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Revenue
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue RevenueRevenue from products or services provided to customers over time accounted for 27.7% and 25.5% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Revenue under these long-term agreements is generally recognized over time either using an input measure based upon the proportion of actual costs incurred to estimated total project costs or an input measure based upon actual labor costs as a percentage of estimated total labor costs, depending upon which measure the Company believes best depicts the Company’s performance to date under the terms of the contract. Revenue recognized over time using an input measure was $31,837 and $24,561 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. A certain portion of the Company’s revenue recognized over time under these long-term agreements is recognized using an output method, specifically units delivered, based upon certain customer acceptance and delivery requirements. Revenue recognized over time using an output measure was $9,911 and $6,661 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had contract assets of $33,599 and $26,692, respectively, that were recorded in “Inventory” within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had contract liabilities of $3,720 and $1,505, respectively, that were recorded in “Deferred revenue” within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The majority of the Company’s revenue is from products transferred and services rendered to customers at a point in time. Point in time revenue accounted for 72.3% and 74.5% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company recognizes revenue at the point in time at which the customer obtains control of the product or service, which is generally when the product title passes to the customer upon shipment or the service has been rendered to the customer. In limited cases, title does not transfer and revenue is not recognized until the customer has received the products at its physical location.

The following table summarizes the Company's net sales by major product and service category:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
20192018
Rail Products$46,206 $36,034 
Rail Technologies29,488 26,136 
Rail Products and Services75,694 62,170 
Piling and Fabricated Bridge23,732 18,861 
Precast Concrete Products13,613 10,039 
Construction Products37,345 28,900 
Test, Inspection, and Threading Services14,724 14,213 
Protective Coatings and Measurement Systems22,706 17,171 
Tubular and Energy Services37,430 31,384 
Total net sales$150,469 $122,454 

Net sales by the timing of the transfer of goods and services is as follows:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Rail Products and
Services		Construction
Products		Tubular and Energy
Services		Total
Point in time$56,492 $23,095 $29,134 $108,721 
Over time19,202 14,250 8,296 41,748 
Total net sales$75,694 $37,345 $37,430 $150,469 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Rail Products and
Services		Construction
Products		Tubular and Energy
Services		Total
Point in time$45,871 $18,926 $26,435 $91,232 
Over time16,299 9,974 4,949 31,222 
Total net sales$62,170 $28,900 $31,384 $122,454 

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed receivables, costs in excess of billings (contract assets, included in “Inventory”), and billings in excess of costs (contract liabilities, included in “Deferred revenue”) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Significant changes in contract assets during the three months ended March 31, 2019 resulted from transfers to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period of $11,406. Significant changes in contract liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2019 resulted from increases of $3,384 due to billings in excess of costs, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period, and reductions due to revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 of $948 and $346, respectively, that was included in the contract liability at the beginning of each period.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had approximately $250,052 of remaining performance obligations, which is also referred to as backlog. Approximately 3.1% of the March 31, 2019 backlog was related to projects that are anticipated to extend beyond March 31, 2020.