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Recent accounting developments
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Accounting Changes And Error Corrections [Abstract]  
Recent accounting developments

 

16. Recent accounting developments

Effective January 1, 2017, the Company adopted amended accounting guidance for share-based transactions.  The most significant aspect of the amended guidance that affects the Company requires that all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies be recognized in income tax expense in the income statement and that such amounts be recognized in the period in which the tax deduction arises or in the period in which an expiration of an award occurs.  The adoption of this guidance resulted in an $18 million reduction of income tax expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2017, that under previous accounting guidance would have been recognized directly in shareholders’ equity.  The amended accounting guidance did not have a significant impact on income tax expense in the three-month period ended June 30, 2017.

 

Effective January 2017, the Company also adopted amended accounting guidance for the transition to the equity method of accounting.  The amended guidance eliminates the requirement that when an investment qualifies for use of the equity method as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence, an investor must adjust the investment, results of operations, and retained earnings retroactively on a step-by-step basis as if the equity method has been in effect during all previous periods that the investment had been held.  Instead, the amended guidance requires the investor to adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investment first qualifies for such accounting.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

 

In January 2017, the Company adopted two amendments to the accounting guidance for derivatives and hedging.  The first amendment clarifies that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as the hedging instrument does not, in and of itself, require dedesignation of that hedging relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria continue to be met.  The second amendment clarifies the requirements for assessing whether contingent call (put) options that can accelerate the payment of principal on debt instruments are clearly and closely related to their debt hosts.  An entity performing the assessment is required to assess the embedded call (put) options solely in accordance with a four-step decision sequence and no longer has to assess whether the event that triggers the ability to exercise the option is related to interest rates or credit risks.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

 

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued amended guidance relating to which changes to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting.  The guidance requires an entity to account for the effects of a modification unless all the following criteria are met: (1) the fair value of the modified award is the same as the fair value of the original award immediately before the original award was modified.  If the modification does not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to estimate the value immediately before and after the modification; (2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award was modified; and (3) the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award was modified.  The guidance is effective for annual periods; and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and should be applied on a prospective basis to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

 

16. Recent accounting developments, continued

In March 2017, the FASB issued amended guidance requiring the premium on callable debt securities held at a premium to be amortized to the earliest call date.  The amendments do not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity.  The guidance is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted.  If adopted in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period.  The amendments should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In March 2017, the FASB issued amended guidance requiring the service cost component of the net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost to be reported in the same line item or items in the income statement as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period (except for the amount being capitalized, if appropriate).  The amendments also require disclosure of the line item(s) used in the income statement to present the components other than the service cost component if the other components are not presented in a separate line item or items in the income statement. The guidance is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, using a retrospective transition method for the presentation of the service cost and other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the income statement.  The capitalization of the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost would be applied using a prospective transition method.  The amendments allow for a practical expedient that permits the use of the amounts disclosed in the Company’s pension and other postretirement benefit plan note for the prior comparative periods as the estimation basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirements.  The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In January 2017, the FASB issued amended guidance eliminating step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amendments to the guidance, an entity should perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The loss recognized, however, should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable.  The guidance is effective for annual periods or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019 using a prospective transition method. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements, unless at some point in the future one of its reporting units were to fail step 1 of the goodwill impairment test.

 

In January 2017, the FASB issued amended guidance clarifying the definition of a business for purposes of evaluating whether transactions would be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments provide a screen to determine when a set of assets and activities (collectively referred to as a “set”) is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar assets, the set is not a business. If the screen is not met, the amendments (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output, and (2) remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The guidance is effective for annual
periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 using a prospective  transition method. The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

16. Recent accounting developments, continued

 

In November 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance for the presentation of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows.  The guidance requires that restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows.  In addition, when cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents are presented in more than one line item within the statement of financial position, the line items and amounts must be presented on the face of the statement of cash flows or disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.  Information about the nature of restrictions on an entity’s cash and cash equivalents must also be disclosed.  The guidance is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, using a retrospective transition method.  The Company is evaluating the impact the guidance may have on the presentation of its consolidated statement of cash flows.

 

In August 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance for how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows.  The guidance addresses the following eight specific cash flow issues: (1) cash payments for debt extinguishment costs should be classified as cash outflows for financing activities; (2) for zero-coupon debt instruments, the portion of the cash payment attributable to the accreted interest should be classified as a cash outflow for operating activities; (3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination should be classified based on the timing of the payment; (4) cash proceeds received from the settlement of insurance claims should be classified on the basis of the related insurance coverage; (5)  cash proceeds received from the settlement of corporate-owned and bank-owned life insurance policies should be classified as cash inflows from investing activities; (6) when the equity method is applied, an accounting policy election should be made to classify distributions received using either the cumulative earnings approach or the nature of the distribution approach; (7) cash receipts from payments on a transferor’s beneficial interests obtained in a securitization of financial assets should be classified as cash inflows from investing activities; and (8) the classification of cash receipts and payments that have aspects of more than one class of cash flows should be determined by applying specific guidance in GAAP.  The guidance is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  The Company is evaluating the impact the guidance may have on the presentation within its consolidated statement of cash flows.

 

In June 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance for the measurement of credit losses on certain financial assets. The amended guidance requires financial assets measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected.  The allowance for credit losses will represent a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present their net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected. The income statement will reflect the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets as well as expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. When determining the allowance, expected credit losses over the contractual term of the financial asset(s) (taking into account prepayments) will be estimated considering relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectibility of the reported amount.  The amended guidance also requires recording an allowance for credit losses for purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination.  The initial allowance for these assets will be added to the purchase price at acquisition rather than being reported as an expense.  Subsequent changes in the allowance will be recorded through the income statement as an expense adjustment.  In addition, the amended guidance requires credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. The calculation of credit losses for available-for-sale securities will be similar to how it is determined under existing guidance.  The guidance is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after

December 15, 2019.  The Company is assessing the new guidance to determine what modifications to existing credit estimation processes may be required.  The Company expects that the new guidance will result in an increase in its allowance for credit losses as a result of considering credit losses over the expected life of its loan portfolios. Increases in the level of the allowance for credit losses will also reflect new requirements to include the

16. Recent accounting developments, continued

nonaccretable principal difference on purchased credit impaired loans and estimated credit losses on investment securities classified as held-to-maturity, if any.  The Company is still evaluating the extent of the increase to the allowance for credit losses and the impact to its financial statements. 

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance related to the accounting for leases.  The core principle of the guidance is that all leases create an asset and a liability for the lessee and, therefore, lease assets and lease liabilities should be recognized in the balance sheet.  Lease assets will be recognized as a right-of-use asset and lease liabilities will be recognized as a liability to make lease payments.  While the guidance requires all leases to be recognized in the balance sheet, there continues to be a differentiation between finance leases and operating leases for purposes of income statement recognition and cash flow statement presentation.  For finance leases, interest on the lease liability and amortization of the right-of-use asset will be recognized separately in the statement of income.  Repayments of principal on those lease liabilities will be classified within financing activities and payments of interest on the lease liability will be classified within operating activities in the statement of cash flows.  For operating leases, a single lease cost is recognized in the statement of income and allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis.  All cash payments are presented within operating activities in the statement of cash flows.  The accounting applied by lessors is largely unchanged from existing GAAP, however, the guidance eliminates the accounting model for leveraged leases for leases that commence after the effective date of the guidance.  The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company occupies certain banking offices and uses certain equipment under noncancelable operating lease agreements, which currently are not reflected in its consolidated balance sheet.  Upon adoption of the guidance, the Company expects to report increased assets and increased liabilities as a result of recognizing right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet. The Company was committed to $467  million of minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating lease agreements at December 31, 2016.  The Company does not expect the new guidance will have a material impact to its consolidated statement of income.

 

In January 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance related to recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities. The amended guidance requires that equity investments (excluding those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. An entity can elect to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values is simplified by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. When a qualitative assessment indicates impairment exists, an entity is required to measure the investment at fair value. The guidance eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet. Further, the guidance requires public entities to use the exit price when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. The guidance also requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income, a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure a liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option. Separate presentation of financial assets and liabilities by measurement category and type of instrument on the balance sheet or accompanying notes to the financial statements is required. The guidance also clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity’s other deferred tax assets. This guidance is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is still evaluating the impact the guidance could

have on its consolidated financial statements. The Company does hold certain equity securities in its available-for-sale portfolio.  Upon adoption of this guidance, fair value changes in such equity securities will be recognized in the consolidated statement of income as opposed to accumulated other comprehensive income where they are recognized under current accounting guidance.

16. Recent accounting developments, continued

In May 2014, the FASB issued amended accounting and disclosure guidance for revenue from contracts with customers. The core principle of the accounting guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The guidance also specifies the accounting for some costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer. The amended disclosure guidance requires sufficient information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The amended guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The guidance should be applied either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying this guidance recognized at the date of initial application (the “modified retrospective approach”).  At present, the Company expects to adopt the revenue recognition guidance in the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective approach.  A significant amount of the Company’s revenues are derived from net interest income on financial assets and liabilities, which are excluded from the scope of the amended guidance.  With respect to noninterest income, the Company has identified revenue streams within the scope of the guidance, and is performing an evaluation of the underlying revenue contracts.  To date, the Company has not yet identified any material changes in the timing of revenue recognition when considering the amended accounting guidance, however, the Company’s implementation efforts are ongoing and such assessments may change prior to the January 1, 2018 implementation date.