Shareholders’ equity is affected by transactions and valuations of asset and liability positions that require adjustments to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The reconciliation of the transactions affecting accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included in shareholders’ equity is as follows:


Three Months Ended June 30 (Dollars in Millions)	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities Available-For- Sale			Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities Transferred From Available-For-Sale to Held-To- Maturity			Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Hedges			Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Retirement Plans			Foreign Currency Translation			Total
2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,424		$	–		$	(233	)	$	(1,613	)	$	(75	)	$	503
Changes in unrealized gains and losses		453			–			–			–			–			453
Foreign currency translation adjustment (a)		–			–			–			–			1			1
Reclassification to earnings of realized gains and losses		(81	)		–			(9	)		31			–			(59	)
Applicable income taxes		(95	)		–			2			(7	)		–			(100	)
Balance at end of period	$	2,701		$	–		$	(240	)	$	(1,589	)	$	(74	)	$	798
2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	(363	)	$	13		$	51		$	(1,402	)	$	(72	)	$	(1,773	)
Changes in unrealized gains and losses		721			–			(135	)		–			–			586
Foreign currency translation adjustment (a)		–			–			–			–			(8	)		(8	)
Reclassification to earnings of realized gains and losses		(17	)		(3	)		(6	)		22			–			(4	)
Applicable income taxes		(178	)		1			35			(5	)		2			(145	)
Balance at end of period	$	163		$	11		$	(55	)	$	(1,385	)	$	(78	)	$	(1,344	)

(a)	Represents the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on the Company’s investment in foreign operations and related hedges.


Six Months Ended June 30 (Dollars in Millions)	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities Available-For- Sale			Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities Transferred From Available-For-Sale to Held-To- Maturity			Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Hedges			Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Retirement Plans			Foreign Currency Translation			Total
2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	379		$	–		$	(51	)	$	(1,636	)	$	(65	)	$	(1,373	)
Changes in unrealized gains and losses		3,240			–			(257	)		–			–			2,983
Foreign currency translation adjustment (a)		–			–			–			–			(12	)		(12	)
Reclassification to earnings of realized gains and losses		(131	)		–			4			62			–			(65	)
Applicable income taxes		(787	)		–			64			(15	)		3			(735	)
Balance at end of period	$	2,701		$	–		$	(240	)	$	(1,589	)	$	(74	)	$	798
2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	(946	)	$	14		$	112		$	(1,418	)	$	(84	)	$	(2,322	)
Changes in unrealized gains and losses		1,506			–			(209	)		–			–			1,297
Foreign currency translation adjustment (a)		–			–			–			–			8			8
Reclassification to earnings of realized gains and losses		(22	)		(4	)		(14	)		44			–			4
Applicable income taxes		(375	)		1			56			(11	)		(2	)		(331	)
Balance at end of period	$	163		$	11		$	(55	)	$	(1,385	)	$	(78	)	$	(1,344	)

(a)	Represents the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on the Company’s investment in foreign operations and related hedges.

Additional detail about the impact to net income for items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and into earnings is as follows:


	Impact to Net Income												Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statement of Income
	Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in Millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities available-for-sale
Realized gains (losses) on sale of investment securities	$	81		$	17		$	131		$	22		Securities gains (losses), net
		(20	)		(4	)		(33	)		(6	)	Applicable income taxes
		61			13			98			16		Net-of-tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities transferred from
available-for-sale to held-to-maturity
Amortization of unrealized gains		–			3			–			4		Interest income
		–			(1	)		–			(1	)	Applicable income taxes
		–			2			–			3		Net-of-tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative hedges
Realized gains (losses) on derivative hedges		9			6			(4	)		14		Interest expense
		(2	)		(1	)		1			(3	)	Applicable income taxes
		7			5			(3	)		11		Net-of-tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on retirement plans
Actuarial gains (losses) and prior service cost (credit) amortization		(31	)		(22	)		(62	)		(44	)	Other noninterest expense
		7			5			15			11		Applicable income taxes
		(24	)		(17	)		(47	)		(33	)	Net-of-tax

Total impact to net income	$	44		$	3		$	48		$	(3	)