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Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Credit Quality and the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The Bancorp disaggregates ALLL balances and transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment. Credit quality related disclosures for loans and leases are further disaggregated by class.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The following tables summarize transactions in the ALLL by portfolio segment:


For the three months ended March 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	Commercial		Residential Mortgage	Consumer	Total
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,102	235	555	1,892
Losses charged off(a)	(11)		(1)	(52)	(64)
Recoveries of losses previously charged off(a)	3		2	25	30
Provision for loan and lease losses	16		3	31	50
Balance, end of period	$	1,110	239	559	1,908

(a)The Bancorp recorded $8 in both losses charged off and recoveries of losses previously charged off related to customer defaults on point-of-sale consumer loans for which the Bancorp obtained recoveries under third-party credit enhancements.


For the three months ended March 31, 2021 ($ in millions)	Commercial		Residential Mortgage	Consumer	Total
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,456	294	703	2,453
Losses charged off(a)	(35)		(1)	(73)	(109)
Recoveries of losses previously charged off(a)	7		1	30	38
Benefit from loan and lease losses	(99)		(47)	(28)	(174)
Balance, end of period	$	1,329	247	632	2,208

(a)The Bancorp recorded $10 in both losses charged off and recoveries of losses previously charged off related to customer defaults on point-of-sale consumer loans for which the Bancorp obtained recoveries under third-party credit enhancements.

The following tables provide a summary of the ALLL and related loans and leases classified by portfolio segment:


As of March 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	Commercial		Residential Mortgage	Consumer	Total
ALLL:(a)
Individually evaluated	$	82	47	44	173
Collectively evaluated	1,028		192	515	1,735
Total ALLL	$	1,110	239	559	1,908
Portfolio loans and leases:(b)
Individually evaluated	$	572	549	321	1,442
Collectively evaluated	72,366		16,450	25,462	114,278
Total portfolio loans and leases	$	72,938	16,999	25,783	115,720

(a)Includes $2 related to commercial leveraged leases at March 31, 2022.

(b)Excludes $145 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value and includes $262 of commercial leveraged leases, net of unearned income at March 31, 2022.


As of December 31, 2021 ($ in millions)	Commercial		Residential Mortgage	Consumer	Total
ALLL:(a)
Individually evaluated	$	77	46	41	164
Collectively evaluated	1,025		189	514	1,728
Total ALLL	$	1,102	235	555	1,892
Portfolio loans and leases:(b)
Individually evaluated	$	579	460	313	1,352
Collectively evaluated	69,689		15,783	25,072	110,544

Total portfolio loans and leases	$	70,268	16,243	25,385	111,896

(a)Includes $2 related to commercial leveraged leases at December 31, 2021.

(b)Excludes $154 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value and includes $285 of commercial leveraged leases, net of unearned income at December 31, 2021.

CREDIT RISK PROFILE

Commercial Portfolio Segment

For purposes of monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: commercial and industrial, commercial mortgage owner-occupied, commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied, commercial construction and commercial leases.

To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the commercial portfolio segment, the Bancorp utilizes the following categories of credit grades: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss. The five categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter.

Pass ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers that do not have identified potential or well-defined weaknesses and for which there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated at least annually based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter.

The Bancorp assigns a special mention rating to loans and leases that have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or the Bancorp’s credit position.

The Bancorp assigns a substandard rating to loans and leases that are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. Substandard loans and leases have well-defined weaknesses or weaknesses that could jeopardize the orderly repayment of the debt. Loans and leases in this grade also are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bancorp will sustain some loss if the deficiencies noted are not addressed and corrected.

The Bancorp assigns a doubtful rating to loans and leases that have all the attributes of a substandard rating with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors that may work to the advantage of and strengthen the credit quality of the loan or lease, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors may include a proposed merger or acquisition, liquidation proceeding, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral or refinancing plans.

Loans and leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible and are charged off in the period in which they are determined to be uncollectible. Because loans and leases in this category are fully charged off, they are not included in the following tables.

For loans and leases that are collectively evaluated, the Bancorp utilizes models to forecast expected credit losses over a reasonable and supportable forecast period based on the probability of a loan or lease defaulting, the expected balance at the estimated date of default and the expected loss percentage given a default. For the commercial portfolio segment, the estimates for probability of default are primarily based on internal ratings assigned to each commercial borrower on a 13-point scale and historical observations of how those ratings migrate to a default over time in the context of macroeconomic conditions. For loans with available credit, the estimate of the expected balance at the time of default considers expected utilization rates, which are primarily based on macroeconomic conditions and the utilization history of similar borrowers under those economic conditions. The estimates for loss severity are primarily based on collateral type and coverage levels and the susceptibility of those characteristics to changes in macroeconomic conditions. For more information about the Bancorp’s processes for developing these models, estimating credit losses for periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period and for estimating credit losses for individually evaluated loans, refer to Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s commercial portfolio segment, by class and vintage, disaggregated by credit risk grade:


As of March 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year							Revolving Loans	Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
	2022		2021	2020	2019	2018	Prior			Total
Commercial and industrial loans:
Pass	$	1,270	4,635	1,823	1,038	491	897	40,918	—	51,072
Special mention	—		41	18	12	8	18	631	—	728
Substandard	14		40	56	26	50	209	1,714	—	2,109
Doubtful	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total commercial and industrial loans	$	1,284	4,716	1,897	1,076	549	1,124	43,263	—	53,909
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans:
Pass	$	443	997	652	347	263	441	1,339	—	4,482
Special mention	6		36	33	45	12	5	64	—	201
Substandard	4		4	47	40	22	69	107	—	293
Doubtful	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total commercial mortgage owner- occupied loans	$	453	1,037	732	432	297	515	1,510	—	4,976
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans:
Pass	$	481	572	653	578	269	371	1,985	—	4,909
Special mention	5		89	—	7	3	15	116	—	235
Substandard	44		144	41	4	3	10	328	—	574
Doubtful	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans	$	530	805	694	589	275	396	2,429	—	5,718
Commercial construction loans:
Pass	$	—	25	98	14	36	9	4,707	—	4,889
Special mention	—		—	—	—	—	—	198	—	198
Substandard	—		10	—	—	—	—	323	—	333
Doubtful	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total commercial construction loans	—		35	98	14	36	9	5,228	—	5,420
Commercial leases:
Pass	$	102	891	401	270	216	970	—	—	2,850
Special mention	—		4	3	5	8	6	—	—	26
Substandard	—		6	2	7	9	15	—	—	39
Doubtful	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total commercial leases	$	102	901	406	282	233	991	—	—	2,915
Total commercial loans and leases:
Pass	$	2,296	7,120	3,627	2,247	1,275	2,688	48,949	—	68,202
Special mention	11		170	54	69	31	44	1,009	—	1,388
Substandard	62		204	146	77	84	303	2,472	—	3,348
Doubtful	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total commercial loans and leases	$	2,369	7,494	3,827	2,393	1,390	3,035	52,430	—	72,938


As of December 31, 2021 ($ in millions)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year							Revolving Loans	Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
	2021		2020	2019	2018	2017	Prior			Total
Commercial and industrial loans:
Pass	$	4,266	2,291	1,198	552	356	752	39,486	—	48,901
Special mention	37		22	12	29	22	5	665	—	792
Substandard	19		52	36	69	52	115	1,623	—	1,966
Doubtful	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total commercial and industrial loans	$	4,322	2,365	1,246	650	430	872	41,774	—	51,659
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans:
Pass	$	1,082	804	471	296	183	331	1,141	—	4,308
Special mention	—		31	46	17	2	40	69	—	205
Substandard	22		38	3	12	3	27	91	—	196
Doubtful	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans	$	1,104	873	520	325	188	398	1,301	—	4,709
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans:
Pass	$	635	733	595	284	141	302	1,977	—	4,667
Special mention	89		12	11	5	7	9	162	—	295
Substandard	160		78	4	3	9	3	388	—	645
Doubtful	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans	$	884	823	610	292	157	314	2,527	—	5,607
Commercial construction loans:
Pass	$	50	69	11	37	—	9	4,488	—	4,664
Special mention	—		39	—	—	—	—	193	—	232
Substandard	17		—	—	—	—	—	328	—	345
Doubtful	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total commercial construction loans	$	67	108	11	37	—	9	5,009	—	5,241
Commercial leases:
Pass	$	1,019	436	284	231	233	776	—	—	2,979
Special mention	4		4	5	9	—	8	—	—	30
Substandard	7		3	8	10	13	2	—	—	43
Doubtful	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total commercial leases	$	1,030	443	297	250	246	786	—	—	3,052
Total commercial loans and leases:
Pass	$	7,052	4,333	2,559	1,400	913	2,170	47,092	—	65,519
Special mention	130		108	74	60	31	62	1,089	—	1,554
Substandard	225		171	51	94	77	147	2,430	—	3,195
Doubtful	—		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total commercial loans and leases	$	7,407	4,612	2,684	1,554	1,021	2,379	50,611	—	70,268

Age Analysis of Past Due Commercial Loans and Leases

The following tables summarize the Bancorp’s amortized cost basis in portfolio commercial loans and leases, by age and class:


	Current Loans and Leases(a)		Past Due			Total Loans and Leases	90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing
As of March 31, 2022 ($ in millions)			30-89 Days(a)	90 Days or More(a)	Total Past Due
Commercial loans and leases:
Commercial and industrial loans(b)	$	53,789	86	34	120	53,909	9
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans	4,968		5	3	8	4,976	1
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans	5,710		5	3	8	5,718	1
Commercial construction loans	5,411		9	—	9	5,420	—
Commercial leases	2,905		7	3	10	2,915	—
Total portfolio commercial loans and leases	$	72,783	112	43	155	72,938	11

(a)Includes accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases.

(b)Includes loans related to the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program of which $5 were 30-89 days past due and $2 were 90 days or more past due.


	Current Loans and Leases(a)		Past Due			Total Loans and Leases	90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing
As of December 31, 2021 ($ in millions)			30-89 Days(a)	90 Days or More(a)	Total Past Due
Commercial loans and leases:
Commercial and industrial loans(b)	$	51,549	61	49	110	51,659	17
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans	4,701		4	4	8	4,709	1
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans	5,606		—	1	1	5,607	—
Commercial construction loans	5,241		—	—	—	5,241	1
Commercial leases	3,035		16	1	17	3,052	—
Total portfolio commercial loans and leases	$	70,132	81	55	136	70,268	19

(a)Includes accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases.

(b)Includes loans related to the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program, of which $20 were 30-89 days past due and $6 were 90 days or more past due.

Residential Mortgage and Consumer Portfolio Segments

For purposes of monitoring the credit quality and risk characteristics of its consumer portfolio segment, the Bancorp disaggregates the segment into the following classes: home equity, indirect secured consumer loans, credit card and other consumer loans. The Bancorp’s residential mortgage portfolio segment is also a separate class.

The Bancorp considers repayment performance as the best indicator of credit quality for residential mortgage and consumer loans, which includes both the delinquency status and performing versus nonperforming status of the loans. The delinquency status of all residential mortgage and consumer loans and the performing versus nonperforming status is presented in the following table. Loans and leases which received payment deferrals or forbearances as part of the Bancorp’s COVID-19 customer relief programs are generally not reported as delinquent during the forbearance or deferral period if the loan or lease was less than 30 days past due at March 1, 2020 (the effective date of the COVID-19 national emergency declaration) unless the loan or lease subsequently becomes delinquent according to its modified terms. Refer to Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for additional information.

For collectively evaluated loans in the consumer and residential mortgage portfolio segments, the Bancorp’s expected credit loss models primarily utilize the borrower’s FICO score and delinquency history in combination with macroeconomic conditions when estimating the probability of default. The estimates for loss severity are primarily based on collateral type and coverage levels and the susceptibility of those characteristics to changes in macroeconomic conditions. The expected balance at the estimated date of default is also particularly significant for portfolio classes which generally have longer terms (such as residential mortgage loans and home equity) and portfolio classes containing a high concentration of loans with revolving privileges (such as home equity). The estimate of the expected balance at the time of default considers expected prepayment and utilization rates where applicable, which are primarily based on macroeconomic conditions and the utilization history of similar borrowers under those economic conditions. Refer to Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for additional information about the Bancorp’s process for developing these models and its process for estimating credit losses for periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments, by class and vintage, disaggregated by both age and performing versus nonperforming status:


As of March 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	Term Loans by Origination Year							Revolving Loans	Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
	2022		2021	2020	2019	2018	Prior			Total
Residential mortgage loans:
Performing:
Current(a)	$	1,124	5,773	3,255	1,203	413	5,116	—	—	16,884
30-89 days past due	—		—	1	1	1	12	—	—	15
90 days or more past due	—		—	1	—	1	10	—	—	12
Total performing	1,124		5,773	3,257	1,204	415	5,138	—	—	16,911
Nonperforming	—		1	2	2	3	80	—	—	88
Total residential mortgage loans(b)	$	1,124	5,774	3,259	1,206	418	5,218	—	—	16,999
Home equity:
Performing:
Current	$	—	2	5	12	16	106	3,657	15	3,813
30-89 days past due	—		—	—	—	—	3	22	—	25
90 days or more past due	—		—	—	—	—	1	—	—	1
Total performing	—		2	5	12	16	110	3,679	15	3,839
Nonperforming	—		—	—	—	—	10	66	1	77
Total home equity	$	—	2	5	12	16	120	3,745	16	3,916
Indirect secured consumer loans:
Performing:
Current	$	2,591	7,860	3,715	1,901	741	477	—	—	17,285
30-89 days past due	4		32	25	24	14	9	—	—	108
90 days or more past due	—		3	2	2	1	1	—	—	9
Total performing	2,595		7,895	3,742	1,927	756	487	—	—	17,402
Nonperforming	—		1	9	5	4	3	—	—	22
Total indirect secured consumer loans	$	2,595	7,896	3,751	1,932	760	490	—	—	17,424
Credit card:
Performing:
Current	$	—	—	—	—	—	—	1,636	—	1,636
30-89 days past due	—		—	—	—	—	—	17	—	17
90 days or more past due	—		—	—	—	—	—	14	—	14
Total performing	—		—	—	—	—	—	1,667	—	1,667
Nonperforming	—		—	—	—	—	—	23	—	23
Total credit card	$	—	—	—	—	—	—	1,690	—	1,690
Other consumer loans:
Performing:
Current	$	122	642	465	238	153	135	974	10	2,739
30-89 days past due	—		3	2	2	2	1	2	—	12
90 days or more past due	—		—	—	1	—	—	—	—	1
Total performing	122		645	467	241	155	136	976	10	2,752
Nonperforming	—		—	—	—	—	—	1	—	1
Total other consumer loans	$	122	645	467	241	155	136	977	10	2,753
Total residential mortgage and consumer loans:
Performing:
Current	$	3,837	14,277	7,440	3,354	1,323	5,834	6,267	25	42,357
30-89 days past due	4		35	28	27	17	25	41	—	177
90 days or more past due	—		3	3	3	2	12	14	—	37
Total performing	3,841		14,315	7,471	3,384	1,342	5,871	6,322	25	42,571
Nonperforming	—		2	11	7	7	93	90	1	211
Total residential mortgage and consumer loans(b)	$	3,841	14,317	7,482	3,391	1,349	5,964	6,412	26	42,782

(a)Information includes advances made pursuant to servicing agreements for GNMA mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. As of March 31, 2022, $64 of these loans were 30-89 days past due and $172 were 90 days or more past due. The Bancorp recognized $1 of losses during the three months ended March 31, 2022 due to claim denials and curtailments associated with these insured or guaranteed loans.

(b)Excludes $145 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value at March 31, 2022.


As of December 31, 2021 ($ in millions)	Term Loans by Origination Year							Revolving Loans	Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
	2021		2020	2019	2018	2017	Prior			Total
Residential mortgage loans:
Performing:
Current(a)	$	5,886	3,309	1,294	418	954	4,261	—	—	16,122
30-89 days past due	1		1	1	1	1	13	—	—	18
90 days or more past due	—		2	4	3	9	52	—	—	70
Total performing	5,887		3,312	1,299	422	964	4,326	—	—	16,210
Nonperforming	—		—	1	—	2	30	—	—	33
Total residential mortgage loans(b)	$	5,887	3,312	1,300	422	966	4,356	—	—	16,243
Home equity:
Performing:
Current	$	2	6	13	18	2	113	3,815	12	3,981
30-89 days past due	—		—	—	—	—	3	22	—	25
90 days or more past due	—		—	—	—	—	1	—	—	1
Total performing	2		6	13	18	2	117	3,837	12	4,007
Nonperforming	—		—	—	—	—	9	67	1	77
Total home equity	$	2	6	13	18	2	126	3,904	13	4,084
Indirect secured consumer loans:
Performing:
Current	$	8,732	4,206	2,221	902	389	194	—	—	16,644
30-89 days past due	26		24	25	17	8	3	—	—	103
90 days or more past due	2		2	2	2	1	—	—	—	9
Total performing	8,760		4,232	2,248	921	398	197	—	—	16,756
Nonperforming	—		12	5	5	3	2	—	—	27
Total indirect secured consumer loans	$	8,760	4,244	2,253	926	401	199	—	—	16,783
Credit card:
Performing:
Current	$	—	—	—	—	—	—	1,710	—	1,710
30-89 days past due	—		—	—	—	—	—	18	—	18
90 days or more past due	—		—	—	—	—	—	15	—	15
Total performing	—		—	—	—	—	—	1,743	—	1,743
Nonperforming	—		—	—	—	—	—	23	—	23
Total credit card	$	—	—	—	—	—	—	1,766	—	1,766
Other consumer loans:
Performing:
Current	$	692	530	275	174	105	47	913	—	2,736
30-89 days past due	3		2	3	2	1	—	2	1	14
90 days or more past due	—		—	1	—	—	—	—	—	1
Total performing	695		532	279	176	106	47	915	1	2,751
Nonperforming	—		—	—	—	—	—	1	—	1
Total other consumer loans	$	695	532	279	176	106	47	916	1	2,752
Total residential mortgage and consumer loans:
Performing:
Current	$	15,312	8,051	3,803	1,512	1,450	4,615	6,438	12	41,193
30-89 days past due	30		27	29	20	10	19	42	1	178
90 days or more past due	2		4	7	5	10	53	15	—	96
Total performing	15,344		8,082	3,839	1,537	1,470	4,687	6,495	13	41,467
Nonperforming	—		12	6	5	5	41	91	1	161
Total residential mortgage and consumer loans(b)	$	15,344	8,094	3,845	1,542	1,475	4,728	6,586	14	41,628

(a)Information includes advances made pursuant to servicing agreements for GNMA mortgage pools whose repayments are insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA. As of December 31, 2021, $49 of these loans were 30-89 days past due and $139 were 90 days or more past due. The Bancorp recognized $1 of losses during the three months ended March 31, 2021 due to claim denials and curtailments associated with these insured or guaranteed loans.

(b)Excludes $154 of residential mortgage loans measured at fair value at December 31, 2021.

Collateral-Dependent Loans and Leases

The Bancorp considers a loan or lease to be collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. When a loan or lease is collateral-dependent, its fair value is generally based on the fair value less cost to sell of the underlying collateral.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s collateral-dependent loans and leases, by portfolio class, as of:


($ in millions)	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Commercial loans and leases:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	470	467
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans	15		22
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans	28		31
Commercial construction loans	56		56
Commercial leases	3		3
Total commercial loans and leases	$	572	579
Residential mortgage loans	57		60
Consumer loans:
Home equity	54		58
Indirect secured consumer loans	7		8

Total consumer loans	$	61	66
Total portfolio loans and leases	$	690	705

Nonperforming Assets

Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans and leases for which ultimate collectability of the full amount of the principal and/or interest is uncertain; restructured commercial, credit card and consumer loans which do not meet the requirements to be classified as a performing asset; and certain other assets, including OREO and other repossessed property.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the Bancorp’s nonaccrual loans and leases, by class, and OREO and other repossessed property as of:


	March 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
($ in millions)	With an ALLL		No Related ALLL	Total	With an ALLL	No Related ALLL	Total
Commercial loans and leases:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	167	105	272	151	128	279
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans	8		12	20	10	13	23
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans	22		—	22	22	3	25
Commercial construction loans	6		—	6	6	—	6
Commercial leases	3		—	3	3	1	4
Total nonaccrual portfolio commercial loans and leases	$	206	117	323	192	145	337
Residential mortgage loans	45		43	88	14	19	33
Consumer loans:
Home equity	55		22	77	53	24	77
Indirect secured consumer loans	17		5	22	21	6	27
Credit card	23		—	23	23	—	23
Other consumer loans	1		—	1	1	—	1
Total nonaccrual portfolio consumer loans	$	96	27	123	98	30	128
Total nonaccrual portfolio loans and leases(a)(b)	$	347	187	534	304	194	498
OREO and other repossessed property	—		32	32	—	29	29
Total nonperforming portfolio assets(a)(b)	$	347	219	566	304	223	527

(a)Excludes $4 and $15 of nonaccrual loans held for sale as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

(b)Includes $20 and $26 of nonaccrual government insured commercial loans whose repayments are insured by the SBA as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, of which $11 are restructured nonaccrual government insured commercial loans as of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The Bancorp recognized an immaterial amount of interest income on nonaccrual loans and leases for both the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

The Bancorp’s amortized cost basis of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction was $144 million and $84 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

A loan is accounted for as a TDR if the Bancorp, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. TDRs include concessions granted under reorganization, arrangement or other provisions of the Federal Bankruptcy Act. Within each of the Bancorp’s loan classes, TDRs typically involve either a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an extension of the loan’s maturity date with a stated rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or in limited circumstances, a reduction of the principal balance of the loan or the loan’s accrued interest. Modifying the terms of a loan may result in an increase or decrease to the ALLL depending upon the terms modified, the method used to measure the ALLL for a loan prior to modification, the extent of collateral, and whether any charge-offs were recorded on the loan before or at the time of modification. Refer to the ALLL section of Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for information on the Bancorp’s ALLL methodology. Upon modification of a loan, the Bancorp measures the expected credit loss as either the difference between the amortized cost of the loan and the fair value of collateral less cost to sell or the difference between the estimated future cash flows expected to be collected on the modified loan, discounted at the original effective yield of the loan, and the carrying value of the loan. The resulting measurement may result in the need for minimal or no allowance regardless of which is used because it is probable that all cash flows will be collected under the modified terms of the loan. In addition, if the stated interest rate was increased in a TDR that is not collateral-dependent, the cash flows on the modified loan, using the pre-modification interest rate as the discount rate, often exceed the amortized cost basis of the loan. Conversely, upon a modification that reduces the stated interest rate on a loan that is not collateral-dependent, the Bancorp recognizes an increase to the ALLL. If a TDR involves a reduction of the principal balance of the loan or the loan’s accrued interest, that amount is charged off to the ALLL. Loans discharged in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower are treated as nonaccrual collateral-dependent loans with a charge-off recognized to reduce the carrying values of such loans to the fair value of the related collateral less costs to sell. Certain loan modifications which were made in response to the COVID-19 pandemic were not evaluated for classification as a TDR. Refer to the Regulatory Developments Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic section of Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for additional information.

The Bancorp had commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms have been modified in a TDR, consisting of line of credit and letter of credit commitments of $147 million and $65 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2022 compared to $121 million and $66 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2021.

The following tables provide a summary of portfolio loans, by class, modified in a TDR by the Bancorp during the three months ended:


March 31, 2022 ($ in millions)	Number of Loans Modified in a TDR During the Period(a)	Amortized Cost Basis of Loans Modified in a TDR During the Period		Increase (Decrease) to ALLL Upon Modification	Charge-offs Recognized Upon Modification
Commercial loans:
Commercial and industrial loans	30	$	91	13	—
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans	5	4		(1)	—

Residential mortgage loans	260	42		3	—
Consumer loans:
Home equity	52	7		(1)	—
Indirect secured consumer loans	1,274	27		—	—
Credit card	1,121	6		2	—
Total portfolio loans	2,742	$	177	16	—

(a)Represents number of loans post-modification and excludes loans previously modified in a TDR.


March 31, 2021 ($ in millions)	Number of Loans Modified in a TDR During the Period(a)	Amortized Cost Basis in Loans Modified in a TDR During the Period		Increase (Decrease) to ALLL Upon Modification	Charge-offs Recognized Upon Modification
Commercial loans:
Commercial and industrial loans	19	$	6	1	—
Commercial mortgage owner-occupied loans	1	4		—	—
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans	3	25		—	—

Residential mortgage loans	178	36		1	—
Consumer loans:
Home equity	58	3		(1)	—
Indirect secured consumer loans	1,743	43		1	—
Credit card	1,795	10		3	—
Total portfolio loans	3,797	$	127	5	—

(a)Represents number of loans post-modification and excludes loans previously modified in a TDR.

The Bancorp considers TDRs that become 90 days or more past due under the modified terms as subsequently defaulted. For commercial loans not subject to individual evaluation for an ALLL, the applicable commercial models are applied for purposes of determining the ALLL as well as qualitatively assessing whether those loans are reasonably expected to be further restructured prior to their maturity date and, if so, the impact such a restructuring would have on the remaining contractual life of the loans. When a residential mortgage, home equity, indirect secured consumer or other consumer loan that has been modified in a TDR subsequently defaults, the present value of expected cash flows used in the measurement of the expected credit loss is generally limited to the expected net proceeds from the sale of the loan’s underlying collateral and any resulting collateral shortfall is reflected as a charge-off or an increase in ALLL. The Bancorp recognizes an ALLL for the entire balance of the credit card loans modified in a TDR that subsequently default.

The following tables provide a summary of TDRs that subsequently defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 and were within 12 months of the restructuring date:


March 31, 2022 ($ in millions)(a)	Number of Contracts	Amortized Cost
Commercial loans:
Commercial and industrial loans	6	$	—


Residential mortgage loans	29	3
Consumer loans:
Home equity	10	1
Indirect secured consumer loans	25	—
Credit card	105	1
Total portfolio loans	175	$	5

(a)Excludes all loans held for sale and loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality which were accounted for within a pool.


March 31, 2021 ($ in millions)(a)	Number of Contracts	Amortized Cost
Commercial loans:
Commercial mortgage nonowner-occupied loans	1	$	25
Residential mortgage loans	35	4
Consumer loans:
Home equity	12	1
Indirect secured consumer loans	26	1
Credit card	23	—
Total portfolio loans	97	$	31

(a)Excludes all loans held for sale and loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality which were accounted for within a pool.