The Company capitalizes MSRs as separate assets when loans are sold and servicing is retained. MSRs may also be purchased from others. The Company carries MSRs at fair value, with changes in the fair value recorded in earnings during the period in which they occur. The Company serviced $229.3 billion of residential mortgage loans for others at June 30, 2019, and $231.5 billion at December 31, 2018, including subserviced mortgages with no corresponding MSR asset. Included in mortgage banking revenue are the MSR fair value changes arising from market rate and model assumption changes, net of the value change in derivatives used to economically hedge MSRs. These changes resulted in net losses of $14 million and net gains of $24 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and net losses of $3 million and net gains of $43 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Loan servicing and ancillary fees, not including valuation changes, included in mortgage banking revenue were $180 million and $185 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $359 million and $375 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Changes in fair value of capitalized MSRs are summarized as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in Millions)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,656		$	2,780		$	2,791		$	2,645
Rights purchased		6			2			7			4
Rights capitalized		127			97			205			197
Changes in fair value of MSRs
Due to fluctuations in market interest rates(a)		(211	)		38			(330	)		152
Due to revised assumptions or models(b)		4			26			15			50
Other changes in fair value(c)		(124	)		(99	)		(230	)		(204	)
Balance at end of period	$	2,458		$	2,844		$	2,458		$	2,844

(a)	Includes changes in MSR value associated with changes in market interest rates, including estimated prepayment rates and anticipated earnings on escrow deposits.

(b)	Includes changes in MSR value not caused by changes in market interest rates, such as changes in cost to service, ancillary income and option adjusted spread, as well as the impact of any model changes.

(c)	Primarily represents changes due to realization of expected cash flows over time (decay).

The estimated sensitivity to changes in interest rates of the fair value of the MSR portfolio and the related derivative instruments was as follows:


	June 30, 2019																		December 31, 2018
(Dollars in Millions)	Down 100 bps			Down 50 bps			Down 25 bps			Up 25 bps			Up 50 bps			Up 100 bps			Down 100 bps			Down 50 bps			Down 25 bps			Up 25 bps			Up 50 bps			Up 100 bps
MSR portfolio	$	(697	)	$	(328	)	$	(157	)	$	142		$	269		$	478		$	(501	)	$	(223	)	$	(105	)	$	92		$	171		$	295
Derivative instrument hedges		673			326			158			(145	)		(283	)		(546	)		455			215			104			(94	)		(177	)		(321	)
Net sensitivity	$	(24	)	$	(2	)	$	1		$	(3	)	$	(14	)	$	(68	)	$	(46	)	$	(8	)	$	(1	)	$	(2	)	$	(6	)	$	(26	)

The fair value of MSRs and their sensitivity to changes in interest rates is influenced by the mix of the servicing portfolio and characteristics of each segment of the portfolio. The Company’s servicing portfolio consists of the distinct portfolios of government-insured mortgages, conventional mortgages and Housing Finance Agency (“HFA”) mortgages. The servicing portfolios are predominantly comprised of fixed-rate agency loans with limited adjustable-rate or jumbo mortgage loans. The HFA servicing portfolio is comprised of loans originated under state and local housing authority program guidelines which assist purchases by first-time or low- to moderate-income homebuyers through a favorable rate subsidy, down payment and/or closing cost assistance on government- and conventional-insured mortgages.

A summary of the Company’s MSRs and related characteristics by portfolio was as follows:


	June 30, 2019												December 31, 2018
(Dollars in Millions)	HFA			Government			Conventional (d)			Total			HFA			Government			Conventional (d)			Total
Servicing portfolio (a)	$	45,117		$	36,012		$	145,840		$	226,969		$	44,384		$	35,990		$	148,910		$	229,284
Fair value	$	475		$	438		$	1,545		$	2,458		$	526		$	465		$	1,800		$	2,791
Value (bps) (b)		105			122			106			108			119			129			121			122
Weighted-average servicing fees (bps)		34			37			27			30			34			36			27			30
Multiple (value/servicing fees)		3.07			3.27			3.91			3.59			3.45			3.63			4.52			4.11
Weighted-average note rate		4.65	%		4.00	%		4.08	%		4.18	%		4.59	%		3.97	%		4.06	%		4.15	%
Weighted-average age (in years)		3.5			4.8			4.8			4.5			3.3			4.7			4.5			4.3
Weighted-average expected prepayment (constant prepayment rate)		12.1	%		13.4	%		12.4	%		12.5	%		9.8	%		11.0	%		9.1	%		9.5	%
Weighted-average expected life (in years)		6.6			5.8			5.9			6.0			7.7			6.7			7.1			7.2
Weighted-average option adjusted spread (c)		8.5	%		8.1	%		7.1	%		7.5	%		8.6	%		8.3	%		7.2	%		7.6	%

(a)	Represents principal balance of mortgages having corresponding MSR asset.

(b)	Calculated as fair value divided by the servicing portfolio.

(c)	Option adjusted spread is the incremental spread added to the risk-free rate to reflect optionality and other risk inherent in the MSRs.

(d)	Represents loans sold primarily to GSEs.