As part of managing interest rate risk, the Company enters into interest rate swap agreements to modify the repricing characteristics of certain portions of the Company’s portfolios of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The Company designates interest rate swap agreements utilized in the management of interest rate risk as either fair value hedges or cash flow hedges. Interest rate swap agreements are generally entered into with counterparties that meet established credit standards and most contain master netting, collateral and/or settlement provisions protecting the at-risk party. Based on adherence to the Company’s credit standards and the presence of the netting, collateral or settlement provisions, the Company believes that the credit risk inherent in these contracts was not material as of December 31, 2021.

The net effect of interest rate swap agreements was to increase net interest income by $287 million 2021 and $312 million in 2020 , and to decrease net interest income by $2 million in 2019.

Information about interest rate swap agreements entered into for interest rate risk management purposes summarized by type of financial instrument the swap agreements were intended to hedge follows:


					Weighted-						Estimated
	Notional		Average		Average Rate						Fair Value
	Amount		Maturity		Fixed			Variable			Gain (Loss) (a)
	(In thousands)		(In years)								(In thousands)
December 31, 2021
Fair value hedges:
Fixed rate long-term borrowings (b)	$	1,650,000		2.3		2.86	%		0.74	%	$	41
Cash flow hedges:
Interest payments on variable rate commercial real estate loans (b)(c)		21,700,000		0.6		1.24	%		0.09	%		(248	)
Total	$	23,350,000		0.7							$	(207	)
December 31, 2020
Fair value hedges:
Fixed rate long-term borrowings (b)	$	1,650,000		3.3		2.86	%		0.79	%	$	651
Cash flow hedges:
Interest payments on variable rate commercial real estate loans (b)(d)		49,400,000		0.9		2.22	%		0.15	%		425
Total	$	51,050,000		1.0							$	1,076

The notional amount of interest rate swap agreements entered into for risk management purposes that were outstanding at December 31, 2021 mature as follows:

The Company utilizes commitments to sell residential and commercial real estate loans to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of real estate loans held for sale. Such commitments have generally been designated as fair value hedges. The Company also utilizes commitments to sell real estate loans to offset the exposure to changes in fair value of certain commitments to originate real estate loans for sale.

Derivative financial instruments used for trading account purposes included interest rate contracts, foreign exchange and other option contracts, foreign exchange forward and spot contracts, and financial futures. Interest rate contracts entered into for trading account purposes had notional

values of $32.6 billion and $37.8 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The notional amounts of foreign currency and other option and futures contracts entered into for trading account purposes aggregated $1.1 billion and $776 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Information about the fair values of derivative instruments in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statement of income follows:

	Asset Derivatives				Liability Derivatives
	Fair Value				Fair Value
	December 31,		December 31,		December 31,		December 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Derivatives designated and qualifying as hedging instruments
Interest rate swap agreements (a)	$	258	$	1,968	$	465	$	892
Commitments to sell real estate loans (a)		4,044		1,488		548		8,458
		4,302		3,456		1,013		9,350
Derivatives not designated and qualifying as hedging instruments
Mortgage-related commitments to originate real estate loans for sale (a)		11,728		43,599		5,288		365
Commitments to sell real estate loans (a)		8,137		2,409		4,108		13,868
Trading:
Interest rate contracts (b)		410,056		1,008,913		76,278		105,768
Foreign exchange and other option and futures contracts (b)		8,230		9,608		7,156		11,134
		438,151		1,064,529		92,830		131,135
Total derivatives	$	442,453	$	1,067,985	$	93,843	$	140,485

	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized
	Year Ended December 31, 2021					Year Ended December 31, 2020					Year Ended December 31, 2019
	Derivative			Hedged Item		Derivative		Hedged Item			Derivative		Hedged Item
	(In thousands)
Derivatives in fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate swap agreements:
Fixed rate long-term borrowings (a)	$	(58,599	)	$	57,716	$	57,611	$	(57,686	)	$	95,006	$	(94,742	)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Trading:
Interest rate contracts (b)	$	(11,268	)			$	6,344				$	24,701
Foreign exchange and other option and futures contracts (b)		9,064					7,363					8,511
Total	$	(2,204	)			$	13,707				$	33,212

The amount of interest income recognized in the consolidated statement of income associated with derivatives designated as cash flow hedges was $252 million and $272 million for 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the unrealized gain recognized in other comprehensive income related to cash flow hedges was $88 million, of which $65 million and $23 million relate to interest rate swap agreements maturing in 2022 and 2023, respectively.

The Company also has commitments to sell and commitments to originate residential and commercial real estate loans that are considered derivatives. The Company designates certain of the commitments to sell real estate loans as fair value hedges of real estate loans held for sale. The Company also utilizes commitments to sell real estate loans to offset the exposure to changes in the fair value of certain commitments to originate real estate loans for sale. As a result of these activities, net unrealized pre-tax gains related to hedged loans held for sale, commitments to originate loans for sale and commitments to sell loans were approximately $24 million and $64 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Changes in unrealized gains and losses are included in mortgage banking revenues and, in general, are realized in subsequent periods as the related loans are sold and commitments satisfied.

The Company does not offset derivative asset and liability positions in its consolidated financial statements. The Company’s exposure to credit risk by entering into derivative contracts is mitigated through master netting agreements and collateral posting or settlement requirements. Master netting agreements covering interest rate and foreign exchange contracts with the same party include a right to set-off that becomes enforceable in the event of default, early termination or under other specific conditions.

The aggregate fair value of derivative financial instruments in a liability position, which are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, was $35 million and $114 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company was required to post collateral relating to those positions of $33 million and $103 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Certain of the Company’s derivative financial instruments contain provisions that require the Company to maintain specific credit ratings from credit rating agencies to avoid higher collateral posting requirements. If the Company’s debt ratings were to fall below specified ratings, the counterparties of the derivative financial instruments could demand immediate incremental collateralization on those instruments in a net liability position. The aggregate fair value of all derivative financial instruments with such credit risk-related contingent features in a net liability position on December 31, 2021 was not material.

The aggregate fair value of derivative financial instruments in an asset position with counterparties, which are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, was $7 million and $3 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Counterparties posted collateral relating to those positions of $6 million and $3 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Trading

account interest rate swap agreements entered into with customers are subject to the Company’s credit risk standards and often contain collateral provisions.

In addition to the derivative contracts noted above, the Company clears certain derivative transactions through a clearinghouse, rather than directly with counterparties. Those transactions cleared through a clearinghouse require initial margin collateral and variation margin payments depending on the contracts being in a net asset or liability position. The amount of initial margin collateral posted by the Company was $132 million and $135 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The fair value asset and liability amounts of derivative contracts have been reduced by variation margin payments treated as settlements as described herein. Variation margin on derivative contracts not treated as settlements continues to represent collateral posted or received by the Company. In conjunction with changes made by the clearinghouse to prepare for reference rate reform, the Company changed the discount rate index used to value interest rate swaps from the Federal Funds Overnight Index swap rate to the Secured Overnight Financial Rate in October 2020. The change did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.