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Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

6. CREDIT QUALITY AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES

The Bancorp disaggregates ALLL balances and transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment. Credit quality related disclosures for loans and leases are further disaggregated by class. The disaggregated disclosure requirements relating to activity that occurs during a reporting period do not apply to periods beginning before December 15, 2010.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The following table summarizes transactions in the ALLL for the years ended December 31:

         
($ in millions) 201120102009
Balance at January 1$ 3,004  3,749  2,787 
 Impact of change in accounting principle  -  45  - 
 Losses charged off  (1,314)  (2,485)  (2,719) 
 Recoveries of losses previously charged off  142  157  138 
 Provision for loan and lease losses  423  1,538  3,543 
Balance at December 31$ 2,255  3,004  3,749 

The following tables summarize transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment:

For the year ended December 31, 2011   Residential      
($ in millions) CommercialMortgageConsumerUnallocatedTotal
Transactions in the ALLL:           
 Balance at January 1$ 1,989  310  555  150  3,004 
 Losses charged off  (615)  (180)  (519)  -  (1,314) 
 Recoveries of losses previously charged off  61  7  74  -  142 
 Provision for loan and lease losses  92  90  255  (14)  423 
Balance at December 31$ 1,527  227  365  136  2,255 
             
For the year ended December 31, 2010   Residential      
($ in millions) CommercialMortgageConsumerUnallocatedTotal
Transactions in the ALLL:           
 Balance at January 1$ 2,517  375  664  193  3,749 
 Losses charged off  (1,444)  (441)  (600)  -  (2,485) 
 Recoveries of losses previously charged off  80  2  75  -  157 
 Provision for loan and lease losses  836  374  371  (43)  1,538 
 Impact of change in accounting principal  -  -  45  -  45 
Balance at December 31$ 1,989  310  555  150  3,004 

The following tables provide a summary of the ALLL and related loans and leases classified by portfolio segment:

    Residential      
As of December 31, 2011 ($ in millions) CommercialMortgageConsumerUnallocatedTotal
ALLL:(a)           
 Individually evaluated for impairment$ 155  130  65  -  350 
 Collectively evaluated for impairment  1,371  96  300  -  1,767 
 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality  1  1  -  -  2 
 Unallocated  -  -  -  136  136 
Total ALLL$ 1,527  227  365  136  2,255 
Loans and leases:(b)           
 Individually evaluated for impairment$ 1,170  1,258  574  -  3,002 
 Collectively evaluated for impairment  44,299  9,341  24,300  -  77,940 
 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality  3  8  -  -  11 
Total portfolio loans and leases$ 45,472  10,607  24,874  -  80,953 

  • Includes $14 related to leveraged leases.
  • Excludes $65 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value, and includes $1,022 of leveraged leases, net of unearned income.

 

    Residential      
As of December 31, 2010 ($ in millions) Commercial MortgageConsumerUnallocatedTotal
ALLL:(a)           
 Individually evaluated for impairment$ 209  119  107 -  435 
 Collectively evaluated for impairment  1,779  189  448 -  2,416 
 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality  1  2 - -  3 
 Unallocated - - -  150  150 
Total ALLL$ 1,989  310  555  150  3,004 
Loans and leases:(b)           
 Individually evaluated for impairment$ 1,076  1,180  651 -  2,907 
 Collectively evaluated for impairment  42,382  7,718  24,414 -  74,514 
 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality  4  12  8 -  24 
Total portfolio loans and leases$ 43,462  8,910  25,073 -  77,445 

  • Includes $15 related to leveraged leases.
  • Excludes $46 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value, and includes $1,039 of leveraged leases, net of unearned income.

 

CREDIT RISK PROFILE

Commercial Portfolio Segment

For purposes of monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: commercial and industrial, commercial mortgage owner-occupied, commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied, commercial construction and commercial leasing.

To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the commercial portfolio segment, and for purposes of analyzing historical loss rates used in the determination of the ALLL for the commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp utilizes the following categories of credit grades: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss. The five categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. Pass ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers that do not have identified potential or well defined weaknesses and for which there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated periodically based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter.

The Bancorp assigns a special mention rating to loans and leases that have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or the Bancorp's credit position. 

The Bancorp assigns a substandard rating to loans and leases that are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. Substandard loans and leases have well defined weaknesses or weaknesses that could jeopardize the orderly repayment of the debt. Loans and leases in this grade also are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bancorp will sustain some loss if the deficiencies noted are not addressed and corrected.

The Bancorp assigns a doubtful rating to loans and leases that have all the attributes of a substandard rating with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors that may work to the advantage of and strengthen the credit quality of the loan or lease, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors may include a proposed merger or acquisition, liquidation proceeding, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral or refinancing plans.

Loans and leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible and are charged off in the period in which they are determined to be uncollectible. Because loans and leases in this category are fully charged down, they are not included in the following tables.

 

The following table summarizes the credit risk profile of the Bancorp's commercial portfolio segment, by class:

    Special      
As of December 31, 2011 ($ in millions) PassMentionSubstandardDoubtfulTotal
Commercial and industrial loans$ 27,199  1,641  1,831 112  30,783 
Commercial mortgage loans owner-occupied  3,893  567  778  28  5,266 
Commercial mortgage loans nonowner-occupied  3,328  521  984  39  4,872 
Commercial construction loans  343  235  413  29  1,020 
Commercial leases  3,434  52  44  1  3,531 
Total$ 38,197  3,016  4,050  209  45,472 

    Special      
December 31, 2010 ($ in millions) PassMentionSubstandardDoubtfulTotal
Commercial and industrial loans$ 23,147  1,406  2,541  97  27,191 
Commercial mortgage loans owner-occupied  4,034  430  854  22  5,340 
Commercial mortgage loans nonowner-occupied  3,620  647  1,174  64  5,505 
Commercial construction loans  1,034  416  540  58  2,048 
Commercial leases  3,269  60  48  1  3,378 
Total$ 35,104  2,959  5,157  242  43,462 
            

Consumer Portfolio Segment

For purposes of monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its consumer portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: home equity, automobile loans, credit card, and other consumer loans and leases. The Bancorp's residential mortgage portfolio segment is also a separate class.

The Bancorp considers repayment performance as the best indicator of credit quality for residential mortgage and consumer loans, which includes both the delinquency status and performing versus nonperforming status of the loans. The delinquency status of all residential mortgage and consumer loans is presented by class in the age analysis section below while the performing versus nonperforming status is presented in the table below. Residential mortgage loans that have principal and interest payments that have become past due 150 days and home equity loans with principal and interest payments that have become past due 180 days are classified as nonperforming unless such loans are both well secured and in the process of collection. Automobile and other consumer loans and leases that have been modified in a TDR and subsequently become past due 90 days are classified as nonperforming. Credit card loans that have been modified in a TDR are classified as nonperforming unless such loans have a sustained repayment performance of six months or greater and are reasonably assured of repayment in accordance with the restructured terms. Well secured loans are collateralized by perfected security interests in real and/or personal property for which the Bancorp estimates proceeds from sale would be sufficient to recover the outstanding principal and accrued interest balance of the loan and pay all costs to sell the collateral. The Bancorp considers a loan in the process of collection if collection efforts or legal action is proceeding and the Bancorp expects to collect funds sufficient to bring the loan current or recover the entire outstanding principal and accrued interest balance.

The following table presents a summary of the Bancorp's residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments disaggregated into performing versus nonperforming status as of December 31:

  20112010
($ in millions) PerformingNonperformingPerformingNonperforming
Residential mortgage loans(a)$ 10,332  275  8,642  268 
Home equity  10,665  54  11,457  56 
Automobile loans  11,825  2  10,980  3 
Credit card  1,930  48  1,841  55 
Other consumer loans and leases  349  1  597  84 
Total$ 35,101  380  33,517  466 

  • Excludes $65 and $46 of loans measured at fair value at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases

The following tables summarize the Bancorp's recorded investment in portfolio loans and leases by age and class:

     Past Due    
   Current  90 Days     90 Days Past
As of December 31, 2011 Loans and 30-89 andTotal Total LoansDue and Still
($ in millions) LeasesDaysGreater(c)Past Dueand LeasesAccruing
Commercial:             
 Commercial and industrial loans $30,493 49 241 290 30,783 4 
 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 5,088 62 116 178 5,266 1 
 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 4,649 41 182 223 4,872 2 
 Commercial construction loans 887 12 121 133 1,020 1 
 Commercial leases 3,521 4 6 10 3,531 0 
Residential mortgage loans(a) (b) 10,149 110 348 458 10,607 79 
Consumer:             
 Home equity 10,455 136 128 264 10,719 74 
 Automobile loans 11,744 71 12 83 11,827 9 
 Credit card 1,873 33 72 105 1,978 30 
 Other consumer loans and leases  348 1 1 2 350 0 
Total portfolio loans and leases(a)$79,207 519 1,227 1,746 80,953 200 

  • Excludes $65 of loans measured at fair value.
  • Information for current residential mortgage loans includes advances made pursuant to servicing agreements for GNMA mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. As of December 31, 2011, $45 of these loans were 30-89 days past due and $309 were 90 days or more past due. The Bancorp recognized an immaterial amount of losses for the year ended December 31, 2011 due to claim denials and curtailments associated with these advances.
  • Includes accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases.

 

     Past Due    
   Current  90 Days     90 Days Past
As of December 31, 2010 Loans and 30-89andTotal Total LoansDue and Still
($ in millions) LeasesDaysGreater(c)Past Dueand LeasesAccruing
Commercial:             
 Commercial and industrial loans $26,687 201 303 504 27,191 16 
 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 5,151 50 139 189 5,340 8 
 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 5,252 38 215 253 5,505 3 
 Commercial construction loans 1,831 72 145 217 2,048 3 
 Commercial leases 3,361 10 7 17 3,378 0 
Residential mortgage loans(a) (b) 8,404 138 368 506 8,910 100 
Consumer:             
 Home equity 11,220 148 145 293 11,513 89 
 Automobile loans 10,872 96 15 111 10,983 13 
 Credit card 1,771 35 90 125 1,896 42 
 Other consumer loans and leases  672 3 6 9 681 0 
Total portfolio loans and leases(a)$75,221 791 1,433 2,224 77,445 274 

  • Excludes $46 of loans measured at fair value.
  • Information for current residential mortgage loans includes advances made pursuant to servicing agreements for GNMA mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. As of December 31, 2010, $55 of these loans were 30-89 days past due and $284 were 90 days or more past due. The Bancorp recognized $2 million in losses for the year ended December 31, 2010 due to claim denials and curtailments associated with these advances.
  • Includes accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases.

 

Impaired Loans and Leases

Larger commercial loans included within aggregate borrower relationship balances exceeding $1 million that exhibit probable or observed credit weaknesses are subject to individual review for impairment. The Bancorp also performs an individual review on loans that are restructured in a troubled debt restructuring. The Bancorp considers the current value of collateral, credit quality of any guarantees, the loan structure, and other factors when evaluating whether an individual loan is impaired. Other factors may include the geography and industry of the borrower, size and financial condition of the borrower, cash flow and leverage of the borrower, and the Bancorp's evaluation of the borrower's management. Smaller-balance homogenous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment are not included in the following tables.

 

The following table summarizes the Bancorp's impaired loans and leases (by class) that were subject to individual review as of December 31, 2011:

      Unpaid    
As of December 31, 2011   PrincipalRecorded   
($ in millions)   BalanceInvestmentAllowance
With a related allowance recorded:           
Commercial:           
 Commercial and industrial loans     $330 246 102 
 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans     66 52 10 
 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans     203 147 24 
 Commercial construction loans     213 120 18 
 Commercial leases     11 10 2 
Restructured residential mortgage loans     1,091 1,038 131 
Restructured consumer:           
 Home equity     401 397 46 
 Automobile loans     37 37 5 
 Credit card     94 88 14 
 Other consumer loans and leases      2 2 0 
Total impaired loans with a related allowance    $2,448 2,137 352 
With no related allowance recorded:           
Commercial:           
 Commercial and industrial loans     $375 265 0 
 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans     78 69 0 
 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans     191 157 0 
 Commercial construction loans     143 105 0 
 Commercial leases     2 2 0 
Restructured residential mortgage loans     276 228 0 
Restructured consumer:           
 Home equity     48 46 0 
 Automobile loans     4 4 0 
Total impaired loans with no related allowance     1,117 876 0 
Total impaired loans     $3,565 3,013 (a)352 

  • Includes $390, $1,117 and $495, respectively, of commercial, residential mortgage and consumer TDRs on accrual status; $160, $141 and $79, respectively, of commercial, residential mortgage and consumer TDRs on nonaccrual status.

 

The following table summarizes the Bancorp's average impaired loans and leases and interest income by class for the year ended December 31, 2011:

 

     For the year ended
     December 31, 2011
     AverageInterest
     RecordedIncome
($ in millions)   InvestmentRecognized
Commercial:       
 Commercial and industrial loans   $532 5 
 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans   117 2 
 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans   288 5 
 Commercial construction loans   198 3 
 Commercial leases   16 0 
Restructured residential mortgage loans   1,217 41 
Restructured consumer:       
 Home equity   444 23 
 Automobile loans   41 1 
 Credit card   94 3 
 Other consumer loans and leases    21 0 
Total impaired loans  $2,968 83 

The following table summarizes the Bancorp's impaired loans and leases (by class) that were subject to individual review as of December 31, 2010:

 

   Unpaid    
  PrincipalRecorded   
($ in millions) BalanceInvestmentAllowance
With a related allowance recorded:       
Commercial:       
 Commercial and industrial loans $404 291 128 
 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 49 37 4 
 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 386 202 40 
 Commercial construction loans 240 150 31 
 Commercial leases 15 15 7 
Restructured residential mortgage loans 1,126 1,071 121 
Restructured consumer:       
 Home equity 400 397 53 
 Automobile loans 33 32 5 
 Credit card 100 100 18 
 Other consumer loans and leases  78 78 31 
Total impaired loans with a related allowance$2,831 2,373 438 
With no related allowance recorded:       
Commercial:       
 Commercial and industrial loans $194 153 0 
 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 113 99 0 
 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 126 108 0 
 Commercial construction loans 24 8 0 
 Commercial leases 17 17 0 
Restructured residential mortgage loans 146 121 0 
Restructured consumer:       
 Home equity 48 46 0 
 Automobile loans 6 6 0 
Total impaired loans with no related allowance 674 558 0 
Total impaired loans $3,505 2,931 (a)438 

  • Includes $228, $1,066 and $492, respectively, of commercial, residential mortgage and consumer TDRs on accrual status; $141, $116 and $90, respectively, of commercial, residential mortgage and consumer TDRs on nonaccrual status.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, interest income of $74 million and $54 million, was recognized on impaired loans that had an average balance of $3.2 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively.

Nonperforming Assets:

The following table summarizes the Bancorp's nonperforming loans and leases, by class, as of December 31:

 

($ in millions) 20112010
Commercial:     
 Commercial and industrial loans $487 568 
 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans 170 168 
 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans 251 267 
 Commercial construction loans 138 192 
 Commercial leases 12 19 
Total commercial loans and leases 1,058 1,214 
Residential mortgage loans 275 268 
Consumer:     
 Home equity 54 56 
 Automobile loans 2 3 
 Credit card 48 55 
 Other consumer loans and leases  1 84 
Total consumer loans and leases 105 198 
Total nonperforming loans and leases(a)$1,438 1,680 
OREO and other repossessed property(b) 378 494 

  • Excludes $138 and $294 of nonaccrual loans held for sale at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
  • Excludes $64 and $38 of OREO related to government insured loans at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

If a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, the Bancorp may consider, in certain circumstances, modifying the terms of their loan to maximize collection of amounts due. Within each of the Bancorp's loan classes, TDRs typically involve either a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an extension of the loan's maturity date(s) at a stated rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or in limited circumstances, a reduction of the principal balance of the loan or the loan's accrued interest. Upon modification, an impairment loss is recognized as an increase to the ALLL and is measured as the difference between the original loan's carrying amount and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the original, effective yield of the loan. If a portion of the original loan's principal balance is determined to be uncollectible at the time of modification, or if the TDR involves a reduction of the principal balance of the loan or the loan's accrued interest, that amount is charged off to the ALLL. At December 31, 2011, the Bancorp had $42 million in line of credit commitments and $1 million in letter of credit commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring compared to $47 million and $1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2010.

The following table provides a summary of loans modified in a TDR by the Bancorp during the year ended December 31, 2011:

    Recorded investmentIncrease  
  Number of loansin loans modified(Decrease)Charge-offs
 modified in a TDRin a TDR to ALLL uponrecognized upon
($ in millions)(a)during the period(b)during the periodmodificationmodification
Commercial:         
 Commercial and industrial loans 52 $83  (4) 3 
 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans32  55  (6) 2 
 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans39  90  (21) 3 
 Commercial construction loans26  59  (9) 1 
 Commercial leases2  0 0 0 
Residential mortgage loans1,728  338 34 0 
Consumer:         
 Home equity1,317  80 1 0 
 Automobile loans1,482  26 3 0 
 Credit card12,234  79 11 0 
Total portfolio loans and leases16,912 $810  9 9 

  • Excludes all loans and leases held for sale and loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality.
  • Represents number of loans post-modification.

 

The Bancorp considers TDRs that become 90 days or more past due under the modified terms as subsequently defaulted.  For commercial loans not subject to individual review for impairment, the historical loss rates that are applied to such commercial loans for purposes of determining the allowance include historical losses associated with subsequent defaults on loans previously modified in a TDR.  For consumer loans, the Bancorp performs a qualitative assessment of the adequacy of the consumer ALLL by comparing the consumer ALLL to forecasted consumer losses over the projected loss emergence period (the forecasted losses include the impact of subsequent defaults of consumer TDRs).  When a residential mortgage, home equity, auto or other consumer loan that has been modified in a TDR subsequently defaults, the present value of expected cash flows used in the measurement of the potential impairment loss is generally limited to the expected net proceeds from the sale of the loan's underlying collateral and any resulting impairment loss is reflected as a charge-off or an increase in ALLL.  When a credit card loan that has been modified in a TDR subsequently defaults, the calculation of the impairment loss is consistent with the Bancorp's calculation for other credit card loans that have become 90 days or more past due.

 

The following table provides a summary of subsequent defaults that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2011 and within 12 months of the restructuring date:

  Number of Recorded
($ in millions)(a)Contracts Investment
Commercial:     
 Commercial and industrial loans 8 $4 
 Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans4  5 
 Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans4  3 
 Commercial construction loans3  4 
Residential mortgage loans337  55 
Consumer:     
 Home equity206  13 
 Automobile loans28  1 
 Credit card67  1 
Total portfolio loans and leases657 $86 

  • Excludes all loans and leases held for sale and loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality.