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Loans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Loans [Abstract]  
Loans

Note 4Loans

The following table provides the balance of loans by portfolio segment as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:
  December 31
(Dollars in thousands)   2016  2015
Commercial:    
Commercial, financial, and industrial  $12,148,087  $10,436,390
Commercial real estate  2,135,523  1,674,935
Consumer:    
Consumer real estate (a)4,523,752  4,766,518
Permanent mortgage423,125  454,123
Credit card & other359,033  354,536
Loans, net of unearned income$19,589,520  $17,686,502
Allowance for loan losses202,068  210,242
Total net loans  $19,387,452  $17,476,260

Balances as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, include $35.9 million and $52.8 million of restricted real estate loans, respectively. See Note 21 - Variable Interest Entities for additional information.

COMPONENTS OF THE LOAN PORTFOLIO

The loan portfolio is disaggregated into segments and then further disaggregated into classes for certain disclosures. GAAP defines a portfolio segment as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. A class is generally determined based on the initial measurement attribute (i.e., amortized cost or purchased credit-impaired), risk characteristics of the loan, and FHN’s method for monitoring and assessing credit risk. Commercial loan portfolio segments include commercial, financial and industrial ("C&I") and commercial real estate ("CRE"). Commercial classes within C&I include general C&I, loans to mortgage companies, the trust preferred loans ("TRUPS") (i.e. long-term unsecured loans to bank and insurance - related businesses) portfolio and purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans. Loans to mortgage companies include commercial lines of credit to qualified mortgage companies primarily for the temporary warehousing of eligible mortgage loans prior to the borrower’s sale of those mortgage loans to third party investors. Commercial classes within CRE include income CRE, residential CRE and PCI loans. Consumer loan portfolio segments include consumer real estate, permanent mortgage, and the credit card and other portfolio. Consumer classes include home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”), real estate ("R/E") installment and PCI loans within the consumer real estate segment, permanent mortgage (which is both a segment and a class), and credit card and other.

Concentrations

FHN has a concentration of residential real estate loans (25 percent of total loans), the majority of which is in the consumer real estate segment (23 percent of total loans). Loans to finance and insurance companies total $2.6 billion (21 percent of the C&I portfolio, or 13 percent of the total loans). FHN had loans to mortgage companies totaling $2.0 billion (17 percent of the C&I segment, or 10 percent of total loans) as of December 31, 2016. As a result, 38 percent of the C&I segment is sensitive to impacts on the financial services industry.

Restrictions

On December 31, 2016, $7.3 billion of commercial loans were pledged to secure potential discount window borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank. Additionally, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, FHN pledged all of its held-to-maturity first and second lien mortgages and HELOCs, excluding restricted real estate loans to secure potential borrowings from the FHLB-Cincinnati. Restricted loans secure borrowings associated with consolidated VIEs. See Note 21 – Variable Interest Entities for additional discussion.

Acquisition

On September 16, 2016, FHN completed its acquisition of franchise finance loans. The acquisition included $537.4 million in unpaid principal balance of loans.

Generally, the fair value for the acquired loans is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) including adjustments for expected credit losses, prepayment speeds, current market rates for similar loans, and an adjustment for investor-required yield given product-type and various risk characteristics.

At acquisition, FHN designated certain loans as PCI with the remaining loans accounted for under ASC 310-20, "Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs." For loans accounted for under ASC 310-20, the difference between each loan’s book value and the estimated fair value at the time of the acquisition will be accreted into interest income over its remaining contractual life and the subsequent accounting and reporting will be similar to a loan in FHN's originated portfolio.

Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans

The following table presents a rollforward of the accretable yield for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:
Years Ended
December 31
(Dollars in thousands)20162015
Balance, beginning of period$8,542$14,714
Additions2,8833,165
Accretion(3,963)(7,184)
Adjustment for payoffs(6,409)(3,513)
Adjustment for charge-offs(674)(466)
Increase in accretable yield (a)6,5251,826
Other(33)-
Balance, end of period$6,871$8,542

Includes changes in the accretable yield due to both transfers from the nonaccretable difference and the impact of changes in the expected timing of the cash flows.

At December 31, 2016, the ALLL related to PCI loans was $.7 million compared to $1.7 million at December 31, 2015. Net charge-offs related to PCI loans during 2016 were $.4 million, compared to $1.1 million in 2015. The loan loss provision credit related to PCI loans was $.5 million during 2016 and 2015.

The following table reflects the outstanding principal balance and carrying amounts of the acquired PCI loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:
December 31, 2016December 31, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)Carrying valueUnpaid balanceCarrying valueUnpaid balance
Commercial, financial and industrial $40,368$41,608$16,063$18,573
Commercial real estate 4,7636,51419,92925,504
Consumer real estate 1,1721,6773,6724,533
Credit card and other 52645276
Total $46,355$49,863$39,716$48,686

Impaired Loans

The following tables provide information at December 31, 2016 and 2015, by class related to individually impaired loans and consumer TDRs, regardless of accrual status. Recorded investment is defined as the amount of the investment in a loan, before valuation allowance but which does reflect any direct write-down of the investment. For purposes of this disclosure, PCI loans and the TRUPs valuation allowance have been excluded.
December 31, 2016
  Unpaid  AverageInterest
RecordedPrincipalRelatedRecordedIncome
(Dollars in thousands)InvestmentBalanceAllowanceInvestmentRecognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded:      
Commercial:      
General C&I$10,419  $16,636  $-$12,009  $-
Income CRE-  -  -1,543  -
Total$10,419  $16,636  $-$13,552  $-
Consumer:      
HELOC (a)$11,383  $21,662  $-$11,168  $-
R/E installment loans (a)3,957  4,992  -4,255  -
Permanent mortgage (a)5,311  7,899  -4,418  -
Total$20,651  $34,553  $-$19,841  $-
Impaired loans with related allowance recorded:      
Commercial:      
General C&I$34,334  $34,470  $3,294$30,836  $902
TRUPS3,209  3,700  9253,274  -
Income CRE1,831  2,209  623,757  70
Residential CRE1,293  1,761  1321,360  22
Total$40,667  $42,140  $4,413$39,227  $994
Consumer:      
HELOC$84,711  $87,126  $15,927$87,659  $2,092
R/E installment loans53,409  54,559  12,87557,906  1,370
Permanent mortgage88,615  100,983  12,47091,838  2,310
Credit card & other306  306  133345  13
Total$227,041  $242,974  $41,405$237,748  $5,785
Total commercial$51,086  $58,776  $4,413$52,779  $994
Total consumer$247,692  $277,527  $41,405$257,589  $5,785
Total impaired loans$298,778  $336,303  $45,818$310,368  $6,779

All discharged bankruptcy loans are charged down to an estimate of net realizable value and do not carry any allowance.

December 31, 2015
  Unpaid  Average  Interest
RecordedPrincipalRelatedRecordedIncome
(Dollars in thousands)InvestmentBalanceAllowanceInvestmentRecognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded:          
Commercial:      
General C&I$6,070  $7,751  $-$9,858  $-
Income CRE2,468  9,389  -4,091  -
Residential CRE-  -  -144  -
Total$8,538  $17,140  $-$14,093  $-
Consumer:      
HELOC (a)$10,819  $27,125  $-$12,069  $-
R/E installment loans (a)4,285  5,525  -4,609  -
Permanent mortgage (a)4,830  6,983  -6,408  -
Total$19,934  $39,633  $-$23,086  $-
Impaired loans with related allowance recorded:      
Commercial:      
General C&I$21,063  $23,335  $2,718$23,824  $1,047
TRUPS3,339  3,700  92512,149  -
Income CRE5,170  6,477  3906,671  148
Residential CRE1,417  1,886  911,488  32
Total$30,989  $35,398  $4,124$44,132  $1,227
Consumer:      
HELOC$89,434  $91,734  $14,392$87,099  $2,137
R/E installment loans61,146  62,148  16,88667,032  1,460
Permanent mortgage97,631  110,259  15,463101,343  1,933
Credit card & other377  382  167434  14
Total$248,588  $264,523  $46,908$255,908  $5,544
Total commercial$39,527  $52,538  $4,124$58,225  $1,227
Total consumer$268,522  $304,156  $46,908$278,994  $5,544
Total impaired loans$308,049  $356,694  $51,032$337,219  $6,771

All discharged bankruptcy loans are charged down to an estimate of net realizable value and do not carry any allowance.

Asset Quality Indicators

FHN employs a dual grade commercial risk grading methodology to assign an estimate for the probability of default ("PD") and the loss given default ("LGD") for each commercial loan using factors specific to various industry, portfolio, or product segments that result in a rank ordering of risk and the assignment of grades PD 1 to PD 16. This credit grading system is intended to identify and measure the credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the migration of loans between grading categories. It is also integral to the estimation methodology utilized in determining the allowance for loan losses since an allowance is established for pools of commercial loans based on the credit grade assigned. Each PD grade corresponds to an estimated one-year default probability percentage; a PD 1 has the lowest expected default probability, and probabilities increase as grades progress down the scale. PD 1 through PD 12 are “pass” grades. PD grades 13-16 correspond to the regulatory-defined categories of special mention (13), substandard (14), doubtful (15), and loss (16). Pass loan grades are required to be reassessed annually or earlier whenever there has been a material change in the financial condition of the borrower or risk characteristics of the relationship. All commercial loans over $1 million and certain commercial loans over $500,000 that are graded 13 or worse are reassessed on a quarterly basis. Loan grading discipline is regularly reviewed internally by Credit Assurance Services to determine if the process continues to result in accurate loan grading across the portfolio. FHN may utilize availability of guarantors/sponsors to support lending decisions during the credit underwriting process and when determining the assignment of internal loan grades. LGD grades are assigned based on a scale of 1-12 and represent FHN’s expected recovery based on collateral type in the event a loan defaults.

The following tables provide the balances of commercial loan portfolio classes with associated allowance, disaggregated by PD grade as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:
December 31, 2016
Loans to      Allowance
GeneralMortgageIncomeResidentialPercentagefor Loan
(Dollars in thousands)C&ICompaniesTRUPS (a)CRECRETotalof TotalLosses
PD Grade:      
1$465,179$-$-$1,078  $-  $466,257  3%$77
2791,183--11,742  87  803,012  6403
3491,386462,486-153,670  -  1,107,542  8304
4978,282332,107-222,422  -  1,532,811  11953
51,232,401275,209-365,653  702  1,873,965  136,670
61,540,519614,109-338,344  9,338  2,502,310  1710,403
71,556,117317,283-352,390  2,579  2,228,369  1614,010
8963,35930,974-425,503  2,950  1,422,786  1025,986
9611,7744,299-105,277  4,417  725,767  513,857
10355,3598,663-50,484  9,110  423,616  38,400
11238,230--20,600  6,541  265,371  26,556
12170,531--15,395  4,168  190,094  16,377
13121,276-304,2366,748  311  432,571  34,225
14,15,16194,57259-16,313  1,659  212,603  120,297
Collectively evaluated for impairment9,710,1682,045,189304,2362,085,619  41,862  14,187,074  99118,518
Individually evaluated for impairment44,753-3,2091,831  1,293  51,086  14,413
Purchased credit-impaired loans40,532--4,58333545,450-319
Total commercial loans$9,795,453$2,045,189$307,445$2,092,033  $43,490  $14,283,610  100%$123,250

December 31, 2015
  Loans to          Allowance
GeneralMortgageIncomeResidentialPercentagefor Loan
(Dollars in thousands)C&ICompaniesTRUPS (a)CRECRETotalof TotalLosses
PD Grade:            
1$564,684$-$-$601  $-  $565,285  5%$130
2598,402--10,267  123  608,792  5320
3502,548415,532-85,021  -  1,003,101  8356
4877,443432,477-157,213  12,125  1,479,258  121,091
51,169,245263,396-221,528  7,308  1,661,477  147,000
61,190,011387,095-388,239  10,377  1,975,722  1610,779
71,474,613155,799-348,703  13,363  1,992,478  1614,410
8797,67915,609-193,338  733  1,007,359  816,520
9453,948--48,599  1,742  504,289  49,644
10253,658--64,728  14,450  332,836  35,327
11190,647--18,825  919  210,391  25,676
1278,463--17,656  4,132  100,251  12,728
13142,690-305,0274,572  259  452,548  45,289
14,15,16120,875--18,793  1,178  140,846  114,229
Collectively evaluated for impairment8,414,906  1,669,908  305,027  1,578,083  66,709  12,034,633  99  93,499
Individually evaluated for impairment27,133-3,3397,638  1,417  39,527  1  4,124
Purchased credit-impaired loans16,077--16,6654,42337,165-1,173
Total commercial loans$8,458,116  $1,669,908  $308,366  $1,602,386  $72,549  $12,111,325  100$98,796

Balances as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, presented net of a $25.5 million valuation allowance. Based on the underlying structure of the notes, the highest possible internal grade is "13".

The consumer portfolio is comprised primarily of smaller-balance loans which are very similar in nature in that most are standard products and are backed by residential real estate. Because of the similarities of consumer loan-types, FHN is able to utilize the Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) score, among other attributes, to assess the credit quality of consumer borrowers. FICO scores are refreshed on a quarterly basis in an attempt to reflect the recent risk profile of the borrowers. Accruing delinquency amounts are indicators of asset quality within the credit card and other consumer portfolio.

The following table reflects the percentage of balances outstanding by average, refreshed FICO scores for the HELOC, real estate installment, and permanent mortgage classes of loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:
December 31, 2016December 31, 2015
HELOCR/E Installment LoansPermanent MortgageHELOCR/E Installment LoansPermanent Mortgage
FICO score greater than or equal to 74056.9%70.3%45.0%55.6%67.6%42.5%
FICO score 720-7398.88.39.59.08.69.8
FICO score 700-7198.66.89.28.77.09.6
FICO score 660-69913.28.417.113.29.618.5
FICO score 620-6595.63.59.16.33.79.8
FICO score less than 620 (a)6.92.710.17.23.59.8
Total100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%

For this group, a majority of the loan balances had FICO scores at the time of the origination that exceeded 620 but have since deteriorated as the loans have seasoned.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

The following table reflects accruing and non-accruing loans by class on December 31, 2016:
Accruing  Non-Accruing  
  30-89  90+      30-89  90+  Total
DaysDaysTotalDaysDaysNon-Total
(Dollars in thousands)Current Past DuePast DueAccruingCurrent Past DuePast DueAccruingLoans
Commercial (C&I):                
General C&I$9,720,231  $5,199  $23  $9,725,453  $16,106  $374  $12,988  $29,468  $9,754,921
Loans to mortgage companies2,041,408  3,722  -  2,045,130  -  -  59  59  2,045,189
TRUPS (a)304,236  -  -  304,236  -  -  3,209  3,209  307,445
Purchased credit-impaired loans40,113  185  234  40,532  -  -  -  -  40,532
Total commercial (C&I)12,105,9889,10625712,115,35116,106  374  16,256  32,73612,148,087
Commercial real estate:                
Income CRE2,085,455  14  -  2,085,469  232  460  1,289  1,981  2,087,450
Residential CRE42,182  178  -  42,360  -  -  795  795  43,155
Purchased credit-impaired loans4,809  109  -  4,918  -  -  -  -  4,918
Total commercial real estate2,132,446301  -2,132,747232  460  2,0842,7762,135,523
Consumer real estate:                
HELOC1,602,640  17,997  10,859  1,631,496  46,964  4,201  8,922  60,087  1,691,583
R/E installment loans2,794,866  7,844  5,158  2,807,868  17,989  2,383  2,353  22,725  2,830,593
Purchased credit-impaired loans1,319  164  93  1,576  -  -  -  -  1,576
Total consumer real estate4,398,825  26,005  16,110  4,440,940  64,953  6,584  11,275  82,812  4,523,752
Permanent mortgage385,972  4,544  5,428  395,944  11,867  2,194  13,120  27,181  423,125
Credit card & other:                
Credit card188,573  1,622  1,456  191,651  -  -  -  -  191,651
Other166,062  992  134  167,188  -  -  142  142  167,330
Purchased credit-impaired loans52--52----52
Total credit card & other354,687  2,614  1,590  358,891  -  -  142  142  359,033
Total loans, net of unearned income$19,377,918  $42,570  $23,385  $19,443,873  $$93,158  $9,612  $$42,877  $$145,647  $$19,589,520

TRUPS is presented net of the valuation allowance of $25.5 million.

The following table reflects accruing and non-accruing loans by class on December 31, 2015:
Accruing  Non-Accruing  
30-8990+30-8990+Total 
   Days  Days  Total     Days  Days  Non-  Total
(Dollars in thousands) CurrentPast DuePast DueAccruingCurrentPast DuePast DueAccruingLoans
Commercial (C&I):
General C&I$8,413,480  $5,411  $282  $8,419,173  $3,649  $1,114  $18,103  $22,866  $8,442,039
Loans to mortgage companies1,667,334  1,971  495  1,669,800  -  -  108  108  1,669,908
TRUPS (a)305,027  -  -  305,027  -  -  3,339  3,339  308,366
Purchased credit-impaired loans15,708  63  306  16,077  -  -  -  -  16,077
Total commercial (C&I)10,401,5497,4451,08310,410,0773,649  1,114  21,550  26,31310,436,390
Commercial real estate:                
Income CRE1,576,954  1,363  -  1,578,317  831  282  6,291  7,404  1,585,721
Residential CRE66,846  -  -  66,846  -  -  1,280  1,280  68,126
Purchased credit-impaired loans17,868  3,059  161  21,088  -  -  -  -  21,088
Total commercial real estate1,661,6684,422  1611,666,251831  282  7,5718,6841,674,935
Consumer real estate:                
HELOC 1,972,286  21,570  10,920  2,004,776  61,317  6,619  10,303  78,239  2,083,015
R/E installment loans2,631,419  9,394  5,657  2,646,470  26,348  1,649  4,856  32,853  2,679,323
Purchased credit-impaired loans4,069  20  91  4,180  -  -  -  -  4,180
Total consumer real estate4,607,774  30,984  16,668  4,655,426  87,665  8,268  15,159  111,092  4,766,518
Permanent mortgage412,879  5,601  3,991  422,471  14,475  2,415  14,762  31,652  454,123
Credit card & other:                
Credit card187,807  1,576  1,225  190,608  -  -  -  -  190,608
Other161,477  868  173  162,518  620  -  737  1,357  163,875
Purchased credit-impaired loans53--53----53
Total credit card & other349,337  2,444  1,398  353,179  620  -  737  1,357  354,536
Total loans, net of unearned income$17,433,207  $50,896  $23,301  $17,507,404  $107,240  $12,079  $59,779  $179,098  $17,686,502

TRUPS is presented net of the valuation allowance of $25.5 million.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

As part of FHN’s ongoing risk management practices, FHN attempts to work with borrowers when necessary to extend or modify loan terms to better align with their current ability to repay. Extensions and modifications to loans are made in accordance with internal policies and guidelines which conform to regulatory guidance. Each occurrence is unique to the borrower and is evaluated separately.

A modification is classified as a TDR if the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and it is determined that FHN has granted a concession to the borrower. FHN may determine that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty if the borrower is currently in default on any of its debt, or if it is probable that a borrower may default in the foreseeable future. Many aspects of a borrower’s financial situation are assessed when determining whether they are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions could include extension of the maturity date, reductions of the interest rate (which may make the rate lower than current market for a new loan with similar risk), reduction or forgiveness of accrued interest, or principal forgiveness. The assessments of whether a borrower is experiencing (or is likely to experience) financial difficulty, and whether a concession has been granted, are subjective in nature and management’s judgment is required when determining whether a modification is classified as a TDR.

For all classes within the commercial portfolio segment, TDRs are typically modified through forbearance agreements (generally 6 to 12 months). Forbearance agreements could include reduced interest rates, reduced payments, release of guarantor, or entering into short sale agreements. FHN’s proprietary modification programs for consumer loans are generally structured using parameters of U.S. government-sponsored programs such as the former Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”). Within the HELOC and R/E installment loans classes of the consumer portfolio segment, TDRs are typically modified by reducing the interest rate (in increments of 25 basis points to a minimum of 1 percent for up to 5 years) and a possible maturity date extension to reach an affordable housing debt-to-income ratio. After 5 years, the interest rate generally returns to the original interest rate prior to modification; for certain modifications, the modified interest rate increases 2 percent per year until the original interest rate prior to modification is achieved. Permanent mortgage TDRs are typically modified by reducing the interest rate (in increments of 25 basis points to a minimum of 2 percent for up to 5 years) and a possible maturity date extension to reach an affordable housing debt-to-income ratio. After 5 years, the interest rate steps up 1 percent every year until it reaches the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Weekly Survey Rate cap. Contractual maturities may be extended to 40 years on permanent mortgages and to 30 years for consumer real estate loans. Within the credit card class of the consumer portfolio segment, TDRs are typically modified through either a short-term credit card hardship program or a longer-term credit card workout program. In the credit card hardship program, borrowers may be granted rate and payment reductions for 6 months to 1 year. In the credit card workout program, customers are granted a rate reduction to 0 percent and term extensions for up to 5 years to pay off the remaining balance.

Despite the absence of a loan modification, the discharge of personal liability through bankruptcy proceedings is considered a concession. As a result, FHN classifies all non-reaffirmed residential real estate loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy as nonaccruing TDRs.

On December 31, 2016 and 2015, FHN had $285.2 million and $296.2 million portfolio loans classified as TDRs, respectively. For TDRs in the loan portfolio, FHN had loan loss reserves of $44.9 million and $50.1 million, or 16 percent as of December 31, 2016, and 17 percent as of December 31, 2015. Additionally, $69.3 million and $71.5 million of loans held-for-sale as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, were classified as TDRs.

The following tables reflect portfolio loans that were classified as TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:
20162015
  Pre-Modification  Post-ModificationPre-ModificationPost-Modification
OutstandingOutstandingOutstandingOutstanding
(Dollars in thousands) NumberRecorded InvestmentRecorded InvestmentNumberRecorded InvestmentRecorded Investment
Commercial (C&I):        
General C&I8  $23,876  $22,0263  $1,818  $1,754
Total commercial (C&I)8  23,876  22,0263  1,818  1,754
Commercial real estate:        
Income CRE1  100  99-  -  -
Total commercial real estate1  100  99-  -  -
Consumer real estate:        
HELOC 236  21,173  20,937200  22,530  22,334
R/E installment loans51  4,918  5,19370  5,451  5,456
Total consumer real estate287  26,091  26,130270  27,981  27,790
Permanent mortgage 13  4,811  4,8026  2,039  2,054
Credit card & other23  116  11024115  109
Total troubled debt restructurings332  $54,994  $53,167303  $31,953  $31,707

The following tables present TDRs which re-defaulted during 2016 and 2015, and as to which the modification occurred 12 months or less prior to the re-default. For purposes of this disclosure, FHN generally defines payment default as 30 or more days past due.
20162015
  RecordedRecorded
(Dollars in thousands)NumberInvestmentNumberInvestment
Commercial (C&I):    
General C&I1  $77  -  $-
Total commercial (C&I)1  77  -  -
Commercial real estate:    
Residential CRE-  -  1  896
Total commercial real estate-  -  1  896
Consumer real estate:    
HELOC3  154  7  308
R/E installment loans3  1,560  5  185
Total consumer real estate6  1,714  12  493
Credit card & other-  -  5  12
Total troubled debt restructurings7  $1,791  18  $1,401