UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarter ended March 31, 2021
or
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-39812

Midwest Holding Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	20-0362426
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
2900 S. 70th, Suite 400, Lincoln, NE	68506
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (402) 489-8266

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class:	Trading Symbol(s):Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Voting Common Stock, $0.001 par value	MDWT The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ☐	Accelerated filer  ☐
Non-accelerated filer  ☐	Smaller reporting company  ☒
	Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or reviewed financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 1, 2021, there were 3,737,564 shares of the registrant’s Voting Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, issued and outstanding.

MIDWEST HOLDING INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item No.	Item Caption	Page
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	4
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	39
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	51
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	51

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item No.	Item Caption	Page
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	51
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	51
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	52
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	53
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	53
Item 5.	Other Information	53
Item 6.	Exhibits	54
	Signatures	55

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MIDWEST HOLDING INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
		(Unaudited)
Assets
Investments, available for sale, at fair value fixed maturities (amortized cost: $484,140,375 and $369,156,068, respectively) (See Note 4)	$	493,069,034	$	377,163,358
Mortgage loans on real estate, held for investment		109,776,321		94,989,970
Derivative instruments (See Note 5)		9,473,398		11,361,034
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: $42,089,014 in 2021 and zero in 2020)		42,093,166		—
Other invested assets		25,606,108		21,897,130
Investment escrow		3,317,043		3,174,047
Preferred stock		4,300,591		3,897,980
Notes receivable		5,737,608		5,665,487
Policy loans		48,551		45,573
Total investments		693,421,820		518,194,579
Cash and cash equivalents		100,927,152		151,679,274
Deferred acquisition costs, net		19,676,745		13,456,303
Premiums receivable		313,115		313,601
Accrued investment income		9,095,093		6,806,836
Reinsurance recoverables (See Note 9)		38,715,577		32,146,042
Intangible assets		700,000		700,000
Property and equipment, net		101,980		103,964
Operating lease right of use assets		317,715		348,198
Other assets		1,799,371		1,533,179
Assets associated with business held for sale (See Note 2)		1,122,481		1,118,783
Total assets	$	866,191,049	$	726,400,759
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Benefit reserves	$	12,784,452	$	12,775,773
Policy claims		164,377		161,703
Deposit-type contracts (See note 11)		714,300,232		597,868,472
Advance premiums		3,111		2,541
Deferred gain on coinsurance transactions		20,596,683		18,198,757
Lease liabilities (See Note 13):
Operating lease		364,128		396,911
Other liabilities		31,230,201		9,552,791
Liabilities associated with business held for sale (See Note 2)		1,115,682		1,114,312
Total liabilities		780,558,866		640,071,260
Contingencies and Commitments (See Note 12)
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; authorized 2,000,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020		—		—
Voting common stock, $0.001 par value; authorized 20,000,000 shares; 3,737,564 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively; non-voting common stock, $0.001 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively		3,738		3,738
Additional paid-in capital		133,853,945		133,592,605
Treasury stock		(175,333)		(175,333)
Accumulated deficit		(55,122,540)		(53,522,078)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		7,072,373		6,430,567
Total stockholders' equity		85,632,183		86,329,499
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	866,191,049	$	726,400,759

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

MIDWEST HOLDING INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Revenues
Premiums	$	—	$	21
Investment income, net of expenses		2,887,363		1,240,978
Net realized (loss) gain on investments (See Note 4)		(4,649,105)		22,600,010
Amortization of deferred gain on reinsurance		460,856		182,438
Service fee revenue, net of expenses		438,146		380,267
Other revenue		248,969		9,777
Total (loss) revenue		(613,771)		24,413,491
Expenses
Interest credited		(2,346,403)		211,202
Benefits		79		(7,103)
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs		502,737		40,509
Salaries and benefits		2,927,227		824,896
Other operating expenses		(1,529,297)		1,325,113
Total expenses		(445,657)		2,394,617
(Loss) income continuing from operations before taxes		(168,114)		22,018,874
Income tax expense (See Note 8)		(1,432,348)		(407,916)
Net (loss) income from continued operations		(1,600,462)		21,610,958
Less: (Loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interest		—		(62,500)
Net (loss) income attributable to Midwest Holding, Inc.		(1,600,462)		21,548,458
Comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments arising during period, net of offsets, net of tax ($180,885 and $961,012, respectively)		962,880		(4,170,973)
Unrealized losses on foreign currency		—		(405,275)
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net realized gains on investments, net of tax ($85,348 and $4.7 million, respectively)		(321,074)		(22,600,010)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		641,806		(27,176,258)
Comprehensive loss	$	(958,656)	$	(5,627,800)
Earnings (loss) income per common share
Basic	$	(0.43)	$	10.55
Diluted	$	(0.43)	$	10.43

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

MIDWEST HOLDING INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

					Additional								Total
	Treasury		Common		Paid-In		Accumulated				Noncontrolling		Stockholders’
	Stock		Stock		Capital		Deficit		AOCI*		Interest		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	—	$	2,042	$	54,494,355	$	(41,081,710)	$	619,584	$	124,477	$	14,158,748
Net loss		—		—		—		(12,440,368)		—		—		(12,440,368)
Capital raise, net of $5,914,995 related expenses		—		1,696		79,310,109		—		—		—		79,311,805
Reverse stock split fractions retired		(175,333)		—		—		—		—		—		(175,333)
Employee stock options		—		—		163,664		—		—		—		163,664
Purchase of remaining 49% of 1505 Capital LLC		—		—		(375,523)		—		—		(124,477)		(500,000)
Unrealized gains on investments, net of taxes		—		—		—		—		5,957,168		—		5,957,168
Unrealized losses on foreign currency, net of taxes		—		—		—		—		(146,185)		—		(146,185)
Balance, December 31, 2020		(175,333)		3,738		133,592,605		(53,522,078)		6,430,567		—		86,329,499
Net loss		—		—		—		(1,600,462)		—		—		(1,600,462)
Employee stock options		—		—		261,340		—		—		—		261,340
Unrealized gains on investments, net of taxes		—		—		—		—		641,806		—		641,806
Balance, March 31, 2021	$	(175,333)	$	3,738	$	133,853,945	$	(55,122,540)	$	7,072,373	$	—	$	85,632,183

* Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

MIDWEST HOLDING INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net (loss) income attributable to Midwest Holding, Inc.	$	(1,600,462)	$	21,548,458
Adjustments to arrive at cash provided by operating activities:
Net premium and discount on investments		(279,584)		37,978
Depreciation and amortization		13,567		15,321
Stock options		261,340		11,934
Net transfers to noncontrolling interest		—		62,500
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs		502,737		40,509
Deferred acquisition costs capitalized		(6,774,293)		(1,483,941)
Net realized losses (gains) on investments		4,649,105		(22,600,010)
Deferred coinsurance ceding commission		2,397,926		1,033,940
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Reinsurance recoverables		(6,164,935)		2,617,495
Interest and dividends due and accrued		(2,288,257)		(1,052,329)
Premiums receivable		486		5,599
Policy liabilities		(4,305,256)		1,699,134
Other assets and liabilities		21,408,109		379,158
Other assets and liabilities - discontinued operations		(2,328)		703
Net cash provided by operating activities		7,818,155		2,316,449
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Securities available for sale:
Purchases		(176,433,779)		(39,723,572)
Proceeds from sale or maturity		61,831,341		3,852,943
Mortgage loans on real estate, held for investment purchases
Purchases		(16,446,861)		(33,342,545)
Proceeds from sale		1,660,510		2,069,950
Derivatives
Purchases		(4,157,582)		(651,661)
Proceeds from sale		660,355		—
Purchase of equity securities		(42,093,166)		—
Other invested assets
Purchases		(5,159,712)		(2,715,965)
Proceeds from sale		1,307,738		2,388,560
Preferred stock		(474,732)		—
Net change in policy loans		(2,978)		(22,720)
Net purchases of property and equipment		(10,350)		(8,998)
Net cash used in investing activities		(179,319,216)		(68,154,008)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Finance lease		—		(111)
Receipts on deposit-type contracts		123,653,931		47,815,010
Withdrawals on deposit-type contracts		(2,904,992)		(186,689)
Net cash provided by financing activities		120,748,939		47,628,210
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		(50,752,122)		(18,209,349)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning		151,679,274		43,716,205
Ending	$	100,927,152	$	25,506,856

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

MIDWEST HOLDING INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Operations

Midwest Holding Inc. (“Midwest,” “the Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) was incorporated in Nebraska on October 31, 2003 for the primary purpose of operating a financial services company. The Company redomesticated from the State of Nebraska to the state of Delaware on August 27, 2020. The Company is in the life and annuity insurance business and operates through its wholly owned subsidiaries, American Life & Security Corp. (“American Life”),  and 1505 Capital LLC (“1505 Capital”) as well as through its sponsored captive reinsurance company, Seneca Reinsurance Company, LLC (“Seneca Re”).

American Life is a Nebraska-domiciled life insurance company, which is also commercially domiciled in Texas, that is currently licensed to sell, underwrite, and market life insurance and annuity products in 21 states and the District of Columbia.

On April 2, 2019, we obtained a 51% ownership in 1505 Capital, a Delaware limited liability company, that was established in 2018 to provide financial and investment advisory and management services to clients and related investment activities. On June 15, 2020, we purchased the remaining 49% ownership in 1505 Capital for $500,000. 1505 Capital’s financial results have been consolidated with the Company’s since the date of its acquisition.

Effective March 12, 2020, Seneca Reinsurance Company, LLC (“Seneca Re”), a Vermont limited liability company, was formed by Midwest to operate as a sponsored captive insurance company for the purpose of insuring and reinsuring various types of risks of its participants through one or more protected cells and to conduct any other business or activity that is permitted for sponsored captive insurance companies under Vermont insurance regulations. On March 30, 2020, Seneca Re received its Certification of Authority to transact the business of a captive insurance company. On May 12, 2020, Midwest contributed $300,000 to Seneca Re for a 100% ownership interest. As of May 13, 2020, Seneca Re established Seneca Protected Cell 2020-01, a protected cell of Seneca Re (“SRC1”).  Effective December 21, 2020, Seneca Re converted SRC1 to Seneca Incorporated Cell, LLC 2020-01. Midwest contributed $3,000,000 to capitalize SRC1. Crestline Management, L.P. (“Crestline Management”), a Delaware limited partnership, through an affiliated entity (see below) owns approximately 11.9% of Midwest’s voting common stock. On July 24, 2020, the Nebraska Department of Insurance (“NDOI”) issued its non-disapproval of the Funds Withheld Coinsurance and Modified Coinsurance Agreement with Seneca Incorporated Cell, LLC 2020-02 (“SRC2”) of Seneca Re, now known as Crestline Re SP1. Effective December 8, 2020, American Life entered into a novation agreement with SRC2 and Crestline Re SPC, an exempted segregated portfolio company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, for and on behalf of Crestline Re SP1, a segregated portfolio company of Crestline Re SPC, under which the above-described reinsurance, trust and related asset management agreements were novated and replaced with substantially similar agreements entered into by American Life and Crestline Re SP1.

On April 24, 2020, Midwest entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Crestline Assurance Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Crestline Assurance”) Xenith, and Vespoint, and Pursuant to the Agreement, Crestline Assurance purchased 444,444 shares of the Company’s voting common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“common stock”), at a purchase price of $22.50 per share for $10.0 million. Also, effective as of April 24, 2020, in a separate transaction, Midwest sold 231,655 shares of common stock to various investors at $22.50 per share for $5.227 million. Under the agreement, the Company contributed $5.0 million to American Life.

Also, effective April 24, 2020, American life entered into a Master Letter Agreement with Seneca Re and Crestline Management regarding a flow of annuity reinsurance and related asset management, whereby Crestline Management agreed to provide reinsurance funding for a quota share percentage of 25% of the liabilities of American Life arising from its multi-year guaranteed annuities (“MYGA”) and a quota share percentage of 40% for American Life’s fixed indexed annuity (“FIA”) products. This agreement expires on April 24, 2023.

In December 2020, the Company completed a public offering of its voting common stock for gross proceeds of $70,000,000 (see Note 17). In connection therewith, the Company's voting common stock was approved for listing and began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market upon the closing of the public offering.

7

Management evaluates the Company as one reporting segment in the life insurance industry. The Company is primarily engaged in the underwriting and marketing of annuity products and life insurance through American Life, and then reinsuring such products with third-party reinsurers, and since May 13, 2020, with SRC1. The Company’s historical product offerings consisted of a multi-benefit life insurance policy that combined cash value life insurance with a tax deferred annuity and a single premium term life product. These product offerings were underwritten, marketed, and managed as a group of similar products on an overall portfolio basis. American Life presently offers five products, two MYGA, a FIA, and two bonus plans associated with the FIA product. It is not presently offering any traditional life insurance products.

Basis of Presentation

These consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 and year ended December 31, 2020 have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation and certain immaterial reclassifications have been made to the prior period results to conform to the current period’s presentation with no impact on results of operations or total stockholders’ equity. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and noted thereto for the year ended December 31, 2020 included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K.

Investments

All fixed maturities owned by the Company are considered available-for-sale and are included in the consolidated financial statements at their fair value as of the financial statement date. Premiums and discounts on fixed maturity debt instruments are amortized using the scientific-yield method over the term of the bonds. Realized gains and losses on securities sold during the year are determined using the specific identification method. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of applicable income taxes, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Declines in the fair value of available-for-sale securities below their amortized cost are evaluated to assess whether any other-than-temporary impairment loss should be recorded. In determining if these losses are expected to be other-than-temporary, the Company considers severity of impairment, duration of impairment, forecasted recovery period, industry outlook, the financial condition of the issuer, issuer credit ratings, and the intent and ability of the Company to hold the investment until the recovery of the cost.

The recognition of other-than-temporary impairment losses on debt securities is dependent on the facts and circumstances related to the specific security. If the Company intends to sell a security or it is more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell a security prior to recovery of the amortized cost, the difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized in the statement of comprehensive income as an impairment. If the Company does not expect to recover the amortized basis, does not plan to sell the security, and if it is not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell a security before the recovery of its amortized cost, the recognition of the impairment is bifurcated. The Company recognizes the credit loss portion as realized losses and the noncredit loss portion in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The credit component of other-than-temporary impairment is determined by comparing the net present value of projected cash flows with the amortized cost basis of the debt security. The net present value is calculated by discounting the Company’s best estimate of projected future cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the fixed income security at the date of acquisition. Cash flow estimates are driven by assumptions regarding probability of default, including changes in credit ratings, and estimates regarding timing and amount of recoveries associated with a default. The Company had no impairment recognized as of March 31, 2021. As of year-ended December 31, 2020, the Company analyzed the securities portfolio and determined that an impairment of approximately $35,000 should be recorded for one security, an impairment of $500,000 was recognized on a preferred stock, and a valuation allowance of $776,973 established on one lease. The valuation allowance on the lease of $776,973 was released as of March 31, 2021 due to the sale of the investment. The remaining investments were not impaired as of December 31, 2020.  

Investment income consists of interest, dividends, gains and losses from equity method investments, and real estate income, which are recognized on an accrual basis along with the amortization of premiums and discounts.

Certain available-for-sale investments are maintained as collateral under funds withheld and modified coinsurance agreements but the assets and total returns or losses on the asset portfolios belong to the third-party reinsurers. American Life

8

has treaties with several third-party reinsurers that have funds withheld and modified coinsurance provisions. In a modified coinsurance arrangement (“Modco”), the ceding entity retains the assets equal to the modified coinsurance reserves retained. In a funds withheld coinsurance agreement (“FW”), assets that would normally be paid over to a reinsurer are withheld by the ceding company to permit statutory credit for unauthorized reinsurers to reduce the potential credit risk. The unrealized gains/losses on those investments are passed through to the third-party reinsurers as either a realized gain or loss on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Mortgage loans on real estate, held for investment

Mortgage loans on real estate, held for investment are carried at unpaid principal balances. Interest income on mortgage loans on real estate, held for investment, is recognized in net investment income at the contract interest rate when earned. A mortgage loan is considered to be impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the mortgage agreement. Valuation allowances on mortgage loans are established based upon losses expected by management to be realized in connection with future dispositions or settlements of mortgage loans, including foreclosures. The Company establishes valuation allowances for estimated impairments on an individual loan basis as of the balance sheet date. Such valuation allowances are based on the excess carrying value of the loan over the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. These evaluations are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available. No such valuation allowance was established for the as of March 31, 2021 or as of December 31, 2020, respectively.

Investment escrow

The Company held in escrow $3,317,043 and $3,174,047 as of March 31, 2021 and of December 31, 2020, respectively. The cash was used to settle other invested assets that closed in April 2021 and January 2021, respectively.

Other invested assets

The Company purchases and sells equipment leases in its investment portfolio. Other invested assets also includes loans held for investments. The Company entered into a fund investment on November 3,2020 for $15.8 million with an additional $3.9 million invested on December 16, 2020. At December 31, 2020, we had a $19.7 million investment in the fund. Effective January of 2021, this investment was repackaged into a special purpose vehicle between American Life and  PF Collinwood Holdings, LLC (“PFC”) with American Life owning 100% of the entity. Subsequent to the repackaging of the fund investment into the special purpose vehicle, the classification of the investment remains in other invested assets.

Derivative Instruments

Derivatives are used to hedge the risks experienced in our ongoing operations, such as equity, interest rate, and cash flow risks, or for other risk management purposes, which primarily involve managing liability risks associated with our indexed annuity products and reinsurance agreements. Derivatives are financial instruments whose values are derived from interest rates, foreign exchange rates, financial indices, or other underlying notional amounts. Derivative assets and liabilities are carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

To qualify for hedge accounting, at the inception of the hedging relationship, we would formally document our designation of the hedge as a cash flow or fair value hedge and our risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedging transaction. In this documentation, we would identify how the hedging instrument is expected to hedge the designated risks related to the hedged item, the method that would be used to retrospectively and prospectively assess the hedging instrument’s effectiveness and the method which would be used to measure ineffectiveness. A derivative designated as a hedging instrument must be assessed as being highly effective in offsetting the designated risk of the hedged item. Hedge effectiveness is formally assessed at inception and periodically throughout the life of the designated hedging relationship.

During the last quarter of 2020, the Company began investing in foreign currency futures to hedge the fluctuations in the foreign currency.  The formal documentation and hedge effectiveness was also not completed at the date we entered into those futures contracts; therefore, they do not qualify for hedge accounting. The futures fair market values were recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss as realized gains or (losses).

9

Additionally, reinsurance agreements written on a funds withheld or Modco basis contain embedded derivatives on our fixed indexed annuity product. Gains or (losses) associated with the performance of assets maintained in the modified coinsurance deposit and funds withheld accounts are reflected as realized gains or (losses) in Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Equity Securities

Equity securities at March 31, 2021 and 2020 consist of mutual funds. Equity securities are carried at fair value with the change in fair value recorded through realized gains and losses on the statement of operations.

Preferred Stock

Preferred stock of a non-affiliated company was purchased for $500,000 during the third quarter of 2019. An impairment analysis of the preferred stock was performed as of June 30, 2020, due to a change in valuation of an invested asset held by the non-affiliated company. The investment asset had collateral supporting the investment that was less than the book value of the asset; therefore, the Company impaired the full amount of $500,000 as of December 31, 2020. This was recorded as a reduction of the asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and a bad debt expense on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. There was no additional impairment of this preferred stock as of March 31, 2021.

The Company authorized a series of transactions between American Life and Ascona Group Holdings Ltd (“AGH”). One of the transactions involved the acquisition of Pound Sterling (“GBP”) 3,345,022 of preferred equity in Ascona Group Holdings Limited (“the Preferred Equity”) along with warrants bearing no initial assigned value (the “Warrants” as of September 28, 2020.  American Life initially created a special purpose vehicle called Ascona Asset Holding LLC (“AAH”) to hold the Preferred Equity and Warrants, and later created Ascona Collinwood HoldCo LLC (“ACH”) to be the sole member of AAH.  American Life and Crestline Re SP1 own 74% and 26%, respectively, of ACH.

Notes receivable

The Company held in notes receivable as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, a note of $5,737,608 and $5,665,487, respectively, between American Life and a third-party that was rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”). This note is being carried at the fair market value.  

Policy loans

Policy loans are carried at unpaid principal balances. Interest income on policy loans is recognized in net investment income at the contract interest rate when earned. No valuation allowance is established for these policy loans as the amount of the loan is fully secured by the death benefit of the policy and cash surrender value.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company held approximately GBP 47,621 and GBP 505,349 in several of our custody accounts, respectively. The USD equivalent held was approximately $65,703 and $690,787, respectively. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company held approximately EUR 527,981 and 87,633, respectively.  The USD equivalent held was approximately $620,536 and $107,000, respectively. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had realized losses of approximately $75,000 and gains of approximately $45,000, respectively, related to the change in the foreign currency exchange rate of the GBP and Euro that were recorded in realized (losses) gains on investments in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. The Company had money market investments of approximately $61.2 million and $100.6 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Deferred acquisition costs

Deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) consist of incremental direct costs, net of amounts ceded to third-party reinsurers, that result directly from and are essential to the contract acquisition transaction and would not have been incurred by the Company had the contract acquisition not occurred. These costs are capitalized, to the extent recoverable, and amortized over the life of

10

the premiums produced. The Company evaluates the types of acquisition costs it capitalizes. The Company capitalizes agent compensation and benefits and other expenses that are directly related to the successful acquisition of contracts. The Company also capitalizes expenses directly related to activities performed by the Company, such as underwriting, policy issuance, and processing fees incurred in connection with successful contract acquisitions.

Recoverability of deferred acquisition costs is evaluated periodically by comparing the current estimate of the present value of expected pretax future profits to the unamortized asset balance. If this current estimate is less than the existing balance, the difference is charged to expense. The Company performs a recoverability analysis annually in the fourth quarter unless events occur which require an immediate review. The Company determined that no events occurred in the three months ended March 31, 2021 that suggest a review should be undertaken. The Company performed a recoverability analysis during the fourth quarter of 2020 and determined that all DAC balances were recoverable as of December 31, 2020.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation. Annual depreciation is primarily computed using straight-line methods for financial reporting and straight-line and accelerated methods for tax purposes. Furniture and equipment is depreciated over 3 to 7 years and computer software and equipment is generally depreciated over 3 years. Depreciation expense totaled $12,334 and $10,316 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Accumulated depreciation totaled $1,035,668 and $1,023,334 as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Replacements and improvements which extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized. The net book value of assets sold or retired are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in earnings.

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable and exceeds estimated future undiscounted cash flows of the asset. A recognized impairment loss reduces the carrying amount of the asset to its fair value. Management has determined that no such events occurred in the three months ended March 31, 2021 that would indicate the carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

Reinsurance

In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to limit any single exposure to losses on large risks by purchasing reinsurance. The amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets as reinsurance recoverable include amounts billed to reinsurers on losses paid as well as estimates of amounts expected to be recovered from reinsurers on insurance liabilities that have not yet been paid. Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses are estimated based upon assumptions consistent with those used in establishing the liabilities related to the underlying reinsured contracts. Insurance liabilities are reported gross of reinsurance recoverable. Management believes the recoverables are appropriately established. The Company generally strives to diversify its credit risks related to reinsurance ceded. Reinsurance premiums are generally reflected in income in a manner consistent with the recognition of premiums on the reinsured contracts. Reinsurance does not extinguish the Company’s primary liability under the policies written. Therefore, the Company regularly evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers including their activities with respect to claim settlement practices and commutations, and establishes allowances for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable as appropriate. There were no allowances established as of March 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.

We expect to reinsure substantially all of our new insurance policies with a variety of reinsurers in exchange for upfront ceding commissions, expense reimbursements and administrative fees. Under these reinsurance agreements, we expect there will be a monthly or quarterly settlement of premiums, claims, surrenders, collateral, and other administration fees. We believe this will help preserve American Life’s capital while supporting its growth because American Life will have lower capital requirements when its business is reinsured due to lower overall financial exposure versus retaining the insurance policy business itself. See Note 8 below for further discussion of our reinsurance activities.

There are two main categories of reinsurance transactions: 1) “indemnity,” where we cede a portion of our risk but retain the legal responsibility to our policyholders should our reinsurers not meet their financial obligations; and 2) “assumption,”

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where we transfer the risk and legal responsibilities to the reinsurers. The reinsurers are required to acquire the appropriate regulatory and policyholder approvals to convert indemnity policies to assumption policies.

Our reinsurers may be domestic or foreign capital markets investors or traditional reinsurance companies seeking to assume U.S. insurance business. We plan to mitigate the credit risk relating to reinsurers generally by requiring other financial commitments from the reinsurers to secure the reinsured risks (such as posting substantial collateral). It should be noted that under indemnity reinsurance agreements American Life remains exposed to the credit risk of its reinsurers. If one or more reinsurers become insolvent or are otherwise unable or unwilling to pay claims under the terms of the applicable reinsurance agreement, American Life retains legal responsibility to pay policyholder claims, which, in such event would likely materially and adversely affect the capital and surplus of American Life.

As indicated above under “Nature of operations,” Midwest formed Seneca Re in early 2020. On April 15, 2020, Midwest entered into an operating agreement with Seneca Re and as of December 31, 2020, Seneca Re has one incorporated cell, Seneca Incorporated Cell, LLC 2020-01 (“SRC1”) which was consolidated in our financial statements.

Effective December 8, 2020, American Life entered into a novation agreement with SRC2 and Crestline Re SPC, an exempted segregated portfolio company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, for and on behalf of Crestline Re SP1, an exempted segregated portfolio company of Crestline Re SPC, under which the above-described reinsurance, trust and related asset management agreements were novated and replaced with substantially similar agreements entered into by American Life and Crestline Re SP1.

Some reinsurers are not and may not be “accredited” or qualified as reinsurers under Nebraska Law. In order to enter into reinsurance agreements with such reinsurers and to reduce potential credit risk, American Life holds a deposit or withholds funds from the reinsurer or requires the reinsurer to maintain a trust that holds assets backing up the reinsurer’s obligation to pay claims on the business it assumes. The reinsurer may also appoint an investment manager for such funds, which in some cases may be our investment adviser subsidiary, 1505 Capital, to manage these assets pursuant to guidelines adopted by us that are consistent with state investment statutes and reinsurance regulations.

American Life currently has treaties with several third-party reinsurers and one related party reinsurer. Of the third-party reinsurers, only three have funds withheld or modified coinsurance provisions. In a modified coinsurance arrangement, the ceding entity retains the assets equal to the modified coinsurance reserves retained. In a funds withheld coinsurance agreement, assets that would normally be paid over to a reinsurer are withheld by the ceding company to permit statutory credit for unauthorized reinsurers, to reduce the potential credit risk. Under those provisions with third-party reinsurers, the assets backing the treaties are maintained by American Life as investments but the assets and total returns or losses on the investments are owned by the reinsurers. Under GAAP, this arrangement is considered an embedded derivative as discussed in Note 5 below. As a result of recent market volatility, assets carried as investments on American Life’s financial statements for the third-party reinsurers contained unrealized gains of approximately $2.5 million and $2.9 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The terms of the contracts with the third-party reinsurers provide that unrealized gains on the portfolios accrue to the third-party reinsurers. Accordingly, the unrealized gains on the assets held by American Life were offset by a gain in the embedded derivative of $400,000 and a loss $2.9 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. We account for this unrealized loss pass-through by recording equivalent realized losses on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss and in amount payable to our third-party reinsurers on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Benefit reserves

The Company establishes liabilities for amounts payable under insurance policies, including traditional life insurance and annuities. Generally, amounts are payable over an extended period of time. Liabilities for future policy benefits of traditional life insurance have been computed by a net level premium method based upon estimates at the time of issue for investment yields, mortality and withdrawals. These estimates include provisions for experience less favorable than initially expected. Mortality assumptions are based on industry experience expressed as a percentage of standard mortality tables.

Policy claims

Policy claims are based on reported claims plus estimated incurred but not reported claims developed from trends of historical data applied to current exposure.

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Deposit-type contracts

Deposit-type contracts consist of amounts on deposit associated with deferred annuities, premium deposit funds and supplemental contracts without life contingencies.

Deferred gain on coinsurance transactions

American Life has entered into four reinsurance contracts where it has earned or is earning ceding commissions.  These ceding commissions are recorded as a deferred liability and amortized over the life of the business ceded. American Life receives commission, administrative, and option allowances from reinsurance transactions that represent recovery of acquisition costs. These allowances first reduce the DAC associated with the reinsured blocks of business with the remainder being included in the deferred gain on coinsurance transactions that is also being amortized.  

Income taxes

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. federal and various state jurisdictions. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, or local tax examinations by tax authorities for the years before 2016. The Company is not currently under examination for any open years. The provision for income taxes is based on income as reported in the financial statements. The income tax provision is calculated under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets are recorded based on the differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities at the enacted tax rates. The principal assets and liabilities giving rise to such differences are investments, insurance reserves, and deferred acquisition costs. A deferred tax asset valuation allowance is established when there is uncertainty that such assets would be realized. The Company has no uncertain tax positions that it believes are more-likely-than not that the benefit will not to be realized. When applicable, the Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties in income tax expense.

Revenue recognition and related expenses

Amounts received as payment for annuities are recognized as deposits to policyholder account balances and included in future insurance policy benefits. Revenues from these contracts are comprised of fees earned for administrative and contract-holder services and cost of insurance, which are recognized over the period of the contracts, and included in revenue. Deposits are shown as a financing activity in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Revenues from ceding commissions on traditional life and annuity products are deferred on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized over the life of the policies.

Revenues on traditional life insurance products consist of direct and assumed premiums reported as earned when due.

Liabilities for future policy benefits are provided and acquisition costs are amortized by associating benefits and expenses with earned premiums to recognize related profits over the life of the contracts. Acquisition costs are amortized over the expected life of the annuity contracts.

Revenues on service fees and third-party administration fees are recorded as income when incurred.

Comprehensive loss

Comprehensive loss is comprised of net (loss) income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses from marketable securities classified as available for sale and unrealized gains and losses from foreign currency transactions, net of applicable taxes. American Life has treaties with several third-party reinsurers that have funds withheld and modified coinsurance provisions. Under those provisions, the assets backing the treaties are maintained by American Life as collateral but are owned by the third-party reinsurers, thus, the total return on the asset portfolio belongs to the third-party reinsurers. Under GAAP this is considered an embedded derivative as discussed in Note 5 below. As a result of recent market volatility, the investments carried by American Life for the third-party reinsurers contained unrealized gains of approximately $2.5 million and $2.9 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

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The terms of the contracts with the third-party reinsurers provided that unrealized gains on the portfolios accrue to the third-party reinsurers. We account for this gain pass through by booking equivalent embedded derivative realized losses or gains in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, such gains of $400,000 and of $23.2 million, respectively, were recorded. The remaining investments retained by American Life as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, had unrealized gains of approximately $5.9 million and $5.1 million, respectively, that included unrealized gains from assets held for SRC1.

Basic (loss) earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was ($0.43) and $10.55, respectively, which included the aforementioned gain of $400,000 and $23.2 million, respectively. Basic loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 without the aforementioned gain was ($0.55)  and ($0.83), respectively.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made on the Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020. These reclassifications do not impact the overall Net loss or Net loss per common shares line items of the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-1, Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)-Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815. The amendments in this update clarify certain interactions between the guidance to account for certain equity securities under Topic 321, the guidance to account for investments under the equity method of accounting in Topic 323, and the guidance in Topic 815, which could change how an entity accounts for an equity security under the measurement alternative or a forward contract or purchased option to purchase securities that, upon settlement of the forward contract or exercise of the purchased option, would be accounted for under the equity method of accounting or the fair value option in accordance with Topic 825, Financial Instruments. This amendment was adopted effective January 1, 2021.  As of March 31, 2021, the Company does not have any equity method transactions or options to purchases securities that would fall under this update; therefore, there is no impact to the Company at this time.

Future adoption of New Accounting Standards

In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financials Services Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (topic 842). The board developed a philosophy to extend and simplify how effective dates are staggered between larger public companies and all other entities. For business entities that meet the definition of a smaller reporting company (“SRC”), the amendments in ASU 2018-12 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944). This update 1) modifies the timeliness of recognizing changes in the liability for future policy benefits and modifies the rate used to discount future cash flows, 2) simplifies the accounting for certain market-based options or guarantees associated with deposit contracts, 3) simplifies the amortization of deferred acquisition costs, and 4) addresses the effectiveness of the required disclosures. This ASU becomes effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2023. We anticipate that the adoption of ASU 2018-12 will have a broad impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and will require us to make changes to certain of our processes, systems and controls. We are unable to determine the impact at this time of ASU No. 2018-12 as we are still in the process of evaluating the standard.

In December 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-12, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts, as amended by ASU 2019-09, Financial Services —Insurance (Topic 944). The new guidance (i) prescribes the discount rate to be used in measuring the liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited payment long-duration contracts, and requires assumptions for those liability valuations to be updated after contract inception, (ii) requires more market-based product guarantees on certain separate account and other account balance long-duration contracts to be accounted for at fair value, (iii) simplifies the amortization of DAC for virtually all long-duration contracts, and (iv) introduces certain financial statement presentation requirements, as well as significant additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures. The new standard becomes effective after December 15, 2023 , and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 for companies eligible as smaller reporting companies. Early application of the amendments in Update 2018-12 is permitted.

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In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. The amendments in this update include items brought to the Board’s attention by stakeholders to clarify the guidance in the amendments in ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) which was issued in June 2016. These updated amendments clarify that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Under ASU 2016-13, this replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to perform credit loss estimates. This update changes the methodology from an incurred loss to an expected credit loss. An allowance for the expected credit loss will be set up and the net income will be impacted. The credit losses will be evaluated in the current period and an adjustment to the allowance can be made. The new standard becomes effective after December 15, 2022. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of the new standard on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 2. Assets and Liabilities Associated with Business Held for Sale

On November 30, 2018, American Life entered into an Assumption and Indemnity Reinsurance Agreement (“Reinsurance Agreement”) with Unified Life Insurance Company (“Unified”), an unaffiliated Texas domiciled stock insurance company. The Reinsurance Agreement provides that American Life will cede and Unified will agree to reinsure, on an indemnity reinsurance basis, 100% of the liabilities and obligations under substantially all of American Life’s life, annuity, and health policies (“Policies”). The Agreement closed on December 10, 2018, as previously disclosed in Midwest’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on December 12, 2018. The effective date of the Agreement was July 1, 2018.

After the closing of the Reinsurance Agreement, Unified began the process of preparing and delivering certificates of assumption and other materials to policyholders of American Life in order to effect an assumption of the Policies by Unified such that all of American Life’s rights and obligations under the policies arising on and after July 1, 2018 would be completely assumed by Unified without further indemnification or other obligations, except for liabilities, claims and obligations incurred before July 1, 2018. Unified is obligated to indemnify American Life against all liabilities and claims and all of its policy obligations from and after July 1, 2018.

As of March 31, 2021 and 2020, 90%  and 81%, respectively, of the indemnity policies were converted to assumptive policies thereby releasing American Life from all of its legal obligations related to those policies.

The consideration paid by Unified to American Life under the Reinsurance Agreement upon closing was $3,500,000 (“Ceding Commission”), subject to minor settlement adjustments. At closing, American Life transferred the statutory reserves and liabilities directly related to the policies, to Unified.

The Ceding Commission is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the policies. When the policies are converted to assumptive, meaning American Life has no liability exposure for those policies, the remaining Ceding Commission is recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss as of March 31, 2021 and 2020 were $7,628 and $67,451, respectively.

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Our Consolidated Balance Sheets were required to be restated under GAAP for all periods shown with the assets and liabilities which were ceded by American Life to Unified into separate line items as assets and liabilities held for sale. The table below summarizes the assets and liabilities that are included in discontinued operations as of March 31, 2021 and as of December 31, 2020:

	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2021		2020
Carrying amounts of major classes of assets included as part of discontinued operations:
Policy loans	$	33,614	$	33,161
Reinsurance recoverables		1,057,488		1,061,979
Premiums receivable		31,379		23,643
Total assets held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets	$	1,122,481	$	1,118,783
Carrying amounts of major classes of liabilities included as part of discontinued operations:
Benefit reserves	$	600,534	$	594,710
Policy claims		24,029		35,302
Deposit-type contracts		489,166		482,966
Advance premiums		335		71
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		1,618		1,263
Total liabilities held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets	$	1,115,682	$	1,114,312

Note 3. Non-controlling Interest

On April 2, 2019, Midwest entered into a contract to acquire a 51% ownership in 1505 Capital LLC (“1505 Capital”), a Delaware limited liability company. 1505 Capital was organized to provide financial and investment advisory and management services to clients and any related investment, trading, or financial activities. Midwest purchased for $1.00 its 51% ownership and on June 15, 2020, purchased the remaining 49% ownership in 1505 Capital for $500,000. As of March 31, 2021 we had no noncontrolling interest and as of March 31, 2020, the non-controlling interest was carried at $186,977, respectively.

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Note 4. Investments

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investments as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:

			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Estimated
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
March 31, 2021:
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government obligations	$	2,050,526	$	72,518	$	3,941	$	2,119,103
Foreign governments		1,601,810		—		59,622		1,542,188
Mortgage-backed securities		25,177,296		801,599		150,316		25,828,579
Collateralized loan obligations		294,652,723		7,445,031		836,415		301,261,339
States and political subdivisions -- general obligations		106,228		11,102		—		117,330
States and political subdivisions -- special revenue		5,288,295		839,535		4,703		6,123,127
Trust preferred		2,218,142		—		65,604		2,152,538
Corporate		153,045,355		1,350,165		470,690		153,924,830
Total fixed maturities	$	484,140,375	$	10,519,950	$	1,591,291	$	493,069,034
Mortgage loans on real estate, held for investment		109,776,321		—		—		109,776,321
Derivatives		12,582,719		2,021,763		5,131,084		9,473,398
Equity securities		42,089,014		4,152		—		42,093,166
Other invested assets		25,606,108		—		—		25,606,108
Investment escrow		3,317,043		—		—		3,317,043
Preferred stock		4,300,591		—		—		4,300,591
Notes receivable		5,737,608		—		—		5,737,608
Policy loans		48,551		—		—		48,551
Total investments	$	687,598,330	$	12,545,865	$	6,722,375	$	693,421,820
December 31, 2020:
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government obligations		5,744,221	$	426,427	$	5,665		6,164,983
Mortgage-backed securities		14,638,299		276,219		157,104		14,757,414
Asset-backed securities		216,500,672		5,623,083		350,146		221,773,609
States and political subdivisions -- general obligations		106,528		10,802		—		117,330
States and political subdivisions -- special revenue		5,293,365		908,986		147		6,202,204
Trust preferred		2,218,142		66,674		—		2,284,816
Corporate		124,654,841		1,379,513		171,352		125,863,002
Total fixed maturities		369,156,068		8,691,704		684,414		377,163,358
Mortgage loans on real estate, held for investment		94,989,970		—		—		94,989,970
Derivatives		8,532,252		3,257,069		428,287		11,361,034
Other invested assets		21,897,130		—		—		21,897,130
Investment escrow		3,174,047		—		—		3,174,047
Preferred stock		3,897,980		—		—		3,897,980
Notes receivable		5,665,487		—		—		5,665,487
Policy loans		45,573		—		—		45,573
Total investments	$	507,358,507	$	11,948,773	$	1,112,701	$	518,194,579

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The following table shows the distribution of the credit ratings of our portfolio of fixed maturity securities by carrying value as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

	March 31, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Carrying				Carrying
	Value		Percent		Value		Percent
AAA and U.S. Government	$	16,259,820	3.3	%	$	3,070,750	0.8	%
AA		60,286,560	12.2			5,818,163	1.5
A		8,295,924	1.7			49,445,266	13.1
BBB		367,244,456	74.5			247,635,730	65.7
Total investment grade		452,086,760	91.7			305,969,909	81.1
BB and other		40,982,274	8.3			71,193,449	18.9
Total	$	493,069,034	100.0	%	$	377,163,358	100.0	%

Reflecting the quality of securities maintained by us, 91.7 and 81.1% of all fixed maturity securities were investment grade.

The following table summarizes, for all fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the estimated fair value, pre-tax gross unrealized loss, and number of securities by consecutive months they have been in an unrealized loss position.

	March 31, 2021						December 31, 2020
			Gross		Number				Gross		Number
	Estimated		Unrealized		of		Estimated		Unrealized		of
	Fair Value		Loss		Securities(1)		Fair Value		Loss		Securities(1)
Fixed Maturities:
Less than 12 months:
U.S. government obligations	$	181,710	$	856		1	$	54,910	$	180		2
Foreign governments		1,542,188		59,622		2		—		—		—
Mortgage-backed securities		6,199,138		150,316		8		5,707,617		157,104		5
Collateralized loan obligations		49,601,561		783,611		81		14,878,370		246,969		19
States and political subdivisions -- special revenue		773,149		4,703		13		5,584		147		1
Trust preferred		2,152,538		65,604		3		—		—		—
Corporate		12,024,859		411,096		18		3,859,616		104,262		7
Greater than 12 months:
U.S. government obligations		75,560		3,085		3		119,700		5,485		4
Collateralized loan obligations		2,906,839		52,804		3		7,020,479		103,177		6
Corporate		411,218		59,594		4		287,473		67,090		3
Total fixed maturities	$	75,868,760	$	1,591,291		136	$	31,933,749	$	684,414		47

(1) We may reflect a security in more than one aging category based on various purchase dates.

Our securities positions resulted in a gross unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2021 that was greater than the gross unrealized loss position at December 31, 2020 due to a decline in the market. We performed an analysis and determined that there were no indicators that we should do a cash flow testing analysis and no impairment was required as of March 31, 2021. During the impairment analysis performed at December 31, 2020 one of our assets had been in a loss position for over two years and had a decrease in its credit rating since 2019; therefore, the cashflow testing on that security determined an impairment existed so we had an impairment of $35,000 recorded.  As of March 31, 2021, management believes the Company will fully recover its cost basis in the remaining securities and management does not have the intent to sell, nor is it more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell, such securities until they recover or mature.

The majority of the unrealized losses are related to our collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”). CLOs are typically illiquid and are intended to be held to maturity. Thus, risk of loss is minimal. The Company has monitored the underlying unrealized

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losses and believes they pose minimal risk of material loss in the long-term due to the quality of the underlying credits  The loss on the CLOs as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were related to interest rates and not credit related losses.

See the discussion above under “Comprehensive loss” in Note 1 regarding unrealized gains/losses on investments that are owned by our reinsurers and the corresponding offset carried as a gain in the associated embedded derivative.

The Company purchases and sells equipment leases in its investment portfolio. As of March 31, 2021, the Company owned several leases. An impairment analysis was completed on the only non-performing lease in the portfolio in June 2020 and it was determined that the underlying collateral value was substantially less than the outstanding remaining lease payments of $3.6 million. The Company in June 2020 recognized a valuation allowance of $776,973 on that asset. During March 2021, the non-performing asset was sold for a loss of $2.4 million. The valuation allowance was released and a loss of $2.4 million was recognized; however, this asset was held on behalf of a third-party reinsurer. Therefore, due to the terms of the reinsurance agreements, the loss was passed through to the third-party reinsurer by reducing its investment income earned.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturities as of March 31, 2021, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. No securities due in the next year are in an unrealized loss position, further supporting management’s decision not to recognize an other-than-temporary impairment.

	Amortized		Estimated
	Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	39,416,008	$	39,490,973
Due after one year through five years		81,750,979		82,444,187
Due after five years through ten years		123,414,500		126,327,202
Due after ten years through twenty years		189,358,612		193,167,354
Due after twenty years		50,200,276		51,639,318
	$	484,140,375	$	493,069,034

The Company is required to hold assets on deposit for the benefit of policyholders in accordance with statutory rules and regulations. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, these required deposits had a total amortized cost of $3,425,344 and $3,361,830 and fair values of $3,534,064 and $3,486,914, respectively.

Mortgage loans consist of the following:

		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Industrial	$	—	$	1,250,000
Commercial mortgage loan - multi-family		56,992,974		66,916,151
Other		52,783,347		26,823,819
Total mortgage loans	$	109,776,321	$	94,989,970

Geographic Locations:

As of March 31, 2021, the commercial mortgages loans were secured by properties geographically dispersed throughout the United States (with the largest concentrations in New York (24%), Pennsylvania (12%), California (12%)) and included loans secured by properties in Europe (11%). As of December 31, 2020, the commercial mortgages loans were secured by properties geographically dispersed throughout the United States (with the largest concentrations in New York (28%), Pennsylvania (14%), California (14%)) and included loans secured by properties in Europe (12%).

The loan-to-value ratio is expressed as a percentage of the amount of the loan relative to the value of the underlying property. A loan-to-value ratio in excess of 100% indicates the unpaid loan amount exceeds the underlying collateral. The following represents the loan-to-value ratio of the commercial mortgage loan portfolio, excluding those under development, net of valuation allowances.

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Commercial Mortgage Loans

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0%-59.99%	$	62,245,607	$	49,279,601
60%-69.99%		10,123,145		22,349,295
70%-79.99%		15,724,612		23,361,074
80% or greater		21,682,957		—
Total mortgage loans	$	109,776,321	$	94,989,970

The components of net investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and year ended December 31, 2020 was as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Fixed maturities	$	3,050,777	$	1,167,614
Mortgage loans		173,777		2,524
Other		55,813		—
Gross investment income		3,280,367		1,170,138
Less: investment (expenses) refund		(393,004)		70,840
Investment income, net of expenses	$	2,887,363	$	1,240,978

Proceeds for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 from sales of investments classified as available-for-sale were $61,831,341 and $3,852,943, respectively. Gross gains of $572,807 and $149,548 and gross losses of $166,386 and $24,832 were realized on those sales during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The proceeds included those assets associated with the third-party reinsurers.  The gains and losses relate only to the assets retained by American Life.

Note 5. Derivative Instruments

The Company enters into derivative instruments to manage risk, primarily equity, interest rate, credit, foreign currency and market volatility.

The following is a summary of the notional amount, number of contracts and fair value of our asset and liability derivatives of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:  

		March 31, 2021					December 31, 2020
	Location in the
	Consolidated
Derivatives Not Designated	Statement of	Notional		Number of	Estimated		Notional		Number of	Estimated
as Hedging Instruments	Balance Sheets	Amount		Contracts	Fair Value		Amount		Contracts	Fair Value
Equity-indexed options	Derivatives	$	369,592,465	328	$	8,769,901	$	272,853,853	252	$	11,361,034
Equity-indexed embedded derivatives	Deposit-type contracts		364,115,193	2,826		89,030,443		311,964,195	2,101		84,501,492

For December 31, 2020 reporting, the methodology used to bifurcate the GAAP liability into host contract and embedded derivative was refined.  In prior reporting periods a simplified approach was followed given the size of the block, which set the value of the embedded derivative equal to the market value of the options held to provide for the current indexed crediting obligation.  At December 31, 2020, the value of the embedded derivative now considers all amounts projected to be paid in excess of the minimum guarantee (the amounts payable without any indexation increases) over future periods.  The host contract reflects the minimum guaranteed values.  For informational purposes only, the GAAP liability at December 31, 2020 under the old approach would have been $320,306,031, split as $308,608,885 host contract and $11,697,146 embedded derivative.

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The following table summarizes the impact of those embedded derivatives related to the funds withheld provision where the total return on the asset portfolio is passed through to the third-party-reinsurers:

	March 31, 2021						December 31, 2020
	Book Value		Market Value		Total Return		Book Value		Market Value		Total Return
Portfolio	Assets		Assets		Swap Value		Assets		Assets		Swap Value
Ironbound	$	99,580,060	$	100,714,751	$	(1,134,691)	$	98,714,156	$	99,747,812	$	(1,033,656)
SDA		30,008,920		30,177,243		(168,323)		27,224,279		27,479,836		(255,557)
US Alliance		36,986,356		37,401,248		(414,892)		35,707,207		36,360,501		(653,294)
Crestline Re SP1		94,802,319		95,590,421		(788,102)		62,162,766		63,130,867		(968,101)
Total	$	261,377,655	$	263,883,663	$	(2,506,008)	$	223,808,408	$	226,719,016	$	(2,910,608)

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the total return swap value was recorded as a decrease of $2,506,008 and an increase of $2,910,608, respectively. The decrease in our unrealized gain of $404,600 resulted in a decrease in our amounts recoverable from reinsurers on our Consolidated Balance Sheets since December 31, 2020 and a realized gain of $404,600 and realized loss of $2,910,608, respectively on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.  

Note 6. Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. We use valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, or unobservable, meaning those that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

● Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

● Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

● Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

A review of fair value hierarchy classifications is conducted on a quarterly basis. Changes in the valuation inputs, or their ability to be observed, may result in a reclassification for certain financial assets or liabilities. Reclassifications impacting Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are reported as transfers in/out of the Level 3 category as of the beginning of the period in which the reclassifications occur.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.

Level 1 measurements

Cash equivalents: The carrying value of cash equivalents and short-term investments approximate the fair value because of the short maturity of the instruments.

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Level 2 measurements

Cash: The carrying value of cash approximates the fair value because of the short maturity of the instruments.

Investment escrow: The Company had one asset in escrow in escrow as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 that was used to settle a mortgage loan that did not close until April 2021 and January 2021,respectively. The asset held in escrow at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was carried at cost.

Fixed maturity securities: Fixed maturity securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis utilizing a third-party pricing source such as the Clearwater AVS+ SVO pricing. The valuations are reviewed and validated quarterly through random testing by comparisons to separate pricing models or other third-party pricing services. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and year ended December 31, 2020, there were no material changes to the valuation methods or assumptions used to determine fair values, and no broker or third-party prices were changed from the values received.

Derivatives: Derivatives are reported at fair market value utilizing a third-party pricing source such as the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P’) 500 index and the S&P Multi-Asset Risk Control (“MARC”) 5% index.

Equity securities: Equity securities at March 31, 2021 and 2020 consist of mutual funds. Equity securities are carried at fair value with the change in fair value recorded through realized gains and losses on the statement of operations.

Notes receivable: The Company held in notes receivable as of March 31, 2021 and December 30, 2020, a note of $5,737,608 and $5,665,487, respectively, that includes paid-in-kind (“PIK”) interest, between American Life and a third-party that was rated by a NRSRO. This note is being carried at the fair market value.

Level 3 measurements

Fixed maturity securities: The carrying value of assets classified as fixed maturity securities are generally carried at fair value. The Company invests in assets that are classified as fixed maturity securities that include term loans where the cost of those securities are considered their fair value; therefore, these assets are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

Mortgage loans on real estate, held for investment: Mortgage loans are generally stated at principal amounts outstanding, net of deferred expenses and allowance for loan loss. The Company determined that the net principal amount represents the fair value of the mortgages. Interest on loans is recognized on an accrual basis at the applicable interest rate on the principal amount outstanding. Loan origination fees and direct costs, as well as premiums and discounts, are amortized as level yield adjustments over the respective loan terms. Unamortized net fees or costs are recognized upon early repayment of the loans. Loan commitment fees are generally deferred and amortized on an effective yield basis over the term of the loan. Impaired loans are generally carried on a non-accrual status. Loans are ordinarily placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the collection of principal or interest is unlikely, or when the collection of principal or interest is 90 days or more past due.

Other invested assets: The carrying value of assets classified as other investments approximates fair value. Other invested assets include equipment leases, a fund investment, and loans held for investments. The inputs used to measure the fair value of these assets are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

Preferred stock:  The preferred stock investment was recorded at its principal value as there was no traded market values for this stock.

Policy loans: Policy loans are stated at unpaid principal balances. As these loans are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of the underlying insurance policies, the carrying value of the policy loans approximates their fair value.

Deposit-type contracts: The fair value for direct and assumed liabilities under deposit-type insurance contracts (accumulation annuities) is calculated using a discounted cash flow approach. Cash flows are projected using actuarial assumptions and discounted to the valuation date using risk-free rates adjusted for credit risk and nonperformance risk of the liabilities. The fair values for insurance contracts other than deposit-type contracts are not required to be disclosed.

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Embedded derivative for equity-indexed contracts: The Company has embedded derivatives in its FIA policyholder obligations. These embedded derivatives are being carried at the fair market value as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The fair value of the embedded derivative component of our FIA obligation is estimated at each valuation date by projecting policy contract values and minimum guaranteed contract values over the expected lives of the contracts and discounting the excess of projected contract value amounts at the applicable risk-free interest rates adjusted for our nonperformance risk related to those obligations. The projections of FIA policy contract values are based on best estimate assumptions for future policy growth and decrements including lapse, partial withdrawal and mortality rates. The best estimate assumptions for future policy growth include assumptions for expected index credits on the next policy anniversary date which are derived from fair values of the underlying equity call options purchased to fund such index credits and the present value of expected costs of annual call options purchased in the future by us to fund index credits beyond the next policy anniversary. The projections of minimum guaranteed contract values include the same best estimate assumptions for policy decrements as assumptions used to project policy contract values. 

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The following table presents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for those financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

			Significant
	Quoted		Other		Significant
	In Active		Observable		Unobservable		Estimated
	Markets		Inputs		Inputs		Fair
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Value
March 31, 2021
Financial assets
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. government obligations	$	—	$	2,119,103	$	—	$	2,119,103
Foreign governments				1,542,188				1,542,188
Mortgage-backed securities		—		25,828,579		—		25,828,579
Collateralized loan obligations		—		301,261,339		—		301,261,339
States and political subdivisions — general obligations		—		117,330		—		117,330
States and political subdivisions — special revenue		—		6,123,127		—		6,123,127
Trust preferred		—		2,152,538		—		2,152,538
Corporate		—		30,912,098		123,012,732		153,924,830
Total fixed maturity securities		—		370,056,302		123,012,732		493,069,034
Mortgage loans on real estate, held for investment		—		—		109,776,321		109,776,321
Derivatives		—		9,473,398		—		9,473,398
Equity securities		—		42,093,166		—		42,093,166
Other invested assets		—		—		25,606,108		25,606,108
Investment escrow		—		3,317,043		—		3,317,043
Preferred stock		—		—		4,300,591		4,300,591
Notes receivable		—		5,737,608		—		5,737,608
Policy loans		—		—		48,551		48,551
Total Investments	$	—	$	430,677,517	$	262,744,303	$	693,421,820
Financial liabilities
Embedded derivative for equity-indexed contracts	$	—	$	—	$	89,030,443		89,030,443
December 31, 2020
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. government obligations	$	—	$	6,164,983	$	—	$	6,164,983
Mortgage-backed securities		—		14,757,414		—		14,757,414
Collateralized loan obligations		—		221,773,609		—		221,773,609
States and political subdivisions — general obligations		—		117,330		—		117,330
States and political subdivisions — special revenue		—		6,202,204		—		6,202,204
Trust preferred		—		2,284,816		—		2,284,816
Corporate		—		18,608,995		107,254,007		125,863,002
Total fixed maturity securities		—		269,909,351		107,254,007		377,163,358
Mortgage loans on real estate, held for investment		—		—		94,989,970		94,989,970
Derivatives		—		11,361,034		—		11,361,034
Other invested assets		—		—		21,897,130		21,897,130
Investment escrow		—		3,174,047		—		3,174,047
Preferred stock		—		—		3,897,980		3,897,980
Notes receivable		—		5,665,487		—		5,665,487
Policy loans		—		—		45,573		45,573
Total Investments	$	—	$	290,109,919	$	228,084,660	$	518,194,579
Financial liabilities
Embedded derivative for equity-indexed contracts	$	—	$	—	$	84,501,492		84,501,492

There were no transfers of financial instruments between any levels during the three months ended March 31, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2020 we transferred third-party corporate bonds between level 2 and level 3.

Accounting standards require disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis are discussed above. There were no financial assets or financial liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

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The following disclosure contains the carrying values, estimated fair values and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy for financial assets and financial liabilities as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively:

	March 31, 2021
			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices in
			Active Markets		Significant Other		Significant
			for Identical Assets		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		and Liabilities		Inputs		Inputs		Fair
	Amount		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Value
Assets:
Policy loans	$	48,551	$	—	$	—	$	48,551	$	48,551
Cash and cash equivalents		100,927,152		61,217,719		39,709,433		—		100,927,152
Liabilities:
Policyholder deposits (Deposit-type contracts)		714,300,232		—		—		714,300,232		714,300,232

	December 31, 2020
			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices in
			Active Markets		Significant Other		Significant
			for Identical Assets		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		and Liabilities		Inputs		Inputs		Fair
	Amount		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Value
Assets:
Policy loans	$	45,573	$	—	$	—	$	45,573	$	45,573
Cash and cash equivalents		151,679,274		100,566,580		51,112,694		—		151,679,274
Liabilities:
Policyholder deposits (Deposit-type contracts)		597,868,472		—		—		597,868,472		597,868,472

The following tables present a reconciliation of the beginning balance for all investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis using level three inputs during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

	As of						As of
	December 31,							March 31,
	2020		Additions		Sales		2021
Assets
Fixed maturities	$	107,254,007	$	30,204,134	$	14,445,409		123,012,732
Mortgage loans on real estate,
held for investment		94,989,970		16,446,861		1,660,510		109,776,321
Other invested assets		21,897,130		5,016,716		1,307,738		25,606,108
Preferred stock		3,897,980		402,611		—		4,300,591
Policy loans		45,573		2,978		—		48,551
Total Investments	$	228,084,660	$	52,073,300	$	17,413,657	$	262,744,303

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	As of										As of
	December 31,							Valuation				December 31,
	2019		Additions		Sales			Allowance	Impairment		2020
Assets
Fixed maturities	$	—	$	107,254,007	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	107,254,007
Mortgage loans on real estate,
held for investment		13,810,041		99,356,435		18,176,506		—		—		94,989,970
Other invested assets		2,468,947		74,722,714		54,517,558		(776,973)				21,897,130
Preferred stock		500,000		3,897,980		—		—		(500,000)		3,897,980
Policy loans		106,014		—		60,441		—		—		45,573
Total Investments	$	16,885,002	$	285,231,136	$	72,754,505	$	(776,973)	$	(500,000)	$	228,084,660

Significant Unobservable Inputs—Significant unobservable inputs occur when we could not obtain or corroborate the quantitative detail of the inputs. This applies to fixed maturity securities, preferred stock, mortgage loans and certain derivatives, as well as embedded derivatives in liabilities. Additional significant unobservable inputs are described below.

Interest sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivative – Significant unobservable inputs we use in the fixed indexed annuities embedded derivative of the interest sensitive contract liabilities valuation include:

1) Nonperformance risk – For contracts we issue, we use the credit spread, relative to the US Department of the Treasury (Treasury) curve based on our public credit rating as of the valuation date. This represents our credit risk for use in the estimate of the fair value of embedded derivatives.

2) Option budget – We assume future hedge costs in the derivative’s fair value estimate. The level of option budgets determines the future costs of the options and impacts future policyholder account value growth.

3) Policyholder behavior – We regularly review the lapse and withdrawal assumptions (surrender rate). These are based on our initial pricing assumptions updated for actual experience. Actual experience may be limited for recently issued products.

The following summarizes the unobservable inputs for available for sale and trading securities and the embedded derivatives of fixed indexed annuities:

	March 31, 2021
(In millions, except for percentages)	Fair value	Valuation technique	Unobservable inputs	Minimum	Maximum	Weighted average*	Impact of an increase in the input on fair value
Interest sensitive contract liabilities - fixed indexed annuities embedded derivatives	$89.0	Option Budget Method	Nonperformance risk	0.3%	1.1%	0.6%	Decrease
			Option budget	1.4%	3.4%	2.5%	Increase
			Surrender rate	0.5%	15% (base) 30% (add'l shock)	7.3%	Decrease
* Weighted by account value

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	December 31, 2020
(In millions, except for percentages)	Fair value	Valuation technique	Unobservable inputs	Minimum	Maximum	Weighted average*	Impact of an increase in the input on fair value
Interest sensitive contract liabilities - fixed indexed annuities embedded derivatives	$84.5	Option Budget Method	Nonperformance risk	0.3%	1.3%	0.7%	Decrease
			Option budget	2.6%	3.4%	2.7%	Increase
			Surrender rate	0.5%	15% (base) 30% (add'l shock)	7.6%	Decrease
* Weighted by account value

Note 7. Earnings Per Share

The par value per each Company share is $0.001 with 20,000,000 voting common shares authorized, 2,000,000 non-voting common shares authorized, and 2,000,000 preferred shares authorized. With the infusion of capital in our December 2020 public offering of voting common stock and the issuance of voting common stock in 3,737,564 voting common shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

(Loss) earnings per basic share attributable to the Company’s voting common stock was computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period. The weighted average number of shares outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, were 3,737,564 and 2,042,670, respectively.

(Loss) earnings per diluted share attributable to the Company’s voting common stock was computed based on the average shares outstanding and options granted under our 2020 and 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plans (“LTIPs”), as if all were vested and exercised. The weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were 3,737,564 and 2,065,045, respectively.

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Note 8. Income Tax Matters

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets:
Loss carryforwards	$	1,945,126	$	1,556,855
Capitalized costs		162,476		174,364
Stock option granted		65,796		14,270
Unrealized losses on investments		1,478,807		1,534,332
Policy acquisition costs		2,308,354		2,243,267
Charitable contribution carryforward		2,490		2,490
Sec 163(j) limitation		155,492		153,809
Benefit reserves		4,316,821		3,568,914
Total deferred tax assets		10,435,362		9,248,301
Less valuation allowance		(8,403,415)		(7,001,687)
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance		2,031,947		2,246,614
Deferred tax liabilities:
Unrealized losses on investments		1,774,671		1,994,232
Due premiums		81,789		81,789
Intangible assets		147,000		147,000
Bond Discount		24,942		20,556
Property and equipment		3,545		3,037
Total deferred tax liabilities		2,031,947		2,246,614
Net deferred tax assets	$	—	$	—

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $8,403,415 and $7,001,687, respectively, on the deferred tax assets to reduce the total to an amount that management believes will ultimately be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon sufficient future taxable income during the period that deductible temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be available to reduce taxable income.

There was income tax expense of $1,432,348 and $407,916 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. This differed from the amounts computed by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% to pretax income, as a result of the following:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Computed expected income tax benefit	$	(35,304)	$	4,610,839
Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from:
IMR and reinsurance		67,045		—
Nondeductible expenses		1,454		(55,233)
Change in valuation allowance		1,401,730		(4,147,690)
Dividends received deduction		(2,577)		—
Subtotal of increases		1,467,652		(4,202,923)
Tax expense	$	1,432,348	$	407,916

Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code limits the utilization of U.S. net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards following a change of control, which occurred on June 28, 2018. As of March 31, 2021, the deferred tax assets included the expected tax benefit attributable to federal NOLs of $9,164,004. The federal NOLs generated prior to June 28, 2018 which are subject to Section 382 limitation can be carried forward. If not utilized, the NOLs of $752,036 prior to 2017 will expire through the year

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of 2032, and the NOLs generated from June 28, 2018 to March 31, 2021 do not expire and will carry forward indefinitely, but their utilization in any carry forward year is limited to 80% of taxable income in that year. The Company believes that it is more likely than not that the benefit from federal NOL carryforwards will not be realized; thus, we have recorded a full valuation allowance of $4,971,956 on the deferred tax assets related to these federal NOL carryforwards.

Loss carry forwards for tax purposes as of March 31, 2021, have expiration dates that range from 2024 through 2040.

Note 9. Reinsurance

A summary of significant reinsurance amounts affecting the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and, 2020, respectively, are as follows:

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets:
Reinsurance recoverables	$	38,715,577	$	32,146,042
Liabilities:
Deposit-type contracts
Direct	$	714,300,232		597,868,472
Reinsurance ceded		(448,843,239)		(405,981,150)
Retained deposit-type contracts	$	265,456,993	$	191,887,322

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Premiums
Direct	$	48,087	$	231,674
Reinsurance ceded		(48,087)		(231,674)
Total Premiums	$	—	$	—
Future policy and other policy benefits
Direct	$	6,856		31,287
Reinsurance ceded		(6,856)		(31,287)
Total future policy and other policy benefits	$	—	$	—

The following table provides a summary of the significant reinsurance balances recoverable on paid and unpaid policy claims by third-party reinsurers except for a reinsurance with Unified as it was accounted for as discontinued operations as of March 31, 2021:

							Recoverable on				Total Amount
			Recoverable		Recoverable		Benefit		Ceded		Recoverable
	AM Best		on Paid		on Unpaid		Reserves/Deposit-		Due		from
Reinsurer	Rating		Losses		Losses		type Contracts		Premiums		Reinsurer
Optimum Re Insurance Company		A	$	—	$	—	$	524,932	$	—	$	524,932
Sagicor Life Insurance Company		A-		—		143,750		11,269,714		273,495		11,139,969
SDA Annuity & Life Re		NR		—		—		3,714,765		—		3,714,765
Crestline SP1		NR		—		—		16,319,419		—		16,319,419
US Alliance Life and Security Company		NR		—		—		7,045,473		28,981		7,016,492
			$	—	$	143,750	$	38,874,303	$	302,476	$	38,715,577

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The following table provides a summary of the significant reinsurance balances recoverable on paid and unpaid policy claims by reinsurer except for Unified as it is accounted for as discontinued operations as of December 31, 2020:

							Recoverable on				Total Amount
			Recoverable		Recoverable		Benefit		Ceded		Recoverable
	AM Best		on Paid		on Unpaid		Reserves/Deposit-		Due		from
Reinsurer	Rating		Losses		Losses		type Contracts		Premiums		Reinsurer
Optimum Re Insurance Company		A	$	—	$	—	$	524,734	$	—	$	524,734
Sagicor Life Insurance Company		A-		—		141,107		11,285,364		276,596		11,149,875
SDA Annuity & Life Re		NR		—		—		3,540,697		—		3,540,697
Crestline SP1		NR		—		—		9,695,427		—		9,695,427
US Alliance Life and Security Company		NR		—		—		7,264,229		28,920		7,235,309
			$	—	$	141,107	$	32,310,451	$	305,516	$	32,146,042

Due to price decreases in the capital markets, our securities positions resulted in changes in the unrealized gains position as of March 31, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020, reported in accumulated other comprehensive income on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As discussed in Note. 1,  American Life has treaties with several third-party reinsurers that have funds withheld and modified coinsurance provisions. Under those provisions, the assets backing the treaties are maintained by American Life as collateral but the assets and total returns or losses on the asset portfolios belong to the third-party reinsurers. Under GAAP this arrangement is considered an embedded derivative as discussed in Note 5. As a result of the change in market prices, the assets had unrealized gains of approximately $2.5 million and $2.9 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The terms of the contracts with the third-party reinsurers provide that unrealized gains on the portfolios accrue to the third-party reinsurers. Accordingly, the unrealized gains on the assets held by American Life were offset by a loss in the embedded derivative of $400,000 and $2.9 million, respectively. We account for this gain pass through by recording equivalent realized losses on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Effective November 7, 2019, American Life entered into a Funds Withheld Coinsurance and Modified Coinsurance Agreement (“FW/Modco SDA Agreement”) with SDA Annuity & Life Re (“SDA”), a Cayman Islands-domiciled reinsurance company. Under the FW/Modco SDA Agreement, American Life cedes to SDA, on a funds withheld coinsurance and modified coinsurance basis, 5% quota share of certain liabilities with respect to its multi-year guaranteed annuity MYGA business and an initial 95% quota share of certain liabilities with respect to its fixed indexed annuity FIA through December 31, 2020 and 30% through March 31, 2021. American Life has established two accounts to hold the assets for the FW/Modco Agreement, a Funds Withheld Account and a Modco Deposit Account.

In addition, a trust account was established on November 7, 2019 among American Life, SDA and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association for the sole benefit of American Life to fund the SDA Funds Withheld Account and the SDA Modco deposit account for any shortage in required reserves.

The initial settlement included net premium income of $3,970,509 and net statutory reserves of $3,986,411. The initial settlement for the funds withheld account was $2,256,802 and for the Modified coinsurance deposit was $1,504,535 and the reserves required was $2,391,847 and $1,594,564, respectively. The amount owed to the funds withheld account and the Modified coinsurance deposit account from the trust account was $135,044 and $90,029, respectively which was funded at the closing of the SDA transaction. Effective August 25, 2020, the quota share was reduced to zero for both MYGA and FIA products.

Effective April 15, 2020, American Life entered into a Funds Withheld and Funds Paid Coinsurance Agreement (“US Alliance Agreement”) between American Life and US Alliance Life and Security Company, a Kansas reinsurance company (“US Alliance”). Under the US Alliance Agreement, American Life will cede to US Alliance, on a funds withheld and funds paid coinsurance basis, an initial 49% quota share of certain liabilities with respect to American Life’s FIA business effective January 1, 2020 through March 31, 2020. Effective from March 1, 2020 through March 10, 2020, American Life will cede a 45.5% quota share of certain liabilities with respect to its MYGA business to US Alliance. Effective March 11, 2020 through March 31, 2020, on a funds withheld and funds paid coinsurance basis, the quota share will increase to 66.5% of certain liabilities with respect to its MYGA business. Effective April 1, 2020, the FIA quota share was reduced to 40% and the MYGA quota share was reduced to 25%. American Life has established a US Alliance Funds Withheld Account to hold the assets for the US Alliance Agreement.

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In addition, a trust account was established among American Life, US Alliance and Capitol Federal Savings Bank, for the sole benefit of American Life to fund the Funds Withheld Account for any shortage in required reserves.

The initial settlement included net premium income of $13,542,325 and net statutory reserves of $14,706,862. The initial settlement for the Funds Withheld Account was $12,729,785 and to the trust account was $812,539 from American Life and $5,000,000 from US Alliance. Effective June 30, 2020, the FIA quota share was reduced to zero and effective July 1, 2020, the MYGA quota share was reduced to zero.

Effective April 24, 2020, American life entered into a Master Letter Agreement with Seneca Re and Crestline Management regarding a flow of annuity reinsurance and related asset management, whereby Crestline Management agreed to provide reinsurance funding for a quota share percentage of 25% of the liabilities of American Life arising from the MYGA and a quota share percentage of 40% of the FIA products. This agreement expires on April 24, 2023.

On July 24, 2020, the Nebraska Department of Insurance (“NDOI”) issued its non-disapproval of the Funds Withheld Coinsurance and Modified Coinsurance Agreement with Seneca Incorporated Cell, LLC 2020-02 (“SRC2”) of Seneca Re, now known as Crestline RE SP1. The agreement closed on July 27, 2020. Under the agreement, American Life ceded to SRC2, on a Funds Withheld and Modified Coinsurance basis, an initial 25% quota share of certain liabilities with respect to American Life’s MYGA business and 40% quota share of certain liabilities with respect to American Life’s FIA business effective April 24, 2020. American Life has established a SRC2 Funds Withheld Account and a Modified Coinsurance Account to hold the assets pursuant to the agreement. The NDOI approved the inclusion of the SRC2 coinsurance in American Life’s March 31, 2020 statutory financial statements.

Effective July 1, 2018, American Life entered into an assumptive and indemnity coinsurance transaction with Unified to transfer 100% of the risk related to the remaining legacy block of business, see Note 2 above for further discussion. We transferred $19,311,616 of GAAP net adjusted reserves as of July 1, 2018 to Unified for cash of $14,320,817, which was net of a ceding allowance of $3,500,000 plus the accrued interest on the transaction from July 1, 2018 until it closed on December 10, 2018. Unified assumed certain responsibilities for incurred claims, surrenders and commission from the effective date.

The ceding commission of $3,500,000 was recorded net of the difference between statutory and GAAP net adjusted reserves, the elimination of DAC of $1,890,013, value of business acquired (“VOBA“) of $338,536, and the remaining deferred profit from our legacy business of $26,896. The remaining $3,069,690 was reflected as a deferred gain and will be recognized into income over the expected duration of the legacy blocks of business. As of March 31, 2021 and 2020, Unified had converted 90% and 81%, respectively, of the indemnity coinsurance to assumptive coinsurance. American Life had amortization income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, of $7,629 and $67,451, respectively. The ending deferred ceding commission as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $269,306 and $276,935, respectively.

Under GAAP, ceding commissions are deferred on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized over the period of the policyholder contracts. The tables below shows the ceding commissions from the reinsurers excluding SRC1 and what was earned on a GAAP basis:

		Three months ended March 31,
		2021								2020
Reinsurer	Effective Date of Transaction	Gross Ceding Commission		Expense Allowances(1)		Interest on Ceding Commissions		Earned Ceding Commission		Gross Ceding Commission		Expense Allowances		Interest on Ceding Commissions		Earned Ceding Commission
Ironbound Reinsurance Company Limited	July 2019	$	—	$	14,457	$	54,445	$	122,216	$	674,645	$	673,612	$	45,369	$	95,740
SDA Annuity & Life Re	November 2019		—		24,317		21,712		46,072		298,982		548,464		13,526		7,153
US Alliance Life and Security Company(2)	November 2019		2,178		20,735		15,339		66,606		—		—		—		—
Crestline SP1	July 2020		2,345,135		4,678,207		49,855		215,762		—		—		—		—
		$	2,347,313	$	4,737,716	$	141,351	$	450,656	$	973,627	$	1,222,076	$	58,895	$	102,893

(1) Includes acquisition and administrative expenses, commission expense allowance and product development fees.

(2) US Alliance Life and Security Company funds withheld and funds paid treaty.

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The tables below shows the ceding commissions deferred on each reinsurance transaction on a GAAP basis:

		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Reinsurer	Effective Date of Transaction	Deferred Ceding Commission		Deferred Ceding Commission
US Alliance Life and Security Company(1)	September 2017	$	169,726	$	172,297
Unified Life Insurance Company(1)	July 2018		269,306		276,935
Ironbound Reinsurance Company Limited(2)	July 2019		5,634,707		5,642,095
SDA Annuity & Life Re(2)	November 2019		2,662,423		2,703,496
US Alliance Life and Security Company(3)	April 2020		2,446,254		2,472,559
Crestline SP1	July 2020		9,414,267		6,931,375
		$	20,596,683	$	18,198,757

(1) These reinsurance transactions on our legacy business received gross ceding commissions on the effective dates of the transaction. The difference between the statutory net adjusted reserves and the GAAP adjusted reserves plus the elimination of DAC and value of business acquired related to these businesses reduces the gross ceding commission with the remaining deferred and amortized over the lifetime of the blocks of business.

(2) These reinsurance transactions include the ceding commissions and expense allowances which are accounted for as described in (1).

(3) US Alliance Life and Security Company funds withheld and funds paid treaty.

The use of reinsurance does not relieve American Life of its primary liability to pay the full amount of the insurance benefit in the event of the failure of a reinsurer to honor its contractual obligation for all blocks of business except what is included in the Unified transaction. The reinsurance agreement with Unified discharges American Life’s responsibilities once all the policies have changed from indemnity to assumptive reinsurance. No reinsurer of business ceded by American Life has failed to pay policy claims (individually or in the aggregate) with respect to our ceded business.

American Life monitors several factors that it considers relevant to satisfy itself as to the ongoing ability of a reinsurer to meet all obligations of the reinsurance agreements. These factors include the credit rating of the reinsurer, the financial strength of the reinsurer, significant changes or events of the reinsurer, and any other relevant factors. If American Life believes that any reinsurer would not be able to satisfy its obligations with American Life, separate contingency reserves may be established. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, no contingency reserves were established.

American Life expects to reinsure substantially all of its new insurance policies with a variety of reinsurers in exchange for upfront ceding commissions, expense reimbursements and administrative fees. American Life may retain some business with the intent to reinsure some or all at a future date.

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Retained and Reinsurer Balance Sheets

The tables below shows the retained and reinsurance condensed balance sheets:

	March 31, 2021						December 31, 2020
	Retained		Reinsurance		Consolidated		Retained		Reinsurance		Consolidated
Assets
Total investments		305,022,890		388,398,930		693,421,820		185,367,430		332,827,149		518,194,579
Cash and cash equivalents		72,613,680		28,313,472		100,927,152		102,334,579		49,344,695		151,679,274
Accrued investment income		3,193,353		5,901,740		9,095,093		1,955,938		4,850,898		6,806,836
Deferred acquisition costs, net		19,676,745		—		19,676,745		13,456,303		—		13,456,303
Reinsurance recoverables (See Note 8)		—		38,715,577		38,715,577		—		32,146,042		32,146,042
Other assets		2,918,643		1,436,019		4,354,662		2,685,341		1,432,384		4,117,725
Total assets	$	403,425,311	$	462,765,738	$	866,191,049	$	305,799,591	$	420,601,168	$	726,400,759
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Policyholder liabilities	$	265,456,993	$	461,795,179	$	727,252,172	$	191,887,322	$	418,921,167	$	610,808,489
Deferred gain on coinsurance transactions		20,596,683		—		20,596,683		18,198,757		—		18,198,757
Other liabilities		31,739,452		970,559		32,710,011		9,384,013		1,680,001		11,064,014
Total liabilities	$	317,793,128	$	462,765,738	$	780,558,866	$	219,470,092	$	420,601,168	$	640,071,260
Stockholders’ Equity:
Voting common stock		3,738		—		3,738		3,738		—		3,738
Additional paid-in capital		133,678,612		—		133,678,612		133,417,272		—		133,417,272
Accumulated deficit		(55,122,540)		—		(55,122,540)		(53,522,078)		—		(53,522,078)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		7,072,373		—		7,072,373		6,430,567		—		6,430,567
Total Midwest Holding Inc.'s stockholders' equity	$	85,632,183	$	—	$	85,632,183	$	86,329,499	$	—	$	86,329,499
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	403,425,311	$	462,765,738	$	866,191,049	$	305,799,591	$	420,601,168	$	726,400,759

Note 10. Long-Term Incentive Plans

2019 Plan

On June 11, 2019, our Board of Directors approved the Midwest Holding Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan (the ”2019 Plan”) that reserves up to 102,000 shares of our voting common stock for award issuances.  It provides for the grant of options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance units, performance bonuses, stock awards and other incentive awards to eligible employees, consultants and eligible directors, subject to the conditions set forth in the 2019 Plan. All awards are required to be established, approved, and/or granted by the compensation committee of our Board.

On July 19, 2019, we granted stock options for 17,900 shares of voting common stock under the 2019 Plan that are exercisable during a ten-year period after the date of grant at a price of $25.00 per share, with one-third exercisable after July 17, 2021 and two-thirds exercisable after July 17, 2023. The fair market value of the shares was $8.00 per share at the grant date. Using the Black Scholes Model we determined the compensation expense was $143,200 over the vesting term of the stock options. The factors we used to determine the expense were: the weighted average fair market value at grant date of $8.00 per share, the exercise price of $25.00 per share, the option term of 10 years, an annual risk-free interest rate of 1.84% based upon the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate at grant date, volatility of the price of the stock before the date of the grants, the amount of shares and the closely held nature of the stock before the grants.

On July 21, 2020, we granted stock options for 26,300 shares of voting common stock. Using the Black Scholes Model we determined the compensation expense was $334,950 over the vesting term of the stock options. The factors we used to determine the expense were: the weighted average fair market value at grant date of $14.50 per share, the exercise price of per share, the time to maturity of 10 years, an annual risk-free interest rate of .55% based upon the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate at grant date and a 60% volatility based on a valuation by an outside evaluator relating to the grants of these options.

On September 15, 2020, we granted stock options for 6,667 shares of voting common stock at an exercise price of $25.00 per share. Using the Black Scholes Model we determined the compensation expense was $144,014 over the vesting term of the stock options. The factors we used to determine the expense were: the weighted average fair market value at grant date of

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$21.60 per share, the exercise price of $41.25 per share, the time to maturity of 10 years, an annual risk-free interest rate of .69% based upon the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate at grant date and a 66.2% volatility based on a valuation by an outside evaluator relating to the grants of these options.

On November 16, 2020, we granted stock options for 35,058 shares of voting common stock at an exercise price of $41.25 per share. Using the Black Scholes Model we determined the compensation expense was $1,032,458 over the vesting term of the stock options. The factors we used to determine the expense were: the weighted average fair market value at grant date of $29.45 per share, the exercise price of $41.25 per share, the time to maturity of 10 years, an annual risk-free interest rate of .91% based upon the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate at grant date and a 66.3% volatility based on a valuation by an outside evaluator relating to the grant of these options.

Also, on November 16, 2020 we granted an award of restricted stock for 18,597 shares of voting common stock to an officer. Using the Black Scholes Model we determined the compensation expense was $547,682 over the vesting term of the stock options. The factors we used to determine the expense were: the weighted average fair market value at grant date of $29.45 per share, the exercise price of $41.25 per share, an annual risk-free interest rate of .91% based upon the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate at grant date and a 66.3% volatility based on a valuation by an outside evaluator relating to this restricted stock grant.

On January 16, 2021 and May 1, 2020, restricted stock and stock options for 4,650 and 200 shares with a fair market value of $29.45 and $8.00 per share, respectively, became vested on the restricted stock and in connection with the resignation of two Board members. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020 we amortized the compensation expense from the stock option grants on the three dates above, over the two and four year vesting tranches, for an expense and additional paid in capital of $261,340 and $163,664, respectively. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the outstanding non-vested stock under the 2019 Plan was 96,322 and 100,972, respectively with  zero and 3,350 shares being forfeited as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

For the three months March 31, 2021 and 2020, we amortized the compensation expense related to the 2019 Plan, from the stock grants on the three dates above, over the two and four year vesting tranches as an expense and an increase in additional paid in capital of $261,340 and $11,933, respectively

The table below shows the remaining non-vested shares under the 2019 Plan:

	March 31, 2021	December 31, 2020
	Stock Options/ Restricted Stock Outstanding(1)	Stock Options Outstanding(1)
Beginning balance	100,972	17,900
Options granted under the 2019 Plan	—	68,025
Restricted stock granted under the 2019 Plan	—	18,597
Forfeited	—	(3,350)
Vested	(4,650)	(200)
Ending Balance	96,322	100,972

(1) Reflects reverse stock split of 500:1 as of August 27, 2020.

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Note 11. Deposit-Type Contracts

The Company’s deposit-type contracts represent the contract value that has accrued to the benefit of policyholders as of the balance sheet date. Liabilities for these deposit-type contracts are included without reduction for potential surrender charges. This liability is equal to the accumulated account deposits, plus interest credited, and less policyholder withdrawals. The following table provides information about deposit-type contracts for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020:

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Beginning balance	$	597,868,472	$	171,168,785
US Alliance		(655,762)		(3,307,587)
Ironbound Reinsurance Company Limited		1,522,105		6,080,196
SDA Annuity & Life Re (includes MVA adjustment and embedded derivative)		(344,905)		3,053,160
Crestline SP1		(2,492,215)		3,606,833
Deposits received		123,653,931		415,561,302
Investment earnings (includes embedded derivative)		(2,346,402)		4,214,828
Withdrawals		(2,904,992)		(2,509,045)
Ending balance	$	714,300,232	$	597,868,472

Note 12. Contingencies and Commitments

Legal Proceedings: We are involved in litigation incidental to our operations from time to time. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings other than litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business, and we are not aware of any claims that could materially affect our financial position or results of operations.

Regulatory Matters: State regulatory bodies and other regulatory bodies regularly make inquiries and conduct examinations or investigations concerning the Company’s compliance with laws in relation to, but not limited to, insurance and securities matters. American Life received a Certificate of Authority to conduct business in Iowa during the first quarter of 2019. American Life received a Certificate of Authority to conduct business during 2020 from each of the following states and the District of Columbia: Utah, Montana, Louisiana and Ohio. American Life has pending applications in six additional states that are expected to be approved by the end of 2021. The Nebraska Department of Insurance (“NDOI”) granted American Life approval to enter into the Funds Withheld Coinsurance and Modified Coinsurance Agreement with Ironbound prior to closing of the agreement in July 2019. The NDOI granted American Life approval to enter into the Funds Withheld Coinsurance and Modified Coinsurance Agreement with SDA prior to closing of the agreement in December 2019. The NDOI granted American Life approval to enter into the Funds Withheld and Funds Paid Coinsurance Agreement with US Alliance prior to closing of the agreement on April 15, 2020. The NDOI granted American Life approval to enter into the Funds Withheld and Modified Coinsurance Agreement with Seneca Re through SRC1 prior to closing of the agreement on May 13, 2020. The NDOI granted American Life approval to enter into the FW and Modco Agreement with Seneca Re SRC2 prior to closing of the agreement on July 27, 2020.

Note 13. Leases

Our operating lease activities consist of leases for office space and equipment. Our finance lease activities consisted of one lease for hardware which we owned at the end of the lease agreement on March 31, 2020. None of our lease agreements include variable lease payments.

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Supplemental balance sheet information as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, are as follows:

		As of		As of
Leases	Classification	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets
Operating	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	317,715	$	348,198
Liabilities
Operating lease	Operating lease liabilities	$	364,128	$	396,911

Our operating and finance leases expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, were as follows:

		Three months ended March 31,
Leases	Classification	2021		2020
Operating	General and administrative expense	$	1,233	$	2,092
Finance lease cost:
	Amortization expense		—		2,913
	Interest expense		—		111

Minimum contractual obligations for our operating leases as of March 31, 2021, are as follows:

	Operating Leases
2021 (excluding three months ended March 31, 2021)	$	122,891
2022		156,608
2023		161,674
2024		13,508
Total remaining lease payments	$	454,681

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Cash payments
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(2,300)	$	(1,035)
Operating cash flows from finance leases		—		1,164

The weighted average remaining lease terms of our operating leases were approximately one and a half years and two years as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The weighted average discount rate used to determine the lease liabilities for finance leases was 6% and operating leases was 8% as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The discount rate used for finance leases was based on the rates implicit in the leases. The discount rate used for operating leases was based on our incremental borrowing rate.

Note 14. Statutory Net Income and Surplus

American Life is required to prepare statutory financial statements in accordance with statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the Nebraska Department of Insurance. Statutory practices primarily differ from GAAP by charging policy acquisition costs to expense as incurred, establishing future policy benefit liabilities using different actuarial assumptions as well as valuing investments and certain assets and accounting for deferred taxes on a different basis. As filed in the statutory-basis annual statement with the Nebraska Department of Insurance, American Life’s statutory net gains for the three months March 31, 2021 and 2020 were $6,109,058 and $423,474, respectively. Capital and surplus of American Life as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $77,818,776 and $77,446,537, respectively. The net gain was primarily due to the ceding commission and reserve adjustments earned on the Ironbound, SDA, US Alliance, SRC1, and Crestline Re SP1 reinsurance transactions; offset by continuing expenses incurred to provide services on the new software and related technology to distribute products through national marketing organizations. For the quarter ended March 31, 2021, the MYGA and FIA sales were

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$9,368,962 and $114,284,969 compared to the MYGA and FIA sales $31,565,506 and $16,249,504 as of March 31, 2020. An additional $3,489,795 of MYGA and $36,050,004 of FIA sales were pending as of March 31, 2021.

State insurance laws require American Life to maintain certain minimum capital and surplus amounts on a statutory basis. Our insurance subsidiary is subject to regulations that restrict the payment of dividends from statutory surplus and may require prior approval from its domiciliary insurance regulatory authorities. American Life is also subject to risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements that may further affect its ability to pay dividends. American Life’s statutory capital and surplus as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, exceeded the amount of statutory capital and surplus necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements, including the RBC requirements.

As of December 31, 2020, American Life had an invested asset that was impaired as a result of the fair market of the underlying collateral being valued less that the book value. This was non-admitted for statutory accounting. This asset was held in our modified coinsurance account for Ironbound so it was passed through to the third-party reinsurer through as a reduction of the investment income earned by the third-party reinsurer.  As of March 31, 2021, this invested asset was sold for a loss of $2.4 million that was passed through to the third-party reinsurer as a reduction of their investment income earned.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, American Life did not hold any participating policyholder contracts where dividends were required to be paid.

Note 15. Third-Party Administration

The Company commenced its third-party administrative (“TPA”) services in 2012 as an additional revenue source. These services are offered to non-affiliated entities. These agreements, for various levels of administrative services on behalf of each company, generate fee income for the Company. Services provided vary based on their needs and can include some or all aspects of back-office accounting and policy administration. TPA fee income earned for TPA administration during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and year ended December 31, 2020 were $207,500 and $8,160, respectively.

Note 16. Reverse Stock Split

On August 10, 2020, Midwest filed Articles of Amendment of Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (“Amendment”) that changed the total number of shares that the Company is authorized to issue to 22,000,000 shares of common stock, of which 20,000,000 were designated as voting common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share and 2,000,000 designated as non-voting common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. The Amendment also provides for 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. The Amendment provided that each 500 shares of voting common stock either issued or outstanding would be converted into one share of voting common stock through a reverse stock split. Fractional shares were not issued in connection with the reverse stock split but were paid out in cash. The Company paid approximately $175,000 for those fractional shares and is now holding treasury stock represented by that amount. The effective date, August 27, 2020, for the reverse stock split was retrospectively applied to these financial statements. Outstanding shares as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, were 3,737,564.

Note 17. Capital Raise

On December 21, 2020, Midwest completed a public offering of 1,000,000 shares of its voting common stock offered by the Company at a price to the public of $70.00 per share.  The Midwest voting common stock was approved for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “MDWT.”

Midwest raised $70,000,000 of gross proceeds from the capital raise and incurred commissions and expenses of approximately $5,914,995 that were offset against those proceeds.  

Note 18. Equity

Preferred stock

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized but none issued or outstanding.

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Common Stock

The voting common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “MDWT”. Midwest has authorized 20,000,000 shares of voting common stock. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Midwest had 3,737,564 shares of voting common stock issued and outstanding.

Midwest holds approximately 4,500 shares of voting common stock in its treasury due to the reverse stock split discussed in Note 16 above.

Additional paid-in capital

Additional paid-in capital is primarily comprised of the cumulative excess cash received by the Company in conjunction with past issuances of its shares.  It also is increased by the amortization expense of the consideration calculated at inception of the stock option grant as discussed in Note. 10 – Long-Term Incentive Plan above.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

AOCI represents the cumulative OCI items that are reported separate from net income and detailed on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. AOCI includes the unrealized gains and losses on investments and DAC, net of offsets and taxes are as follows:

	Unrealized investment gains (losses) on AFS securities, net of offsets		Unrealized gains on foreign currency		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	473,399	$	146,185	$	619,584
Other comprehensive income before Reclassifications		7,398,432		—		7,398,432
Unrealized gains on foreign currency		—		(146,185)		(146,185)
Less: Reclassification adjustments for losses realized in net income		(1,441,264)		—		(1,441,264)
Balance at December 31, 2020		6,430,567		—		6,430,567
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax		962,880		—		962,880
Less: Reclassification adjustments for losses realized in net income, net of tax		(321,074)		—		(321,074)
Balance at March 31, 2021	$	7,072,373	$	—	$	7,072,373

Note 19. Deferred Acquisition Costs

The following table represents a rollforward of DAC, net of reinsurance:

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Beginning balance	$	13,456,303	$	—
Additions		6,681,991		13,919,206
Amortization		(502,737)		(670,233)
Interest		36,855		138,295
Impact of unrealized investment losses		4,333		69,035
Ending Balance	$	19,676,745	$	13,456,303

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the financial condition of the Company as of March 31, 2021, compared with December 31, 2020, and the results of operations for the three  months ended March 31, 2021, compared with corresponding period in 2020 of Midwest Holding Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (“Notes”) presented in “Part 1 – Item 1. Financial Statements” of this Report and our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (“2020 Form 10-K”), including the sections entitled “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors,” and “Part II – Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors

Except for certain historical information contained herein, this report contains certain statements that may be considered “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and such statements are subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements, including without limitation: any projections of revenues, earnings, cash flows, capital expenditures, or other financial items; any statement of plans, strategies, and objectives of management for future operations; any statements concerning new products or services, or developments; any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance; and any statements of belief and any statement of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Words such as “believe,” “may,” “could,” “expects,” “hopes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” and “likely,” and variations of these words, or similar expressions, terms, or phrases, are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, assumptions, and uncertainties, many of which cannot be predicted or quantified, which could cause future events and actual results to differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by, or underlying the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our 2020 Form 10-K and below in Part III – Other Information – Item 1A Risk Factors.

All such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in the events, conditions, or circumstances on which any such statements are based.

Overview

We were formed on October 31, 2003 for the primary purpose of becoming a financial services company. We operate our business primarily through three subsidiaries, American Life, 1505 Capital, and Seneca Re. American Life is licensed to sell, underwrite, and market life insurance and annuity products in 21 states and the District of Columbia and has pending applications in additional states. We also provide insurance company administrative services through a division known as “m.pas” that was formed in 2019.  1505 Capital provides investment advisory and related asset management services.  Seneca Re reinsures various types of the life insurance risks through one or more single purposes entities or “cells.”

In 2018, we began implementation of a new business plan with the purpose of leveraging technology and reinsurance to distribute insurance products through independent marketing organizations (“IMOs”).

American Life’s sales force continues to grow, with eight third-party IMOs presently offering our products. American Life obtained an A.M. Best Rating of B++ in December 2018 that was affirmed in 2020. A.M. Best also upgraded American Life's long-term issuer credit rating to bbb+ from bbb in December 2020.

Beginning in mid-2019, American Life began ceding portions of its MYGA and FIA annuity business to third-party insurance companies and Seneca Re that we refer to as “quota shares.” For detailed information see “Note 9 — Reinsurance” to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q.

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Effective March 12, 2020, we formed Seneca Re for the purpose of reinsuring various types of risks through one or more single purpose entitles, or “protected cells.” On March 30, 2020, Seneca Re received its certificate of authority to transact business as a captive insurance company. On May 12, 2020, we contributed $300,000 to Seneca Re for a 100% ownership interest. Seneca Re has one incorporated cell, Seneca Incorporated Cell, LLC 2020-01 (“SRC1”) as of December 31, 2020. We contributed a total of $15.0 million through December 31, 2020 to capitalize SRC1, which is consolidated in our financial statements.

Effective on April 24, 2020, we raised capital of $5,227,000 from various third-party investors and issued 231,655 shares of voting common stock at $22.50 per share. Also, on April 24, 2020, we signed a securities purchase agreement with Crestline Assurance for additional capital of $10.0 million and issued 444,444 shares of our voting common stock to Crestline Assurance at $22.50 per share.

On August 10, 2020, Midwest filed Articles of Amendment of Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (“Amendment”) that changed the total number of shares it is authorized to issue to 22,000,000 shares of common stock, of which 20,000,000 were designated as voting common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share and 2,000,000 shares were designated as non-voting common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. The Amendment also provides for 2,000,000 shares of authorized preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. The Amendment provided that upon effectiveness, each 500 shares of common stock either issued or outstanding would be converted into one share of voting common stock through a reverse stock split.  The Amendment was effective as of August 27, 2020. Fractional shares were not issued in connection with the reverse stock split but were paid in cash.  The Company paid approximately $175,000 for those fractional shares and is now holding treasury stock represented by that amount.  Outstanding shares as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were 3,737,564.  All prior periods disclosed in this 10-Q have been restated to reflect the reverse stock split per share amounts.

On December 21, 2020, Midwest completed a public offering of 1,000,000 shares of its voting common stock offered by the Company at a price to the public of $70.00 per share.  On December 17, 2020, Midwest voting common stock was listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “MDWT.”  The aggregate net proceeds to the Company were approximately $64.4 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions.

Midwest used the net proceeds of the offering to support the growth of its insurance subsidiaries, American Life, with a capital contribution of $50.0 million, and Seneca Re, with a capital contribution of $7.5 million. The rest of the proceeds were designated for general corporate purposes.

COVID-19

We continue to closely monitor developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic to assess any potential adverse impact on our business. Due to the evolving and highly uncertain nature of this pandemic, it currently is not possible to provide a longer-term estimate of potential insurance or reinsurance exposure or the indirect effects the pandemic may have on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. Management implemented the Company’s business continuity plan in early March 2020 and operated through July 2020 with the majority of employees working remotely.  The employees returned to the office on July 8, 2020.  Operations continued as normal despite a sharp increase in sales during the period. We continue to monitor the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and State of Nebraska guidelines regarding employee safety.

Our management will continue to monitor our investments and cash flows to evaluate the impact as this pandemic evolves.

Unrealized Losses; Embedded Derivatives

American Life has agreements with several third-party reinsurers that have funds withheld (“FW”) and modified coinsurance (“Modco”) coinsurance provisions under which the assets related to the reinsured business are maintained by American Life as collateral; however, ownership of the assets and the total return on the asset portfolios belong to the third-party reinsurers. Under GAAP, this arrangement is considered an embedded derivative as discussed in “Note 5 — Derivative Instruments” to our Consolidated Financial Statements. As a result of price increases in 2021 and late 2020, assets carried as investments on American Life’s financial statements for the third-party reinsurers contained unrealized gains of approximately $2.5 million as of March 31, 2021 compared to unrealized losses of approximately $23.2 million as of March 31, 2020. The terms of the contracts with the third-party reinsurers provide that unrealized gains on the portfolios accrue to the third-party

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reinsurers. We account for these unrealized gains by recording equivalent realized losses on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. Accordingly, the unrealized gains on the assets held by American Life on behalf of the third-party reinsurers were offset by recording an embedded derivative loss of $400,000 and derivative gains of $23.2 million, respectively. If prices of investments fluctuate, the unrealized losses of the third-party reinsurers may also fluctuate; therefore, the associated embedded derivative gain (loss) recognized by us for March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, would be reduced accordingly.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Part II – Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 2020 Form 10-K (“2020 Form 10-K MD&A”) contains a detailed discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates. This report should be read in conjunction with the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” discussed in our 2020 Form 10-K MD&A.

Net (Loss) Income

Net loss increased during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the net gain during the three months ended March 31, 2020 primarily due to the following:

1. Total (losses) revenue drivers:

a) There are three components associated with our FIA products:  1) the fair market value of the derivative asset entered into in order to mitigate the fluctuation of the embedded liability on our policyholder contracts, 2) the change in the fair market value of the embedded liability, and 3) the option allowance related to our third-party reinsurers that are marked to market at the end of the period. As of March 31, 2021, the change in the market value of the option derivatives decreased resulting in a realized loss of $6.3 million. The decrease in the embedded liability resulted in a decrease in our interest credited of $2.3 million.  The third component resulted in a gain resulting from the mark-to-market gain of $4.1 million on our options allowance with the third-party reinsurers presented in other operating expenses.

b) American Life has treaties with several third-party reinsurers that have funds withheld and modified coinsurance provisions. Under those provisions, the assets backing the treaties are maintained by American Life as collateral but the assets and total returns or losses on the asset portfolios belong to the third-party reinsurers. Under GAAP this arrangement is considered an embedded derivative as discussed in Note 5. As a result of the changes in the market prices, the assets held on behalf of the third-party reinsurers had unrealized gains of approximately $2.5 million and unrealized losses of $23.2 million, respectively. The terms of the contracts with the third-party reinsurers provide that unrealized gains or losses on the asset portfolios accrue to the third-party reinsurers. We account for the change in unrealized gains or losses related to the third-party reinsurers by recording equivalent realized gains or losses on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. We recorded the decrease in the unrealized gains since December 31, 2020 as a realized gain of $400,000 compared to a realized gain of $23.2 million during the first quarter of 2020.

2. Expense drivers

a) As mentioned above in 1.a., the decrease in interest credited and general operating expenses related to the embedded derivatives in our FIA products of $2.3 million and the mark-to-market option allowance gain of $4.1 million was offset by our losses on our derivative assets.

b) Increase of $2.1 million in salaries and benefits due to increasing our personnel to service our new business growth.

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Consolidated Results of Operations - Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

Revenues

The following summarizes the sources of our revenue for the periods indicated:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Premiums	$	—	$	21
Investment income, net of expenses		2,887,363		1,240,978
Net realized gains on investments (See Note 4)		(4,649,105)		22,600,010
Amortization of deferred gain on reinsurance		460,856		182,438
Service fee revenue, net of expenses		438,146		380,267
Other revenue		248,969		9,777
	$	(613,771)	$	24,413,491

Premium revenue: The introduction of our MYGA and FIA products discussed above generated a large volume of new business; however, these products are defined as investment contracts and U.S. GAAP requires that premiums be deferred as deposit-type liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. American Life expects to introduce additional versions of these annuity products in 2021.

The table below shows premium issued under statutory accounting principles (“SAP”) on our two annuity products:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021				2020
		MYGA		FIA		MYGA		FIA
	Premium(1)		Premium(1)		Premium(1)		Premium(1)
First quarter	$	9,368,962	$	114,284,969	$	31,565,506	$	16,249,504

(1) Under SAP, the MYGA and FIA premiums are treated as premium revenue. Under GAAP these products are defined as deposit-type contracts; therefore, the premium revenue that is recognized under SAP is accounted for under GAAP as deposit-type liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and is not recognized on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Investment income (loss), net of expenses: The components of our net investment income (loss) are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Fixed maturities	$	3,050,777	$	1,167,614
Mortgage loans		173,777		2,524
Other		55,813		—
Gross investment income		3,280,367		1,170,138
Less: investment (expenses) refund		(393,004)		70,840
Investment income, net of expenses	$	2,887,363	$	1,240,978

The increase in investment income for 2021 over 2020 was due to the investment income earned on the bonds and mortgage loans purchased with the sales of our MYGA and FIA products that were not ceded to reinsurers during the period. Our investment portfolio grew to $535,162,200 as of March 31, 2021 compared to $125,832,863 as of March 31, 2020, as a result proceeds from our MYGA and FIA product sales. As of March 31, 2021 and 2020, American Life ceded $47.5 million and $25.7 million, respectively, of premiums to reinsurers and transferred approximately $3.1 million of investment income related to the ceded premiums as required by the terms of its reinsurance agreements.

Net realized (losses) gains on investments: The net realized (loss) gains on investments for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were losses of $4.6 million and gains of $22.6 million, respectively, which included a gain of $400,000 and $23.2 million from an embedded derivative, respectively. There were net realized losses of $5.4 million related to derivatives

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utilized to hedge the obligations to FIA policyholders; such losses were offset by decreases in FIA-related interest credited expense and decreases in FIA-related mark-to-market option allowance flowing through other operating expenses.

American Life has treaties with several reinsurers that have funds withheld coinsurance provisions, under which the assets backing the treaties are maintained by American Life as collateral but the assets and total return on the asset portfolios belong to the reinsurers. Under GAAP this arrangement is considered an embedded derivative as discussed in Note 5 — Derivative Instruments to our Consolidated Financial Statements.  The change in fair value of the total return swap is included in net realized gains on investments. As a result of price decreases in 2021 and the market volatility in the first quarter of 2020 and recovery in the market in the last quarter of 2020, assets carried as investments on American Life’s financial statements for the third-party reinsurers contained unrealized gains of approximately $2.5 million and unrealized losses of approximately $23.2 million as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The terms of the contracts with the third-party reinsurers provide that unrealized gains or losses on the portfolios accrue to the third-party reinsurers. We account for these unrealized gains by recording equivalent realized losses on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. Accordingly, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the change in unrealized gains on the assets held by American Life on behalf of the third-party reinsurers were offset by recording an embedded derivative gain of $400,000 and an embedded derivative gain of $23.2 million, respectively.

Amortization of deferred gain on reinsurance: The increase in 2021 compared to the comparative period in 2020 was due to the amortization of the ceding commission deferred from the additional reinsurance agreements, several with third-party reinsurers which were not in effect in the first quarter of 2020.

Service fee revenue, net of expenses: The increase in 2021 was due primarily to the increases in 1505 Capital’s asset management services provided on the increased investment portfolio of our third-party reinsurers.

Other revenue: The increase in third-party administration (“TPA”) fees earned results from providing additional administrative services to clients compared to 2020.

Expenses

Our expenses for the periods indicated are summarized in the table below:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Interest credited	$	(2,346,403)	$	211,202
Benefits		79		(7,103)
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs		502,737		40,509
Salaries and benefits		2,927,227		824,896
Other operating expenses		(1,529,297)		1,325,113
	$	(445,657)	$	2,394,617

Interest credited: The decrease was due primarily due to the FIA product and the decrease in the fair market value of the embedded derivative liability owned by us to FIA policyholders.  This decrease is partially offset in our net realized (loss) gains on investments, as referenced above, which saw a $5.4 million decrease in the fair market value of derivative assets used to partially hedge this obligation to FIA policyholders.

Benefits: Death benefits changed insignificantly over prior year.  In the first quarter of 2020, we escheated legacy claims and reduced our claims accrual resulting in the 2020 negative balance.

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs: The increase was due to the deferred acquisition costs deferred on the sale of American Life’s MYGA and FIA products retained in 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 that were not ceded to third-party reinsurers.

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Salaries and benefits: The increase was due to the addition of personnel to service our new business growth. We are hiring more in-house expertise to service our growth initiatives.

Other operating expenses: Other operating expenses were approximately $2.9 million lower than prior year. The primary items of this decrease are:

1) FIA products contain embedded derivative liabilities, which are market driven.  The reinsurers that reinsure our FIA products pay an option allowance to American Life to purchase derivative assets used to hedge the FIA embedded derivative liabilities.  As of March 31, 2021, the mark-to-market on those option allowances were in a negative position. As a result, American  Life incurred $4,114,501 of income and receivable from the reinsurers.  The derivative assets utilized to partially hedge this mark-to-market option allowance saw a $5.4 million loss flowing through net realized (loss) gains on investments, as referenced above.

2) Decreases offset by other expenses related to taxes, licenses and fees of approximately $460,000 due to Nebraska and Vermont year-end and exam fees; audit and actuarial expenses of $137,000 due to increased audit costs associate with the growing business; and consultants to assist with the growth of the business of $242,000.

Investments

Most investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets are held on behalf of our reinsurers as collateral under our reinsurance agreements. As a result, our investment allocations are largely a function of our collective reinsurer investment allocations. While the reinsurers own the investment risk on these assets, we typically restrict their investment allocations via control over the selection of the asset manager as well as asset restrictions set forth in investment guidelines. Additionally, in many of our reinsurance agreements, our affiliate investment manager, 1505 Capital, is selected as the asset manager.

The investment guidelines typically include U.S. government bonds, corporate bonds, commercial mortgages, asset backed securities, municipal bonds, mutual funds and collateral loans. The duration of our investments is 5 to 10 years in line with that of our liabilities. We do allow non-U.S. dollar denominated investments where the foreign exchange risk is hedged back to U.S. dollars.

The following table shows the carrying value of our investments by investment category and cash and cash equivalents, and the percentage of each to total invested assets as of March 31, 20201 and December 31, 2020. Increases in fixed maturity securities primarily resulted from the sale of our new MYGA and FIA products during 2021. Most of the investments as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are held as collateral for our reinsurers.

	March 31, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Carrying		Percent		Carrying		Percent
	Value		of Total		Value		of Total
Fixed maturity securities:
U.S. government obligations	$	2,119,103	0.3	%	$	6,164,983	0.9	%
Foreign governments		1,542,188	0.2			—	—
Mortgage-backed securities		25,828,579	3.3			14,757,414	2.2
Collateralized loan obligations		301,261,339	37.9			221,773,609	33.1
States and political subdivisions -- general obligations		117,330	—			117,330	—
States and political subdivisions -- special revenue		6,123,127	0.8			6,202,204	0.9
Trust preferred		2,152,538	0.3			2,284,816	0.3
Corporate		153,924,830	19.4			125,863,002	18.9
Total fixed maturity securities		493,069,034	62.2			377,163,358	56.3
Mortgage loans on real estate, held for investment		109,776,321	13.8			94,989,970	14.2
Derivatives		9,473,398	1.2			11,361,034	1.7
Equity securities		42,093,166	5.3			—	—
Other invested assets		25,606,108	3.2			21,897,130	3.3
Investment escrow		3,317,043	0.4			3,174,047	0.5
Preferred stock		4,300,591	0.5			3,897,980	0.6
Notes receivable		5,737,608	0.7			5,665,487	0.8
Policy Loans		48,551	—			45,573	—
Cash and cash equivalents		100,927,152	12.7			151,679,274	22.6
Total investments, including cash and cash equivalents	$	794,348,972	100.0	%	$	669,873,853	100.0	%

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The following table shows the distribution of the credit ratings of our portfolio of fixed maturity securities by carrying value as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

	March 31, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Carrying				Carrying
	Value		Percent		Value		Percent
AAA and U.S. Government	$	16,259,820	3.3	%	$	3,070,750	0.8	%
AA		60,286,560	12.2			5,818,163	1.5
A		8,295,924	1.7			49,445,266	13.1
BBB		367,244,456	74.5			247,635,730	65.7
Total investment grade		452,086,760	91.7			305,969,909	81.1
BB and other		40,982,274	8.3			71,193,449	18.9
Total	$	493,069,034	100.0	%	$	377,163,358	100.0	%

Reflecting the quality of securities maintained by us, 91.7% and 81.1% of all fixed maturity securities were investment grade as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

We expect that our MYGA and FIA products sales will continue to result in an increase in investable assets in future periods.

Market Risks of Financial Instruments

The primary market risks affecting the investment portfolio are interest rate risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. With respect to investments that we hold on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as collateral, our reinsurers bear the market risks related to these investments, while we bear the market risks on any net retained investments.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk arises from the price sensitivity of investments to changes in interest rates. Interest and dividend income represent the greatest portion of an investment’s return for most fixed maturity securities in stable interest rate environments. The changes in the fair value of such investments are inversely related to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates fall, the interest and dividend streams of existing fixed-rate investments become more valuable and fair values rise. As interest rates rise, the opposite effect occurs. Our liabilities also have interest rate risk though are not required to be marked to market. We mitigate interest rate risk by monitoring and matching the duration of assets compared to the duration of liabilities.

Credit Risk

We are exposed to credit risk through counterparties and within the investment portfolio. Credit risk relates to the uncertainty associated with an obligor’s ability to make timely payments of principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms of an instrument or contract. We manage our credit risk through diversification of investments amongst many corporations and numerous industries. Additionally, our investment policy limits the size of holding in any particular issuer.

Liquidity Risk

We are exposed to liquidity risk when liabilities come due. In order to pay a policyholder, we may need to liquidate assets. If our assets are illiquid assets, we might be unable to convert an asset into cash without giving up capital and income due to a lack of buyers or an inefficient market. We seek to mitigate this risk by keeping a portion of our investment portfolio in liquid investments.

Statutory Accounting and Regulations

Our primary insurance subsidiary, American Life, is required to prepare statutory financial statements in accordance with SAP prescribed by the NDOI. SAP primarily differs from GAAP by charging policy acquisition costs to expense as incurred, establishing future benefit liabilities using actuarial assumptions as well as valuing investments and certain assets and accounting for deferred taxes on a different basis. For further discussion regarding SAP as well as net income (loss) of American

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Life under SAP, see Note 16 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. American Life maintains sufficient capital and surplus to comply with regulatory requirements as of March 31, 2021.

State insurance laws and regulations govern the operations of all insurers and reinsurers such as our insurance and reinsurance company subsidiaries. These various laws and regulations require that insurance companies maintain minimum amounts of statutory surplus as regards policyholders and risk-based capital and determine the dividends that insurers can pay without prior approval from regulators. The statutory net income of American Life is one of the primary sources of additions to our statutory surplus as regards policyholders, in addition to capital contributions from us.

We have reported our insurance subsidiaries’ assets, liabilities and results of operations in accordance with GAAP, which varies from SAP. The following items are principal differences between SAP and GAAP as SAP:

• requires that we exclude certain assets, called non-admitted assets, from the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

• requires us to expense policy acquisition costs when incurred, while GAAP allows us to defer and amortize policy acquisition costs over the estimated life of the policies.

• dictates how much of a deferred income tax asset can be admitted on a statutory Consolidated Balance Sheets.

• requires that we record certain investments at cost or amortized cost, while we record other investments at fair value; however, GAAP requires that we record all investments at fair value.

• allows bonds to be carried at amortized cost or fair value based on the rating received from the Securities Valuation Office of the NAIC, while they are recorded at fair value for GAAP.

• allows ceding commission income to be recognized when written if the cost of acquiring and renewing the associated business exceeds the ceding commissions, but under GAAP such income is deferred and recognized over the coverage period.

• requires that unearned premiums and loss reserves are presented net of related reinsurance rather than on a gross basis as reported under GAAP.

• requires that we record reserves liabilities and expenses, while we record all transactions related to the annuity products under GAAP as a deposit-type contract liability.

• requires a provision for reinsurance liability be established for reinsurance recoverable on paid losses aged over 90 days and for unsecured amounts recoverable from unauthorized reinsurers. Under GAAP there is no charge for uncollateralized amounts ceded to a company not licensed in the insurance affiliate’s domiciliary state and a reserve for uncollectable reinsurance is charged through earnings rather than surplus or equity.

• requires an additional admissibility test outlined in Statements on Statutory Accounting Principles, No. 101 and the change in deferred income tax is reported directly in capital and surplus, rather than being reported as a component of income tax expense as it is reported under GAAP. Our insurance subsidiaries must file with the insurance regulatory authorities an “Annual Statement” which reports, among other items, net income (loss) and surplus as regards policyholders, which is called stockholders’ equity under GAAP.

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	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Consolidated GAAP net loss	$	(1,600,462)	$	21,548,458
Exclude: Midwest non-insurance transaction entities (American Life & Seneca Re)		(563,308)		(248,457)
GAAP net loss of statutory insurance entities	$	(1,037,154)	$	21,796,915
GAAP net income (loss) by statutory insurance entity:
American Life	$	(1,979,850)	$	21,796,915
Seneca Re Protected Cell		942,696		—
	$	(1,037,154)	$	21,796,915
Reconciliation of GAAP and SAP
GAAP net gain (loss) of American Life		(1,979,850)		21,796,915
Increase (decrease) due to:
Deferred acquisition costs		(10,708,867)		(2,430,194)
Coinsurance transactions		56,453,111		47,629,572
Carrying value of reserves		(42,565,237)		(42,516,516)
Foreign exchange and derivatives		6,013,367		—
Gain on sale of investments, net of asset valuation reserve		(2,325,448)		(23,582,019)
Other		1,221,982		1,050
SAP net income of American Life	$	6,109,058	$	898,808
GAAP net income of Seneca Re Protected Cell		942,696		—
Increase (decrease) due to:
Deferred acquisition costs		(4,867,782)		—
Coinsurance transactions		36,234,430		—
Carrying value of reserves		(35,076,712)		—
Gain on sale of investments, net of asset valuation reserve		1,492,880
Other		(2,037,242)
SAP net loss of Seneca Re Protected Cell		(3,311,730)		—
SAP net income of statutory insurance entities	$	2,797,328	$	898,808

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We discuss below certain non-GAAP financial measures that our management uses in conjunction with GAAP financial measures as an integral part of managing our business and to, among other things:

• monitor and evaluate the performance of our business operations and financial performance;

• facilitate internal comparisons of the historical operating performance of our business operations;

• review and assess the operating performance of our management team;

• analyze and evaluate financial and strategic planning decisions regarding future operations; and

• plan for and prepare future annual operating budgets and determine appropriate levels of operating investments.

Non-GAAP financial measures used by us may be calculated differently from, and therefore may not be comparable to, similarly titled measures used by other companies. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered along with, but not as alternatives to, our operating performance measures as prescribed by GAAP.

Annuity Premiums

Annuity premiums, also referred to as sales or direct written premiums, do not correspond to revenues under GAAP, but are relevant metrics to understand our business performance. Under statutory accounting practices, or SAP, our annuity premiums received are treated as premium revenue. Our premium metrics include all sums paid into an individual annuity in a given period. We typically transfer all or a substantial portion of the premium and policy obligations to reinsurers. Ceded premium represents the premium we transfer to reinsurers in a given period. Retained premium represents the portion of

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premium received during a given period that was not ceded to reinsurers and will either be reinsured in a subsequent period or retained by us. We typically retain premiums prior to transferring them to reinsurers to facilitate block and other reinsurance transactions involving portfolios of annuity premiums.

The following table sets forth premiums received under SAP. Under GAAP these products are defined as deposit-type contracts; therefore, the premium revenue is accounted under GAAP as deposit-type liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and is not recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Annuity Premiums (SAP)
Annuity direct written premiums	$	123,653,931	$	47,815,010
Ceded premiums		(47,464,279)		(25,728,698)
Net premiums retained	$	76,189,652	$	22,086,312

Adjusted Revenue

Our adjusted revenue represents the revenue we receive and retain taking into account the reinsurance transactions we complete. We define adjusted revenue as revenue including the impact of reinsurance transactions completed during the relevant period and excluding the total return on the asset portfolios that are owned by reinsurers but held by us, which in the table below is the net realized (gains) losses on investments. We hold these assets primarily to reduce potential credit risk of the reinsurers. Under our agreements with reinsurers, the assets backing the reinsurance agreements are typically maintained by us as collateral but the assets and the total return on the asset portfolios are received by the reinsurers. We receive ceding commissions from reinsurers based on ceded premium in a given period, the products reinsured and the terms of the reinsurance agreements. The revenue we receive from ceding commissions is recognized and earned immediately under SAP upon the completion of a reinsurance transaction in which we have ceded premiums to reinsurers. There is no collectability risk as the commissions are paid to us in full in cash when the policies are written and there are no further expenses associated with the collected premiums. The adjustment for deferred coinsurance ceding commission is a line item entry derived directly from our GAAP Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Our management uses adjusted revenue as an internal measure of our underlying business performance and it provides useful insights into our results of operations.

Under GAAP, ceding commissions are deferred on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as a deferred gain on coinsurance transactions and are subsequently amortized through amortization of deferred gain on reinsurance on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss over the period of the policy contracts.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of total revenue to adjusted revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 respectively:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Total revenue - GAAP	$	(613,771)	$	24,413,491
Adjustments:
Net realized gains on investments		(404,600)		(23,238,919)
Deferred coinsurance ceding commission		2,397,926		1,033,940
Adjusted revenue	$	1,379,555	$	2,208,512

Adjusted Net Income (Loss)

Adjusted net income (loss) is management’s evaluation of the impact of revenue we receive and retain taking into account the reinsurance transactions we complete. Under these provisions with third-party reinsurers, the assets backing the treaties are maintained by American Life as collateral and are carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for American Life, but the assets are owned by the third-party reinsurer; thus, the total return on the asset portfolio belongs to the third-party reinsurers. Under GAAP this is considered an embedded derivative but is not designated as a hedge. We make an Consolidated Statements of

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Comprehensive Loss adjustment for net realized losses on investments related to the embedded derivative. The net realized losses on investments related to the embedded derivative is included in GAAP net loss but is reversed dollar for dollar in the calculation of GAAP other comprehensive income through a reclassification adjustment for net realized gains on investments. We define adjusted net income (loss) as net income (loss) including the impact of reinsurance transactions completed during the period and excluding the total return on the asset portfolios that are owned by reinsurers and held by us. These items have no direct expense and the tax effect of these adjustments is already included in our tax basis, which is similar to our Adjusted Net Income. Our management uses adjusted net income (loss) as an internal measure of our underlying business performance and because it provides useful insights into our results of operations.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net loss to adjusted net income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Net loss attributable to Midwest Holding Inc. - GAAP	$	(1,600,462)	$	21,548,458
Adjustments:
Net realized gains on investments		(404,600)		(23,238,919)
Deferred coinsurance ceding commission		2,397,926		1,033,940
Total adjustments		1,993,326		(22,204,979)
Income tax (expense) benefit adjustment(1)		—		—
Adjusted net income (loss)	$	392,864	$	(656,521)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $151,679,274. Approximately $15,227,000 of the increase in cash was due to the completion of private sales of our voting common stock in April 2020 and approximately $65,000,000 was due to the completion of a public offering completed on December 21, 2020. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our anticipated operating expenses and capital transaction expenditures for the foreseeable future.

The NAIC has established minimum capital requirements in the form of RBC that factors the type of business written by an insurance company, the quality of its assets, and various other aspects of its business to develop a minimum level of capital known as “authorized control level risk-based capital” and compares this level to adjusted statutory capital that includes capital and surplus as reported under SAP, plus certain investment reserves. Should the ratio of adjusted statutory capital to control level RBC fall below 200%, a series of remedial actions by the affected company would be required. As of December 31, 2020, the RBC ratio of American Life was 1,092,205%.

American Life had a legacy block of business that was ceded off to a third-party reinsurer on July 1, 2018 through an indemnity reinsurance agreement that transferred 90% to assumptive reinsurer, resulting in American Life transferring all the risk and financial obligations of those policyholders to the third-party reinsurer.  

Comparative Cash Flows

Cash flow is an important component of our business model because we receive annuity premiums and invest them upon receipt for our reinsurers and us and for the benefit of our policyholders.

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The following table summarizes our cash flows from operational, investing and financing activities for the periods indicated.

	Three months ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	7,818,155	$	2,316,449
Net cash used in investing activities		(179,319,216)		(68,154,008)
Net cash provided by financing activities		120,748,939		47,628,210
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		(50,752,122)		(18,209,349)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning of period		151,679,274		43,716,205
End of period	$	100,927,152	$	25,506,856

Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $7,818,155 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, which was comprised primarily of an increase in other assets and liabilities of $21,408,109 primarily due to payable for securities, an increase in net realized losses of $4,649,105, an increase in deferred coinsurance ceding commission due to a third-party reinsurance transaction of $2,397,926. These were offset by capitalized deferred acquisition costs of $6,774,293, amounts recoverable from reinsurers of $6,164,935, policy liabilities of $4,305,256 primarily due to the increase in deposit type contracts ceded to reinsurers, and accrued investment income of $2,288,257.

Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used for investing activities was ($179,319,216). The primary use of cash resulted from our purchase of investments from sales of the MYGA and FIA products of $244,765,832. Offsetting this use of cash was our sale of investments in available-for-sale securities for proceeds of $65,459,944.

Cash Flow Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $120,748,939.  The primary source of cash was net receipts on the MYGA and FIA products of $123,653,931 and the primary use of cash was withdrawals on those products of $2,904,992.

Impact of Inflation

Insurance premiums are established before the amount of losses and loss adjustment expenses, or the extent to which inflation may affect such losses and expenses, are known. We attempt, in establishing premiums, to anticipate the potential impact of inflation. If, for competitive reasons, premiums cannot be increased to anticipate inflation, this cost would be absorbed by us. Inflation also affects the rate of investment return on our investment portfolio with a corresponding effect on investment income.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

Contractual Obligations

As a “smaller reporting company,” the Company is not required to provide a table of contractual obligations required pursuant to this Item.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

As a “smaller reporting company,” the Company is not required to provide disclosure pursuant to this Item.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure, among other things, material information relating to our Company, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to our officers who certify our financial reports and to the other members of our senior management and the Board.

Management, (with the participation of our principal executive officers and principal financial officer), carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of March 31, 2021. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive and financial officers concluded that, as of the end of the period covered in this report, our disclosure controls and procedures along with the related internal controls over financial reporting were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

We are involved in litigation incidental to our operations from time to time. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings other than litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business, and we are not aware of any claims that could materially affect our financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

In addition to the risks previously disclosed in Item 1A – Risk Factors of our 2020 10-K, readers of this report should also consider that since March 13, 2020, the related federal, state and local governmental responses to COVID-19 have affected economic and financial market conditions as well as the operations, results and prospects of companies across many industries.

COVID-19 Risks

The ongoing events resulting from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the uncertainty regarding future similar events, could have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity and prospects.

We continue to closely monitor developments related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic to assess any potential adverse impact on our business. Due to the evolving and highly uncertain nature of this event, it currently is not possible provide a longer-term estimate of potential insurance or reinsurance exposure or the indirect effects the pandemic may have on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. Management implemented the Company’s business continuity plan in early March 2020 and operated through July 2020 with the majority of employees working remotely. Operations continued as normal despite a sharp increase in sales during the period. We continue to monitor the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Nebraska guidelines regarding employee safety.

If the COVID-19 pandemic and associated economic slowdown continues or resurges, it could adversely impact on our future results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, liquidity and prospects in a number of ways, including:

● Our investment portfolio (and, specifically, the valuations of investment assets we hold) could be materially, adversely affected as a result of market developments from the COVID-19 pandemic and uncertainty regarding its outcome. Moreover, changes in interest rates, reduced liquidity or a continued slowdown in the U.S. or in

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global economic conditions may also adversely affect the values and cash flows of these assets. Our investments in mortgages and asset-backed securities could be negatively affected by delays or failures of borrowers to make payments of principal and interest when due or delays or moratoriums on foreclosures or enforcement actions with respect to delinquent or defaulted mortgages imposed by governmental authorities. Further, extreme market volatility may leave us unable to react to market events in a prudent manner consistent with our historical investment practices in dealing with more orderly markets;

● Potential impacts on our operations due to efforts to mitigate the pandemic, including government mandated shutdowns, requests or orders for employees to work remotely, and other social distancing measures, which could result in an adverse impact on our ability to conduct our business, including our ability to sell policies, and adjust certain claims;

● While we have implemented risk management and contingency plans and have taken preventive measures and other precautions, no predictions of specific scenarios can be made with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic, and such measures may not adequately predict the impact on our business.

● We also outsource certain critical business activities to third parties such as our IMOs. As a result, we rely upon the successful implementation and execution of the business continuity planning of such entities in the current environment. While we monitor the business continuity activities of these third parties, successful implementation and execution of their business continuity strategies are largely outside our control. If one or more of the third parties on whom we rely for critical business activities experience operational difficulties or failures as a result of the impacts from the spread of COVID-19, it may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and cash flows; and

● Potential impacts of COVID-19 on reinsurers and the cost and availability of reinsurance.

Additionally, there is risk that the current efforts underway by governmental and non-governmental organizations to combat the spread and severity of COVID-19 and related public health issues may not be effective or may be prolonged. Finally, we cannot predict how legal and regulatory responses to concerns about COVID-19 and related public health issues, will impact our business. The continued spread of COVID-19 has led to disruption and volatility in the global capital markets which could increase our funding costs and limit our access to the capital markets. Accordingly, we may in the future have difficulty accessing capital on attractive terms, or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

Pursuant to Registration Statement No. 333-249828 declared effective, by the Securities and Exchange Commission, on December 21, 2020, Piper Sandler & Co. and JMP Securities, LLC, as underwriters sold 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s $0.001 par value voting common stock at the public offering price of $70 per share. The offering closed on December 21 2020. Aggregate underwriting discounts and commissions were approximately $4,850,000 resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $65,450,000 before offering expenses.

Expenses of approximately $779,527 were paid by the Company in connection with the offering through March 31, 2021 (excluding underwriting discounts and commissions set forth above) include:

Legal, accounting and professional fees		221,626
SEC filing, NASDAQ listing fees and expenses		500,634
Direct payments to directors, officers and 10%
shareholders (not including regular salaries)		57,267
	$	779,527

After payment of the foregoing expenses, net proceeds to the Company were approximately $64.3 million. Of this amount and through March 31, 2021, these proceeds had been applied as follows: Midwest used the net proceeds of the offering to

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support the growth of its insurance subsidiaries, American Life, with a capital contribution of $50.0 million, and Seneca Re, with a capital contribution of $7.5 million. The rest of the proceeds have been allocated for general corporate purposes.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION.

None.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS.

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION
31.1*	Certification of Co-Principal Executive Officers pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Co-Principal Executive Officers pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS *	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH *	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL *	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB *	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE *	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF *	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

* Filed herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: May 14, 2021

MIDWEST HOLDING INC.
By:	/s/ A. Michael Salem
Name:	A. Michael Salem
Title:	Co-Chief Executive Officer
	(Co-Principal Executive Officer)

MIDWEST HOLDING INC.
By:	/s/ Michael Minnich
Name:	Michael Minnich
Title:	Co-Chief Executive Officer
	(Co-Principal Executive Officer)

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