Note 16

Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities

Visa Restructuring and Card Association Litigation The Company’s payment services business issues and acquires credit and debit card transactions through the Visa U.S.A. Inc. card association or its affiliates (collectively “Visa”). In 2007, Visa completed a restructuring and issued shares of Visa Inc. common stock to its financial institution members in contemplation of its initial public offering (“IPO”) completed in the first quarter of 2008 (the “Visa Reorganization”). As a part of the Visa Reorganization, the Company received its proportionate number of shares of Visa Inc. common stock, which were subsequently converted to Class B shares of Visa Inc. (“Class B shares”). Visa U.S.A. Inc. (“Visa U.S.A.”) and MasterCard International (collectively, the “Card Associations”) are defendants in antitrust lawsuits challenging the practices of the Card Associations (the “Visa Litigation”). Visa U.S.A. member banks have a contingent obligation to indemnify Visa Inc. under the Visa U.S.A. bylaws (which were modified at the time of the restructuring in October 2007) for potential losses arising from the Visa Litigation. The indemnification by the Visa U.S.A. member banks has no specific maximum amount.

Using proceeds from its IPO and through reductions to the conversion ratio applicable to the Class B shares held by Visa U.S.A. member banks, Visa Inc. has funded an escrow account for the benefit of member financial institutions to fund their indemnification obligations associated with the Visa Litigation. The receivable related to the escrow account is classified in other liabilities as a direct offset to the related Visa Litigation contingent liability. On October 19, 2012, Visa signed a settlement agreement to resolve class action claims associated with the multi-district interchange litigation, the largest of the remaining Visa Litigation matters. The settlement has been approved by the court, but has been challenged by some class members and is being appealed. In addition, a number of class members opted out of the settlement and have filed actions against the Card Associations. At June 30, 2014, the carrying amount of the Company’s liability related to the Visa Litigation matters, net of its share of the escrow fundings, was $19 million. During the second quarter of 2014, the Company sold 3.0 million of its Class B shares. This sale does not impact the Company’s liability for the Visa Litigation matters or the receivable related to the escrow account. The remaining 9.6 million Class B shares held by the Company will be eligible for conversion to Class A shares of Visa Inc., and thereby become marketable, upon final settlement of the Visa Litigation. These shares are excluded from the Company’s financial instruments disclosures included in Note 15.

Other Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities

The following table is a summary of other guarantees and contingent liabilities of the Company at June 30, 2014:


(Dollars in Millions)	Collateral Held		Carrying Amount		Maximum Potential Future Payments
Standby letters of credit	$	–	$	66	$	15,913
Third-party borrowing arrangements		–		–		14
Securities lending indemnifications		4,957		–		4,824
Asset sales		–		172		3,931	(a)
Merchant processing		796		80		93,179
Contingent consideration arrangements		–		2		2
Tender option bond program guarantee		4,470		–		4,293
Minimum revenue guarantees		–		8		9
Other		–		–		466

(a)

The maximum potential future payments do not include loan sales where the Company provides standard representation and warranties to the buyer against losses related to loan underwriting documentation defects that may have existed at the time of sale that generally are identified after the occurrence of a triggering event such as delinquency. For these types of loan sales, the maximum potential future payments is generally the unpaid principal balance of loans sold measured at the end of the current reporting period. Actual losses will be significantly less than the maximum exposure, as only a fraction of loans sold will have a representation and warranty breach, and any losses on repurchase would generally be mitigated by any collateral held against the loans.

Merchant Processing The Company, through its subsidiaries, provides merchant processing services. Under the rules of credit card associations, a merchant processor retains a contingent liability for credit card transactions processed. This contingent liability arises in the event of a billing dispute between the merchant and a cardholder that is ultimately resolved in the cardholder’s favor. In this situation, the transaction is “charged-back” to the merchant and the disputed amount is credited or otherwise refunded to the cardholder. If the Company is unable to collect this amount from the merchant, it bears the loss for the amount of the refund paid to the cardholder.

The Company currently processes card transactions in the United States, Canada, Europe, Mexico and Brazil through wholly-owned subsidiaries and joint ventures with other financial institutions. In the event a merchant was unable to fulfill product or services subject to delayed delivery, such as airline tickets, the Company could become financially liable for refunding tickets purchased through the credit card associations under the charge-back provisions. Charge-back risk related to these merchants is evaluated in a manner similar to credit risk assessments and, as such, merchant processing contracts contain various provisions to protect the Company in the event of default. At June 30, 2014, the value of airline tickets purchased to be delivered at a future date was $8.7 billion. The Company held collateral of $707 million in escrow deposits, letters of credit and indemnities from financial institutions, and liens on various assets.

Asset Sales The Company regularly sells loans to GSEs as part of its mortgage banking activities. The Company provides customary representation and warranties to the GSEs in conjunction with these sales. These representations and warranties generally require the Company to repurchase assets if it is subsequently determined that a loan did not meet specified criteria, such as a documentation deficiency or rescission of mortgage insurance. If the Company is unable to cure or refute a repurchase request, the Company is generally obligated to repurchase the loan or otherwise reimburse the counterparty for losses. At June 30, 2014, the Company had reserved $69 million for potential losses from representation and warranty obligations, compared with $83 million at December 31, 2013. The Company’s reserve reflects management’s best estimate of losses for representation and warranty obligations. The Company’s repurchase reserve is modeled at the loan level, taking into consideration the individual credit quality and borrower activity that has transpired since origination. The model applies credit quality and economic risk factors to derive a probability of default and potential repurchase that are based on the Company’s historical loss experience, and estimates loss severity based on expected collateral value. The Company also considers qualitative factors that may result in anticipated losses differing from historical loss trends.

The following table is a rollforward of the Company’s representation and warranty reserve:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in Millions)	2014			2013			2014			2013
Balance at beginning of period	$	75		$	233		$	83		$	240
Net realized losses		(2	)		(16	)		(12	)		(39	)
Change in reserve		(4	)		(27	)		(2	)		(11	)
Balance at end of period	$	69		$	190		$	69		$	190

As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had $35 million and $89 million, respectively, of unresolved representation and warranty claims from the GSEs. The Company does not have a significant amount of unresolved claims from investors other than the GSEs.

Litigation and Regulatory Matters The Company is subject to various litigation and regulatory matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business. The Company establishes reserves for such matters when potential losses become probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company believes the ultimate resolution of existing legal and regulatory matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company. However, changes in circumstances or additional information could result in additional accruals or resolution in excess of established accruals, which could adversely affect the Company’s results from operations, potentially materially.

In June 2014, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), agreeing to pay $200 million without any admission of liability, to resolve an investigation by the DOJ and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Inspector General into the Company’s compliance with Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) insurance program requirements.

The Company is currently subject to other investigations and examinations by government agencies and bank regulators concerning mortgage-related practices, including those related to servicing practices for FHA insured residential home loans, compliance with selling guidelines relating to residential home loans sold to GSEs, foreclosure-related expenses submitted to the FHA or GSEs for reimbursement, and various practices related to lender-placed insurance. The Company is cooperating fully with these examinations and investigations, any of which could lead to administrative or legal proceedings or settlements. Remedies in these proceedings or settlements may include fines, penalties, restitution or alterations in the Company’s business practices (which may increase the Company’s operating expenses).

Certain federal and state governmental authorities reached settlement agreements in 2012 and 2013 with other major financial institutions regarding their mortgage origination, servicing, and foreclosure activities. Those governmental authorities have had settlement discussions with other financial institutions, including the Company. The Company has not agreed to any settlement; however, if a settlement were reached it would likely include an agreement to comply with specified servicing standards, and settlement payments to governmental authorities as well as a monetary commitment that could be satisfied under various loan modification programs (in addition to the programs the Company already has in place).

Due to their complex nature, it can be years before litigation and regulatory matters are resolved. For those litigation and regulatory matters where the Company has information to develop an estimate or range of loss, including some of the matters described above, the Company believes the upper end of reasonably possible losses in aggregate, in excess of any reserves established for matters where a loss is considered probable, will not be material to its financial statements. The Company’s estimates are subject to significant judgment and uncertainties, and the matters underlying the estimates will change from time to time. Actual results may vary significantly from the current estimates.

For additional information on the nature of the Company’s guarantees and contingent liabilities, refer to Note 22 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.