (a)CRECRETotalof TotalLosses
PD Grade:      
1$478,025$-$-$610  $-  $478,635  3%$78
2891,450--11,293  81  902,824  7442
3403,403398,860-160,115  -  962,378  7239
4998,015227,257-242,069  221  1,467,562  11879
51,269,384139,434-426,147  333  1,835,298  137,260
61,535,573521,253-368,073  8,072  2,432,971  1710,600
71,479,242169,444-396,654  2,161  2,047,501  1512,767
81,042,77249,588-352,370  4,383  1,449,113  1024,532
9641,4634,643-82,734  3,357  732,197  514,396
10344,6334,499-35,489  9,695  394,316  38,510
11228,258--17,501  5,454  251,213  26,289
12162,23813,956-15,831  2,965  194,990  16,862
13115,844-304,2364,755  128  424,963  33,757
14,15,16197,23048-14,395  1,183  212,856  223,177
Collectively evaluated for impairment9,787,5301,528,982304,2362,128,036  38,033  13,786,817  99119,788
Individually evaluated for impairment41,787-3,1831,803  1,293  48,066  13,967
Purchased credit-impaired loans38,278--4,0529442,424-240
Total commercial loans$9,867,595$1,528,982$307,419$2,133,891  $39,420  $13,877,307  100%$123,995

December 31, 2016
  Loans to          Allowance
GeneralMortgageIncomeResidentialPercentagefor Loan
(Dollars in thousands)C&ICompaniesTRUPS (a)CRECRETotalof TotalLosses
PD Grade:            
1$465,179$-$-$1,078  $-  $466,257  3%$77
2791,183--11,742  87  803,012  6403
3491,386462,486-153,670  -  1,107,542  8304
4978,282332,107-222,422  -  1,532,811  11953
51,232,401275,209-365,653  702  1,873,965  136,670
61,540,519614,109-338,344  9,338  2,502,310  1710,403
71,556,117317,283-352,390  2,579  2,228,369  1614,010
8963,35930,974-425,503  2,950  1,422,786  1025,986
9611,7744,299-105,277  4,417  725,767  513,857
10355,3598,663-50,484  9,110  423,616  38,400
11238,230--20,600  6,541  265,371  26,556
12170,531--15,395  4,168  190,094  16,377
13121,276-304,2366,748  311  432,571  34,225
14,15,16194,57259-16,313  1,659  212,603  120,297
Collectively evaluated for impairment9,710,168  2,045,189  304,236  2,085,619  41,862  14,187,074  99  118,518
Individually evaluated for impairment44,753-3,2091,831  1,293  51,086  1  4,413
Purchased credit-impaired loans40,532--4,58333545,450-319
Total commercial loans$9,795,453  $2,045,189  $307,445  $2,092,033  $43,490  $14,283,610  100$123,250

Balances as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, presented net of a $25.5 million valuation allowance. Based on the underlying structure of the notes, the highest possible internal grade is "13".

The consumer portfolio is comprised primarily of smaller-balance loans which are very similar in nature in that most are standard products and are backed by residential real estate. Because of the similarities of consumer loan-types, FHN is able to utilize the Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) score, among other attributes, to assess the credit quality of consumer borrowers. FICO scores are refreshed on a quarterly basis in an attempt to reflect the recent risk profile of the borrowers. Accruing delinquency amounts are indicators of asset quality within the credit card and other consumer portfolio.

The following table reflects the percentage of balances outstanding by average, refreshed FICO scores for the HELOC, real estate installment, and permanent mortgage classes of loans as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
March 31, 2017December 31, 2016
HELOCR/E Installment LoansPermanent MortgageHELOCR/E Installment LoansPermanent Mortgage
FICO score 740 or greater57.6%70.1%45.5%56.9%70.3%45.0%
FICO score 720-7398.88.08.78.88.39.5
FICO score 700-7198.27.29.58.66.89.2
FICO score 660-69912.69.016.813.28.417.1
FICO score 620-6595.73.08.95.63.59.1
FICO score less than 620 (a)7.12.710.66.92.710.1
Total100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%

For this group, a majority of the loan balances had FICO scores at the time of the origination that exceeded 620 but have since deteriorated as the loans have seasoned.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

The following table reflects accruing and non-accruing loans by class on March 31, 2017:
Accruing  Non-Accruing  
  30-89  90+      30-89  90+  Total
DaysDaysTotalDaysDaysNon-Total
(Dollars in thousands)Current Past DuePast DueAccruingCurrent Past DuePast DueAccruingLoans
Commercial (C&I):                
General C&I$9,781,688  $20,073  $101  $9,801,862  $14,511  $113  $12,831  $27,455  $9,829,317
Loans to mortgage companies1,528,934  -  -  1,528,934  -  -  48  48  1,528,982
TRUPS (a)304,236  -  -  304,236  -  -  3,183  3,183  307,419
Purchased credit-impaired loans38,045  8  225  38,278  -  -  -  -  38,278
Total commercial (C&I)11,652,90320,08132611,673,31014,511  113  16,062  30,68611,703,996
Commercial real estate:                
Income CRE2,128,111  128  -  2,128,239  100  -  1,500  1,600  2,129,839
Residential CRE38,531  -  -  38,531  -  -  795  795  39,326
Purchased credit-impaired loans3,605  541  -  4,146  -  -  -  -  4,146
Total commercial real estate2,170,247669  -2,170,916100  -  2,2952,3952,173,311
Consumer real estate:                
HELOC1,521,042  16,612  10,247  1,547,901  46,661  4,187  8,345  59,193  1,607,094
R/E installment loans2,814,663  7,056  4,427  2,826,146  17,477  1,993  2,679  22,149  2,848,295
Purchased credit-impaired loans1,328  -  94  1,422  -  -  -  -  1,422
Total consumer real estate4,337,033  23,668  14,768  4,375,469  64,138  6,180  11,024  81,342  4,456,811
Permanent mortgage369,882  4,802  5,718  380,402  14,166  1,006  13,661  28,833  409,235
Credit card & other:                
Credit card182,129  1,393  1,449  184,971  -  -  -  -  184,971
Other160,929  482  150  161,561  -  -  136  136  161,697
Purchased credit-impaired loans53--53----53
Total credit card & other343,111  1,875  1,599  346,585  -  -  136  136  346,721
Total loans, net of unearned income$18,873,176  $51,095  $22,411  $18,946,682  $92,915  $7,299  $43,178  $143,392  $19,090,074

TRUPS is presented net of the valuation allowance of $25.5 million.

The following table reflects accruing and non-accruing loans by class on December 31, 2016:
Accruing  Non-Accruing  
30-8990+30-8990+Total 
   Days  Days  Total     Days  Days  Non-  Total
(Dollars in thousands) CurrentPast DuePast DueAccruingCurrentPast DuePast DueAccruingLoans
Commercial (C&I):
General C&I$9,720,231  $5,199  $23  $9,725,453  $16,106  $374  $12,988  $29,468  $9,754,921
Loans to mortgage companies2,041,408  3,722  -  2,045,130  -  -  59  59  2,045,189
TRUPS (a)304,236  -  -  304,236  -  -  3,209  3,209  307,445
Purchased credit-impaired loans40,113  185  234  40,532  -  -  -  -  40,532
Total commercial (C&I)12,105,9889,10625712,115,35116,106  374  16,256  32,73612,148,087
Commercial real estate:                
Income CRE2,085,455  14  -  2,085,469  232  460  1,289  1,981  2,087,450
Residential CRE42,182  178  -  42,360  -  -  795  795  43,155
Purchased credit-impaired loans4,809  109  -  4,918  -  -  -  -  4,918
Total commercial real estate2,132,446301  -2,132,747232  460  2,0842,7762,135,523
Consumer real estate:                
HELOC 1,602,640  17,997  10,859  1,631,496  46,964  4,201  8,922  60,087  1,691,583
R/E installment loans2,794,866  7,844  5,158  2,807,868  17,989  2,383  2,353  22,725  2,830,593
Purchased credit-impaired loans1,319  164  93  1,576  -  -  -  -  1,576
Total consumer real estate4,398,825  26,005  16,110  4,440,940  64,953  6,584  11,275  82,812  4,523,752
Permanent mortgage385,972  4,544  5,428  395,944  11,867  2,194  13,120  27,181  423,125
Credit card & other:                
Credit card188,573  1,622  1,456  191,651  -  -  -  -  191,651
Other166,062  992  134  167,188  -  -  142  142  167,330
Purchased credit-impaired loans52--52----52
Total credit card & other354,687  2,614  1,590  358,891  -  -  142  142  359,033
Total loans, net of unearned income$19,377,918  $42,570  $23,385  $19,443,873  $93,158  $9,612  $42,877  $145,647  $19,589,520

TRUPS is presented net of the valuation allowance of $25.5 million.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

As part of FHN’s ongoing risk management practices, FHN attempts to work with borrowers when necessary to extend or modify loan terms to better align with their current ability to repay. Extensions and modifications to loans are made in accordance with internal policies and guidelines which conform to regulatory guidance. Each occurrence is unique to the borrower and is evaluated separately.

A modification is classified as a TDR if the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and it is determined that FHN has granted a concession to the borrower. FHN may determine that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty if the borrower is currently in default on any of its debt, or if it is probable that a borrower may default in the foreseeable future. Many aspects of a borrower’s financial situation are assessed when determining whether they are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions could include extension of the maturity date, reductions of the interest rate (which may make the rate lower than current market for a new loan with similar risk), reduction or forgiveness of accrued interest, or principal forgiveness. The assessments of whether a borrower is experiencing (or is likely to experience) financial difficulty, and whether a concession has been granted, are subjective in nature and management’s judgment is required when determining whether a modification is classified as a TDR.

For all classes within the commercial portfolio segment, TDRs are typically modified through forbearance agreements (generally 6 to 12 months). Forbearance agreements could include reduced interest rates, reduced payments, release of guarantor, or entering into short sale agreements. FHN’s proprietary modification programs for consumer loans are generally structured using parameters of U.S. government-sponsored programs such as the former Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”). Within the HELOC and R/E installment loans classes of the consumer portfolio segment, TDRs are typically modified by reducing the interest rate (in increments of 25 basis points to a minimum of 1 percent for up to 5 years) and a possible maturity date extension to reach an affordable housing debt-to-income ratio. After 5 years, the interest rate generally returns to the original interest rate prior to modification; for certain modifications, the modified interest rate increases 2 percent per year until the original interest rate prior to modification is achieved. Permanent mortgage TDRs are typically modified by reducing the interest rate (in increments of 25 basis points to a minimum of 2 percent for up to 5 years) and a possible maturity date extension to reach an affordable housing debt-to-income ratio. After 5 years, the interest rate steps up 1 percent every year until it reaches the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Weekly Survey Rate cap. Contractual maturities may be extended to 40 years on permanent mortgages and to 30 years for consumer real estate loans. Within the credit card class of the consumer portfolio segment, TDRs are typically modified through either a short-term credit card hardship program or a longer-term credit card workout program. In the credit card hardship program, borrowers may be granted rate and payment reductions for 6 months to 1 year. In the credit card workout program, customers are granted a rate reduction to 0 percent and term extensions for up to 5 years to pay off the remaining balance.

Despite the absence of a loan modification, the discharge of personal liability through bankruptcy proceedings is considered a concession. As a result, FHN classifies all non-reaffirmed residential real estate loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy as nonaccruing TDRs.

On March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, FHN had $270.0 million and $285.2 million of portfolio loans classified as TDRs, respectively. For TDRs in the loan portfolio, FHN had loan loss reserves of $43.4 million, or 16 percent as of March 31, 2017, and $44.9 million, or 16 percent as of December 31, 2016. Additionally, $67.2 million and $69.3 million of loans held-for-sale as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, were classified as TDRs.

The following tables reflect portfolio loans that were classified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
March 31, 2017March 31, 2016
  Pre-Modification  Post-ModificationPre-ModificationPost-Modification
OutstandingOutstandingOutstandingOutstanding
(Dollars in thousands) NumberRecorded InvestmentRecorded InvestmentNumberRecorded InvestmentRecorded Investment
Commercial (C&I):        
General C&I1  $27  $371  $708  $708
Total commercial (C&I)1  27  371  708  708
Consumer real estate:        
HELOC 35  2,589  2,47399  7,440  7,370
R/E installment loans14  957  90215  898  895
Total consumer real estate49  3,546  3,375114  8,338  8,265
Permanent mortgage 5  1,310  1,303-  -  -
Credit card & other6  21  20419  18
Total troubled debt restructurings61  $4,904  $4,735119  $9,065  $8,991

The following tables present TDRs which re-defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, and as to which the modification occurred 12 months or less prior to the re-default. For purposes of this disclosure, FHN generally defines payment default as 30 or more days past due.
March 31, 2017March 31, 2016
  RecordedRecorded
(Dollars in thousands)NumberInvestmentNumberInvestment
Commercial (C&I):    
General C&I1  $5,779  -  $-
Total commercial (C&I)1  5,779  -  -
Consumer real estate:    
HELOC4  685  1  36
Total consumer real estate4  685  1  36
Credit card & other2  7  -  -
Total troubled debt restructurings7  $6,471  1  $36