Derivative Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments

 Note  13    Derivative Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into derivative transactions to manage various risks and to accommodate the business requirements of its customers. The Company recognizes all derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value in other assets or in other liabilities. On the date the Company enters into a derivative contract, the derivative is designated as either a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, net investment hedge, or a designation is not made as it is a customer-related transaction, an economic hedge for asset/liability risk management purposes or another stand-alone derivative created through the Company’s operations (“free-standing derivative”). When a derivative is designated as a fair value, cash flow or net investment hedge, the Company performs an assessment, at inception and, at a minimum, quarterly thereafter, to determine the effectiveness of the derivative in offsetting changes in the value or cash flows of the hedged item(s).

Fair Value Hedges These derivatives are interest rate swaps the Company uses to hedge the change in fair value related to interest rate changes of its underlying available-for-sale investment securities and fixed-rate debt. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as fair value hedges, and changes in the fair value of the hedged items, are recorded in earnings.

Cash Flow Hedges These derivatives are interest rate swaps the Company uses to hedge the forecasted cash flows from its underlying variable-rate loans and debt. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) until the cash flows of the hedged items are realized. If a derivative designated as a cash flow hedge is terminated or ceases to be highly effective, the gain or loss in other comprehensive income (loss) is amortized to earnings over the period the forecasted hedged transactions impact earnings. If a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable, hedge accounting is ceased and any gain or loss included in other comprehensive income (loss) is reported in earnings immediately, unless the forecasted transaction is at least reasonably possible of occurring, whereby the amounts remain within other comprehensive income (loss). At March 31, 2023, the Company had $43 million (net-of-tax) of realized and unrealized gains on derivatives classified as cash flow hedges recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), compared with $114 million (net-of-tax) of realized and unrealized losses at December 31, 2022. The estimated amount to be reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings during the next 12 months is a gain of $31 million (net-of-tax). All cash flow hedges were highly effective for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Net Investment Hedges The Company uses forward commitments to sell specified amounts of certain foreign currencies, and non-derivative debt instruments, to hedge the volatility of its net investment in foreign operations driven by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The carrying amount of non-derivative debt instruments designated as net investment hedges was $1.3 billion at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Other Derivative Positions The Company enters into free-standing derivatives to mitigate interest rate risk and for other risk management purposes. These derivatives include forward commitments to sell to-be-announced securities (“TBAs”) and other commitments to sell residential mortgage loans, which are used to economically hedge the interest rate risk related to mortgage loans held for sale (“MLHFS”) and unfunded mortgage loan commitments. The Company also enters into interest rate swaps, swaptions, forward commitments to buy TBAs, U.S. Treasury and Eurodollar futures and options on U.S. Treasury futures to economically hedge the change in the fair value of the Company’s MSRs. The Company also enters into foreign currency forwards to economically hedge remeasurement gains and losses the Company recognizes on foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. In addition, the Company acts as a seller and buyer of interest rate derivatives and foreign exchange contracts for its customers. The Company mitigates the market and liquidity risk associated with these customer derivatives by entering into similar offsetting positions with broker-dealers, or on a portfolio basis by entering into other derivative or non-derivative financial instruments that partially or fully offset the exposure to earnings from these customer-related positions. The Company’s customer derivatives and related hedges are monitored and reviewed by the Company’s Market Risk Committee, which establishes policies for market risk management, including exposure limits for each portfolio. The Company also has derivative contracts that are created through its operations, including certain unfunded mortgage loan commitments and swap agreements related to the sale of a portion of its Class B common and preferred shares of Visa Inc. Refer to Note 15 for further information on these swap agreements. The Company may use credit derivatives economically to hedge credit risk.

The following table summarizes the asset and liability management derivative positions of the Company:

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Notional Value		Fair Value				Notional Value		Fair Value
(Dollars in Millions)			Assets		Liabilities				Assets		Liabilities
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts
Receive fixed/pay floating swaps	$	17,400	$	—	$	—	$	17,400	$	—	$	9
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps		13,564		—		—		5,542		—		—
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate contracts
Receive fixed/pay floating swaps		18,800		—		—		14,300		—		—
Net investment hedges
Foreign exchange forward contracts		784		—		9		778		—		—
Other economic hedges
Interest rate contracts
Futures and forwards
Buy		8,120		29		15		3,546		10		18
Sell		6,891		12		32		7,522		20		38
Options
Purchased		14,109		344		—		11,434		346		—
Written		10,295		20		159		7,849		7		148
Receive fixed/pay floating swaps		8,504		1		—		9,215		—		3
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps		9,190		—		—		9,616		—		—
Foreign exchange forward contracts		1,124		2		7		962		2		6
Equity contracts		361		6		7		361		—		10
Credit contracts		375		1		—		330		—		—
Other (a)		2,140		12		158		1,908		11		190
Total	$	111,657	$	427	$	387	$	90,763	$	396	$	422

(a) Includes derivative liability swap agreements related to the sale of a portion of the Company’s Class B common and preferred shares of Visa Inc. The Visa swap agreements had a total notional value and fair value of $1.8 billion and $157 million at March 31, 2023, respectively, compared to $1.8 billion and $190 million at December 31, 2022, respectively. In addition, includes short-term underwriting purchase and sale commitments with total notional values of $250 million at March 31, 2023, and $13 million at December 31, 2022.

The following table summarizes the customer-related derivative positions of the Company:

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Notional Value		Fair Value				Notional Value		Fair Value
(Dollars in Millions)			Assets		Liabilities				Assets		Liabilities
Interest rate contracts
Receive fixed/pay floating swaps	$	314,593	$	576	$	4,527	$	301,690	$	309	$	5,689
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps		325,360		2,005		329		316,133		2,323		206
Other (a)		53,267		3		32		40,261		3		16
Options
Purchased		113,374		1,551		9		103,489		1,794		5
Written		111,689		12		1,545		99,923		6		1,779
Futures
Buy		417		—		—		3,623		—		4
Sell		—		—		—		2,376		8		—
Foreign exchange rate contracts
Forwards, spots and swaps		129,301		2,638		2,196		134,666		3,010		2,548
Options
Purchased		1,211		28		—		954		22		—
Written		1,211		—		28		954		—		22
Credit contracts		11,066		1		8		10,765		1		8
Total	$	1,061,489	$	6,814	$	8,674	$	1,014,834	$	7,476	$	10,277

(a) Primarily represents floating rate interest rate swaps that pay based on differentials between specified interest rate indexes.

The table below shows the effective portion of the gains (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) and the gains (losses) reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings (net-of-tax) for the three months ended March 31:

	Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Gains (Losses) Reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Earnings
(Dollars in Millions)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Asset and Liability Management Positions
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate contracts	$	151		$	—		$	(6	)	$	(8	)
Net investment hedges
Foreign exchange forward contracts		(3	)		(1	)		—			—
Non-derivative debt instruments		(18	)		20			—			—

Note: The Company does not exclude components from effectiveness testing for cash flow and net investment hedges.

The table below shows the effect of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on the Consolidated Statement of Income for the three months ended March 31:

	Interest Income						Interest Expense
(Dollars in Millions)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Total amount of income and expense line items presented in the Consolidated Statement of Income in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded	$	6,964		$	3,418		$	2,330		$	245
Asset and Liability Management Positions
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contract derivatives		(178	)		517			(114	)		72
Hedged items		174			(518	)		114			(71	)
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate contract derivatives		—			—			7			11

Note: The Company does not exclude components from effectiveness testing for fair value and cash flow hedges. The Company reclassified losses of $7 million and $11 million into earnings during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of realized cash flows on discontinued cash flow hedges. No amounts were reclassified into earnings on discontinued cash flow hedges because it is probable the original hedged forecasted cash flows will not occur.

The table below shows cumulative hedging adjustments and the carrying amount of assets and liabilities designated in fair value hedges:

	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets and Liabilities				Cumulative Hedging Adjustment (a)
(Dollars in Millions)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Line Item in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Available-for-sale investment securities	$	13,065	$	4,937	$	(365	)	$	(552	)
Long-term debt		16,644		17,190		(61	)		(142	)

(a) The cumulative hedging adjustment related to discontinued hedging relationships on available-for-sale investment securities and long-term debt was $(379) million and $366 million, respectively, at March 31, 2023, compared with $(392) million and $399 million at December 31, 2022, respectively.

The table below shows the gains (losses) recognized in earnings for other economic hedges and the customer-related positions for the three months ended March 31:

	Location of Gains (Losses) Recognized in Earnings
(Dollars in Millions)			2023			2022
Asset and Liability Management Positions
Other economic hedges
Interest rate contracts
Futures and forwards		Mortgage banking revenue	$	7		$	223
Purchased and written options		Mortgage banking revenue		(2	)		(47	)
Swaps		Mortgage banking revenue		58			(204	)
Foreign exchange forward contracts		Other noninterest income		(5	)		(3	)
Equity contracts		Compensation expense		(3	)		(2	)
Other		Other noninterest income		(2	)		(1	)
Customer-Related Positions
Interest rate contracts
Swaps		Commercial products revenue		52			17
Purchased and written options		Commercial products revenue		—			4
Futures		Commercial products revenue		(1	)		16
Foreign exchange rate contracts
Forwards, spots and swaps		Commercial products revenue		28			15
Credit contracts		Commercial products revenue		—			5

Derivatives are subject to credit risk associated with counterparties to the derivative contracts. The Company measures that credit risk using a credit valuation adjustment and includes it within the fair value of the derivative. The Company manages counterparty credit risk through diversification of its derivative positions among various counterparties, by entering into derivative positions that are centrally cleared through clearinghouses, by entering into master netting arrangements and, where possible, by requiring collateral arrangements. A master netting arrangement allows two counterparties, who have multiple derivative contracts with each other, the ability to net settle amounts under all contracts, including any related collateral, through a single payment and in a single currency. Collateral arrangements generally require the counterparty to deliver collateral (typically cash or U.S. Treasury and agency securities) equal to the Company’s net derivative receivable, subject to minimum transfer and credit rating requirements.

The Company’s collateral arrangements are predominately bilateral and, therefore, contain provisions that require collateralization of the Company’s net liability derivative positions. Required collateral coverage is based on net liability thresholds and may be contingent upon the Company’s credit rating from two of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations. If the Company’s credit rating were to fall below credit ratings thresholds established in the collateral arrangements, the counterparties to the derivatives could request immediate additional collateral coverage up to and including full collateral coverage for derivatives in a net liability position. The aggregate fair value of all derivatives under collateral arrangements that were in a net liability position at March 31, 2023, was $2.2 billion. At March 31, 2023, the Company had $1.8 billion of cash posted as collateral against this net liability position.