Stock-Based Compensation
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Stock-Based Compensation | 24. stock-based compensation
The Bancorp has historically emphasized employee stock ownership. The following table provides detail of the number of shares to be issued upon exercise of outstanding stock-based awards and remaining shares available for future issuance under all of the Bancorp's equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2014:
Stock-based awards are eligible for issuance under the Bancorp's Incentive Compensation Plan to key employees and directors of the Bancorp and its subsidiaries. The Incentive Compensation Plan was approved by shareholders on April 15, 2014, and authorized the issuance of up to 36 million shares, including 16 million shares for Full Value Awards, as equity compensation and provides for incentive and nonqualified stock options, SARs, RSAs and restricted stock units, and performance shares. Full Value Awards are defined as awards with no cash outlay for the employee to obtain the full value. Based on total stock-based awards outstanding (including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and performance units) and shares remaining for future grants under the 2014 Incentive Compensation Plan, the potential dilution to which the Bancorp's shareholders of common stock are exposed due to the potential that stock-based compensation will be awarded to executives, directors or key employees of the Bancorp is 10%. SARs, restricted stock, stock options and performance units outstanding represent seven percent of the Bancorp's issued shares at December 31, 2014. All of the Bancorp's stock-based awards are to be settled with stock. The Bancorp has historically used treasury stock to settle stock-based awards, when available. SARs, issued at fair value based on the closing price of the Bancorp's common stock on the date of grant, have up to ten-year terms and vest and become exercisable either ratably or fully over a four year period of continued employment. The Bancorp does not grant discounted SARs or stock options, re-price previously granted SARs or stock options, or grant reload stock options. Restricted stock award grants vest after four years, or ratably over three or four years of continued employment and include dividend and voting rights. Stock options were previously issued at fair value based on the closing price of the Bancorp's common stock on the date of grant, have up to ten-year terms and vested and became fully exercisable ratably over a three or four year period of continued employment. Performance unit awards have three-year cliff vesting terms with market conditions as defined by the plan. All of the Bancorp's executive stock-based awards contain an annual performance hurdle of two percent return on tangible common equity. If this threshold is not met all awards that would vest in the next year are forfeited. The Bancorp met this threshold as of December 31, 2014. Stock-based compensation expense was $83 million, $78 million and $69 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and is included in salaries, wages, and incentives in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The total related income tax benefit recognized was $30 million, $28 million and $24 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Stock Appreciation Rights The Bancorp uses assumptions, which are evaluated and revised as necessary, in estimating the grant-date fair value of each SAR grant.
The expected life is generally derived from historical exercise patterns and represents the amount of time that SARs granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected volatility is based on a combination of historical and implied volatilities of the Bancorp's common stock. The expected dividend yield is based on annual dividends divided by the Bancorp's stock price. Annual dividends are based on projected dividends, estimated using an expected long-term dividend payout ratio, over the estimated life of the awards. The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the SARs is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The grant-date fair value of SARs is measured using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of SARs granted was $6.53, $4.56 and $4.23 per share for the years ended 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The total grant-date fair value of SARs that vested during 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $34 million, $29 million, and $22 million, respectively. At December 31, 2014, there was $57 million of stock-based compensation expense related to nonvested SARs not yet recognized. The expense is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 2.4 years.
Restricted Stock Awards The total grant-date fair value of RSAs that vested during 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $32 million, $40 million and $32 million, respectively. At December 31, 2014, there was $88 million of stock-based compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock not yet recognized. The expense is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 2.6 years.
Stock options The grant-date fair value of stock options is measured using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. There were no stock options granted during 2014, 2013 and 2012. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $1 million in 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Cash received from options exercised was $1 million in 2014 and $2 million in both 2013 and 2012. The tax benefit realized from exercised options was immaterial to the Bancorp's Consolidated Financial Statements during 2014, 2013 and 2012. All stock options were vested as of December 31, 2008, therefore, no stock options vested during 2014, 2013 or 2012. As of December 31, 2014, the aggregate intrinsic value of both outstanding options and exercisable options was $2 million.
Other stock-based compensation The Bancorp's Board of Directors previously approved the use of phantom stock units as part of its compensation for executives in connection with changes made in reaction to the TARP compensation rules. On February 22, 2011, the Bancorp redeemed its Series F preferred stock held by the U.S. Treasury under the CPP. As a result of this redemption, the last payment of phantom stock occurred in April of 2011. The phantom stock units were issued under the Bancorp's 2008 Incentive Compensation Plan. The number of phantom stock units was determined each pay period by dividing the amount of salary to be paid in phantom stock units for that pay period, by the reported closing price of the Bancorp's common stock on the pay date for such pay period. The phantom stock units vested immediately on issuance. Phantom stock was expensed based on the number of outstanding units multiplied by the closing price of the Bancorp's stock at period end. The phantom stock units did not include any rights to receive dividends or dividend equivalents. Phantom stock units issued on or before June 12, 2010 were settled in cash upon the earlier to occur of June 15, 2011 or the executive's death. Units issued thereafter were settled in cash with 50% settled on June 15, 2012 and 50% settled on June 15, 2013. The amount paid on settlement of the phantom stock units was equal to the total amount of phantom stock units settled at the reported closing price of the Bancorp's common stock on the settlement date. Under the phantom stock program, no phantom stock units were granted during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012. No phantom stock units were settled during the year ended December 31, 2014 and 200,130 and 199,813 phantom stock units were settled during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Performance units are payable contingent upon the Bancorp achieving certain predefined performance targets over the three-year measurement period. Awards granted during 2014, 2013 and 2012 will be entirely settled in stock. The performance targets are based on the Bancorp's performance relative to a defined peer group. During 2014, 2013 and 2012, 322,567, 348,595, and 344,741 performance units, respectively, were granted by the Bancorp. These awards were granted at a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $15.61, $16.15 and $14.36 per unit during 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Bancorp sponsors a stock purchase plan that allows qualifying employees to purchase shares of the Bancorp's common stock with a 15% match. During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, there were 599,101, 690,039 and 827,709 shares, respectively, purchased by participants and the Bancorp recognized stock-based compensation expense of $1 million in each of the respective years.
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