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Note 21 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

21. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures", provides a framework for measuring fair value and establishes a fair-value hierarchy which prioritizes the use of observable inputs when measuring fair value. The fair value hierarchy can be summarized as follows:

Level 1: Fair value determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Level 2: Fair value determined using significant other observable inputs.

Level 3: Fair value determined using significant unobservable inputs.

Our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

			*Fair Value at*				*Fair Value at*
	*Fair Value*		*October 31,*				*October 31,*
(In thousands)	*Hierarchy*		*2022*				*2021*

Mortgage loans held for sale (1)	Level 2		$	110,548			$	151,059
Forward contracts	Level 2			752				(107	)
Total			$	111,300			$	150,952
Interest rate lock commitments	Level 3			-				152
Total			$	111,300			$	151,104

(1) The aggregate unpaid principal balance was $110.2 million and $146.5 million at October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is based on independent quoted market prices, where available, or the prices for other mortgage loans with similar characteristics.

The financial services segment had a pipeline of loan applications in process of $583.6 million at October 31, 2022. Loans in process for which interest rates were committed to the borrowers totaled $96.8 million as of October 31, 2022. Substantially all of these commitments were for periods of 60 days or less. Since a portion of these commitments is expected to expire without being exercised by the borrowers, the total commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

In addition, the financial services segment uses investor commitments and forward sales of mandatory MBS to hedge its mortgage-related interest rate exposure. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk. Credit risk is managed by entering into MBS forward commitments, option contracts with investment banks, federally regulated bank affiliates and loan sales transactions with permanent investors meeting the segment’s credit standards. Our risk, in the event of default by the purchaser, is the difference between the contract price and fair value of the MBS forward commitments and option contracts. At October 31, 2022, we had open commitments amounting to $4.0 million to sell MBS with varying settlement dates through December 13, 2022.

The assets accounted for using the fair value option are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in “Financial services” revenue. Changes in fair value that are included in income are shown, by financial instrument and financial statement line item, below:

Year Ended October 31, 2022

Mortgage

Interest Rate

Loans Held

Lock

Forward

(In thousands)

for Sale

Commitments

Contracts

Change in fair value included in financial services revenue

$

385

$

-

$

752

Year Ended October 31, 2021

Mortgage

Interest Rate

Loans Held

Lock

Forward

(In thousands)

for Sale

Commitments

Contracts

Change in fair value included in financial services revenue

$

4,580

$

152

$

(107

)

Year Ended October 31, 2020

Mortgage

Interest Rate

Loans Held

Lock

Forward

(In thousands)

for Sale

Commitments

Contracts

Change in fair value included in financial services revenue

$

3,928

$

11

$

(28

)

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are those assets for which we have recorded valuation adjustments and write-offs during the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021. The assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are all within our homebuilding operations and are summarized below:

Year Ended

October 31, 2022

(In thousands)

Fair

Pre-

Value

Impairment

Hierarchy

Amount

Total Losses

Fair Value

Land and land options held for future development or sale

Level 3

$

10,558

$

(8,374

)

$

2,184

Year Ended

October 31, 2021

(In thousands)

Fair

Pre-

Value

Impairment

Hierarchy

Amount

Total Losses

Fair Value

Sold and unsold homes and lots under development

Level 3

$

11,522

$

(2,009

)

$

9,513

We recorded inventory impairments, which are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as “Inventory impairments and land option write-offs” and deducted from inventory of $8.4 million, $2.0 million and $2.0 million for the years ended October 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively (see Note 12).

The fair value of our cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and customers' deposits approximates their carrying amount, based on Level 1 inputs.

The fair value of each series of our notes and credit facilities are listed below. Level 3 measurements are estimated based on third-party broker quotes or management’s estimate of the fair value based on available trades for similar debt instruments.

Fair Value as of October 31, 2022

(In thousands)		*Level 1*				*Level 2*				*Level 3*				*Total*
Senior Secured Notes:
10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due November 15, 2025			-				-				165,844				165,844
7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026			-				-				240,393				240,393
10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026			-				-				272,966				272,966
11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026			-				-				162,566				162,566
Senior Notes:
13.5% Senior Notes due February 1, 2026			-				-				94,282				94,282
5.0% Senior Notes due February 1, 2040			-				-				55,654				55,654
Senior Credit Facilities:
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility due February 1, 2027			-				-				31,301				31,301
Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loan Credit Facility due January 31, 2028			-				-				85,247				85,247
Total fair value		$	-			$	-			$	1,108,253			$	1,108,253

Fair Value as of October 31, 2021

(In thousands)		*Level 1*				*Level 2*				*Level 3*				*Total*
Senior Secured Notes:
10.0% Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Notes due November 15, 2025			-				-				167,348				167,348
7.75% Senior Secured 1.125 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026			-				-				366,426				366,426
10.5% Senior Secured 1.25 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026			-				-				300,913				300,913
11.25% Senior Secured 1.5 Lien Notes due February 15, 2026			-				-				162,548				162,548
Senior Notes:
13.5% Senior Notes due February 1, 2026			-				-				92,331				92,331
5.0% Senior Notes due February 1, 2040			-				-				63,084				63,084
Senior Credit Facilities:
Senior Unsecured Term Loan Credit Facility due February 1, 2027			-				-				28,196				28,196
Senior Secured 1.75 Lien Term Loan Credit Facility due January 31, 2028			-				-				86,046				86,046
Total fair value		$	-			$	-			$	1,266,892			$	1,266,892

The Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility is not included in the above tables because there were no borrowings outstanding thereunder as of October 31, 2022 and 2021.

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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