Loan and Lease Finance Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses
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Dec. 31, 2011
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Allowance for Credit Losses and Loans & Lease Real Estate Owned (Non-Covered Loans) [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LOAN AND LEASE FINANCE RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES |
4. LOAN AND LEASE FINANCE RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The following is a summary of the components of loan and lease finance receivables:
At December 31, 2011, the Company held approximately $1.31 billion of fixed rate loans. As of December 31, 2011, 61.5% of the loan portfolio consisted of commercial real estate loans and 2.7% of the loan portfolio consisted of construction loans. Substantially all of the Company’s real estate loans and construction loans are secured by real properties located in California.
The following is the activity of loans held for sale for the year ended December 31, 2011 and 2010: Non-Covered Loans Held for Sale Activity
Covered Loans Held for Sale Activity
During the second quarter ended June 30, 2011, a decision was made to sell one loan and it was transferred to held for sale at a fair value of $6.0 million and resulted in a charge-off against the allowance for credit losses of $619,000 at the time of transfer. This loan was subsequently sold in July, 2011 at a small gain. Also, in the nine months ended September 30, 2011, another loan classified as held for sale with a book value of $1.7 million was written-off to zero with the write-off reported as part of non-interest income. The loan was the subject of legal proceedings regarding our lien position and a preliminary decision by the court found that our lien was not in a first priority position. After careful analysis of the preliminary court decision and valuation of the subject collateral, we wrote off the remaining carrying amount. During 2011, 12 covered loans in an aggregate carrying balance of $5.7 million were transferred to held-for-sale. Occasionally, the Company may decide to retain and not sell certain mortgage loans originated and will transfer them to its held for investment loan portfolio. This is generally done for customer service purposes. Credit Quality Indicators
Central to our credit risk management is our loan risk rating system. The originating credit officer assigns borrowers an initial risk rating, which is reviewed and possibly changed by Credit Management, which is based primarily on a thorough analysis of each borrower’s financial capacity in conjunction with industry and economic trends. Approvals are made based upon the amount of inherent credit risk specific to the transaction and are reviewed for appropriateness by senior line and credit management personnel. Credits are monitored by line and credit management personnel for deterioration in a borrower’s financial condition, which would impact the ability of the borrower to perform under the contract. Risk ratings are adjusted as necessary. Loans are risk rated into the following categories (Credit Quality Indicators): Pass, Pass Watch List, Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful and Loss. Each of these groups is assessed for the proper amount to be used in determining the adequacy of our allowance for losses. These categories can be described as follows: Pass – These loans range from minimal credit risk to lower than average, but still acceptable, credit risk. Pass Watch List — Pass Watch list loans usually require more than normal management attention. Loans which qualify for the Pass Watch List may involve borrowers with adverse financial trends, higher debt/equity ratios, or weaker liquidity positions, but not to the degree of being considered a defined weakness or problem loan where risk of loss may be apparent. Special Mention — Loans assigned to this category are currently protected but are weak. Although concerns exist, the Company is currently protected and loss is unlikely. They have potential weaknesses that may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position at some future date. Substandard – Loans classified as substandard include poor liquidity, high leverage, and erratic earnings or losses. The primary source of repayment is no longer realistic, and asset or collateral liquidation may be the only source of repayment. Loans are marginal and require continuing and close supervision by credit management. Substandard loans have the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful – Loans classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection or the liquidation, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the assets, their classifications as losses are deferred until their more exact status may be determined. Loss — Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as active assets of the Company is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.
The following table summarizes our internal credit risk rating categories by loan class as of December 31, 2011 and 2010: Credit Quality Indicators As of December 31, 2011 and 2010 (Dollars in thousands) Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade
Allowance for Credit Losses The Credit Management Division is responsible for regularly reviewing the allowance for credit losses (“ALLL”) methodology, including loss factors and economic risk factors. The Bank’s Director Loan Committee provides Board oversight of the ALLL process and approves the ALLL methodology on a quarterly basis. Our methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance is conducted on a regular basis and considers all loans. The systematic methodology consists of two major phases. In the first phase, individual loans are reviewed to identify loans for impairment. A loan is generally considered impaired when principal and interest are deemed uncollectible in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. A loan for which there is an insignificant delay or amount of payments is not considered an impaired loan. Impairment is measured as either the expected future cash flows discounted at each loan’s effective interest rate, the fair value of the loan’s collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, or an observable market price of the loan (if one exists). If we determine that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment of the loan, we either recognize an impairment reserve as a Specific Allowance to be provided for in the allowance for credit losses or charge-off the impaired balance if it is determined that such amount represents a confirmed loss. Loans determined to be impaired are excluded from the formula allowance so as not to double-count the loss exposure. The second phase is conducted by evaluating or segmenting the remainder of the loan portfolio into groups or pools of loans with similar characteristics. In this second phase, groups or pools of homogeneous loans are reviewed to determine a portfolio formula allowance. In the case of the portfolio formula allowance, homogeneous portfolios, such as small business loans, consumer loans, agricultural loans, and real estate loans, are aggregated or pooled in determining the appropriate allowance. The risk assessment process in this case emphasizes trends in the different portfolios for delinquency, loss, and other-behavioral characteristics of the subject portfolios. Included in this second phase is our considerations of qualitative factors, including, all known relevant internal and external factors that may affect the collectability of a loan. This includes our estimates of the amounts necessary for concentrations, economic uncertainties, the volatility of the market value of collateral, and other relevant factors. These qualitative factors are used to adjust the historical loan loss rates for each pool of loans to determine the probable credit losses inherent in the portfolio. The methodology is consistently applied across all the portfolio segments taking into account the applicable historical loss rates and the qualitative factors applicable to each pool of loans. There have been no significant changes to the methodology or policies in the periods presented, except for one new factor added to the allowance for credit losses methodology during the quarter ended December 31, 2011. As part of the qualitative analysis, this new factor is used to adjust the historical loan loss rates to include an adjustment for indicated volatility in the value of various types of real estate collateral in our market area. Management believes that the ALLL was appropriate at December 31, 2011. No assurance can be given that economic conditions which adversely affect our service areas or other circumstances will not be reflected in increased provisions for credit losses in the future.
The following table presents the balance and activity in the allowance for credit losses; and the recorded investment in held-for-investment loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:
Past Due and Non-Performing Loans We manage asset quality and control credit risk through diversification of the non-covered loan portfolio and the application of policies designed to promote sound underwriting and loan monitoring practices. The Bank’s Credit Management Division is in charge of monitoring asset quality, establishing credit policies and procedures and enforcing the consistent application of these policies and procedures across the Bank. Reviews of non-performing, past due non-covered loans and larger credits, designed to identify potential charges to the allowance for credit losses, and to determine the adequacy of the allowance, are conducted on an ongoing basis. These reviews consider such factors as the financial strength of borrowers and any guarantors, the value of the applicable collateral, loan loss experience, estimated loan losses, growth in the loan portfolio, prevailing economic conditions and other factors. Loans are reported as a troubled debt restructuring when the Bank grants a concession(s) to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties that it would not otherwise consider. Examples of such concessions include a reduction in the loan rate, deferral of principal or accrued interest, extending the payment due dates or loan maturity date(s), or providing a lower interest rate than would be normally available for new debt of similar risk. As a result of these concessions, restructured loans are classified as impaired. Impairment reserves on non-collateral dependent restructured loans are measured by comparing the present value of expected future cash flows on the restructured loans discounted at the interest rate of the original loan agreement to the loan’s carrying value. These impairment reserves are recognized as a specific component to be provided for in the allowance for loan and credit losses. Generally, when loans are identified as impaired they are moved to our Special Assets Division. When we identify a loan as impaired, we measure the loan for potential impairment using discounted cash flows, except when the sole remaining source of the repayment for the loan is the liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, we use the current fair value of collateral, less selling costs. The starting point for determining the fair value of collateral is through obtaining external appraisals. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when the loan becomes 90 days past due based on the contractual term of the loan, or when the full collection of principal and interest is in doubt. When an asset is placed on nonaccrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed against income. Subsequent collections of cash are applied as reductions to the principal balance unless the loan is returned to accrual status. Nonaccrual loans may be restored to accrual status when principal and interest become current and full payment of principal and interest is expected. Had nonaccrual loans for which interest was no longer accruing complied with the original terms and conditions of their notes, interest income would have been $3.5 million, $5.2 million and $4.1 million greater for 2011, 20010 and 2009, respectively. Speculative construction loans are generally for properties where there is not an identified buyer or renter.
The following table presents the recorded investment in non-covered past due and nonaccrual loans and loans past due by class of loans as of December 31, 2011 and 2010: Non-Covered Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans As of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 (Dollars in Thousands)
At December 31, 2011, the Company had non-covered impaired loans of $101.2 million. Of this amount, $920,000 consisted of nonaccrual residential construction and land loans, $12.4 million in nonaccrual commercial construction loans, $17.0 million of nonaccrual single family mortgage loans, $26.0 million of nonaccrual commercial real estate loans, $3.5 million of nonaccrual commercial and industrial loans, $2.5 million of nonaccrual dairy and livestock loans and $478,000 of nonaccrual consumer loans. Non-covered impaired loans also include $62.4 million of loans whose terms were modified in a troubled debt restructure, of which $23.8 million are classified as nonaccrual. The remaining balance of $38.6 million consists of 16 loans performing according to the restructured terms. These impaired loans had specific allowance of $3.0 million at December 31, 2011. At December 31, 2010, the Company had classified as impaired, non-covered loans with a balance of $170.3 million with a related allowance of $4.1 million. The following table presents held-for-investment and held-for-sale loans, individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans, as of December 31, 2011 and 2010: Non-Covered Impaired Loans As of December 31, 2011 and 2010 (Dollars in Thousands)
The Company recognizes the charge-off of impairment allowance on impaired loans in the period it arises for collateral dependent loans. Therefore, the majority of the nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 have already been written-down to their estimated net realizable value. The impaired loans with a related allowance recorded are on nonaccrual loans where a charge-off is not yet processed, on nonaccrual SFR loans where there is a potential modification in process, or on smaller balance non-collateral dependent loans. The allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure relates to commitments to extend credit, letters of credit and undisbursed funds on lines of credit. The Company evaluates credit risk associated with the loan and lease portfolio at the same time it evaluates credit risk associated with the off-balance sheet commitments. As of December 31, 2011, the balance in this reserve was $9.6 million compared to a balance of $10.5 million as of December 31, 2010. As a result of adopting the amendments in ASU 2011-02, the Company reassessed all restructurings that occurred on or after the beginning of the current fiscal year (January 1, 2011) for identification as troubled debt restructurings. Loans that are reported as TDRs are considered impaired and charged off on an individual loan basis, as deemed appropriate. The majority of restructured loans during 2011 are loans for which the terms of repayment have been renegotiated, resulting in a reduction in interest rate or deferral of principal. As of December 31, 2011, we had loans of $62.4 million classified as a troubled debt restructured, of which $23.8 million are non-performing and $38.6 million are performing. TDRs on accrual status are comprised of loans that were accruing at the time of restructuring or have demonstrated repayment performance in compliance with the restructured terms for a sustained period and for which the Company anticipates full repayment of both principal and interest. TDRs on accrual status at December 31, 2011 were mainly comprised of commercial real estate loans including construction loans. As of December 31, 2011, there were no loans for which the allowance for credit losses was previously measured under a general allowance for credit losses methodology and are now impaired as a result of adopting the amendments in ASU 2011-02. The majority of TDRs have no specific allowance allocated as any impairment amount is normally charged-off at the time a probable loss is determined. We have allocated $27,000 and zero specific allowance to TDRs as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
The following are the loans modified as troubled debt restructurings for the year ended December 31, 2011: Modifications (Dollars in thousands)
As of December 31, 2011, there were two dairy and livestock loans with a total outstanding balance of $886,000 and two commercial real estate loans with a total outstanding balance of $3.4 million modified as troubled debt restructurings within the previous 12 months that subsequently defaulted during the 12 months ended December 31, 2011. |