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Fair Value Measurements
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Fair Value Measurements  
Fair Value Measurements

20. Fair Value Measurements

The Bancorp measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). A financial instrument's categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the instrument's fair value measurement. For more information regarding the fair value hierarchy, refer to Note 1 in the Bancorp's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis  
The following tables summarize assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including residential mortgage loans held for sale for which the Bancorp has elected the fair value option as of:
      
 Fair Value Measurements Using 
June 30, 2015 ($ in millions) Level 1(c) Level 2(c) Level 3Total Fair Value
Assets:     
Available-for-sale and other securities:     
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies securities$ 25 1,590 - 1,615
Obligations of states and political subdivisions securities  - 177 - 177
Mortgage-backed securities:     
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities  - 15,954 - 15,954
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities   - 5,751 - 5,751
Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities   - 2,414 - 2,414
Asset-backed securities and other debt securities  - 1,374 - 1,374
Equity securities(a)  81 20 - 101
Available-for-sale and other securities(a)  106 27,280 - 27,386
      
Trading securities:     
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies securities  - 9 - 9
Obligations of states and political subdivisions securities  - 17 - 17
Mortgage-backed securities:     
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities  - 4 - 4
Asset-backed securities and other debt securities  - 13 - 13
Equity securities  327 - - 327
Trading securities  327 43 - 370
      
Residential mortgage loans held for sale  - 628 - 628
Residential mortgage loans(b)  - - 178 178
Derivative assets:     
Interest rate contracts  7 861 14 882
Foreign exchange contracts  - 495 - 495
Equity contracts  - - 500 500
Commodity contracts  32 202 - 234
Derivative assets  39 1,558 514 2,111
Total assets$ 472 29,509 692 30,673
      
Liabilities:     
Derivative liabilities:     
Interest rate contracts$ 1 277 4 282
Foreign exchange contracts  - 441 - 441
Equity contracts  - - 55 55
Commodity contracts  20 203 - 223
Derivative liabilities  21 921 59 1,001
      
Short positions  19 4 - 23
Total liabilities$ 40 925 59 1,024

  • Excludes FHLB and FRB restricted stock totaling $248 and $353, respectively, at June 30, 2015.
  • Includes residential mortgage loans originated as held for sale and subsequently transferred to held for investment.
  • During the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, no assets or liabilities were transferred between Level 1 and Level 2

 

 Fair Value Measurements Using 
December 31, 2014 ($ in millions) Level 1(c)Level 2(c)Level 3Total Fair Value
Assets:     
Available-for-sale and other securities:     
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies securities$ 25 1,607 - 1,632
Obligations of states and political subdivisions securities  - 192 - 192
Mortgage-backed securities:     
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities  - 12,404 - 12,404
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities   - 4,565 - 4,565
Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities   - 1,550 - 1,550
Asset-backed securities and other debt securities   - 1,362 - 1,362
Equity securities(a)  84 19 - 103
Available-for-sale and other securities(a)  109 21,699 - 21,808
      
Trading securities:     
U.S. Treasury and federal agencies securities  - 14 - 14
Obligations of states and political subdivisions securities  - 8 - 8
Mortgage-backed securities:     
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities  - 9 - 9
Asset-backed securities and other debt securities   - 13 - 13
Equity securities  316 - - 316
Trading securities  316 44 - 360
      
Residential mortgage loans held for sale  - 561 - 561
Residential mortgage loans(b)  - - 108 108
Derivative assets:     
Interest rate contracts  - 888 12 900
Foreign exchange contracts  - 417 - 417
Equity contracts  - - 415 415
Commodity contracts  68 280 - 348
Derivative assets  68 1,585 427 2,080
Total assets$ 493 23,889 535 24,917
      
Liabilities:     
Derivative liabilities:     
Interest rate contracts$ 6 276 2 284
Foreign exchange contracts  - 372 - 372
Equity contracts  - - 49 49
Commodity contracts  58 280 - 338
Derivative liabilities  64 928 51 1,043
      
Short positions  16 5 - 21
Total liabilities$ 80 933 51 1,064

  • Excludes FHLB and FRB restricted stock totaling $248 and $352, respectively, at December 31, 2014.
  • Includes residential mortgage loans originated as held for sale and subsequently transferred to held for investment.
  • During the year ended December 31, 2014, no assets or liabilities were transferred between Level 1 and Level 2.

 

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for significant instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

 

Available-for-sale and other securities and trading securities

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities include government bonds and exchange traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or DCFs. Examples of such instruments, which are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, include federal agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions, agency residential mortgage-backed securities, agency and non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities and other debt securities. Corporate bonds are included in asset-backed securities and other debt securities in the previous table. Federal agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions, agency residential mortgage-backed securities, agency and non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities and other debt securities are generally valued using a market approach based on observable prices of securities with similar characteristics.

 

Residential mortgage loans held for sale

For residential mortgage loans held for sale for which the fair value election has been made, fair value is estimated based upon mortgage-backed securities prices and spreads to those prices or, for certain ARM loans, DCF models that may incorporate the anticipated portfolio composition, credit spreads of asset-backed securities with similar collateral and market conditions. The anticipated portfolio composition includes the effect of interest rate spreads and discount rates due to loan characteristics such as the state in which the loan was originated, the loan amount and the ARM margin. Residential mortgage loans held for sale that are valued based on mortgage-backed securities prices are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy as the valuation is based on external pricing for similar instruments. ARM loans classified as held for sale are also classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy due to the use of observable inputs in the DCF model. These observable inputs include interest rate spreads from agency mortgage-backed securities, market rates and observable discount rates.

 

Residential mortgage loans

Residential mortgage loans held for sale that are reclassified to held for investment are transferred from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. It is the Bancorp's policy to value any transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy based on end of period fair values.

 

For residential mortgage loans for which the fair value election has been made, and that are reclassified from held for sale to held for investment, the fair value estimation is based on mortgage-backed securities prices, interest rate risk and an internally developed credit component. Therefore, these loans are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. An adverse change in the loss rate or severity assumption would result in a decrease in fair value of the related loan. The Secondary Marketing department, which reports to the Bancorp's Chief Operating Officer, in conjunction with the Consumer Credit Risk department, which reports to the Bancorp's Chief Risk Officer, are responsible for determining the valuation methodology for residential mortgage loans held for investment. The Secondary Marketing department reviews loss severity assumptions quarterly to determine if adjustments are necessary based on decreases in observable housing market data. This group also reviews trades in comparable benchmark securities and adjusts the values of loans as necessary. Consumer Credit Risk is responsible for the credit component of the fair value which is based on internally developed loss rate models that take into account historical loss rates and loss severities based on underlying collateral values.

Derivatives

Exchange-traded derivatives valued using quoted prices and certain over-the-counter derivatives valued using active bids are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Most of the Bancorp's derivative contracts are valued using DCF or other models that incorporate current market interest rates, credit spreads assigned to the derivative counterparties and other market parameters and, therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Such derivatives include basic and structured interest rate, foreign exchange and commodity swaps and options. Derivatives that are valued based upon models with significant unobservable market parameters are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, derivatives classified as Level 3, which are valued using models containing unobservable inputs, consisted primarily of a warrant associated with the initial sale of the Bancorp's 51% interest in Vantiv Holding, LLC to Advent International and a total return swap associated with the Bancorp's sale of Visa, Inc. Class B shares. Level 3 derivatives also include IRLCs, which utilize internally generated loan closing rate assumptions as a significant unobservable input in the valuation process.

 

The warrant allows the Bancorp to purchase approximately 20 million incremental nonvoting units in Vantiv Holding, LLC at an exercise price of $15.98 per unit and requires settlement under certain defined conditions involving change of control. The fair value of the warrant is calculated in conjunction with a third party valuation provider by applying Black-Scholes option valuation models using probability weighted scenarios which contain the following inputs: Vantiv, Inc. stock price, strike price per the Warrant Agreement and several unobservable inputs, such as expected term, expected volatility and expected dividend rate.

 

For the warrant, an increase in the expected term (years) and the expected volatility assumptions would result in an increase in the fair value; conversely, a decrease in these assumptions would result in a decrease in the fair value. The Accounting and Treasury departments, both of which report to the Bancorp's Chief Financial Officer, determined the valuation methodology for the warrant. Accounting and Treasury review changes in fair value on a quarterly basis for reasonableness based on changes in historical and implied volatilities, expected terms, probability weightings of the related scenarios, and other assumptions.

 

Under the terms of the total return swap, the Bancorp will make or receive payments based on subsequent changes in the conversion rate of the Visa, Inc. Class B shares into Class A shares. Additionally, the Bancorp will make a quarterly payment based on Visa's stock price and the conversion rate of the Visa, Inc. Class B shares into Class A shares until the date on which the Covered Litigation is settled. The fair value of the total return swap was calculated using a DCF model based on unobservable inputs consisting of management's estimate of the probability of certain litigation scenarios, the timing of the resolution of the Covered Litigation and Visa litigation loss estimates in excess, or shortfall, of the Bancorp's proportional share of escrow funds.

An increase in the loss estimate or a delay in the resolution of the Covered Litigation would result in an increase in fair value; conversely, a decrease in the loss estimate or an acceleration of the resolution of the Covered Litigation would result in a decrease in fair value. The Accounting and Treasury departments determined the valuation methodology for the total return swap. Accounting and Treasury review the changes in fair value on a quarterly basis for reasonableness based on Visa stock price changes, litigation contingencies, and escrow funding.

 

The net fair value asset of the IRLCs at June 30, 2015 was $13 million. Immediate decreases in current interest rates of 25 bps and 50 bps would result in increases in the fair value of the IRLCs of approximately $8 million and $15 million, respectively. Immediate increases of current interest rates of 25 bps and 50 bps would result in decreases in the fair value of the IRLCs of approximately $8 million and $17 million, respectively. The decrease in fair value of IRLCs due to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in the assumed loan closing rates would be approximately $1 million and $3 million, respectively, and the increase in fair value due to immediate 10% and 20% favorable changes in the assumed loan closing rates would be approximately $1 million and $3 million, respectively. These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution, as changes in fair value based on a variation in assumptions typically cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the change in fair value may not be linear.

 

The Consumer Line of Business Finance department, which reports to the Bancorp's Chief Financial Officer, and the aforementioned Secondary Marketing department are responsible for determining the valuation methodology for IRLCs. Secondary Marketing, in conjunction with a third party valuation provider, periodically review loan closing rate assumptions and recent loan sales to determine if adjustments are needed for current market conditions not reflected in historical data.

The following tables are a reconciliation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
             
 Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
    ResidentialInterest RateEquity   
For the three months ended June 30, 2015 TradingMortgage Derivatives,Derivatives, Total
($ in millions) SecuritiesLoansNet(a)Net(a) Fair Value
Beginning balance$ -  126  17  425    568
Total gains (losses) (realized/unrealized):            
Included in earnings  -  (1)  17  13    29
Sales  -  -  (1)  -    (1)
Settlements  -  (8)  (23)  7    (24)
Transfers into Level 3(b)  -  61  -  -    61
Ending balance$ -  178  10  445    633
The amount of total gains (losses) for the period            
included in earnings attributable to the change in             
unrealized gains or losses relating to assets            
still held at June 30, 2015(c)$ -  (1)  13  13    25

  • Net interest rate derivatives include derivative assets and liabilities of $14 and $4, respectively, as of June 30, 2015. Net equity derivatives include derivative assets and liabilities of $500 and $55, respectively, as of June 30, 2015.
  • Includes certain residential mortgage loans held for sale that were transferred to held for investment.
  • Includes interest income and expense.

 

 Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
    ResidentialInterest RateEquity   
For the three months ended June 30, 2014 TradingMortgage Derivatives,Derivatives, Total
($ in millions) SecuritiesLoansNet(a)Net(a) Fair Value
Beginning balance$ 1  103 13  305    422
Total gains (realized/unrealized):            
Included in earnings  -  1 37 48    86
Settlements  - (5) (35)  5   (35)
Ending balance$ 1  99 15 358    473
The amount of total gains for the period            
included in earnings attributable to the change in            
unrealized gains or losses relating to assets            
still held at June 30, 2014(b)$ -  1 16 48   65

  • Net interest rate derivatives include derivative assets and liabilities of $17 and $2, respectively, as of June 30, 2014. Net equity derivatives include derivative assets and liabilities of $412 and $54, respectively, as of June 30, 2014.
  • Includes interest income and expense.

 

 Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
    ResidentialInterest RateEquity   
For the six months ended June 30, 2015 TradingMortgage Derivatives,Derivatives, Total
($ in millions) SecuritiesLoansNet(a)Net(a) Fair Value
Beginning balance$ -  108  10  366    484
Total gains (realized/unrealized):            
Included in earnings  -  1  52  66    119
Sales  -  -  (1)  -    (1)
Settlements  -  (15)  (51)  13    (53)
Transfers into Level 3(b)  -  84  -  -    84
Ending balance$ -  178  10  445    633
The amount of total gains for the period            
included in earnings attributable to the change in            
unrealized gains or losses relating to assets            
still held at June 30, 2015(c)$ -  1  14  66    81

  • Net interest rate derivatives include derivative assets and liabilities of $14 and $4, respectively, as of June 30, 2015. Net equity derivatives include derivative assets and liabilities of $500 and $55, respectively, as of June 30, 2015.
  • Includes certain residential mortgage loans held for sale that were transferred to held for investment.
  • Includes interest income and expense.

 

             
 Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
    ResidentialInterest RateEquity   
For the six months ended June 30, 2014 TradingMortgage Derivatives,Derivatives, Total
($ in millions) SecuritiesLoansNet(a)Net(a) Fair Value
Beginning balance$ 1  92 8  336  $ 437
Total gains (realized/unrealized):            
Included in earnings  - 3 74  13    90
Settlements  - (8) (67)  9   (66)
Transfers into Level 3(b)  -  12  -  -    12
Ending balance$ 1  99 15 358  $ 473
The amount of total gains for the period            
included in earnings attributable to the change in            
unrealized gains or losses relating to assets            
still held at June 30, 2014(c)$ - 3  17  13  $33

  • Net interest rate derivatives include derivative assets and liabilities of $17 and $2, respectively, as of June 30, 2014. Net equity derivatives include derivative assets and liabilities of $412 and $54, respectively, as of June 30, 2014.
  • Includes certain residential mortgage loans held for sale that were transferred to held for investment.
  • Includes interest income and expense.

The total gains and losses included in earnings for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) were recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income as follows:
           
  For the three months ended  For the six months ended
  June 30, June 30,
($ in millions) 20152014 20152014
Mortgage banking net revenue$ 16 39   52 76 
Corporate banking revenue  -  -   1  1 
Other noninterest income  13  47   66  13 
Total gains $ 29  86   119  90 

The total gains and losses included in earnings attributable to changes in unrealized gains and losses related to Level 3 assets and liabilities still held at June 30, 2015 and 2014 were recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income as follows:
           
  For the three months ended For the six months ended
  June 30, June 30,
($ in millions) 20152014 20152014
Mortgage banking net revenue$ 12  18   14  20 
Corporate banking revenue  -  -   1  - 
Other noninterest income  13  47   66  13 
Total gains $ 25  65   81  33 
           

The following tables present information as of June 30, 2015 and 2014 about significant unobservable inputs related to the Bancorp’s material categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis:
         
As of June 30, 2015 ($ in millions)        
Financial Instrument  Fair Value Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable Inputs  Ranges of Inputs  Weighted-Average
Residential mortgage loans $178Loss rate model Interest rate risk factor  (9.7) - 20.0% 2.7%
    Credit risk factor  0 - 85.5% 0.9%
IRLCs, net  13Discounted cash flow Loan closing rates  34.3 - 88.9%  70.6%
Stock warrant associated with Vantiv  500Black-Scholes optionExpected term (years)  2.0 - 14.0 5.9
Holding, LLC  valuation model Expected volatility(a) 22.1 - 31.9% 25.9%
Swap associated with the sale of Visa, Inc.  (55)Discounted cash flow Timing of the resolution  9/30/16 -  NM
Class B shares    of the Covered Litigation 3/31/2021  

  • Based on historical and implied volatilities of Vantiv, Inc. and comparable companies assuming similar expected terms.

 

As of June 30, 2014 ($ in millions)        
Financial Instrument  Fair Value Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable Inputs  Ranges of Inputs  Weighted-Average
Residential mortgage loans $99Loss rate model Interest rate risk factor  (16.6) - 19.5% 4.6%
    Credit risk factor  0 - 62.4% 2.1%
IRLCs, net  17Discounted cash flow Loan closing rates  16.5 - 95.0%  62.7%
Stock warrant associated with Vantiv 412Black-Scholes option Expected term (years)  2.0 - 15.0 6.0
Holding, LLC  valuation modelExpected volatility(a) 23.8 - 32.3% 27.3%
Swap associated with the sale of Visa, Inc.  (54)Discounted cash flow Timing of the resolution  6/30/2015- NM
Class B shares    of the Covered Litigation 12/31/2019  
    Proportional share of  $1 - 19 $18
     litigation loss estimate in    
     excess of escrow funds    

  • Based on historical and implied volatilities of Vantiv, Inc. and comparable companies assuming similar expected terms.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment.

The following tables provide the fair value hierarchy and carrying amount of all assets that were held as of June 30, 2015 and 2014 and for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment was recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, and the related gains and losses from fair value adjustments on assets sold during the period as well as assets still held as of the end of the period:
               
  Fair Value Measurements Using  Total (Losses) Gains Total (Losses) Gains
          For the three months For the six months
As of June 30, 2015 ($ in millions) Level 1Level 2Level 3Totalended June 30, 2015 ended June 30, 2015
Commercial loans held for sale$ -  -  15  15  (1)   3 
Residential mortgage loans held for sale  -  -  91  91  (2)   (2) 
Automobile loans held for sale  -  -  3  3  -   - 
Commercial and industrial loans  -  -  397  397  2   (41) 
Commercial mortgage loans  -  -  85  85  (4)   (17) 
Residential mortgage loans  -  -  55  55  -   (1) 
MSRs  -  -  854  854  87   39 
OREO  -  -  46  46  (5)   (13) 
Bank premises  -  -  130  130  (98)   (101) 
Operating lease equipment  -  -  57  57  (4)   (34) 
Total $ -  -  1,733  1,733  (25)   (167) 

               
               
  Fair Value Measurements Using  Total Losses Total Losses
          For the three months For the six months
As of June 30, 2014 ($ in millions) Level 1Level 2Level 3Totalended June 30, 2014 ended June 30, 2014
Commercial loans held for sale$ -  -  45  45  (1)   (2) 
Commercial and industrial loans  -  -  62  62  (83)   (124) 
Commercial mortgage loans  -  -  76  76  (6)   (17) 
Commercial construction loans  -  -  2  2  -   - 
MSRs  -  -  928  928  (32)   (28) 
OREO  -  -  124  124  (6)   (19) 
Bank premises  -  -  15  15  (18)   (18) 
Total $ -  -  1,252  1,252  (146)   (208) 

The following tables present information as of June 30, 2015 and 2014 about significant unobservable inputs related to the Bancorp’s material categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities measured on a nonrecurring basis:
       
As of June 30, 2015 ($ in millions)   
Financial Instrument  Fair Value Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable Inputs Ranges of Inputs Weighted-Average
Commercial loans held for sale $15Discounted cash flowDiscount spreadNM 4.4%
       
Residential mortgage loans held for sale 91Loss rate modelInterest rate risk factor(7.5)-0.1%(1.6)%
    Credit risk factorNM 0.1%
Automobile loans held for sale 3Discounted cash flowDiscount spreadNM 3.1%
       
Commercial and industrial loans 397Appraised valueCollateral value NM NM
Commercial mortgage loans  85Appraised valueCollateral value NM NM
Commercial leases -Appraised valueCollateral value NM NM
Residential mortgage loans 55Appraised valueAppraised valueNM NM
MSRs 854Discounted cash flowPrepayment speed 1.0 - 100%(Fixed) 7.6% (Adjustable) 32.7%
    OAS spread (bps)430-1,750(Fixed) 930 (Adjustable) 651
OREO 46Appraised valueAppraised value NM NM
Bank premises 130Appraised valueAppraised value NM NM
Operating lease equipment 57Appraised valueAppraised valueNM NM
       

As of June 30, 2014 ($ in millions)   
Financial Instrument  Fair Value Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable Inputs Ranges of Inputs Weighted-Average
Commercial loans held for sale $45Appraised valueAppraised value NM NM
    Cost to sell NM 10.0%
Commercial and industrial loans 62Appraised valueCollateral value NM NM
Commercial mortgage loans  76Appraised valueCollateral value NM NM
Commercial construction loans  2Appraised valueCollateral value NM NM
Commercial leases -Appraised valueCollateral value NM NM
MSRs 928Discounted cash flowPrepayment speed 0 - 100%(Fixed) 11.1% (Adjustable) 26.5%
    Discount rates9.6 - 13.2%(Fixed) 9.9% (Adjustable) 11.8%
OREO 124Appraised valueAppraised value NM NM
Bank premises 15Appraised valueAppraised value NM NM
       

      
The following table summarizes the difference between the fair value and the principal balance for residential mortgage loans measured at fair value as of:
      
  AggregateAggregate Unpaid  
($ in millions) Fair ValuePrincipal Balance Difference
June 30, 2015     
Residential mortgage loans measured at fair value$ 806 788  18
Past due loans of 90 days or more  2 2  -
Nonaccrual loans  2 2  -
      
December 31, 2014     
Residential mortgage loans measured at fair value  669 643  26
Past due loans of 90 days or more  2 2  -
Nonaccrual loans  3 3  -
      

Fair Value of Certain Financial Instruments       
The following tables summarize the carrying amounts and estimated fair values for certain financial instruments, excluding financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
       
  Net CarryingFair Value Measurements Using Total
As of June 30, 2015 ($ in millions) AmountLevel 1Level 2Level 3Fair Value
Financial assets:      
Cash and due from banks$ 2,785 2,785 - - 2,785
Other securities  601 - 601 - 601
Held-to-maturity securities  157 - - 157 157
Other short-term investments  3,451 3,451 - - 3,451
Loans held for sale  367 - - 367 367
Portfolio loans and leases:      
Commercial and industrial loans  42,132 - - 42,873 42,873
Commercial mortgage loans  7,033 - - 6,791 6,791
Commercial construction loans  2,687 - - 2,436 2,436
Commercial leases  3,833 - - 3,569 3,569
Residential mortgage loans  12,651 - - 12,923 12,923
Home equity  8,470 - - 9,091 9,091
Automobile loans  11,867 - - 11,636 11,636
Credit card  2,180 - - 2,508 2,508
Other consumer loans and leases  482 - - 490 490
Unallocated ALLL  (103) - - - -
Total portfolio loans and leases, net$ 91,232 - - 92,317 92,317
Financial liabilities:      
Deposits$ 103,023 - 103,026 - 103,026
Federal funds purchased  126 126 - - 126
Other short-term borrowings  4,136 - 4,138 - 4,138
Long-term debt  13,521 13,471 603 - 14,074
       

  Net CarryingFair Value Measurements UsingTotal
As of December 31, 2014 ($ in millions) AmountLevel 1 Level 2Level 3Fair Value
Financial assets:      
Cash and due from banks$ 3,091 3,091 - - 3,091
Other securities  600 - 600 - 600
Held-to-maturity securities  187 - - 187 187
Other short-term investments  7,914 7,914 - - 7,914
Loans held for sale  700 - - 700 700
Portfolio loans and leases:      
Commercial and industrial loans  40,092 - - 40,781 40,781
Commercial mortgage loans  7,259 - - 6,878 6,878
Commercial construction loans  2,052 - - 1,735 1,735
Commercial leases  3,675 - - 3,426 3,426
Residential mortgage loans  12,177 - - 12,249 12,249
Home equity  8,799 - - 9,224 9,224
Automobile loans  12,004 - - 11,748 11,748
Credit card  2,297 - - 2,586 2,586
Other consumer loans and leases  405 - - 414 414
Unallocated ALLL  (106) - - - -
Total portfolio loans and leases, net$ 88,654 - - 89,041 89,041
Financial liabilities:      
Deposits$ 101,712 - 101,715 - 101,715
Federal funds purchased  144 144 - - 144
Other short-term borrowings  1,556 - 1,561 - 1,561
Long-term debt  14,967 14,993 655 - 15,648
       

Cash and due from banks, other securities, other short-term investments, deposits, federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings

For financial instruments with a short-term or no stated maturity, prevailing market rates and limited credit risk, carrying amounts approximate fair value. Those financial instruments include cash and due from banks, FHLB and FRB restricted stock, other short-term investments, certain deposits (demand, interest checking, savings, money market and foreign office deposits), federal funds purchased, and other short-term borrowings excluding FHLB borrowings. Fair values for other time deposits, certificates - $100,000 and over and FHLB borrowings were estimated using a DCF calculation that applies prevailing LIBOR/swap interest rates and a spread for new issuances with similar terms.

 

Held-to-maturity securities

The Bancorp's held-to-maturity securities are primarily composed of instruments that provide income tax credits as the economic return on the investment. The fair value of these instruments is estimated based on current U.S. Treasury tax credit rates.

 

Loans held for sale

Fair values for commercial loans held for sale were valued based on executable bids when available, or on DCF models incorporating appraisals of the underlying collateral, as well as assumptions about investor return requirements and amounts and timing of expected cash flows. Fair values for residential mortgage loans held for sale were valued based on estimated third-party valuations utilizing recent sales data from similar transactions. Broker opinion statements were also obtained as additional evidence to support the third-party valuations. Fair values for other consumer loans held for sale were based on contractual values upon which the loans may be sold to a third party, and approximate their carrying value.

 

Portfolio loans and leases, net

Fair values were estimated by discounting future cash flows using the current market rates of loans to borrowers with similar credit characteristics, similar remaining maturities, prepayment speeds and loss severities. The Bancorp estimates fair values at the transaction level whenever possible. For certain products with a large number of homogenous transactions, the Bancorp employs a pool approach. This approach involves stratifying and sorting the entire population of transactions into a smaller number of pools with like characteristics. Characteristics may include maturity date, coupon, origination date and principal amortization method.

 

Long-term debt

Fair value of long-term debt was based on quoted market prices, when available, or a DCF calculation using LIBOR/swap interest rates and, in some cases, Fifth Third credit and/or debt instrument spreads for new issuances with similar terms.