NOTE 19

Derivative Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into derivative transactions to manage various risks and to accommodate the business requirements of its customers. The Company recognizes all derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value in other assets or in other liabilities. On the date the Company enters into a derivative contract, the derivative is designated as either a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, net investment hedge, or a designation is not made as it is a customer-related transaction, an economic hedge for asset/liability risk management purposes or another stand-alone derivative created through the Company’s operations (“free-standing derivative”). When a derivative is designated as a fair value, cash flow or net investment hedge, the Company performs an assessment, at inception and, at a minimum, quarterly thereafter, to determine the effectiveness of the derivative in offsetting changes in the value or cash flows of the hedged item(s).

Fair Value Hedges These derivatives are interest rate swaps the Company uses to hedge the change in fair value related to interest rate changes of its underlying fixed-rate debt. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as fair value hedges, and changes in the fair value of the hedged items, are recorded in earnings. All fair value hedges were highly effective for the year ended December 31, 2017, and the change in fair value attributed to hedge ineffectiveness was not material.

Cash Flow Hedges These derivatives are interest rate swaps the Company uses to hedge the forecasted cash flows from its underlying variable-rate debt. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) until the cash flows of the hedged items are realized. If a derivative designated as a cash flow hedge is terminated or ceases to be highly effective, the gain or loss in other comprehensive income (loss) is amortized to earnings over the period the forecasted hedged transactions impact earnings. If a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable, hedge accounting is ceased and any gain or loss included in other comprehensive income (loss) is reported in earnings immediately, unless the forecasted transaction is at least reasonably possible of occurring, whereby the amounts remain within other comprehensive income (loss). At December 31, 2017, the Company had $71 million (net-of-tax) of realized and unrealized gains on derivatives classified as cash flow hedges recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), compared with $55 million (net-of-tax) of realized and unrealized gains at December 31, 2016. The estimated amount to be reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings during the next 12 months is a gain of $4 million (net-of-tax). This amount includes gains and losses related to hedges that were terminated early for which the forecasted transactions are still probable. All cash flow hedges were highly effective for the year ended December 31, 2017, and the change in fair value attributed to hedge ineffectiveness was not material.

Net Investment Hedges The Company uses forward commitments to sell specified amounts of certain foreign currencies, and non-derivative debt instruments, to hedge the volatility of its net investment in foreign operations driven by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The ineffectiveness on all net investment hedges was not material for the year ended December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2017, the carrying amount of non-derivative debt instruments designated as net investment hedges was $1.2 billion. There were no non-derivative debt instruments designated as net investment hedges at December 31, 2016.

Other Derivative Positions The Company enters into free-standing derivatives to mitigate interest rate risk and for other risk management purposes. These derivatives include forward commitments to sell to-be-announced securities (“TBAs”) and other commitments to sell residential mortgage loans, which are used to economically hedge the interest rate risk related to residential MLHFS and unfunded mortgage loan commitments. The Company also enters into interest rate swaps, swaptions, forward commitments to buy TBAs, U.S. Treasury and Eurodollar futures and options on U.S. Treasury futures to economically hedge the change in the fair value of the Company’s MSRs. The Company also enters into foreign currency forwards to economically hedge remeasurement gains and losses the Company recognizes on foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. In addition, the Company acts as a seller and buyer of interest rate derivatives and foreign exchange contracts for its customers. The Company mitigates the market and liquidity risk associated with these customer derivatives by entering into similar offsetting positions with broker-dealers, or on a portfolio basis by entering into other derivative or non-derivative financial instruments that partially or fully offset the exposure from these customer-related positions. The Company’s customer derivatives and related hedges are monitored and reviewed by the Company’s Market Risk Committee, which establishes policies for market risk management, including exposure limits for each portfolio. The Company also has derivative contracts that are created through its operations, including certain unfunded mortgage loan commitments and swap agreements related to the sale of a portion of its Class B common shares of Visa Inc. Refer to Note 21 for further information on these swap agreements.

For additional information on the Company’s purpose for entering into derivative transactions and its overall risk management strategies, refer to “Management Discussion and Analysis — Use of Derivatives to Manage Interest Rate and Other Risks”, which is incorporated by reference into these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table summarizes the asset and liability management derivative positions of the Company:


	Asset Derivatives						Liability Derivatives
(Dollars in Millions)	Notional Value		Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Maturity In Years		Notional Value		Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Maturity In Years

December 31, 2017
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts
Receive fixed/pay floating swaps	$	1,000	$	28		6.70	$	3,600	$	16		1.55
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate contracts
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps		3,772		5		6.73		–		–		–
Net investment hedges
Foreign exchange forward contracts		–		–		–		373		8		.05
Other economic hedges
Interest rate contracts
Futures and forwards
Buy		1,632		7		.10		1,326		2		.04
Sell		15,291		10		.89		4,511		10		.03
Options
Purchased		4,985		65		7.57		–		–		–
Written		1,285		21		.10		5		–		.05
Receive fixed/pay floating swaps		2,019		5		16.49		5,469		–		8.43
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps		4,844		21		7.69		46		1		6.70
Foreign exchange forward contracts		147		1		.02		669		8		.04
Equity contracts		45		–		1.10		88		1		.58
Credit contracts		1,559		–		3.41		3,779		1		3.16
Other^(a)		–		–		–		1,164		125		2.50
Total	$	36,579	$	163			$	21,030	$	172

December 31, 2016
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts
Receive fixed/pay floating swaps	$	2,550	$	49		4.28	$	1,250	$	12		2.32
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate contracts
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps		3,272		108		8.63		2,787		35		.83
Net investment hedges
Foreign exchange forward contracts		1,347		15		.04		–		–		–
Other economic hedges
Interest rate contracts
Futures and forwards
Buy		1,748		13		.09		1,722		18		.05
Sell		2,278		129		.08		4,214		43		.09
Options
Purchased		1,565		43		8.60		–		–		–
Written		1,073		25		.07		12		1		.06
Receive fixed/pay floating swaps		6,452		26		11.48		1,561		16		6.54
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps		4,705		13		6.51		2,320		9		7.80
Foreign exchange forward contracts		849		6		.02		867		6		.02
Equity contracts		11		–		.40		102		1		.57
Credit contracts		1,397		–		3.38		3,674		2		3.57
Other^(a)		19		–		.03		830		106		3.42
Total	$	27,266	$	427			$	19,339	$	249

(a)

Includes derivative liability swap agreements related to the sale of a portion of the Company’s Class B common shares of Visa Inc. The Visa swap agreements had a total notional value, fair value and weighted average remaining maturity of $1.2 billion, $125 million and 2.50 years at December 31, 2017, respectively, compared to $811 million, $106 million and 3.50 years at December 31, 2016, respectively. In addition, includes short-term underwriting purchase and sale commitments with total asset and liability notional values of $19 million at December 31, 2016.

The following table summarizes the customer-related derivative positions of the Company:


	Asset Derivatives						Liability Derivatives
(Dollars in Millions)	Notional Value		Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Maturity In Years		Notional Value		Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Maturity In Years

December 31, 2017
Interest rate contracts
Receive fixed/pay floating swaps	$	28,681	$	679		5.71	$	59,990	$	840		4.27
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps		63,038		860		4.20		25,093		602		5.76
Options
Purchased		29,091		22		1.61		880		14		4.24
Written		880		15		4.24		27,056		20		1.50
Futures
Sell		7,007		4		1.21		–		–		–
Foreign exchange rate contracts
Forwards, spots and swaps		24,099		656		.81		23,440		636		.83
Options
Purchased		4,026		83		1.20		–		–		–
Written		–		–		–		4,026		83		1.20
Total	$	156,822	$	2,319			$	140,485	$	2,195

December 31, 2016
Interest rate contracts
Receive fixed/pay floating swaps	$	38,501	$	930		4.07	$	39,403	$	632		4.89
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps		36,671		612		4.99		40,324		996		4.07
Options
Purchased		14,545		51		1.85		125		2		1.37
Written		125		3		1.37		13,518		50		1.70
Futures
Buy		306		–		1.96		7,111		7		.90
Foreign exchange rate contracts
Forwards, spots and swaps		20,664		849		.58		19,640		825		.60
Options
Purchased		2,376		98		1.67		–		–		–
Written		–		–		–		2,376		98		1.67
Total	$	113,188	$	2,543			$	122,497	$	2,610

The table below shows the effective portion of the gains (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) and the gains (losses) reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings (net-of-tax) for the years ended December 31:


	Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)								Gains (Losses) Reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Earnings
(Dollars in Millions)	2017			2016		2015			2017			2016			2015

Asset and Liability Management Positions
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate contracts^(a)	$	(3	)	$	46	$	(15	)	$	(19	)	$	(76	)	$	(120	)
Net investment hedges
Foreign exchange forward contracts		(56	)		33		101			–			–			–
Non-derivative debt instruments		(46	)		–		–			–			–			–

Note: Ineffectiveness on cash flow and net investment hedges was not material for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

(a)

Gains (Losses) reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into interest expense.

The table below shows the gains (losses) recognized in earnings for fair value hedges, other economic hedges and the customer-related positions for the years ended December 31:


(Dollars in Millions)	Location of Gains (Losses) Recognized in Earnings		2017			2016			2015

Asset and Liability Management Positions
Fair value hedges^(a)
Interest rate contracts		Other noninterest income	$	(28	)	$	(31	)	$	7
Other economic hedges
Interest rate contracts
Futures and forwards		Mortgage banking revenue		24			101			186
Purchased and written options		Mortgage banking revenue		237			331			191
Receive fixed/pay floating swaps		Mortgage banking revenue		255			226			139
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps		Mortgage banking revenue		(220	)		(140	)		(33	)
Foreign exchange forward contracts		Commercial products revenue		(69	)		(14	)		108
Equity contracts		Compensation expense		1			1			(1	)
Credit contracts		Other noninterest income		3			1			2
Other		Other noninterest income		(1	)		(39	)		–

Customer-Related Positions
Interest rate contracts
Receive fixed/pay floating swaps		Other noninterest income		(876	)		(708	)		360
Pay fixed/receive floating swaps		Other noninterest income		943			769			(320	)
Purchased and written options		Other noninterest income		(24	)		(5	)		3
Futures		Other noninterest income		(3	)		(6	)		1
Foreign exchange rate contracts
Forwards, spots and swaps		Commercial products revenue		92			88			74
Purchased and written options		Commercial products revenue		2			(1	)		2

(a)

Gains (Losses) on items hedged by interest rate contracts included in noninterest income (expense), were $28 million, $31 million and $(7) million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The ineffective portion was immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Derivatives are subject to credit risk associated with counterparties to the derivative contracts. The Company measures that credit risk using a credit valuation adjustment and includes it within the fair value of the derivative. The Company manages counterparty credit risk through diversification of its derivative positions among various counterparties, by entering into derivative positions that are centrally cleared through clearinghouses, by entering into master netting arrangements and, where possible, by requiring collateral arrangements. A master netting arrangement allows two counterparties, who have multiple derivative contracts with each other, the ability to net settle amounts under all contracts, including any related collateral, through a single payment and in a single currency. Collateral arrangements generally require the counterparty to deliver collateral (typically cash or U.S. Treasury and agency securities) equal to the Company’s net derivative receivable, subject to minimum transfer and credit rating requirements.

The Company’s collateral arrangements are predominately bilateral and, therefore, contain provisions that require collateralization of the Company’s net liability derivative positions. Required collateral coverage is based on net liability thresholds and may be contingent upon the Company’s credit rating from two of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations. If the Company’s credit rating were to fall below credit ratings thresholds established in the collateral arrangements, the counterparties to the derivatives could request immediate additional collateral coverage up to and including full collateral coverage for derivatives in a net liability position. The aggregate fair value of all derivatives under collateral arrangements that were in a net liability position at December 31, 2017, was $577 million. At December 31, 2017, the Company had $527 million of cash posted as collateral against this net liability position.