Revenue

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

RevenueThe Company’s revenues are comprised of product and service sales, including products and services provided under long-term agreements with its customers. All revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligations under the contract, either implicit or explicit, by transferring the promised product or rendering a service to its customer either when or as its customer obtains control of the product or as the service is rendered. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct

product or render a specific service to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer products or render services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, not distinct. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or providing services. Revenue is recorded net of returns, allowances, customer discounts, and incentives. Sales, value added, and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net (excluded from revenues) basis. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of goods sold.

The Company’s performance obligations under long-term agreements with its customers are generally satisfied over time. Over time revenue is primarily comprised of transit infrastructure projects within the Rail segment, precast concrete buildings within the Precast Concrete Products segment, and long-term bridge projects within the Fabricated Steel Products division and custom precision metering systems within the Coatings and Measurement division in the Steel Products and Measurement segment. Revenue from products or services provided to customers over time accounted for 29.9% and 29.4% of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Revenue under these long-term agreements is generally recognized over time either using an input measure based upon the proportion of actual costs incurred to estimated total project costs or an input measure based upon actual labor costs as a percentage of estimated total labor costs, depending upon which measure the Company believes best depicts the Company’s performance to date under the terms of the contract. Revenue recognized over time using an input measure was $100,787 and $101,160 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. A certain portion of the Company’s revenue recognized over time under these long-term agreements is recognized using an output method, specifically units delivered, based upon certain customer acceptance and delivery requirements. Revenue recognized over time using an output measure was $52,844 and $44,860 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had contract assets of $36,179 and $37,843, respectively, within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had contract liabilities of $3,235 and $1,324, respectively, that were recorded in “Deferred revenue” within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Accounting for these long-term agreements involves the use of various techniques to estimate total revenues and costs. The Company estimates profit on these long-term agreements as the difference between total estimated revenues and expected costs to complete a contract and recognizes that profit over the life of the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that may span several years. These assumptions include, among other things, labor productivity, cost and availability of materials, and timing of funding by customers. The nature of these long-term agreements may give rise to several types of variable consideration, such as claims, awards, and incentive fees. Historically, these amounts of variable consideration have not been considered significant. Contract estimates may include additional revenue for submitted contract modifications if there exists an enforceable right to the modification, the amount can be reasonably estimated, and its realization is probable. These estimates are based on historical collection experience, anticipated performance, and the Company’s best judgment at that time. These amounts are generally included in the contract’s transaction price and are allocated over the remaining performance obligations. Changes in judgments related to the estimates above could impact the timing and amount of revenue recognized and, accordingly, the timing and amount of associated income. In the event that a contract loss becomes known, the entire amount of the estimated loss is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

In accordance with adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company evaluated and revised its policies relating to the allowance for credit losses as they pertain to contract assets. as these balances will ultimately flow to the Company's accounts receivable. In addition to contract-specific provisions for which reserves were historically established as a result of the Company’s contract review process, management also elected to implement a standard credit loss provision over any remaining contract assets considered to have a similar low risk of credit loss.The development of these estimates is based on historic collection trends, accuracy of estimates within contract margin reporting, as well as the expectation that collection patterns, margin reporting, and bad debt expense will continue to adhere to patterns observed in recent years. These expectations were formed based on trends observed as well as current and expected future conditions. Management monitors and reviews the contributing factors to the Company’s reserve, and makes any appropriate revisions as they become necessary.

The majority of the Company’s revenue is from products transferred and services rendered to customers at a point in time, which is inherent in all major product and service categories. Point in time revenue accounted for 70.1% and 70.6%, of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recognizes revenue at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the product or service, which is generally when product title passes to the customer upon shipment or the service has been rendered to the customer. In limited cases, title does not transfer upon shipment and revenue is not recognized until the customer has received the products at a designated physical location.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, net sales by the timing of the transfer of goods and services were as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 2021	Rail, Technologies, and Services		Precast Concrete Products		Steel Products and Measurement		Total
Point in time	$	232,880	$	21,351	$	105,758	$	359,989
Over time	66,869		49,639		37,123		153,631
Total net sales	$	299,749	$	70,990	$	142,881	$	513,620
Year Ended December 31, 2020	Rail, Technologies, and Services		Precast Concrete Products		Steel Products and Measurement		Total
Point in time	$	212,212	$	20,443	$	118,736	$	351,391
Over time	64,235		42,871		38,914		146,020
Total net sales	$	276,447	$	63,314	$	157,650	$	497,411

See Note 2 for additional information for the Company’s net sales by major product and service category.

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed receivables, costs in excess of billings (contract assets), and billings in excess of costs (contract liabilities, included in “Deferred revenue”) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Significant changes in contract assets during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 included transfers to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period of $24,501 and $27,126, respectively. Significant changes in contract liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 included increases of $3,245 and $803, respectively, due to billings in excess of costs, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period. Contract liabilities were reduced due to revenue recognized during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 of $917 and $3,784, respectively, which were included in the contract liabilities at the beginning of each period.

Deferred revenue of $13,411 and $7,144 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, consisted of customer billings or payments received for which the revenue recognition criteria had not yet been met as well as contract liabilities (billings in excess of costs) on over time revenue projects. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, contract liabilities, recorded within “Deferred revenue,” was $3,235 and $1,324, respectively. Advanced payments from customers typically relate to contracts with respect to which the Company has significantly fulfilled its obligations, but due to the Company’s continuing involvement with the project, revenue is not recognized until title, ownership, and risk of loss have passed to the customer.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $210,189 of remaining performance obligations, which is also referred to as backlog. Approximately 10.3% of the backlog as of December 31, 2021 was related to projects that are anticipated to extend beyond December 31, 2022.