Revenue from Contracts with Customers

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Our Broadband segment provides broadband data, video and voice services to residential and commercial customers in portions of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky via fiber optic, hybrid fiber coaxial cable, and fixed wireless networks. The Broadband segment also provides voice and DSL telephone services to customers in Virginia’s Shenandoah County and portions of adjacent counties as a Rural Local Exchange Carrier (“RLEC”).

These contracts are generally cancellable at the customer’s discretion without penalty at any time. We allocate the total transaction price in these transactions based upon the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service. We generally recognize these revenues over time as customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of the service, with the exception of equipment sales and home wiring, which are recognized as revenue at a point in time when control transfers and when installation is complete, respectively. Installation fees, charged upfront without transfer of commensurate goods or services to the customer, are allocated to services and are recognized ratably over the longer of the contract term or the period in which the unrecognized fee remains material to the contract, which we estimate to be one year. Additionally, the Company incurs commission expenses related to in-house and third-party vendors which are capitalized and amortized over the expected weighted average customer life which is approximately six years. Amortization of capitalized commission expenses is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.

Below is a summary of the Broadband segment's capitalized contract acquisition costs:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Beginning Balance	$	8,427	$	7,524	$	8,147	$	7,358
Contract payments	983		710		2,630		2,535
Contract amortization	(729)		(223)		(2,096)		(1,882)
Ending Balance	$	8,681	$	8,011	$	8,681	$	8,011

Our Broadband segment also provides Ethernet and Wavelength fiber optic services to commercial fiber customers under capacity agreements, and the related revenue is recognized over time. In some cases, non-refundable upfront fees are charged for connecting commercial fiber customers to our fiber network. Those amounts are recognized ratably over the longer of the contract term or the period in which the unrecognized fee remains material to the respective contract. A related contract liability of $4.1 million at September 30, 2022 is recorded in other liabilities on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet and is expected to be recognized into revenue at the rate of approximately $0.2 million per year.

The Broadband segment also leases dedicated fiber optic strands to customers as part of “dark fiber” agreements, which are accounted for as leases under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 842, Leases, ("ASC 842"). Our Tower segment leases space on owned cell towers to our Broadband segment, and to other wireless carriers. Revenue from these leases is accounted for under ASC 842. Refer to Note 13, Segment Reporting, for a summary of these revenue streams.