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Fair Value Of Assets And Liabilities
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Of Assets And Liabilities

Note 24 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities

FHN groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. This hierarchy requires FHN to maximize the use of observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. Each fair value measurement is placed into the proper level based on the lowest level of significant input. These levels are:

  • Level 1 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
  • Level 2 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
  • Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.

Transfers between fair value levels are recognized at the end of the fiscal quarter in which the associated change in inputs occurs.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016:
December 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total
Trading securities - fixed income:      
U.S. treasuries$-  $146,988  $-  $146,988  
Government agency issued MBS-  256,611  -  256,611  
Government agency issued CMO-  150,058  -  150,058  
Other U.S. government agencies-  52,314  -  52,314  
States and municipalities-  60,351  -  60,351  
Corporate and other debt-  227,934  5  227,939  
Equity, mutual funds, and other-  242  -  242  
Total trading securities - fixed income -  894,498  5  894,503  
Trading securities - mortgage banking-  -  2,568  2,568
Loans held-for-sale-  2,345  21,924  24,269  
Securities available-for-sale:      
U.S. treasuries-  100  -  100  
Government agency issued MBS-  2,208,687  -  2,208,687  
Government agency issued CMO-  1,547,958  -  1,547,958  
Equity, mutual funds, and other25,249  -  -  25,249  
Total securities available-for-sale25,249  3,756,745  -  3,781,994  
Other assets:      
Mortgage servicing rights--985985
Deferred compensation assets32,840  -  -  32,840  
Derivatives, forwards and futures33,587  -  -  33,587  
Derivatives, interest rate contracts -  88,025  -  88,025  
Derivatives, other-42-42
Total other assets66,427  88,067  985  155,479  
Total assets$91,676  $4,741,655  $25,482  $4,858,813  
Trading liabilities - fixed income:      
U.S. treasuries$-  $381,229  $-  $381,229  
Other U.S. government agencies-  844  -  844  
Corporate and other debt-  179,775  -  179,775  
Total trading liabilities - fixed income-  561,848  -  561,848  
Other liabilities:  
Derivatives, forwards and futures33,274  -  -  33,274  
Derivatives, interest rate contracts -  96,371  -  96,371  
Derivatives, other-  7  6,2456,252
Total other liabilities33,27496,3786,245135,897
Total liabilities$33,274  $658,226  $6,245  $697,745  

The following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015:
  December 31, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total
Trading securities - fixed income:      
U.S. treasuries$-  $64,483  $-  $64,483
Government agency issued MBS-  258,899  -  258,899
Government agency issued CMO-  99,260  -  99,260
Other U.S. government agencies-  83,740  -  83,740
States and municipalities-  32,729  -  32,729
Corporate and other debt-  331,709  5  331,714
Equity, mutual funds, and other-  6,253  -6,253
Total trading securities - fixed income -  877,073  5  877,078
Trading securities - mortgage banking-  -  4,372  4,372
Loans held-for-sale-  -  27,418  27,418
Securities available-for-sale:      
U.S. treasuries-  100  -  100
Government agency issued MBS-  1,573,611  -  1,573,611
Government agency issued CMO-  2,169,683  -  2,169,683
Other U.S. government agencies-  102  -  102
States and municipalities-  -  1,500  1,500
Equity, mutual funds, and other26,434  -  -  26,434
Total securities available-for-sale26,434  3,743,496  1,500  3,771,430
Other assets:
Mortgage servicing rights-  -  1,841  1,841
Deferred compensation assets29,399  -  -  29,399
Derivatives, forwards and futures4,361  -  -  4,361
Derivatives, interest rate contracts-  99,855  -  99,855
Derivatives, other-149-149
Total other assets33,760  100,004  1,841  135,605
Total assets$60,194  $4,720,573  $35,136  $4,815,903
Trading liabilities - fixed income:      
U.S. treasuries$-  $284,275  $-  $284,275
Corporate and other debt-281,744-281,744
Total trading liabilities - fixed income-  566,019  -  566,019
Other liabilities:
Derivatives, forwards and futures3,527  -  -  3,527
Derivatives, interest rate contracts-  100,002  -  100,002
Derivatives, other-  -  4,810  4,810
Total other liabilities3,527  100,002  4,810  108,339
Total liabilities$3,527  $666,021  $4,810  $674,358

Changes in Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:
  Year Ended December 31, 2016
SecuritiesMortgage
  TradingLoans held-available-servicingNet derivative
(Dollars in thousands)securitiesfor-salefor-salerights, netliabilities
Balance on January 1, 2016$4,377  $27,418  $1,500$1,841  $(4,810)
Total net gains/(losses) included in:
  Net income604  3,380  -31  (2,634)
Purchases-  706  --  -  
Sales-  -  -(205)  -  
Settlements(2,408)(6,264)(1,500)(682)1,199  
Net transfers into/(out of) Level 3-  (3,316) (b)  --  -  
Balance on December 31, 2016$2,573  $21,924  $-$985  $(6,245)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) included in net income$159 (a)  $3,380 (a)  $-$-$(2,634) (c)

Year Ended Decmber 31, 2015
SecuritiesMortgage
TradingLoans held-available-servicingNet derivative
(Dollars in thousands)securitiesfor-salefor-salerights, netliabilities
Balance on January 1, 2015$5,642  $27,910  $3,307$2,517$(5,240)  
Total net gains/(losses) included in:
Net income369  2,765(47)-(775)  
Purchases-  3,116  ---  
Sales-  -  (1,760)--  
Settlements(1,634)(4,462)-(676)1,205
Net transfers into/(out of) Level 3 -  (1,911) (b)---  
Balance on December 31, 2015$4,377  $27,418  $1,500$1,841$(4,810)  
Net unrealized gains/(losses) included in net income$369 (a)$2,765 (a)$-$-$(775) (c)

Year Ended December 31, 2014
Securities available-for-saleMortgage
TradingLoans held-InvestmentVentureservicing Net derivative
(Dollars in thousands)securitiesfor-saleportfoliocapitalrights, netliabilities
Balance on January 1, 2014$7,200$230,456$3,826$4,300$72,793$(2,915)
Total net gains/(losses) included in:
Net income14952,494-(2,995)1,248(5,981)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)--(64)---
Purchases1,5595,654----
Sales(1,715)(236,975)-(5)(70,204)-
Settlements(1,551)(19,806)(455)(1,300)(1,320)3,656
Net transfers into/(out of) Level 3 -(3,913) (b)----
Balance on December 31, 2014$5,642$27,910$3,307$-$2,517$(5,240)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) included in net income$225 (a)$1,991 (a)$-$-$43 (a)$(5,981) (c)

  • Primarily included in mortgage banking income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
  • Transfers out of recurring loans held-for-sale level 3 balances generally reflect movements out of recurring loans held-for-sale and into real estate acquired by foreclosure (level 3 nonrecurring).
  • Included in Other expense.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

From time to time, FHN may be required to measure certain other financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of LOCOM accounting or write-downs of individual assets. For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis which were still held on the balance sheet at December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively, the following tables provide the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment, the related carrying value, and the fair value adjustments recorded during the respective periods.

Year Ended
Carrying value at December 31, 2016December 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalNet gains/(losses)
Loans held-for-sale - SBAs$-$4,286$-$4,286$(1)
Loans held-for-sale - first mortgages--63863875
Loans, net of unearned income (a)--31,07031,070(2,055)
Real estate acquired by foreclosure (b)--11,23511,235(2,041)
Other assets (c)--29,60929,609(3,349)
$(7,371)
Year Ended
Carrying value at December 31, 2015December 31, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalNet gains/(losses)
Loans held-for-sale - first mortgages$-$-$729$72957
Loans, net of unearned income (a)--27,02627,0264,087
Real estate acquired by foreclosure (b)--24,97724,977(2,868)
Other assets (c)--24,57724,577(4,582)
$(3,306)
Year Ended
Carrying value at December 31, 2014December 31, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalNet gains/(losses)
Loans held-for-sale - SBAs$-$3,322$-$3,322$46
Loans held-for-sale - first mortgages--846846(470)
Loans, net of unearned income (a)--40,53140,531(801)
Real estate acquired by foreclosure (b)--30,43030,430(3,465)
Other assets (c)--28,66028,660(2,087)
$(6,777)

  • Represents carrying value of loans for which adjustments are required to be based on the appraised value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Write-downs on these loans are recognized as part of provision for loan losses. Gains in 2015 are due to recoveries of previously charged-off amounts.
  • Represents the fair value and related losses of foreclosed properties that were measured subsequent to their initial classification as foreclosed assets. Balance excludes foreclosed real estate related to government insured mortgages.
  • Represents tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method.

 

In first quarter 2016, FHN’s Regional Banking segment recognized $3.7 million of impairments on long-lived assets associated with efforts to more efficiently utilize its bank branch locations. The affected branch locations represented a mixture of owned and leased sites. The fair values of owned sites were determined using estimated sales prices from appraisals less estimated costs to sell. The fair values of leased sites were determined using a discounted cash flow approach, based on the revised estimated useful lives of the related assets. Both measurement methodologies are considered Level 3 valuations.

Level 3 Measurements
The following tables provide information regarding the unobservable inputs utilized in determining the fair value of level 3 recurring and non-recurring measurements as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:
(Dollars in Thousands)
Fair Value at
Level 3 ClassDecember 31, 2016Valuation TechniquesUnobservable InputValues Utilized
Trading securities - mortgage$2,568Discounted cash flowPrepayment speeds 22% - 41%
Discount rate29% - 50%
Loans held-for-sale - residential real estate22,562Discounted cash flowPrepayment speeds - First mortgage2% - 13%
Prepayment speeds - HELOC3% - 15%
Foreclosure losses50% - 70%
Loss severity trends - First mortgage5% - 50% of UPB
Loss severity trends - HELOC15% - 100% of UPB
Derivative liabilities, other6,245Discounted cash flowVisa covered litigation resolution amount$4.4 billion - $5.2 billion
Probability of resolution scenarios10% - 30%
Time until resolution24 - 54 months
Loans, net of unearned income (a)31,070Appraisals from comparable propertiesMarketability adjustments for specific properties0% - 10% of appraisal
Other collateral valuationsBorrowing base certificates adjustment20% - 50% of gross value
Financial Statements/Auction values adjustment0% - 25% of reported value
Real estate acquired by foreclosure (b)11,235Appraisals from comparable propertiesAdjustment for value changes since appraisal0% - 10% of appraisal
Other assets (c)29,609Discounted cash flowAdjustments to current sales yields for specific properties0% - 15% adjustment to yield
Appraisals from comparable propertiesMarketability adjustments for specific properties0% - 25% of appraisal

  • Represents carrying value of loans for which adjustments are required to be based on the appraised value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Write-downs on these loans are recognized as part of provision for loan losses.
  • Represents the fair value of foreclosed properties that were measured subsequent to their initial classification as foreclosed assets. Balance excludes foreclosed real estate related to government insured mortgages.
  • Represents tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method.

(Dollars in Thousands)
Fair Value at
Level 3 ClassDecember 31, 2015Valuation TechniquesUnobservable InputValues Utilized
Trading securities - mortgage$4,372Discounted cash flowPrepayment speeds42% - 43%
Discount rate6% - 63%
Loans held-for-sale - residential real estate28,147Discounted cash flowPrepayment speeds - First mortgage2% - 20%
Prepayment speeds - HELOC3% - 15%
Foreclosure Losses45% - 55%
Loss severity trends - First mortgage10% - 70% of UPB
Loss severity trends - HELOC35% - 100% of UPB
Draw Rate - HELOC2% - 12%
Derivative liabilities, other4,810Discounted cash flowVisa covered litigation resolution amount$4.4 billion - $5.4 billion
Probability of resolution scenarios5% - 25%
Time until resolution6 - 42 months
Loans, net of unearned income (a)27,026Appraisals from comparable propertiesMarketability adjustments for specific properties0% - 10% of appraisal
Other collateral valuationsBorrowing base certificates adjustment20% - 50% of gross value
Financial Statements/Auction values adjustment0% - 25% of reported value
Real estate acquired by foreclosure (b)24,977Appraisals from comparable propertiesAdjustment for value changes since appraisal0% - 10% of appraisal
Other assets (c)24,577Discounted cash flowAdjustments to current sales yields for specific properties0% - 15% adjustment to yield
Appraisals from comparable propertiesMarketability adjustments for specific properties0% - 25% of appraisal

  • Represents carrying value of loans for which adjustments are required to be based on the appraised value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Write-downs on these loans are recognized as part of provision for loan losses.
  • Represents the fair value of foreclosed properties that were measured subsequent to their initial classification as foreclosed assets. Balance excludes foreclosed real estate related to government insured mortgages.
  • Represents tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method.

Trading securities-mortgage. Prepayment rates and credit spreads (part of the discount rate) are significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of FHN’s mortgage trading securities which primarily consist of principal-only strips. Subordinated bonds were also included in mortgage trading securities prior to their payoff in first quarter 2016. Increases in prepayment rates and credit spreads in isolation would result in significantly lower fair value measurements for the associated assets. Conversely, decreases in prepayment rates and credit spreads in isolation would result in significantly higher fair value measurements for the associated assets. Generally, when market interest rates decline and other factors favorable to prepayments occur, there is a corresponding increase in prepayment rates as customers are expected to refinance existing mortgages under more favorable interest rate terms. Generally, changes in discount rates directionally mirror the changes in market interest rates. FHN’s Corporate Accounting Department monitors changes in the fair value of these securities monthly.

Loans held-for-sale. Foreclosure losses and prepayment rates are significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of FHN’s residential real estate loans held-for-sale. Loss severity trends are also assessed to evaluate the reasonableness of fair value estimates resulting from discounted cash flows methodologies as well as to estimate fair value for newly repurchased loans and loans that are near foreclosure. Significant increases (decreases) in any of these inputs in isolation would result in significantly lower (higher) fair value measurements. Draw rates were an additional significant unobservable input for HELOCs until the draw period closed in 2016. Increases (decreases) in the draw rate estimates for HELOCs would have increased (decreased) their fair value. All observable and unobservable inputs are re-assessed quarterly. Fair value measurements are reviewed at least quarterly by FHN’s Corporate Accounting Department.

Derivative liabilities. In conjunction with the sales of portions of its Visa Class B shares, FHN and the purchaser entered into derivative transactions whereby FHN will make, or receive, cash payments whenever the conversion ratio of the Visa Class B shares into Visa Class A shares is adjusted. FHN uses a discounted cash flow methodology in order to estimate the fair value of FHN’s derivative liabilities associated with its prior sales of Visa Class B shares. The methodology includes estimation of both the resolution amount for Visa’s Covered Litigation matters as well as the length of time until the resolution occurs. Significant increases (decreases) in either of these inputs in isolation would result in significantly higher (lower) fair value measurements for the derivative liabilities. Additionally, FHN performs a probability weighted multiple resolution scenario to calculate the estimated fair value of these derivative liabilities. Assignment of higher (lower) probabilities to the larger potential resolution scenarios would result in an increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of the derivative liabilities. Since this estimation process requires application of judgment in developing significant unobservable inputs used to determine the possible outcomes and the probability weighting assigned to each scenario, these derivatives have been classified within Level 3 in fair value measurements disclosures. The valuation inputs and process are discussed with senior and executive management when significant events affecting the estimate of fair value occur. Inputs are compared to information obtained from the public issuances and filings of Visa, Inc. as well as public information released by other participants in the applicable litigation matters.

Loans, net of unearned income and Real estate acquired by foreclosure. Collateral-dependent loans and Real estate acquired by foreclosure are primarily valued using appraisals based on sales of comparable properties in the same or similar markets. Multiple appraisal firms are utilized to ensure that estimated values are consistent between firms. This process occurs within FHN’s Credit Risk Management (commercial) and Default Servicing functions (primarily consumer). The Credit Risk Management Committee reviews ORE dispositions and additions annually. Back testing is performed during the year through comparison to ultimate disposition values. Other collateral (receivables, inventory, equipment, etc.) is valued through borrowing base certificates, financial statements and/or auction valuations. These valuations are discounted based on the quality of reporting, knowledge of the marketability/collectability of the collateral and historical disposition rates.

Other assets – tax credit investments. The estimated fair value of tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method is generally determined in relation to the yield (i.e., future tax credits to be received) an acquirer of these investments would expect in relation to the yields experienced on current new issue and/or secondary market transactions. Thus, as tax credits are recognized, the future yield to a market participant is reduced, resulting in consistent impairment of the individual investments. Individual investments are reviewed for impairment quarterly, which may include the consideration of additional marketability discounts related to specific investments which typically includes consideration of the underlying property’s appraised value. Unusual valuation adjustments and the associated triggering events are discussed with senior and executive management when appropriate. A portfolio review is conducted annually, with the assistance of a third party, to assess the reasonableness of current valuations.

Fair Value Option

FHN has elected the fair value option on a prospective basis for almost all types of mortgage loans originated for sale purposes under the Financial Instruments Topic (“ASC 825”). FHN determined that the election reduces certain timing differences and better matches changes in the value of such loans with changes in the value of derivatives and forward delivery commitments used as economic hedges for these assets at the time of election.

Repurchased loans are recognized within loans held-for-sale at fair value at the time of repurchase, which includes consideration of the credit status of the loans and the estimated liquidation value. FHN has elected to continue recognition of these loans at fair value in periods subsequent to reacquisition. Due to the credit-distressed nature of the vast majority of repurchased loans and the related loss severities experienced upon repurchase, FHN believes that the fair value election provides a more timely recognition of changes in value for these loans that occur subsequent to repurchase. Absent the fair value election, these loans would be subject to valuation at the LOCOM value, which would prevent subsequent values from exceeding the initial fair value, determined at the time of repurchase, but would require recognition of subsequent declines in value. Thus, the fair value election provides for a more timely recognition of any potential future recoveries in asset values while not affecting the requirement to recognize subsequent declines in value.

The following tables reflect the differences between the fair value carrying amount of residential real estate loans held-for-sale measured at fair value in accordance with management’s election and the aggregate unpaid principal amount FHN is contractually entitled to receive at maturity.
December 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)Fair value carrying amountAggregate unpaid principalFair value carrying amount less aggregate unpaid principal
Residential real estate loans held-for-sale reported at fair value:    
Total loans$24,269  $35,262  $(10,993)
Nonaccrual loans6,775  12,910  (6,135)
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing211  331  (120)
December 31, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)Fair value carrying amountAggregate unpaid principalFair value carrying amount less aggregate unpaid principal
Residential real estate loans held-for-sale reported at fair value:    
Total loans$27,418  $41,881  $(14,463)
Nonaccrual loans7,702  14,807  (7,105)
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing2,181  3,004  (823)

Assets and liabilities accounted for under the fair value election are initially measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Such changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities for which FHN elected the fair value option are included in current period earnings with classification in the income statement line item reflected in the following table:
Year Ended
December 31
(Dollars in thousands)201620152014
Changes in fair value included in net income:
Mortgage banking noninterest income
Loans held-for-sale$3,380$2,765$52,494

For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, the amounts for residential real estate loans held-for-sale include a gain of $1.5 million, $.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively, in pretax earnings that are attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk. The portion of the fair value adjustments related to credit risk was determined based on estimated default rates and estimated loss severities. Interest income on residential real estate loans held-for-sale measured at fair value is calculated based on the note rate of the loan and is recorded in the interest income section of the Consolidated Statements of Income as interest on loans held-for-sale.

Determination of Fair Value

In accordance with ASC 820-10-35, fair values are based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following describes the assumptions and methodologies used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Statements of Condition and for estimating the fair value of financial instruments for which fair value is disclosed under ASC 825-10-50.

Short-term financial assets. Federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and interest bearing deposits with other financial institutions and the Federal Reserve are carried at historical cost. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization.

Trading securities and trading liabilities. Trading securities and trading liabilities are recognized at fair value through current earnings. Trading inventory held for broker-dealer operations is included in trading securities and trading liabilities. Broker-dealer long positions are valued at bid price in the bid-ask spread. Short positions are valued at the ask price. Inventory positions are valued using observable inputs including current market transactions, LIBOR and U.S. treasury curves, credit spreads, and consensus prepayment speeds. Trading loans are valued using observable inputs including current market transactions, swap rates, mortgage rates, and consensus prepayment speeds.

Trading securities also include retained interests in prior securitizations that qualify as financial assets, which include primarily principal-only strips. Subordinated bonds were included in mortgage trading securities prior to payoff in first quarter 2016. FHN uses inputs including yield curves, credit spreads, and prepayment speeds to determine the fair value of principal-only strips. Subordinated bonds are bonds with junior priority and were valued using an internal model which included contractual terms, frequency and severity of loss (credit spreads), prepayment speeds of the underlying collateral, and the yield that a market participant would require.

Securities available-for-sale. Securities available-for-sale includes the investment portfolio accounted for as available-for-sale under ASC 320-10-25, federal bank stock holdings, and short-term investments in mutual funds. Valuations of available-for-sale securities are performed using observable inputs obtained from market transactions in similar securities. Typical inputs include LIBOR and U.S. treasury curves, consensus prepayment estimates, and credit spreads. When available, broker quotes are used to support these valuations.

Investments in the stock of the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Banks are recognized at historical cost in the Consolidated Statements of Condition which is considered to approximate fair value. Short-term investments in mutual funds are measured at the funds’ reported closing net asset values. Investments in equity securities are valued using quoted market prices when available. Cost method investments are valued at historical cost less any recorded impairment due to the illiquid nature of these investments.

Securities held-to-maturity. Securities held-to-maturity reflects debt securities for which management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. To the extent possible, valuations of held-to-maturity securities are performed using observable inputs obtained from market transactions in similar securities. Typical inputs include LIBOR and U.S. treasury curves and credit spreads. Debt securities with limited trading activity are valued using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates a combination of observable and unobservable inputs. Primary observable inputs include contractual cash flows, the treasury curve and credit spreads from similar instruments. Significant unobservable inputs include estimated credit spreads for individual issuers and instruments as well as prepayment speeds, as applicable.

Loans held-for-sale. Residential real estate loans held-for-sale are valued using current transaction prices and/or values on similar assets when available, including committed bids for specific loans or loan portfolios. Uncommitted bids may be adjusted based on other available market information. For all other loans FHN determines the fair value of residential real estate loans held-for-sale using a discounted cash flow model which incorporates both observable and unobservable inputs. Inputs include current mortgage rates for similar products, estimated prepayment rates, foreclosure losses, and various loan performance measures (delinquency, LTV, credit score). Adjustments for delinquency and other differences in loan characteristics are typically reflected in the model’s discount rates. Loss severity trends and the value of underlying collateral are also considered in assessing the appropriate fair value for severely delinquent loans and loans in foreclosure. The valuation of HELOCs also incorporates estimates of loan draw rates, when still in the draw period, as well as estimated cancellation rates for loans expected to become delinquent.

Loans held-for-sale also include loans made by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), which are accounted for at LOCOM. The fair value of SBA loans is determined using an expected cash flow model that utilizes observable inputs such as the spread between LIBOR and prime rates, consensus prepayment speeds, and the treasury curve. The fair value of other non-residential real estate loans held-for-sale is approximated by their carrying values based on current transaction values.

Loans, net of unearned income. Loans, net of unearned income are recognized at the amount of funds advanced, less charge-offs and an estimation of credit risk represented by the allowance for loan losses. The fair value estimates for disclosure purposes differentiate loans based on their financial characteristics, such as product classification, vintage, loan category, pricing features, and remaining maturity.

The fair value of floating rate loans is estimated through comparison to recent market activity in loans of similar product types, with adjustments made for differences in loan characteristics. In situations where market pricing inputs are not available, fair value is considered to approximate book value due to the monthly repricing for commercial and consumer loans, with the exception of floating rate 1-4 family residential mortgage loans which reprice annually and will lag movements in market rates. The fair value for floating rate 1-4 family mortgage loans is calculated by discounting future cash flows to their present value. Future cash flows are discounted to their present value by using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same time period. Prepayment assumptions based on historical prepayment speeds and industry speeds for similar loans have been applied to the floating rate 1-4 family residential mortgage portfolio.

The fair value of fixed rate loans is estimated through comparison to recent market activity in loans of similar product types, with adjustments made for differences in loan characteristics. In situations where market pricing inputs are not available, fair value is estimated by discounting future cash flows to their present value. Future cash flows are discounted to their present value by using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same time period. Prepayment assumptions based on historical prepayment speeds and industry speeds for similar loans have been applied to the fixed rate mortgage and installment loan portfolios.

For all loan portfolio classes, adjustments are made to reflect liquidity or illiquidity of the market. Such adjustments reflect discounts that FHN believes are consistent with what a market participant would consider in determining fair value given current market conditions.

Individually impaired loans are measured using either a discounted cash flow methodology or the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell, if the loan is considered collateral-dependent. In accordance with accounting standards, the discounted cash flow analysis utilizes the loan’s effective interest rate for discounting expected cash flow amounts. Thus, this analysis is not considered a fair value measurement in accordance with ASC 820. However, the results of this methodology are considered to approximate fair value for the applicable loans. Expected cash flows are derived from internally-developed inputs primarily reflecting expected default rates on contractual cash flows. For loans measured using the estimated fair value of collateral less costs to sell, fair value is estimated using appraisals of the collateral. Collateral values are monitored and additional write-downs are recognized if it is determined that the estimated collateral values have declined further. Estimated costs to sell are based on current amounts of disposal costs for similar assets. Carrying value is considered to reflect fair value for these loans.

Mortgage servicing rights. FHN recognizes all classes of MSR at fair value. In third quarter 2013, FHN agreed to sell substantially all of its remaining legacy mortgage servicing. After that time FHN used the price in the definitive agreement, as adjusted for the portion of pricing that was not specific to the MSR, as a third-party pricing source in the valuation of the remaining first lien mortgage MSR, which was completely de-recognized by the end of 2016. The remaining MSR relates to servicing of other consumer real estate loans and is valued using a discounted cash flow methodology.

Derivative assets and liabilities. The fair value for forwards and futures contracts is based on current transactions involving identical securities. Futures contracts are exchange-traded and thus have no credit risk factor assigned as the risk of non-performance is limited to the clearinghouse used.

Valuations of other derivatives (primarily interest rate related swaps) are based on inputs observed in active markets for similar instruments. Typical inputs include the LIBOR curve, Overnight Indexed Swap ("OIS") curve, option volatility, and option skew. In measuring the fair value of these derivative assets and liabilities, FHN has elected to consider credit risk based on the net exposure to individual counterparties. Credit risk is mitigated for these instruments through the use of mutual margining and master netting agreements as well as collateral posting requirements. Any remaining credit risk related to interest rate derivatives is considered in determining fair value through evaluation of additional factors such as customer loan grades and debt ratings. Foreign currency related derivatives also utilize observable exchange rates in the determination of fair value. The determination of fair value for FHN’s derivative liabilities associated with its prior sales of Visa Class B shares are classified within Level 3 in the fair value measurements disclosure as previously discussed in the unobservable inputs discussion.

Real estate acquired by foreclosure. Real estate acquired by foreclosure primarily consists of properties that have been acquired in satisfaction of debt. These properties are carried at the lower of the outstanding loan amount or estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell the real estate. Estimated fair value is determined using appraised values with subsequent adjustments for deterioration in values that are not reflected in the most recent appraisal.

Nonearning assets. For disclosure purposes, nonearning financial assets include cash and due from banks, accrued interest receivable, and fixed income receivables. Due to the short-term nature of cash and due from banks, accrued interest receivable, and fixed income receivables, the fair value is approximated by the book value.

Other assets. For disclosure purposes, other assets consist of tax credit investments and deferred compensation assets that are considered financial assets. Tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method are written down to estimated fair value quarterly based on the estimated value of the associated tax credits which incorporates estimates of required yield for hypothetical investors. The fair value of all other tax credit investments is estimated using recent transaction information with adjustments for differences in individual investments. Deferred compensation assets are recognized at fair value, which is based on quoted prices in active markets.

Defined maturity deposits. The fair value of these deposits is estimated by discounting future cash flows to their present value. Future cash flows are discounted by using the current market rates of similar instruments applicable to the remaining maturity. For disclosure purposes, defined maturity deposits include all certificates of deposit and other time deposits.

Undefined maturity deposits. In accordance with ASC 825, the fair value of these deposits is approximated by the book value. For the purpose of this disclosure, undefined maturity deposits include demand deposits, checking interest accounts, savings accounts, and money market accounts.

Short-term financial liabilities. The fair value of federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings are approximated by the book value. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization.

Term borrowings. The fair value of term borrowings is based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes for the identical liability when traded as an asset. When pricing information for the identical liability is not available, relevant prices for similar debt instruments are used with adjustments being made to the prices obtained for differences in characteristics of the debt instruments. If no relevant pricing information is available, the fair value is approximated by the present value of the contractual cash flows discounted by the investor’s yield which considers FHN’s and FTBNA’s debt ratings.

Other noninterest-bearing liabilities. For disclosure purposes, other noninterest-bearing financial liabilities include accrued interest payable and fixed income payables. Due to the short-term nature of these liabilities, the book value is considered to approximate fair value.

Loan commitments. Fair values of these commitments are based on fees charged to enter into similar agreements taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing.

Other commitments. Fair values of these commitments are based on fees charged to enter into similar agreements.

The following fair value estimates are determined as of a specific point in time utilizing various assumptions and estimates. The use of assumptions and various valuation techniques, as well as the absence of secondary markets for certain financial instruments, reduces the comparability of fair value disclosures between financial institutions. Due to market illiquidity, the fair values for loans, net of unearned income, loans held-for-sale, and term borrowings as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, involve the use of significant internally-developed pricing assumptions for certain components of these line items. The assumptions and valuations utilized for this disclosure are considered to reflect inputs that market participants would use in transactions involving these instruments as of the measurement date. The valuations of legacy assets, particularly consumer loans within the non-strategic segment and TRUP loans, are influenced by changes in economic conditions since origination and risk perceptions of the financial sector. These considerations affect the estimate of a potential acquirer’s cost of capital and cash flow volatility assumptions from these assets and the resulting fair value measurements may depart significantly from FHN’s internal estimates of the intrinsic value of these assets.

Assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments have not been included in the following table such as the value of long-term relationships with deposit and trust customers, premises and equipment, goodwill and other intangibles, deferred taxes, and certain other assets and other liabilities. Additionally, these measurements are solely for financial instruments as of the measurement date and do not consider the earnings potential of our various business lines. Accordingly, the total of the fair value amounts does not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of FHN.

The following tables summarize the book value and estimated fair value of financial instruments recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Condition as well as unfunded loan commitments and stand by and other commitments as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.

  December 31, 2016
BookFair Value
(Dollars in thousands)  Value  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total
Assets:          
Loans, net of unearned income and allowance for loan losses          
Commercial:          
Commercial, financial and industrial  $12,058,689  $-  $-  $11,918,374  $11,918,374  
Commercial real estate  2,101,671  -  -  2,078,306  2,078,306
Consumer:          
Consumer real estate 4,473,395  -  -  4,385,669  4,385,669  
Permanent mortgage 406,836  -  -  404,930  404,930  
Credit card & other  346,861  -  -  347,577  347,577  
Total loans, net of unearned income and allowance for loan losses  19,387,452  -  -  19,134,856  19,134,856  
Short-term financial assets:          
Interest-bearing cash  1,060,034  1,060,034  -  -  1,060,034  
Federal funds sold  50,838  -  50,838  -  50,838  
Securities purchased under agreements to resell  613,682  -  613,682  -  613,682  
Total short-term financial assets1,724,5541,060,034664,520-1,724,554
Trading securities (a)897,071  -  894,498  2,573  897,071  
Loans held-for-sale (a)111,248  -  6,631  104,617  111,248  
Securities available-for-sale (a) (b)3,943,499  25,249  3,756,745  161,505  3,943,499  
Securities held-to-maturity14,347  -  -  14,773  14,773  
Derivative assets (a)121,654  33,587  88,067  -  121,654
  
Other assets:  
Tax credit investments  100,105--98,40098,400  
Deferred compensation assets32,84032,840--32,840
Total other assets  132,945  32,840  -  98,400  131,240
Nonearning assets:    
Cash & due from banks  373,274  373,274  -  -  373,274  
Fixed income receivables  57,411  -  57,411  -  57,411  
Accrued interest receivable  60,870  -  60,870  -  60,870  
Total nonearning assets  491,555  373,274  118,281  -  491,555
Total assets  $26,824,325  $1,524,984  $5,528,742  $19,516,724  $26,570,450
          
Liabilities:    
Deposits:    
Defined maturity$1,355,133  $-  $1,361,104  $-  $1,361,104  
Undefined maturity21,317,230-21,317,230-21,317,230
Total deposits22,672,363  -22,678,334-22,678,334  
Trading liabilities (a)561,848  -  561,848  -  561,848
Short-term financial liabilities:    
Federal funds purchased414,207-414,207-414,207
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase  453,053  -  453,053  -  453,053  
Other short-term borrowings83,177-83,177-83,177
Total short-term financial liabilities  950,437  -  950,437  -  950,437
Term borrowings:    
Real estate investment trust-preferred  46,032  -  -  49,350  49,350  
Term borrowings - new market tax credit investment  18,000  -  -  17,918  17,918  
Borrowings secured by residential real estate23,126--21,96921,969
Other long term borrowings953,498-965,066-965,066
Total term borrowings1,040,656  -  965,066  89,237  1,054,303  
Derivative liabilities (a)135,897  33,274  96,378  6,245  135,897
  
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities:    
Fixed income payables  21,002  -  21,002  -  21,002  
Accrued interest payable  10,336  -  10,336  -  10,336  
Total other noninterest-bearing liabilities31,338  -  31,338  -31,338
Total liabilities$25,392,539  $33,274  $25,283,401  $95,482$25,412,157

  • Classes are detailed in the recurring and nonrecurring measurement tables.
  • Level 3 includes restricted investments in FHLB-Cincinnati stock of $87.9 million and FRB stock of $68.6 million.

  December 31, 2015
BookFair Value
(Dollars in thousands)  Value  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3  Total
Assets:          
Loans, net of unearned income and allowance for loan losses          
Commercial:          
Commercial, financial and industrial$10,362,753  $-  $-  $10,280,766  $10,280,766  
Commercial real estate  1,649,776  -  -  1,619,795  1,619,795
Consumer:          
Consumer real estate4,685,904  -  -  4,479,333  4,479,333  
Permanent mortgage435,176  -  -  400,970  400,970  
Credit card & other  342,651  -  -  344,892  344,892  
Total loans, net of unearned income and allowance for loan losses17,476,260  -  -  17,125,756  17,125,756  
Short-term financial assets:          
Interest-bearing cash  602,836  602,836  -  -  602,836  
Federal funds sold114,479-114,479-114,479
Securities purchased under agreements to resell  615,773  -  615,773  -  615,773  
Total short-term financial assets  1,333,088  602,836  730,252  -  1,333,088  
Trading securities (a)881,450  -  877,073  4,377  881,450  
Loans held-for-sale 126,342  -  6,616  119,726  126,342  
Securities available-for-sale (a) (b)3,929,846  26,434  3,743,496  159,916  3,929,846  
Securities held-to-maturity14,320--15,34915,349
Derivative assets (a)104,365  4,361  100,004  -  104,365  
Other assets:          
Tax credit investments  91,507  -  -  55,406  55,406  
Deferred compensation assets  29,399  29,399  -  -  29,399  
Total other assets  120,906  29,399  -  55,406  84,805  
Nonearning assets:          
Cash & due from banks  300,811  300,811  -  -  300,811  
Fixed income receivables  63,660  -  63,660  -  63,660  
Accrued interest receivable  62,497  -  62,497  -  62,497  
Total nonearning assets  426,968  300,811  126,157  -  426,968  
Total assets$24,413,545  $963,841  $5,583,598  $17,480,530  $24,027,969  
          
Liabilities:          
Deposits:          
Defined maturity  $1,231,876  $-  $1,238,044  $-  $1,238,044  
Undefined maturity  18,735,602  -  18,735,602  -  18,735,602  
Total deposits  19,967,478  -  19,973,646  -  19,973,646  
Trading liabilities (a)566,019  -  566,019  -  566,019  
Short-term financial liabilities:          
Federal funds purchased464,166-464,166-464,166
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase  338,133  -  338,133  -  338,133  
Other short-term borrowings  137,861  -  137,861  -  137,861  
Total short-term financial liabilities  940,160  -  940,160  -  940,160  
Term borrowings:          
Real estate investment trust-preferred  45,964  -  -  49,350  49,350  
Term borrowings - new market tax credit investment  18,000  -  -  17,972  17,972  
Borrowings secured by residential real estate  41,100  -  -  35,469  35,469  
Other long term borrowings  1,207,613  -  1,193,482  -  1,193,482  
Total term borrowings1,312,677-1,193,482102,7911,296,273
Derivative liabilities (a)108,339  3,527  100,002  4,810  108,339  
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities:          
Fixed income payables  23,072  -  23,072  -  23,072  
Accrued interest payable  14,871  -  14,871  -  14,871  
Total other noninterest-bearing liabilities  37,943  -  37,943  -  37,943  
Total liabilities  $22,932,616  $3,527  $22,811,252  $107,601  $22,922,380  

Certain previously reported amounts have been revised to reflect the retroactive effect of the adoption of ASU 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” See Note 1- Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information.

  • Classes are detailed in the recurring and nonrecurring measurement tables.
  • Level 3 includes restricted investments in FHLB-Cincinnati stock of $87.9 million and FRB stock of $65.8 million.

Contractual AmountFair Value
(Dollars in thousands)December 31, 2016December 31, 2015December 31, 2016December 31, 2015
Unfunded Commitments:  
Loan commitments$8,744,649  $7,903,294$2,924  $2,748
Standby and other commitments277,549  279,2724,037  4,421