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Loans And Allowance For Loan Losses
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Loans And Allowance For Loan Losses  
Loans And Allowance For Loan Losses


 

Note 5 – Loans And Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans are stated at the amount of unpaid principal, reduced by unearned income and an allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans is calculated by using the simple interest method on daily balances of the principal amounts outstanding. The Company defers and amortizes net loan origination fees and costs as an adjustment to yield. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense. Loans are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes the collectibility of the principal is unlikely.

The allowance is an amount management believes will be adequate to absorb estimated inherent losses on existing loans that are deemed uncollectible based upon management's review and evaluation of the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is comprised of three elements: (i) specific reserves determined in accordance with current authoritative accounting guidance based on probable losses on specific classified loans; (ii) general reserve determined in accordance with current authoritative accounting guidance that consider historical loss rates; and (iii) qualitative reserves determined in accordance with current authoritative accounting guidance based upon general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company. The allowance for loan losses is increased by charges to income and decreased by charge-offs (net of recoveries). Management's periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is based on general economic conditions, the financial condition of borrowers, the value and liquidity of collateral, delinquency, prior loan loss experience, and the results of periodic reviews of the portfolio. For purposes of determining our general reserve, the loan portfolio, less cash secured loans, government guaranteed loans and classified loans, is multiplied by the Company's historical loss rate. Our methodology is constructed so that specific allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality and a corresponding increase in risk of loss. In addition, we adjust our allowance for qualitative factors such as current local economic conditions and trends, including unemployment, changes in lending staff, policies and procedures, changes in credit concentrations, changes in the trends and severity of problem loans and changes in trends in volume and terms of loans. This additional allocation based on qualitative factors serves to compensate for additional areas of uncertainty inherent in our portfolio that are not reflected in our historic loss factors. Accrual of interest is discontinued on a loan and payments applied to principal when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, the borrower's financial condition is such that collection of interest is doubtful. Generally all loans past due greater than 90 days, based on contractual terms, are placed on non-accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Consumer loans are generally charged-off when a loan becomes past due 90 days. For other loans in the portfolio, facts and circumstances are evaluated in making charge-off decisions.

Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable we will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. If a loan is impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible.

The Company's policy requires measurement of the allowance for an impaired collateral dependent loan based on the fair value of the collateral. Other loan impairments are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows or the loan's observable market price. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, all significant impaired loans have been determined to be collateral dependent and the allowance for loss has been measured utilizing the estimated fair value of the collateral.

 

The Company originates mortgage loans primarily for sale in the secondary market. Accordingly, these loans are classified as held for sale and are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The mortgage loan sales contracts contain indemnification clauses should the loans default, generally in the first sixty to ninety days or if documentation is determined not to be in compliance with regulations. The Company's historic losses as a result of these indemnities have been insignificant.

Loans acquired, including loans acquired in a business combination, that have evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts contractually owed are initially recorded at fair value with no valuation allowance. The difference between the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the investment in the loan, is recognized as interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loan. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition, are not recognized as a yield adjustment. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the initial investment are recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield on the loan over its remaining life. Decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairment. Valuation allowances on these impaired loans reflect only losses incurred after the acquisition.

The Company has certain lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to maximize loan income with an acceptable level of risk. Management reviews and approves these policies and procedures on a regular basis and makes changes as appropriate. Management receives frequent reports related to loan originations, quality, concentrations, delinquencies, non-performing and potential problem loans. Diversification in the loan portfolio is a means of managing risk associated with fluctuations in economic conditions, both by type of loan and geography.

Commercial loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower's ability to operate profitably and effectively. Underwriting standards are designed to determine whether the borrower possesses sound business ethics and practices and to evaluate current and projected cash flows to determine the ability of the borrower to repay their obligations as agreed. Commercial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and, secondarily, on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory and include personal guarantees.

Agricultural loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans. These agricultural loans are based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Most agricultural loans are secured by the agriculture related assets being financed, such as farm land, cattle or equipment and include personal guarantees.

Real estate loans are also subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and agricultural loans. These loans are underwritten primarily based on projected cash flows and, secondarily, as loans secured by real estate. The repayment of real estate loans is generally largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loans or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The properties securing the Company's real estate portfolio are generally diverse in terms of type and geographic location. This diversity helps reduce the exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single market or industry. Generally real estate loans are owner occupied which further reduces the Company's risk.

The Company utilizes methodical credit standards and analysis to supplement its policies and procedures in underwriting consumer loans. The Company's loan policy addresses types of consumer loans that may be originated and the collateral, if secured, that must be perfected. The relatively smaller individual dollar amounts of consumer loans that are spread over numerous individual borrowers also minimizes the Company's risk.

 

Major classifications of loans are as follows (in thousands):

 

     June 30,      December 31,  
     2011      2010      2010  

Commercial, financial and agricultural

   $ 500,560       $ 463,560       $ 524,757   

Real estate – construction

     88,375         88,777         91,815   

Real estate – mortgage

     928,420         791,951         883,710   

Consumer

     202,060         175,384         190,064   
                          

Total Loans

   $ 1,719,415       $ 1,519,672       $ 1,690,346   
                          

Included in real estate-mortgage loans above are $4.3 million, $6.0 million and $13.2 million, respectively, in loans held for sale at June 30, 2011 and 2010 and December 31, 2010 in which the carrying amounts approximate fair value.

The Company's recorded investment in impaired loans and the related valuation allowance are as follows (in thousands):

 

June 30, 2011     June 30, 2010     December 31, 2010  
Recorded
Investment
    Valuation
Allowance
    Recorded
Investment
    Valuation
Allowance
    Recorded
Investment
    Valuation
Allowance
 
$ 18,599      $ 3,170      $ 14,240      $ 2,780      $ 15,445      $ 3,152   
                                             

The average recorded investment in impaired loans for the quarter and six-months ended June 30, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2010 was approximately $19,918,000, $20,559,000 and $17,242,000, respectively. The Company had approximately $27,383,000 and $25,950,000 in nonaccrual, past due 90 days still accruing and restructured loans and foreclosed assets at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. Non accrual loans totaled $18.6 million and $15.4 million, respectively, of this amount and consisted of (in thousands):

 

     June 30,
2011
     December 31,
2010
 

Commercial

   $ 1,419       $ 1,403   

Agricultural

     407         3,030   

Real Estate

     16,563         10,675   

Consumer

     210         337   
                 

Total

   $ 18,599       $ 15,445   
                 

 

The Company's impaired loans and related allowance as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 are summarized in the following table (in thousands). No interest income was recognized on impaired loans subsequent to their classification as impaired.

 

June 30, 2011

   Unpaid
Contractual

Principal
Balance
     Recorded
Investment
With No
Allowance
     Recorded
Investment
With
Allowance
     Total
Recorded
Investment
     Related
Allowance
     Average
Recorded
Investment
 

Commercial

   $ 1,679       $ 26       $ 1,394       $ 1,419       $ 688       $ 1,513   

Agricultural

     481         12         394         407         190         829   

Real Estate

     19,314         3,597         12,965         16,563         2,227         17,974   

Consumer

     263         64         147         210         65         243   
                                                     

Total

   $ 21,737       $ 3,699       $ 14,900       $ 18,599       $ 3,170       $ 20,559   
                                                     

 

December 31, 2010

   Unpaid
Contractual

Principal
Balance
     Recorded
Investment
With No
Allowance
     Recorded
Investment
With
Allowance
     Total
Recorded
Investment
     Related
Allowance
     Average
Recorded
Investment
 

Commercial

   $ 1,625       $ 434       $ 969       $ 1,403       $ 471       $ 1,622   

Agricultural

     3,048         405         2,625         3,030         695         3,922   

Real Estate

     12,518         1,224         9,451         10,675         1,881         11,276   

Consumer

     449         81         256         337         105         422   
                                                     

Total

   $ 17,640       $ 2,144       $ 13,301       $ 15,445       $ 3,152       $ 17,242   
                                                     

Interest payments received on impaired loans are recorded as interest income unless collections of the remaining recorded investment are doubtful, at which time payments received are recorded as reductions of principal. The Company recognized interest income on impaired loans of approximately $425,000 during the year ended December 31, 2010. If interest on impaired loans had been recognized on a full accrual basis during the year ended December 31, 2010, such income would have approximated $1,479,000. Such amounts for the quarter and six-months ended June 30, 2011 were not significant.

From a credit risk standpoint, the Company classifies its loans in one of four categories: (i) pass, (ii) special mention, (iii) substandard or (iv) doubtful. Loans classified as loss are charged-off.

The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. The Company reviews the ratings on credits monthly. Ratings are adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss that is felt to be inherent in each credit as of each monthly reporting period. Our methodology is structured so that specific allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss).

Credits rated special mention show clear signs of financial weaknesses or deterioration in credit worthiness, however, such concerns are not so pronounced that the Company generally expects to experience significant loss within the short-term. Such credits typically maintain the ability to perform within standard credit terms and credit exposure is not as prominent as credits rated more harshly.

 

Credits rated substandard are those in which the normal repayment of principal and interest may be, or has been, jeopardized by reason of adverse trends or developments of a financial, managerial, economic or political nature, or important weaknesses exist in collateral. A protracted workout on these credits is a distinct possibility. Prompt corrective action is therefore required to strengthen the Company's position, and/or to reduce exposure and to assure that adequate remedial measures are taken by the borrower. Credit exposure becomes more likely in such credits and a serious evaluation of the secondary support to the credit is performed.

Credits rated doubtful are those in which full collection of principal appears highly questionable, and which some degree of loss is anticipated, even thought the ultimate amount of loss may not yet be certain and/or other factors exist which could affect collection of debt. Based upon available information, positive action by the Company is required to avert or minimize loss. Credits rated doubtful are generally also placed on nonaccrual.

Updates to internally assigned classifications are made monthly and/or upon significant developments.

At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the following summarizes the Company's internal ratings of its loans (in thousands):

 

June 30, 2011

   Pass      Special
Mention
     Substandard      Doubtful      Total  

Commercial

   $ 417,357       $ 9,185       $ 12,834       $ 101       $ 439,477   

Agricultural

     57,080         961         3,026         16         61,083   

Real Estate

     952,275         17,088         47,358         74         1,016,795   

Consumer

     200,967         333         747         13         202,060   
                                            

Total

   $ 1,627,679       $ 27,567       $ 63,965       $ 204       $ 1,719,415   
                                            

December 31, 2010

   Pass      Special
Mention
     Substandard      Doubtful      Total  

Commercial

   $ 414,436       $ 11,505       $ 16,346       $ 90       $ 442,377   

Agricultural

     72,124         1,094         9,144         18         82,380   

Real Estate

     912,691         15,721         47,036         77         975,525   

Consumer

     188,325         197         1,510         32         190,064   
                                            

Total

   $ 1,587,576       $ 28,517       $ 74,036       $ 217       $ 1,690,346   
                                            

At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company's past due loans are as follows (in thousands):

 

June 30, 2011

   15-59
Days

Past
Due*
     60-89
Days

Past
Due
     Greater
Than 90
Days
     Total Past
Due
     Total
Current
     Total Loans      Total 90
Days
Past Due
Still
Accruing
 

Commercial

   $ 2,911       $ 46       $ 504       $ 3,461       $ 436,016       $ 439,477       $ —     

Agricultural

     116         12         —           128         60,955         61,083         —     

Real Estate

     10,658         2,180         2,013         14,851         1,001,944         1,016,795         —     

Consumer

     915         17         6         938         201,122         202,060         6   
                                                              

Total

   $ 14,600       $ 2,255       $ 2,523       $ 19,378       $ 1,700,037       $ 1,719,415       $ 6   
                                                              

December 31, 2010

   15-59
Days

Past
Due*
     60-89
Days

Past
Due
     Greater
Than 90
Days
     Total Past
Due
     Total
Current
     Total Loans      Total 90
Days
Past Due
Still
Accruing
 

Commercial

   $ 2,138       $ 241       $ 713       $ 3,092       $ 439,285       $ 442,377       $ 20   

Agricultural

     371         —           —           371         82,009         82,380         —     

Real Estate

     6,638         1,569         3,792         11,999         963,526         975,525         2,169   

Consumer

     1,048         180         25         1,253         188,811         190,064         7   
                                                              

Total

   $ 10,195       $ 1,990       $ 4,530       $ 16,715       $ 1,673,631       $ 1,690,346       $ 2,196   
                                                              

 

 

The allowance for loan losses as of June 30, 2011 and 2010 and December 31, 2010, is presented below. Management has evaluated the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses by estimating the probable losses in various categories of the loan portfolio, which are identified below (in thousands):

 

     June 30,      December 31,  
     2011      2010      2010  

Allowance for loan losses provided for:

        

Loans specifically evaluated as impaired

   $ 3,170       $ 2,780       $ 3,152   

Remaining portfolio

     30,236         26,174         27,954   
                          

Total allowance for loan losses

   $ 33,406       $ 28,954       $ 31,106   
                          

The following table details the allowance for loan loss at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 by portfolio segment (in thousands). Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

 

June 30, 2011

   Commercial      Agricultural      Real Estate      Consumer      Total  

Loans individually evaluated for impairment

   $ 3,635       $ 925       $ 7,744       $ 249       $ 12,553   

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

     4,932         841         13,650         1,430         20,853   
                                            

Total

   $ 8,567       $ 1,766       $ 21,394       $ 1,679       $ 33,406   
                                            

December 31, 2010

   Commercial      Agricultural      Real Estate      Consumer      Total  

Loans individually evaluated for impairment

   $ 3,718       $ 1,548       $ 6,829       $ 445       $ 12,540   

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

     4,027         751         12,272         1,516         18,566   
                                            

Total

   $ 7,745       $ 2,299       $ 19,101       $ 1,961       $ 31,106   
                                            

Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended June 30, 2011 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

 

     Commercial     Agricultural      Real Estate     Consumer     Total  

Beginning balance

   $ 8,652      $ 1,151       $ 20,962      $ 1,736      $ 32,501   

Provision for loan losses

     (78 )     614         1,276        112        1,924   

Recoveries

     39       1         245        92        377   

Charge-offs

     (46     —           (1,089     (261     (1,396
                                         

Ending balance

   $ 8,567      $ 1,766       $ 21,394      $ 1,679      $ 33,406   
                                         

 

Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the six months ended June 30, 2011 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

 

     Commercial     Agricultural     Real Estate     Consumer     Total  

Beginning balance

   $ 7,745      $ 2,299      $ 19,101      $ 1,961      $ 31,106   

Provision for loan losses

     796        (564     3,805        14        4,051   

Recoveries

     73        31        352        199        655   

Charge-offs

     (47     —          (1,864     (495     (2,406
                                        

Ending balance

   $ 8,567      $ 1,766      $ 21,394      $ 1,679      $ 33,406   
                                        

The Company's recorded investment in loans as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 related to the balance in the allowance for loan losses on the basis of the Company's impairment methodology was as follows (in thousands):

 

June 30, 2011

   Commercial      Agricultural      Real Estate      Consumer      Total  

Loans individually evaluated for impairment

   $ 22,120       $ 4,003       $ 64,520       $ 1,093       $ 91,736   

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

     417,357         57,080         952,275         200,967         1,627,679   
                                            

Total

   $ 439,477       $ 61,083       $ 1,016,795       $ 202,060       $ 1,719,415   
                                            

December 31, 2010

   Commercial      Agricultural      Real Estate      Consumer      Total  

Loans individually evaluated for impairment

   $ 27,941       $ 10,256       $ 62,834       $ 1,739       $ 102,770   

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment

     414,436         72,124         912,691         188,325         1,587,576   
                                            

Total

   $ 442,377       $ 82,380       $ 975,525       $ 190,064       $ 1,690,346   
                                            

Certain of our subsidiary banks have established lines of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas to provide liquidity and meet pledging requirements for those customers eligible to have securities pledged to secure certain uninsured deposits. At June 30, 2011, approximately $678.6 million in loans held by these subsidiaries were subject to blanket liens as security for these lines of credit.