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Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses  
Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
7. CREDIT QUALITY AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES
The Bancorp disaggregates ALLL balances and transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment. Credit quality related disclosures for loans and leases are further disaggregated by class.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The following tables summarize transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31:
 
 
 
      Residential 
 
 
 
 
2019 ($ in millions)
 
Commercial
 
Mortgage  
 
      Consumer
 
      Unallocated
 
Total    
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
645
 
 
81
 
267
 
110
 
1,103
 
 Losses
charged-off
(a)
 
 
(127)
 
 
(9)
 
(374)
 
-
 
(510)
 
 Recoveries of losses previously
charged-off
(a)
 
 
19
 
 
5
 
117
 
-
 
141
 
 Provision for (benefit from) loan and lease losses
 
 
173
 
 
(4)
 
288
 
11
 
468
 
 
Balance, end of period
 
$
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
710
 
 
73
 
298
 
121
 
1,202
 
 
(a) For the year ended
December 31, 2019
, the Bancorp recorded
$48
in both losses
charged-off
and recoveries of losses
charged-off
related to customer defaults on
point-of-sale
consumer loans for which the Bancorp obtained recoveries under third-party credit enhancements.
 
 
 
      Residential 
 
 
 
 
2018 ($ in millions)
 
Commercial
 
Mortgage  
 
      Consumer
 
      Unallocated
 
Total    
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
  $
753
   
89
 
234
 
120
 
1,196
 
 Losses
charged-off
(a)
   
(157)
   
(13)
 
(280)
 
-
 
(450)
 
 Recoveries of losses previously
charged-off
(a)
   
25
   
6
 
89
 
-
 
120
 
 Provision for (benefit from) loan and lease losses
   
24
   
(1)
 
224
 
(10)
 
237
 
 
Balance, end of period
  $
645
   
81
 
267
 
110
 
1,103
 
 
(a) For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Bancorp recorded $29 in both losses
charged-off
and recoveries of losses
charged-off
related to customer defaults on
point-of-sale
consumer loans for which the Bancorp obtained recoveries under third-party credit enhancements.
 
 
 
      Residential 
 
 
 
 
2017 ($ in millions)
 
Commercial
 
Mortgage  
 
      Consumer
 
      Unallocated
 
Total    
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
  $
831
   
96
 
214
 
112
 
1,253
 
 Losses
charged-off
   
(154)
   
(15)
 
(212)
 
-
 
(381)
 
 Recoveries of losses previously
charged-off
   
29
   
8
 
46
 
-
 
83
 
 Provision for loan and lease losses
   
66
   
-
 
186
 
9
 
261
 
 Deconsolidation of a VIE
   
(19)
   
-
 
-
 
(1)
 
(20)
 
 
Balance, end of period
  $
753
   
89
 
234
 
120
 
1,196
 
 
The following tables provide a summary of the ALLL and related loans and leases classified by portfolio segment:
 
 
 
Residential 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2019 ($ in millions)
 
Commercial
 
Mortgage 
 
Consumer
 
      Unallocated
 
Total    
 
 
ALLL:
(a)
   
   
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
82
 
 
55
 
33
 
-    
 
170
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
 
 
628
 
 
18
 
265
 
-    
 
911
 
Unallocated
 
 
-  
 
 
-  
 
-  
 
121
 
121
 
 
Total ALLL
 
$
710
 
 
73
 
298
 
121
 
1,202
 
 
Portfolio loans and leases:
(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
413
 
 
814
 
302
 
-    
 
1,529
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
 
 
69,047
 
 
15,690
 
22,558
 
-    
 
107,295
 
Purchased credit impaired
 
 
498
 
 
37
 
16
 
-    
 
551
 
 
Total portfolio loans and leases
 
$
69,958
 
 
16,541
 
22,876
 
-    
 
109,375
 
 
(a)
Includes
$1
related to leveraged leases at
December 31, 2019
.
(b)
Excludes
$183
of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value and includes
$429
of leveraged leases, net of unearned income, at
December 31, 2019
.
   
 
   
    Residential
   
   
   
 
As of December 31, 2018 ($ in millions)
 
    Commercial
   
    Mortgage
   
Consumer
   
Unallocated
   
Total        
 
   
ALLL:
(a)
   
     
     
     
     
 
 Individually evaluated for impairment
  $
42
     
61
     
38
     
-     
     
141
 
 Collectively evaluated for impairment
   
603
     
20
     
229
     
-     
     
852
 
 Unallocated
   
-        
     
-   
     
-   
     
110
     
110
 
   
Total ALLL
  $
645
     
81
     
267
     
110
     
1,103
 
   
Portfolio loans and leases:
(b)
   
     
     
     
     
 
 Individually evaluated for impairment
  $
277
     
736
     
278
     
-     
     
1,291
 
 Collectively evaluated for impairment
   
59,294
     
14,589
     
19,912
     
-     
     
93,795
 
   
Total portfolio loans and leases
  $
59,571
     
15,325
     
20,190
     
-     
     
95,086
 
   
(a)
Includes $1 related to leveraged leases at December 31, 2018.
(b)
Excludes $179 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value and includes $624 of leveraged leases, net of unearned income at December 31, 2018.
CREDIT RISK PROFILE
Commercial Portfolio Segment
For purposes of analyzing historical loss rates used in the determination of the ALLL and monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: commercial and industrial, commercial mortgage owner-occupied, commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied, commercial construction and commercial leases.
To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the commercial portfolio segment, and for purposes of analyzing historical loss rates used in the determination of the ALLL for the commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp utilizes the following categories of credit grades: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss. The five categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter.
Pass ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers that do not have identified potential or well-defined weaknesses and for which there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated at least annually based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter.
The Bancorp assigns a special mention rating to loans and leases that have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention.
If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or the Bancorp’s credit position. 
The Bancorp assigns a substandard rating to loans and leases that are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. Substandard loans and leases have well-defined weaknesses or weaknesses that could jeopardize the orderly repayment of the debt. Loans and leases in this grade also are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bancorp will sustain some loss if the deficiencies noted are not addressed and corrected.
The Bancorp assigns a doubtful rating to loans and leases that have all the attributes of a substandard rating with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors that may work to the advantage of and strengthen the credit quality of the loan or lease, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors may include a proposed merger or acquisition, liquidation proceeding, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral or refinancing plans.
Loans and leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible and are
charged-off
in the period in which they are determined to be uncollectible. Because loans and leases in this category are fully
charged-off,
they are not included in the following tables.
The following tables summarize the credit risk profile of the Bancorp’s commercial portfolio segment, by class:
   
 
   
        Special        
   
   
   
 
As of December 31, 2019 ($ in millions)
 
          Pass
 
 
 
 
   
        Mention        
   
    Substandard  
   
Doubtful
   
Total      
 
   
Commercial and industrial loans
 
$
47,671
 
 
 
1,423
 
 
 
1,406
 
 
 
42
 
 
 
50,542
 
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
 
 
4,421
 
 
 
162
 
 
 
293
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
4,880
 
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
 
 
5,866
 
 
 
135
 
 
 
82
 
 
 
-    
 
 
 
6,083
 
Commercial construction loans
 
 
4,963
 
 
 
52
 
 
 
75
 
 
 
-    
 
 
 
5,090
 
Commercial leases
 
 
3,222
 
 
 
53
 
 
 
88
 
 
 
-    
 
 
 
3,363
 
   
Total commercial loans and leases
 
$
66,143
 
 
 
1,825
 
 
 
1,944
 
 
 
46
 
 
 
69,958
 
   
    
   
     
     
     
     
 
   
 
   
        Special        
   
   
   
 
As of December 31, 2018 ($ in millions)
 
          Pass
 
 
 
 
   
        Mention        
   
    Substandard  
   
Doubtful
   
Total      
 
   
Commercial and industrial loans
  $
42,695
     
779
     
853
     
13
     
44,340
 
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
   
3,122
     
23
     
139
     
-    
     
3,284
 
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
   
3,632
     
27
     
31
     
-    
     
3,690
 
Commercial construction loans
   
4,657
     
-         
     
-         
     
-    
     
4,657
 
Commercial leases
   
3,475
     
72
     
53
     
-    
     
3,600
 
   
Total commercial loans and leases
  $
57,581
     
901
     
1,076
     
13
     
59,571
 
   
Residential Mortgage and Consumer Portfolio Segments
For purposes of monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its consumer portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: home equity, indirect secured consumer loans, credit card and other consumer loans. The Bancorp’s residential mortgage portfolio segment is also a separate class.
The Bancorp considers repayment performance as the best indicator of credit quality for residential mortgage and consumer loans, which includes both the delinquency status and performing versus nonperforming status of the loans.
The delinquency status of all residential mortgage and consumer loans is presented by class in the age analysis section while the performing versus nonperforming status is presented in the following table. Refer to the nonaccrual loans and leases section of Note 1 for additional delinquency and nonperforming information.
The following table presents a summary of the Bancorp’s residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments, by class, disaggregated into performing versus nonperforming status as of December 31:
 
 
2019
   
 
2018
 
($ in millions)
 
 
        Performing        
   
        Nonperforming        
   
  
 
        Performing        
   
        Nonperforming        
 
Residential mortgage loans
(a)
 
$  
 
 
16,450
 
 
 
91
 
 
   
15,303
     
22
 
Home equity
 
 
 
5,989
 
 
 
94
 
 
   
6,332
     
70
 
Indirect secured consumer loans
 
 
 
11,531
 
 
 
7
 
 
   
8,975
     
1
 
Credit card
 
 
 
2,505
 
 
 
27
 
 
   
2,444
     
26
 
Other consumer loans
 
 
 
2,721
 
 
 
2
 
 
   
2,341
     
1
 
Total residential mortgage and consumer loans
(a)
 
$  
 
 
39,196
 
 
 
221
 
 
   
35,395
     
120
 
(a)
Excludes
$183
and $179 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value at
December 31, 2019
and 2018, respectively.
Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
The following tables summarize the Bancorp’s recorded investment in portfolio loans and leases, by age and class:
 
        Current 
   
Past Due
   
   
90 Days Past    
 
 
        Loans and 
   
30-89
   
90 Days
   
Total  
   
Total Loans
   
Due and Still    
 
As of December 31, 2019 ($ in millions)
 
        Leases
(b)(c)
 
   
Days
(c)
   
or More
(c)
   
Past Due  
   
and Leases
   
Accruing    
 
Commercial loans and leases:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
 Commercial and industrial loans
 
$
50,305
 
 
 
133
 
 
 
104
 
 
 
237
 
 
 
50,542
 
 
 
11
 
 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
 
 
4,853
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
23
 
 
 
27
 
 
 
4,880
 
 
 
9
 
 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
 
 
6,072
 
 
 
5
 
 
 
6
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
6,083
 
 
 
6
 
 Commercial construction loans
 
 
5,089
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
5,090
 
 
 
-
 
 Commercial leases
 
 
3,338
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
14
 
 
 
25
 
 
 
3,363
 
 
 
-
 
Residential mortgage loans
(a)
 
 
16,372
 
 
 
27
 
 
 
142
 
 
 
169
 
 
 
16,541
 
 
 
50
 
Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Home equity
 
 
5,965
 
 
 
61
 
 
 
57
 
 
 
118
 
 
 
6,083
 
 
 
1
 
 Indirect secured consumer loans
 
 
11,389
 
 
 
132
 
 
 
17
 
 
 
149
 
 
 
11,538
 
 
 
10
 
 Credit card
 
 
2,434
 
 
 
50
 
 
 
48
 
 
 
98
 
 
 
2,532
 
 
 
42
 
 Other consumer loans
 
 
2,702
 
 
 
18
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
21
 
 
 
2,723
 
 
 
1
 
Total portfolio loans and leases
(a)
 
$
108,519
 
 
 
442
 
 
 
414
 
 
 
856
 
 
 
109,375
 
 
 
130
 
(a)
Excludes
$183
of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value at
December 31, 2019
.
(b)
Information includes advances made pursuant to servicing agreements for GNMA mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. As of
December 31, 2019
,
$94
of these loans were
30-89
days past due and
$261
were 90 days or more past due. The Bancorp recognized
$4
of losses during the year ended
December 31, 2019
due to claim denials and curtailments associated with these insured or guaranteed loans.
(c)
Includes accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases.
 
        Current  
   
Past Due
   
   
90 Days Past    
 
 
        Loans and  
   
30-89
   
90 Days
   
Total    
   
Total Loans
   
Due and Still    
 
As of December 31, 2018 ($ in millions)
 
        Leases
(b)(c)
  
   
Days
(c)
   
or More
(c)
   
Past Due    
   
and Leases
   
Accruing    
 
Commercial loans and leases:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Commercial and industrial loans
  $
44,213
     
32
     
95
     
127
     
44,340
     
4
 
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
   
3,277
     
1
     
6
     
7
     
3,284
     
2
 
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
   
3,688
     
1
     
1
     
2
     
3,690
     
-
 
Commercial construction loans
   
4,657
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
4,657
     
-
 
Commercial leases
   
3,597
     
1
     
2
     
3
     
3,600
     
-
 
Residential mortgage loans
(a)
   
15,227
     
37
     
61
     
98
     
15,325
     
38
 
Consumer loans:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Home equity
   
6,280
     
71
     
51
     
122
     
6,402
     
-
 
Indirect secured consumer loans
   
8,844
     
119
     
13
     
132
     
8,976
     
12
 
Credit card
   
2,381
     
47
     
42
     
89
     
2,470
     
37
 
Other consumer loans
   
2,323
     
17
     
2
     
19
     
2,342
     
-
 
Total portfolio loans and leases
(a)
  $
94,487
     
326
     
273
     
599
     
95,086
     
93
 
(a)
Excludes $179 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value at December 31, 2018.
(b)
Information includes advances made pursuant to servicing agreements for GNMA mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. As of December 31, 2018, $90 of these loans were
30-89
days past due and $195 were 90 days or more past due. The Bancorp recognized $5 of losses during the year ended December 31, 2018 due to claim denials and curtailments associated with these insured or guaranteed loans.
(c)
Includes accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases.
Impaired Portfolio Loans and Leases
Larger commercial loans and leases included within aggregate borrower relationship balances exceeding $1 million that exhibit probable or observed credit weaknesses are subject to individual review for impairment. The Bancorp also performs an individual review on loans and leases that are restructured in a TDR.
The Bancorp considers the current value of collateral, credit quality of any guarantees, the loan structure and other factors when evaluating whether an individual loan or lease is impaired. Other factors may include the geography and industry of the borrower, size and financial condition of the borrower, cash flow and leverage of the borrower and the Bancorp’s evaluation of the borrower’s management. Smaller-balance homogenous loans or leases that are collectively evaluated for impairment are not included in the following tables.
The following tables summarize the Bancorp’s impaired portfolio loans and leases, by class, that were subject to individual review, which includes all portfolio loans and leases restructured in a TDR as of December 31:
2019 ($ in millions)
 
   
  Unpaid
  Principal
  Balance
   
              Recorded
              Investment
   
        ALLL
   
 
With a related ALLL:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Commercial loans and leases:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
$
277
 
 
 
215
 
 
 
76
 
 
 
 
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
 
 
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
-  
 
 
 
 
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
-  
 
 
 
-  
 
 
 
 
Commercial leases
 
 
 
 
 
26
 
 
 
26
 
 
 
6
 
 
 
 
Restructured residential mortgage loans
 
 
 
 
 
431
 
 
 
429
 
 
 
55
 
 
 
 
Restructured consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
 
 
 
 
 
127
 
 
 
127
 
 
 
20
 
 
 
 
Indirect secured consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
-  
 
 
 
 
Credit card
 
 
 
 
 
47
 
 
 
44
 
 
 
13
 
 
 
 
Total impaired portfolio loans and leases with a related ALLL
 
 
 
 
$
917
 
 
 
849
 
 
 
170
 
 
 
 
With no related ALLL:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
 
 
$
156
 
 
 
142
 
 
 
-  
 
 
 
 
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
 
 
 
 
 
21
 
 
 
21
 
 
 
-  
 
 
 
 
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
 
 
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
-  
 
 
 
 
Commercial leases
 
 
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
-  
 
 
 
 
Restructured residential mortgage loans
 
 
 
 
 
401
 
 
 
385
 
 
 
-  
 
 
 
 
Restructured consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
 
 
 
 
 
125
 
 
 
119
 
 
 
-  
 
 
 
 
Indirect secured consumer loans
 
 
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
-  
 
 
 
 
Total impaired portfolio loans and leases with no related ALLL
 
 
 
 
$
718
 
 
 
680
 
 
 
-  
 
 
 
 
Total impaired portfolio loans and leases
 
 
 
 
$
1,635
 
 
 
1,529
(a)
 
 
 
170
 
 
 
 
(a)
Includes
$23
,
$735
and
$230
, respectively, of commercial, residential mortgage and consumer portfolio TDRs on accrual status and
$231
,
$79
and
$72
, respectively, of commercial, residential mortgage and consumer portfolio TDRs on nonaccrual status at
December 31, 2019
.
2018 ($ in millions)
 
      Unpaid
      Principal
      Balance
   
      Recorded
      Investment
   
    ALLL       
 
With a related ALLL:
   
     
     
 
Commercial loans and leases:
   
     
     
 
Commercial and industrial loans
  $
156
     
107
     
34
 
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
   
2
     
2
     
1
 
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
   
2
     
1
     
-
 
Commercial leases
   
23
     
22
     
7
 
Restructured residential mortgage loans
   
465
     
462
     
61
 
Restructured consumer loans:
   
     
     
 
Home equity
   
146
     
145
     
22
 
Indirect secured consumer loans
   
5
     
4
     
1
 
Credit card
   
47
     
44
     
15
 
   
Total impaired portfolio loans and leases with a related ALLL
  $
846
     
787
     
141
 
   
With no related ALLL:
   
     
     
 
Commercial loans and leases:
   
     
     
 
Commercial and industrial loans
  $
137
     
125
     
-
 
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
   
9
     
9
     
-
 
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
   
11
     
11
     
-
 
Restructured residential mortgage loans
   
292
     
274
     
-
 
Restructured consumer loans:
   
     
     
 
Home equity
   
85
     
83
     
-
 
Indirect secured consumer loans
   
2
     
2
     
-
 
Total impaired portfolio loans and leases with no related ALLL
  $
536
     
504
     
-
 
   
Total impaired portfolio loans and leases
  $
1,382
     
1,291
(a)
 
   
141
 
   
(a)
Includes $60, $724 and $237, respectively, of commercial, residential mortgage and consumer portfolio TDRs on accrual status and $147, $12 and $41, respectively, of commercial, residential mortgage and consumer portfolio TDRs on nonaccrual status at December 31, 2018.
The following table summarizes the Bancorp’s average impaired portfolio loans and leases, by class, and interest income, by class, for the years ended December 31:
   
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
                   
($ in millions)
 
        Average        
        Recorded        
        Investment        
   
  Interest        
  Income        
  Recognized        
   
    Average  
    Recorded  
    Investment  
   
  Interest
  Income
  Recognized
   
    Average    
    Recorded    
    Investment    
   
Interest      
Income      
Recognized      
 
   
Commercial loans and leases:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Commercial and industrial loans
 
$
306
 
 
 
7
 
   
373
     
15
     
579
     
10
 
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
 
 
23
 
 
 
-
 
   
15
     
-
     
35
     
-
 
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
 
 
8
 
 
 
-
 
   
24
     
-
     
61
     
1
 
Commercial leases
 
 
28
 
 
 
1
 
   
18
     
-
     
3
     
-
 
Restructured residential mortgage loans
 
 
756
 
 
 
30
 
   
743
     
28
     
657
     
25
 
Restructured consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
     
     
 
Home equity
 
 
221
 
 
 
11
 
   
244
     
12
     
281
     
12
 
Indirect secured consumer loans
 
 
7
 
 
 
-
 
   
8
     
-
     
11
     
-
 
Credit card
 
 
44
 
 
 
4
 
   
44
     
5
     
50
     
4
 
   
Total average impaired portfolio loans and leases
 
$
1,393
 
 
 
53
 
   
1,469
     
60
     
1,677
     
52
 
   
Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming
assets include nonaccrual loans and leases for which ultimate collectability of the full amount of the principal and/or interest is uncertain; restructured loans which have not yet met the requirements to be
 
returned to
accrual status;
certain restructured consumer and residential
mortgage loans which 
are
90
days past due based on the restructured terms unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection; and certain other assets, including OREO and other repossessed property.
The following table presents the Bancorp’s nonaccrual loans and leases, by class, and OREO and other repossessed property as of December 31:
   
($ in millions)
 
2019
 
 
        2018        
 
   
Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
   
 
Commercial and industrial loans
 
$
338
 
   
193
 
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
 
 
29
 
   
11
 
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
 
 
1
 
   
2
 
Commercial construction loans
 
 
1
 
   
-
 
Commercial leases
 
 
28
 
   
22
 
   
Total nonaccrual portfolio commercial loans and leases
 
 
397
 
   
228
 
   
Residential mortgage loans
 
 
91
 
   
22
 
Consumer loans:
 
 
 
   
 
Home equity
 
 
94
 
   
69
 
Indirect secured consumer loans
 
 
7
 
   
1
 
Credit card
 
 
27
 
   
27
 
Other consumer loans
 
 
2
 
   
1
 
   
Total nonaccrual portfolio consumer loans
 
 
130
 
   
98
 
   
Total nonaccrual portfolio loans and leases
(a)(b)
 
$
618
 
   
348
 
   
OREO and other repossessed property
 
 
62
 
   
47
 
   
Total nonperforming portfolio assets
(a)(b)
 
$             
680
 
   
395
 
   
(a)
Excludes
$7
and $16 of nonaccrual loans and leases held for sale at
December 31, 2019
and 2018, respectively.
(b)
Includes
$16
and $6 of nonaccrual government insured commercial loans whose repayments are insured by the SBA at
December 31, 2019
and 2018, respectively, of which
$11
and $2 are restructured nonaccrual government insured commercial loans at
December 31, 2019
and 2018, respectively.
The Bancorp’s recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction was $212 million and $153 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
A loan is accounted for as a TDR if the Bancorp, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. TDRs include concessions granted under reorganization, arrangement or other provisions of the Federal Bankruptcy Act. Within each of the Bancorp’s loan classes, TDRs typically involve either a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an extension of the loan’s maturity date with a stated rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or in limited circumstances, a reduction of the principal balance of the loan or the loan’s accrued interest. Modifying the terms of a loan may result in an increase or decrease to the ALLL depending upon the terms modified, the method used to measure the ALLL for a loan prior to modification, and whether any charge-offs were recorded on the loan before or at the time of modification. Refer to the ALLL section of Note 1 for information on the Bancorp’s ALLL methodology.
Upon modification of a loan, the Bancorp measures the related impairment as the difference between the estimated future cash flows expected to be collected on the modified loan, discounted at the original effective yield of the loan, and the carrying value of the loan. The resulting measurement may result in the need for minimal or no allowance because it is probable that all cash flows will be collected under the modified terms of the loan. In addition, if the stated interest rate was increased in a TDR, the cash flows on the modified loan, using the
pre-modification
interest rate as the discount rate, often exceed the recorded investment of the loan. Conversely, upon a modification that reduces the stated interest rate on a loan, the Bancorp recognizes an impairment loss as an increase to the ALLL. If a TDR involves a reduction of the principal balance of the loan or the loan’s accrued interest, that amount is
charged-off
to the ALLL. Loans discharged in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower are treated as nonaccrual collateral-dependent loans with impairment recognized to reduce the carrying values of such loans to the fair value of the related collateral less costs to sell.
The Bancorp had commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms have been modified in a TDR, consisting of line of credit and letter of credit commitments of $41 million and $58 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2019 compared with $24 million and $67 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2018.
The following tables provide a summary of loans and leases, by class, modified in a TDR by the Bancorp during the years ended December 31:
   
2019 ($ in millions)
(a)(b)
 
Number of Loans
Modified in a TDR
During the Year
(c)
   
Recorded Investment
in Loans Modified
in a TDR
During the Year
   
(Decrease)
Increase
to ALLL Upon
Modification
 
Charge-offs
Recognized Upon  
Modification
 
   
Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
97
 
 
              $
223
 
 
 
(19
)
 
 
5
 
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
 
 
15
 
 
 
12
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
 
 
1
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
Residential mortgage loans
 
 
722
 
 
 
101
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
-
 
Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
 
 
80
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
Indirect secured consumer loans
 
 
100
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
Credit card
 
 
6,041
 
 
 
34
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
3
 
   
Total portfolio loans and leases
 
 
7,056
 
 
              $
374
 
 
 
(10
)
 
 
8
 
   
(a)
Excludes all loans and leases held for sale and loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality which were accounted for within a pool.
(b)
Excludes loans classified as TDRs as a result of the Bancorp’s conformance to OCC guidance with regard to
non-reaffirmed
loans included in Chapter 7 bankruptcy filings.
(c)
Represents number of loans post-modification and excludes loans previously modified in a TDR.
   
2018 ($ in millions)
(a)
 
Number of Loans
Modified in a TDR
During the Year
(b)
   
Recorded Investment
in Loans Modified
in a TDR
During the Year
   
Increase
(Decrease)
to ALLL Upon
Modification
 
Charge-offs
Recognized Upon  
Modification
 
   
Commercial loans and leases:
   
     
     
     
 
Commercial and industrial loans
   
54
                  $
200
     
1
     
7
 
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
   
6
     
3
     
(1
)    
-
 
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
   
3
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Residential mortgage loans
   
1,128
     
168
     
4
     
-
 
Consumer loans:
   
     
     
     
 
Home equity
   
111
     
7
     
-
     
-
 
Indirect secured consumer loans
   
84
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Credit card
   
7,483
     
37
     
9
     
2
 
   
Total portfolio loans and leases
   
8,869
                  $
415
     
13
     
9
 
   
(a)
Excludes all loans and leases held for sale and loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality which were accounted for within a pool.
(b)
Represents number of loans post-modification and excludes loans previously modified in a TDR.
   
2017 ($ in millions)
(a)
 
Number of Loans
Modified in a TDR
During the Year
(b)
   
Recorded Investment
in Loans Modified
in a TDR
During the Year
   
Increase
(Decrease)
to ALLL Upon
Modification
 
Charge-offs
Recognized Upon  
Modification
 
   
Commercial loans and leases:
   
     
     
     
 
Commercial and industrial loans
   
75
                  $
237
     
(5
)    
6
 
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
   
9
     
8
     
5
     
-
 
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
   
4
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Commercial leases
   
1
     
4
     
-
     
-
 
Residential mortgage loans
   
830
     
116
     
5
     
-
 
Consumer loans:
   
     
     
     
 
Home equity
   
150
     
10
     
-
     
-
 
Indirect secured consumer loans
   
102
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Credit card
   
8,085
     
38
     
8
     
1
 
   
Total portfolio loans and leases
   
9,256
                  $
413
     
13
     
7
 
   
(a)
Excludes all loans and leases held for sale and loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality which were accounted for within a pool.
(b)
Represents number of loans post-modification and excludes loans previously modified in a TDR.
The Bancorp considers TDRs that become 90 days or more past due under the modified terms as subsequently defaulted. For commercial loans not subject to individual review for impairment, loss rates that are applied for purposes of determining the ALLL include historical losses associated with subsequent defaults on loans previously modified in a TDR. For consumer loans, the Bancorp performs a qualitative assessment of the adequacy of the consumer ALLL by comparing the consumer ALLL to forecasted consumer losses over the projected loss emergence period (the forecasted losses include the impact of subsequent defaults of
consumer TDRs). When a residential mortgage, home equity, indirect secured consumer loan or other consumer loan that has been modified in a TDR subsequently defaults, the present value of expected cash flows used in the measurement of the potential impairment loss is generally limited to the expected net proceeds from the sale of the loan’s underlying collateral and any resulting impairment loss is reflected as a
charge-off
or an increase in ALLL. The Bancorp recognizes ALLL for the entire balance of the credit card loans modified in a TDR that subsequently default.
The following tables provide a summary of TDRs that subsequently defaulted during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 and were within twelve months of the restructuring date:
 
December 31, 2019 ($ in millions)
(a)(b)
   
Number of Contracts
     
     
Recorded Investment
   
 
Commercial loans and leases:
   
     
     
   
Commercial and industrial loans
 
 
12
 
 
$
    
 
 
 
20
 
 
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
 
 
4
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
 
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans
 
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
-
 
 
Residential mortgage loans
 
 
274
 
 
 
 
 
 
42
 
 
Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
 
 
15
 
 
 
 
 
 
-
 
 
Credit card
 
 
655
 
 
 
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
Total portfolio loans and leases
 
 
961
 
 
$
    
 
 
 
66
 
 
 
(a)
Excludes all loans and leases held for sale and loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality.
(b)
Excludes loans classified as TDRs as a result of the Bancorp’s conformance to OCC guidance with regard to
non-reaffirmed
loans included in Chapter 7 bankruptcy filings.
 
 
December 31, 2018 ($ in millions)
(a)
 
Number of
Contracts
   
   
Recorded
Investment
   
 
Commercial loans and leases:
   
     
     
   
Commercial and industrial loans
   
8
    $
    
     
61
   
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
   
2
     
     
-
   
Residential mortgage loans
   
225
     
     
35
   
Consumer loans:
   
     
     
   
Home equity
   
10
     
     
-
   
Credit card
   
655
     
     
4
   
 
Total portfolio loans and leases
   
900
    $
    
     
100
   
 
(a)
Excludes all loans and leases held for sale and loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality.
 
 
December 31, 2017 ($ in millions)
(a)
 
Number of
Contracts
   
   
Recorded
Investment
   
 
Commercial loans and leases:
   
     
     
   
Commercial and industrial loans
   
7
    $
    
     
17
   
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans
   
4
     
     
1
   
Residential mortgage loans
   
172
     
     
24
   
Consumer loans:
   
     
     
   
Home equity
   
16
     
     
2
   
Credit card
   
1,633
     
     
8
   
 
Total portfolio loans and leases
   
1,832
    $
    
     
52
   
 
(a)
Excludes all loans and leases held for sale and loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality.