Investment Securities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Investment Securities

Investment Securities

2. Investment Securities

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, investment securities consisted predominantly of the following investment categories:

U.S. Treasury and debt securities – includes U.S. Treasury notes and debt securities issued by government agencies.

Mortgage-backed securities – includes securities backed by notes or receivables secured by mortgage assets with cash flows based on actual or scheduled payments.

Collateralized mortgage obligations – includes securities backed by a pool of mortgages with cash flows distributed based on certain rules rather than pass through payments.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, all of the Company’s investment securities were classified as available-for-sale. Amortized cost and fair value of securities as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:

	March 31, 2021								December 31, 2020
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair		Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value		Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
U.S. Treasury and government agency debt securities	$	177,745	$	447	$	(2,468)	$	175,724	$	170,123	$	1,359	$	(61)	$	171,421
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential - Government agency		129,908		3,986		—		133,894		155,169		5,293		—		160,462
Residential - Government-sponsored enterprises		797,426		10,867		(7,373)		800,920		434,282		13,643		(725)		447,200
Commercial - Government agency		523,293		8,068		(3,845)		527,516		583,232		16,537		(119)		599,650
Commercial - Government-sponsored enterprises		1,180,034		1,676		(47,535)		1,134,175		931,095		9,045		(7,983)		932,157
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Government agency		1,818,181		29,899		(2,982)		1,845,098		1,902,326		32,246		(1,019)		1,933,553
Government-sponsored enterprises		2,081,844		15,537		(22,229)		2,075,152		1,808,804		18,991		(823)		1,826,972
Total available-for-sale securities	$	6,708,431	$	70,480	$	(86,432)	$	6,692,479	$	5,985,031	$	97,114	$	(10,730)	$	6,071,415

Accrued interest receivable related to available-for-sale investment securities was $11.3 million and $10.6 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and is recorded separately from the amortized cost basis of investment securities on the Company’s interim consolidated balance sheets.

Proceeds from calls and sales of investment securities were $0.1 million and nil for the three months ended March 31, 2021, respectively. Proceeds from calls and sales of investment securities were $75.0 million and $3.5 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The Company recorded gross realized gains of nil and gross realized losses of nil for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The Company recorded gross realized gains of $0.1 million and gross realized losses of nil for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The income tax benefit related to the Company’s net realized loss on the sale of investment securities was nil during the three months ended March 31, 2021. The income tax expense related to the net realized gains on the sale of investment securities was nil for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Gains and losses realized on sales of securities are determined using the specific identification method.

Interest income from taxable investment securities was $22.1 million and $21.2 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. Interest income from non-taxable investment securities was $1.0 million and nil, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and government agencies as of March 31, 2021, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are disclosed separately in the table below as remaining expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities as borrowers have the right to prepay obligations.

	March 31, 2021
	Amortized		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Value
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years		41,513		41,878
Due after five years through ten years		83,988		83,461
Due after ten years		52,244		50,385
		177,745		175,724
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential - Government agency		129,908		133,894
Residential - Government-sponsored enterprises		797,426		800,920
Commercial - Government agency		523,293		527,516
Commercial - Government-sponsored enterprises		1,180,034		1,134,175
Total mortgage-backed securities		2,630,661		2,596,505
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Government agency		1,818,181		1,845,098
Government-sponsored enterprises		2,081,844		2,075,152
Total collateralized mortgage obligations		3,900,025		3,920,250
Total available-for-sale securities	$	6,708,431	$	6,692,479

At March 31, 2021, pledged securities totaled $2.6 billion, of which $2.4 billion was pledged to secure public deposits and $184.2 million was pledged to secure other financial transactions. At December 31, 2020, pledged securities totaled $2.4 billion, of which $2.3 billion was pledged to secure public deposits and $186.1 million was pledged to secure other financial transactions.

The Company held no securities of any single issuer, other than debt securities issued by the U.S. government, government agencies and government-sponsored enterprises, taken in the aggregate, which were in excess of 10% of stockholders’ equity as of March 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.

The following tables present the unrealized gross losses and fair values of securities in the available-for-sale portfolio by length of time that the 145 and 50 individual securities in each category have been in a continuous loss position as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The unrealized losses on investment securities were attributable to changes in interest rates, relative to when the investment securities were purchased, and not due to the credit quality of the investment securities.

	Time in Continuous Loss as of March 31, 2021
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
(dollars in thousands)	Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasury and government agency debt securities	$	(2,468)	$	121,457	$	—	$	—	$	(2,468)	$	121,457
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential - Government-sponsored enterprises		(7,373)		511,463		—		—		(7,373)		511,463
Commercial - Government agency		(3,845)		248,776		—		—		(3,845)		248,776
Commercial - Government-sponsored enterprises		(47,535)		898,725		—		—		(47,535)		898,725
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Government agency		(2,974)		370,875		(8)		5,020		(2,982)		375,895
Government-sponsored enterprises		(22,229)		1,036,086		—		—		(22,229)		1,036,086
Total available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses	$	(86,424)	$	3,187,382	$	(8)	$	5,020	$	(86,432)	$	3,192,402

	Time in Continuous Loss as of December 31, 2020
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
(dollars in thousands)	Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasury and government agency debt securities	$	(61)	$	38,507	$	—	$	—	$	(61)	$	38,507
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential - Government-sponsored enterprises		(725)		64,987		—		—		(725)		64,987
Commercial - Government agency		(119)		32,346		—		—		(119)		32,346
Commercial - Government-sponsored enterprises		(7,983)		427,759		—		—		(7,983)		427,759
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Government agency		(994)		209,124		(25)		6,190		(1,019)		215,314
Government-sponsored enterprises		(823)		296,160		—		—		(823)		296,160
Total available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses	$	(10,705)	$	1,068,883	$	(25)	$	6,190	$	(10,730)	$	1,075,073

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company did not have any securities with the intent to sell and determined it was more likely than not that the Company would not be required to sell the securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis. As the Company had the intent and ability to hold the remaining securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, each security with an unrealized loss position in the above tables has been further assessed to determine if a credit loss exists. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company did not expect any credit losses in its debt securities and no credit losses were recognized on securities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and for the year ended December 31, 2020.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities were comprised entirely of debt, mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by the U.S. Government and its agencies. Management has concluded that the long history with no credit losses from these issuers indicates an expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is zero. The Company’s available-for-sale investment securities are explicitly or implicitly fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. The U.S. government can print its own currency and its currency is routinely held by central banks and other major financial institutions. The dollar is used in international commerce, and commonly is viewed as a reserve currency, all of which qualitatively indicates that historical credit loss information should be minimally affected by current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Thus, the Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses for its available-for-sale debt securities as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Visa Class B Restricted Shares

In 2008, the Company received 394,000 Visa Class B restricted shares as part of Visa’s IPO. Visa Class B restricted shares are not currently convertible to publicly traded Visa Class A common shares, and only transferable in limited circumstances, until the settlement of certain litigation which are indemnified by Visa members, including the Company. As there are existing transfer restrictions and the outcome of the aforementioned litigation is uncertain, these shares were included in the consolidated balance sheets at their historical cost of $0.

In 2016, the Company recorded a $22.7 million net realized gain related to the sale of 274,000 Visa Class B restricted shares. Concurrent with the sale of the Visa Class B restricted shares, the Company entered into an agreement with the buyer that requires payment to the buyer in the event Visa reduces each member bank’s Class B conversion rate to unrestricted Class A common shares. On June 28, 2018, Visa additionally funded its litigation escrow account, thereby reducing each member bank’s Class B conversion rate to unrestricted Class A common shares. Accordingly, on July 5, 2018, Visa announced a decrease in conversion rate from 1.6483 to 1.6298, effective June 28, 2018. In July 2018, the Company made a payment of approximately $0.7 million to the buyer as a result of the reduction in the Visa Class B conversion rate.  On September 27, 2019, Visa additionally funded its litigation escrow account, thereby further reducing each member bank’s Class B conversion rate to unrestricted Class A common shares. Accordingly, on September 30, 2019, Visa announced a decrease in conversion rate from 1.6298 to 1.6228, effective September 27, 2019. In October 2019, the Company made a payment of approximately $0.3 million to the buyer as a result of the reduction in the Visa Class B conversion rate. See “Note 11. Derivative Financial Instruments” for more information.

The Company held approximately 120,000 Visa Class B restricted shares as of both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. These shares continued to be carried at $0 cost basis as of both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.