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Revenue
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue RevenueRevenue from products or services provided to customers over time accounted for 24.4% and 24.2% of revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 24.9% and 25.7% of revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Revenue under these long-term agreements is generally recognized over time either using an input measure based upon the proportion of actual costs incurred to estimated total project costs or an input measure based upon actual labor costs as a percentage of estimated total labor costs, depending upon which measure the Company believes best depicts the Company’s performance to date under the terms of the contract. Revenue recognized over time using an input measure was $24,858 and $34,984 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $49,290 and $66,821 for the six months ended June 30, 2020
and 2019, respectively. A certain portion of the Company’s revenue recognized over time under these long-term agreements is recognized using an output method, specifically units delivered, based upon certain customer acceptance and delivery requirements. Revenue recognized over time using an output measure was $10,688 and $13,611 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $19,033 and $23,522 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had contract assets of $33,606 and $37,032, respectively, that were recorded in “Inventories - net” within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had contract liabilities of $4,967 and $4,472, respectively, that were recorded in “Deferred revenue” within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The majority of the Company’s revenue is from products transferred and services rendered to customers at a point in time. Point in time revenue accounted for 75.6% and 75.8% of revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 75.1% and 74.3% of revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company recognizes revenue at the point in time at which the customer obtains control of the product or service, which is generally when the product title passes to the customer upon shipment or the service has been rendered to the customer. In limited cases, title does not transfer and revenue is not recognized until the customer has received the products at a physical location.

The following table summarizes the Company's net sales by major product and service category:
Three Months Ended
June 30,		Six Months Ended
June 30,
2020201920202019
Rail Products$52,206  $67,990  $95,768  $114,196  
Rail Technologies22,733  33,411  49,375  62,899  
Rail Products and Services74,939  101,401  145,143  177,095  
Piling and Fabricated Bridge25,580  37,588  43,971  61,320  
Precast Concrete Products16,428  17,818  27,071  31,431  
Construction Products42,008  55,406  71,042  92,751  
Test, Inspection, and Threading Services8,673  13,804  18,377  28,528  
Protective Coatings and Measurement Systems20,146  30,322  39,979  53,028  
Tubular and Energy Services28,819  44,126  58,356  81,556  
Total net sales$145,766  $200,933  $274,541  $351,402  

Net sales by the timing of the transfer of products and services was as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
Rail Products and
Services		Construction
Products		Tubular and Energy
Services		Total
Point in time$61,275  $28,148  $20,797  $110,220  
Over time13,664  13,860  8,022  35,546  
Total net sales$74,939  $42,008  $28,819  $145,766  
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Rail Products and
Services		Construction
Products		Tubular and Energy
Services		Total
Point in time$80,701  $38,095  $33,542  $152,338  
Over time20,700  17,311  10,584  48,595  
Total net sales$101,401  $55,406  $44,126  $200,933  
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Rail Products and
Services		Construction
Products		Tubular and Energy
Services		Total
Point in time$116,163  $45,031  $45,024  $206,218  
Over time28,980  26,011  13,332  68,323  
Total net sales$145,143  $71,042  $58,356  $274,541  
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Rail Products and
Services		Construction
Products		Tubular and Energy
Services		Total
Point in time$137,193  $61,190  $62,676  $261,059  
Over time39,902  31,561  18,880  90,343  
Total net sales$177,095  $92,751  $81,556  $351,402  

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed receivables, costs in excess of billings (contract assets, included in “Inventories - net”), and billings in excess of costs (contract liabilities, included in “Deferred revenue”) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Significant changes in contract assets during the six months ended June 30, 2020 resulted from transfers of $20,628 from the December 31, 2019 contract assets balance to receivables. Significant changes in contract liabilities during the six months ended June 30, 2020 resulted from increases of $2,751 due to billings in excess of costs, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period. Contract liabilities were reduced due to revenue recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 of $1,237 and $318, respectively, and reductions due to revenue recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 of $3,851 and $1,266, respectively, which were included in the contract liabilities at the beginning of each period.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company had approximately $225,897 of remaining performance obligations, which is also referred to as backlog. Approximately 11.9% of the June 30, 2020 backlog was related to projects that are anticipated to extend beyond June 30, 2021.