13.

Investments

The following is a summary of our investments and the related funding commitments (in millions):


	December 31, 2015				December 31,
			Funding		2014
	Assets		Commitments		Assets
Chem-Mod LLC	$	4.0	$	—	$	4.0
Chem-Mod International LLC		2.0		—		2.0
C-Quest Technology LLC and C-Quest Technologies International LLC		—		—		—
Clean-coal investments:
Controlling interest in five limited liability companies that own fourteen 2009 Era Clean Coal Plants		13.9		—		17.3
Non-controlling interest in one limited liability companies that owns one 2011 Era Clean Coal Plants		0.8		—		1.0
Controlling interest in fifteen limited liability companies that own nineteen 2011 Era Clean Coal Plants		60.3		2.2		54.5
Other investments		2.6		2.9		3.2

Total investments	$	83.6	$	5.1	$	82.0

Chem-Mod LLC - At December 31, 2015, we held a 46.5% controlling interest in Chem-Mod. Chem-Mod possesses the exclusive marketing rights, in the U.S. and Canada, for technologies used to reduce emissions created during the combustion of coal. The refined coal production plants discussed below, as well as those owned by other unrelated parties, license and use Chem-Mod’s proprietary technologies, The Chem-Mod™ Solution, in the production of refined coal. The Chem-Mod™ Solution uses a dual injection sorbent system to reduce mercury, sulfur dioxide and other emissions at coal-fired power plants.

We believe that the application of The Chem-Mod™ Solution qualifies for refined coal tax credits under IRC Section 45 when used with refined coal production plants placed in service by December 31, 2011 or 2009. Chem-Mod has been marketing its technologies principally to coal-fired power plants owned by utility companies, including those utilities that are operating with the IRC Section 45 refined coal production plants in which we hold an investment.

Chem-Mod is determined to be a variable interest entity (which we refer to as a VIE). We are the controlling manager of Chem-Mod and therefore consolidate its operations into our consolidated financial statements. At December 31, 2015, total assets and total liabilities of this VIE were $10.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively. At December 31, 2014, total assets and total liabilities of this VIE were $10.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively. For 2015, total revenues and expenses were $72.1 million and $3.0 million, respectively. For 2014, total revenues and expenses were $69.1 million and $3.0 million, respectively. We are under no obligation to fund Chem-Mod’s operations in the future.

Chem-Mod International LLC - At December 31, 2015, we held a 31.5% non-controlling ownership interest in Chem-Mod International. Chem-Mod International has the rights to market The Chem-Mod™ Solution in countries other than the U.S. and Canada. Such marketing activity has been limited to date.

C-Quest Technology LLC and C-Quest Technologies International LLC (together, C-Quest) - At December 31, 2015, we held a non-controlling 12% interest in C-Quest’s global entities, which is an increase of 4% resulting from the transaction described below. C-Quest possesses rights, information and technology for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions created by burning fossil fuels. Thus far, C-Quest’s operations have been limited to laboratory testing. C-Quest is determined to be a VIE, but due to our lack of control over the operation of C-Quest, we do not consolidate this investment into our consolidated financial statements. Prior to August 1, 2013, we had an option to acquire an additional 19% interest in C-Quest’s global entities for $9.5 million at any time on or prior to August 1, 2016. On August 1, 2013, we loaned the majority owner $2.0 million at a 2% interest rate, which was to mature on May 15, 2014. Also on August 1, 2013, the option to acquire the 19% interests was extended to August 15, 2016. The loan was to be repaid in cash or by delivery of an additional 4% ownership interest in C-Quest’s global entities. On March 31, 2014, we accepted payment of the loan by delivery of the additional 4% ownership interest, therefore our remaining option was reduced to 15% and the remaining purchase price was reduced to $7.5 million.

Clean Coal Investments -

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We have investments in limited liability companies that own 34 refined coal production plants which produce refined coal using proprietary technologies owned by Chem-Mod. We believe the production and sale of refined coal at these plants is qualified to receive refined coal tax credits under IRC Section 45. The fourteen plants placed in service prior to December 31, 2009 (which we refer to as the 2009 Era Plants) are eligible to receive tax credits through 2019 and the twenty plants placed in service prior to December 31, 2011 (which we refer to as the 2011 Era Plants) are eligible to receive tax credits through 2021.

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On March 1, 2013, we purchased an additional ownership interest in twelve of the 2009 Era Plants from a co-investor. For nine of the plants, our ownership increased from 24.5% to 49.5%. Our investment in these nine plants had been accounted for under the equity method of accounting until the March 1, 2014 transaction described below. For the other three of the plants, our ownership increased from 25.0% to 60.0%. Our investment in these plants had been accounted for under the equity method of accounting. As of March 1, 2013, we consolidated the operations of the limited liability company that owns these three plants. For 2015, total revenues and expenses recorded in our consolidated statement of earnings related to this acquisition were $233.6 million and $239.5 million (net of noncontrolling interests), respectively. For 2014, total revenues and expenses recorded in our consolidated statement of earnings related to this acquisition were $260.9 million and $264.3 million, respectively. For 2013, total revenues and expenses recorded in our consolidated statement of earnings related to this acquisition were $128.3 million and $133.5 million, respectively.

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Our purchase price for the additional ownership interests in these twelve plants was the assumption of the promissory note that we received as consideration for the co-investor’s purchase of ownership interests in three of the 2009 Era Plants on March 1, 2010, which had a carrying value, including accrued interest, of $8.0 million at March 1, 2013, plus the payment of cash and other consideration of $5.0 million. We recognized a gain of $11.4 million as a component of other net revenues in the accompanying consolidated statement of earnings, which included the increase in fair value of our prior 25% equity interest in the limited liability company upon the acquisition of the additional 35% equity interest, and recorded $26.3 million of fixed and other amortizable intangible assets and $6.8 million of other assets in connection with this transaction. The carrying value of our prior non-controlling interest in the limited liability company was $4.8 million as of the acquisition date. The fair value of our prior non-controlling interest in the limited liability company was determined by allocating, on a pro rata basis, the fair value of the limited liability company as adjusted for our lack of control in our prior ownership position. We determined the fair value of the limited liability company using similar valuation techniques to those discussed in Note 3 to these consolidated financial statements.

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On September 1, 2013, we purchased a 99% interest in a limited liability company that has ownership interests in four limited liability companies that own five 2011 Era Plants. The purchase price was $4.0 million in cash plus a $10.0 million note with 3% interest due in installments through December 19, 2021. Total revenues and expenses recorded in our consolidated statement of earnings, for 2015 related to the acquisition, were $84.8 million and $93.6 million, respectively. Total revenues and expenses recorded in our consolidated statement of earnings, for 2014 related to the acquisition, were $84.0 million and $93.0 million, respectively. Total revenues and expenses recorded in our consolidated statement of earnings, for 2013 related to the acquisition, were $33.7 million and $36.9 million, respectively

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On March 1, 2014, we purchased additional ownership interests from a co-investor in four limited liability companies that own seven 2009 Era Plants and five 2011 Era Plants. We recognized a gain of $25.6 million as a component of other net revenues in the accompanying consolidated statement of earnings, which included the increase in fair value of our prior equity interests in the limited liability companies upon the acquisition of the additional equity interests, and recorded $26.3 million of fixed and other amortizable intangible assets in connection with this transaction. The carrying value of our prior non-controlling interest in the limited liability company was $15.6 million as of the acquisition date. The fair value of our prior non-controlling interest in the limited liability company was determined by allocating, on a pro rata basis, the fair value of the limited liability company as adjusted for our lack of control in our prior ownership position. We determined the fair value of the limited liability company using similar valuation techniques to those discussed in Note 3 to these consolidated financial statements. For seven of the 2009 Era Plants, our ownership increased from 49.5% to 100%. For the 2011 Era plants, our ownership increased from 48.8% to 90.0% for one of the plants, from 49.0% to 100.0% for three of the plants and from 98.0% to 100.0% for one of the plants. Our investments in the plants where our ownership was less than 50% had been accounted for under the equity method of accounting. As of March 1, 2014 we consolidated the operations of the limited liability companies that own these plants. Total revenues and expenses recorded in our consolidated statement of earnings, for 2015 related to the acquisition, were $452.7 million and $482.8 million, respectively. Total revenues and expenses recorded in our consolidated statement of earnings, for 2014 related to the acquisition, were $381.6 million and $405.7 million, respectively.

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As of December 31, 2015:

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Twenty-nine of the plants have long-term production contracts.

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The remaining five plants are in various stages of seeking and negotiating long-term production contracts.

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We have a non-controlling interest in one plant, which is owned by a limited liability company (which we refer to as a LLC). We have determined that this LLC is a VIE, for which we are not the primary beneficiary. At December 31, 2015, total assets and total liabilities of this VIE were $7.8 million and $5.2 million, respectively. For 2015, total revenues and expenses of this VIE were $36.9 million and $45.3 million, respectively.

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We and our co-investors each fund our portion of the on-going operations of the limited liability companies in proportion to our investment ownership percentages. Other than our portion of the on-going operational funding, there are no additional amounts that we are committed to related to funding these investments.

Other Investments - At December 31, 2015, we owned a non-controlling, minority interest in four venture capital funds totaling $2.1 million, a 20% non-controlling interest in an investment management company totaling $0.5 million, twelve certified low-income housing developments with zero carrying value and two real estate entities with zero carrying value. The low-income housing developments and real estate entities have been determined to be VIEs, but are not required to be consolidated due to our lack of control over their respective operations. At December 31, 2015, total assets and total liabilities of these VIEs were approximately $60.0 million and $20.0 million, respectively.