EX-99.1 3 a12-10153_1ex99d1.htm EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

 

Revised items in 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K

 

Part II

 

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data

 

ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

5-YEAR SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

2008

 

2007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Consolidated operating results

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Premiums

$

624

 

$

592

 

$

581

 

$

585

 

$

502

 

 

Contract charges

 

1,008

 

 

991

 

 

952

 

 

911

 

 

942

 

 

Net investment income

 

2,637

 

 

2,760

 

 

2,974

 

 

3,720

 

 

4,205

 

 

Realized capital gains and losses

 

390

 

 

(513

)

 

(420

)

 

(3,052

)

 

(197

)

 

Total revenues

 

4,659

 

 

3,830

 

 

4,087

 

 

2,164

 

 

5,452

 

 

Net income (loss)

 

469

 

 

(40

)

 

(514

)

 

(1,549

)

 

405

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Consolidated financial position

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investments

$

56,277

 

$

59,442

 

$

60,217

 

$

59,772

 

$

72,414

 

 

Total assets

 

71,119

 

 

75,981

 

 

78,459

 

 

81,581

 

 

95,571

 

 

Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits and contractholder funds

 

55,335

 

 

59,178

 

 

63,106

 

 

69,036

 

 

73,062

 

 

Notes due to related parties

 

700

 

 

677

 

 

675

 

 

650

 

 

200

 

 

Shareholder’s equity

 

6,067

 

 

5,319

 

 

3,960

 

 

1,771

 

 

4,235

 

 

 

1


 


 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

 

Page

 

 

Overview

2

 

 

Application of Critical Accounting Estimates

2

 

 

2011 Highlights

9

 

 

Operations

9

 

 

Investments 2011 Highlights

18

 

 

Investments

18

 

 

Market Risk

32

 

 

Capital Resources and Liquidity

35

 

 

Regulation and Legal Proceedings

39

 

 

Pending Accounting Standards

39

 

OVERVIEW

 

The following discussion highlights significant factors influencing the consolidated financial position and results of operations of Allstate Life Insurance Company (referred to in this document as “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company” or “ALIC”).  It should be read in conjunction with the 5-year summary of selected financial data, consolidated financial statements and related notes found under Part II, Item 6 and Item 8 contained herein.  We operate as a single segment entity, based on the manner in which we use financial information to evaluate business performance and to determine the allocation of resources.

 

The most important factors we monitor to evaluate the financial condition and performance of our company include:

·

For operations: benefit and investment spread, amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”), expenses, operating income, net income, invested assets, and premiums and contract charges;

·

For investments: credit quality/experience, total return, investment income, cash flows, realized capital gains and losses, unrealized capital gains and losses, stability of long-term returns, and asset and liability duration; and

·

For financial condition: liquidity, financial strength ratings, operating leverage, capital position, and return on equity.

 

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to adopt accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements.  The most critical estimates include those used in determining:

 

·      Fair value of financial assets

·      Impairment of fixed income and equity securities

·      Deferred policy acquisition costs amortization

·      Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits estimation

 

In making these determinations, management makes subjective and complex judgments that frequently require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain.  Many of these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in the insurance and financial services industries; others are specific to our businesses and operations.  It is reasonably likely that changes in these estimates could occur from period to period and result in a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

A brief summary of each of these critical accounting estimates follows.  For a more detailed discussion of the effect of these estimates on our consolidated financial statements, and the judgments and assumptions related to these estimates, see the referenced sections of this document.  For a complete summary of our significant accounting policies, see the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

Fair value of financial assets  Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  We categorize

 

2



 

our financial assets measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy based on the observability of inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

 

Level 1:

Financial asset values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in an active market that we can access.

 

 

Level 2:

Financial asset values are based on the following:

 

(a)

Quoted prices for similar assets in active markets;

 

(b)

Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active; or

 

(c)

Valuation models whose inputs are observable, directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset.

 

 

 

Level 3:

Financial asset values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect our estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the financial assets.

 

Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in valuing financial assets that are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources.  In the absence of sufficient observable inputs, unobservable inputs reflect our estimates of the assumptions market participants would use in valuing financial assets and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.  The degree of management judgment involved in determining fair values is inversely related to the availability of market observable information.

 

We are responsible for the determination of fair value of financial assets and the supporting assumptions and methodologies.  We gain assurance on the overall reasonableness and consistent application of valuation input assumptions, valuation methodologies and compliance with accounting standards for fair value determination through the execution of various processes and controls designed to ensure that our financial assets are appropriately valued.  We monitor fair values received from third parties and those derived internally on an ongoing basis.

 

We employ independent third-party valuation service providers, broker quotes and internal pricing methods to determine fair values.  We obtain or calculate only one single quote or price for each financial instrument.

 

Valuation service providers typically obtain data about market transactions and other key valuation model inputs from multiple sources and, through the use of proprietary models, produce valuation information in the form of a single fair value for individual securities for which a fair value has been requested under the terms of our agreements.  For certain equity securities, valuation service providers provide market quotations for completed transactions on the measurement date.  For other security types, fair values are derived from the valuation service providers’ proprietary valuation models.  The inputs used by the valuation service providers include, but are not limited to, market prices from recently completed transactions and transactions of comparable securities, interest rate yield curves, credit spreads, liquidity spreads, currency rates, and other information, as applicable.  Credit and liquidity spreads are typically implied from completed transactions and transactions of comparable securities.  Valuation service providers also use proprietary discounted cash flow models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry and similar to those used by other market participants to value the same financial instruments.  The valuation models take into account, among other things, market observable information as of the measurement date, as described above, as well as the specific attributes of the security being valued including its term, interest rate, credit rating, industry sector, and where applicable, collateral quality and other issue or issuer specific information.  Executing valuation models effectively requires seasoned professional judgment and experience.  In cases where market transactions or other market observable data is limited, the extent to which judgment is applied varies inversely with the availability of market observable information.

 

For certain of our financial assets measured at fair value, where our valuation service providers cannot provide fair value determinations, we obtain a single non-binding price quote from a broker familiar with the security who, similar to our valuation service providers, may consider transactions or activity in similar securities among other information.  The brokers providing price quotes are generally from the brokerage divisions of leading financial institutions with market making, underwriting and distribution expertise regarding the security subject to valuation.

 

The fair value of certain financial assets, including privately placed corporate fixed income securities, auction rate securities (“ARS”) backed by student loans, equity-indexed notes, and certain free-standing derivatives, for which our valuation service providers or brokers do not provide fair value determinations, is determined using valuation methods and models widely accepted in the financial services industry.  Internally developed valuation models, which include inputs that may not be market observable and as such involve some degree of judgment, are considered appropriate for each class of security to which they are applied.

 

3



 

Our internal pricing methods are primarily based on models using discounted cash flow methodologies that develop a single best estimate of fair value.  Our models generally incorporate inputs that we believe are representative of inputs other market participants would use to determine fair value of the same instruments, including yield curves, quoted market prices of comparable securities, published credit spreads, and other applicable market data.  Additional inputs that are used include internally-derived assumptions such as liquidity premiums and credit ratings, as well as instrument-specific characteristics that include, but are not limited to, coupon rates, expected cash flows, sector of the issuer, and call provisions.  Our internally assigned credit ratings are developed at a more detailed level than externally published ratings and allow for a more precise match of these ratings to other market observable valuation inputs, such as credit and sector spreads, when performing these valuations.  Due to the existence of non-market observable inputs, such as liquidity premiums, judgment is required in developing these fair values.  As a result, the fair value of these financial assets may differ from the amount actually received to sell an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  Moreover, the use of different valuation assumptions may have a material effect on the financial assets’ fair values.

 

For the majority of our financial assets measured at fair value, all significant inputs are based on market observable data and significant management judgment does not affect the periodic determination of fair value.  The determination of fair value using discounted cash flow models involves management judgment when significant model inputs are not based on market observable data.  However, where market observable data is available, it takes precedence, and as a result, no range of reasonably likely inputs exists from which the basis of a sensitivity analysis could be constructed.

 

There is one primary situation where a discounted cash flow model utilizes a significant input that is not market observable, and it relates to the determination of fair value for our ARS backed by student loans.  The significant input utilized is the anticipated date liquidity will return to this market (that is, when auction failures will cease).  Determination of this assumption allows for matching to market observable inputs when performing these valuations.

 

The following table displays the sensitivity of reasonably likely changes in the anticipated date liquidity will return to the student loan ARS market as of December 31, 2011.  The selection of these hypothetical scenarios represents an illustration of the estimated potential proportional effect of alternate assumptions and should not be construed as either a prediction of future events or an indication that it would be reasonably likely that all securities would be similarly affected.

 

($ in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ARS backed by student loans at fair value

 

$

306

 

 

 

 

 

 

Percentage change in fair value resulting from:

 

 

 

Decrease in the anticipated date liquidity will return to this market by six months

 

1.3

%

Increase in the anticipated date liquidity will return to this market by six months

 

(1.3

)%

 

We believe our most significant exposure to changes in fair value is due to market risk.  Our exposure to changes in market conditions is discussed fully in the Market Risk section of the MD&A.

 

We employ specific control processes to determine the reasonableness of the fair value of our financial assets.  Our processes are designed to ensure that the values received or internally estimated are accurately recorded and that the data inputs and the valuation techniques utilized are appropriate, consistently applied, and that the assumptions are reasonable and consistent with the objective of determining fair value.  For example, on a continuing basis, we assess the reasonableness of individual security values that have stale prices or that exceed certain thresholds as compared to previous values received from those valuation service providers or derived from internal models.  We perform procedures to understand and assess the methodologies, processes and controls of our valuation service providers.  In addition, we may validate the reasonableness of fair value by comparing information obtained from our valuation service providers to other third party valuation sources for selected securities.  We perform ongoing price validation procedures such as back-testing of actual sales, which corroborate the various inputs used in internal pricing models to market observable data.  When fair value determinations are expected to be more variable, we validate them through reviews by members of management who have relevant expertise and who are independent of those charged with executing investment transactions.

 

We also perform an analysis to determine whether there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset when compared to normal market activity, and if so, whether transactions may not be

 

4



 

orderly.  Among the indicators we consider in determining whether a significant decrease in the volume and level of market activity for a specific asset has occurred include the level of new issuances in the primary market, trading volume in the secondary market, level of credit spreads over historical levels, bid-ask spread, and price consensuses among market participants and sources.  If evidence indicates that prices are based on transactions that are not orderly, we place little, if any, weight on the transaction price and will estimate fair value using an internal pricing model.  As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, we did not alter fair values provided by our valuation service providers or brokers or substitute them with an internal pricing model for such securities.

 

The following table identifies fixed income and equity securities and short-term investments as of December 31, 2011 by source of fair value determination:

 

 ($ in millions)

 

Fair
value

 

Percent
to total

Fair value based on internal sources

$

6,497  

 

14.1%  

Fair value based on external sources (1)

 

39,703  

 

85.9     

Total

$

46,200  

 

100.0%  

 

 

 

(1) Includes $3.15 billion that are valued using broker quotes.

 

For more detailed information on our accounting policy for the fair value of financial assets and the financial assets by level in the fair value hierarchy, see Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements.

 

Impairment of fixed income and equity securities  For investments classified as available for sale, the difference between fair value and amortized cost for fixed income securities and cost for equity securities, net of certain other items and deferred income taxes (as disclosed in Note 5), is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and is not reflected in the operating results of any period until reclassified to net income upon the consummation of a transaction with an unrelated third party or when a write-down is recorded due to an other-than-temporary decline in fair value.  We have a comprehensive portfolio monitoring process to identify and evaluate each fixed income and equity security whose carrying value may be other-than-temporarily impaired.

 

For each fixed income security in an unrealized loss position, we assess whether management with the appropriate authority has made the decision to sell or whether it is more likely than not we will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis for reasons such as liquidity, contractual or regulatory purposes.  If a security meets either of these criteria, the security’s decline in fair value is considered other than temporary and is recorded in earnings.

 

If we have not made the decision to sell the fixed income security and it is not more likely than not we will be required to sell the fixed income security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, we evaluate whether we expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security.  We use our best estimate of future cash flows expected to be collected from the fixed income security, discounted at the security’s original or current effective rate, as appropriate, to calculate a recovery value and determine whether a credit loss exists.  The determination of cash flow estimates is inherently subjective and methodologies may vary depending on facts and circumstances specific to the security.  All reasonably available information relevant to the collectability of the security, including past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable assumptions and forecasts, are considered when developing the estimate of cash flows expected to be collected.  That information generally includes, but is not limited to, the remaining payment terms of the security, prepayment speeds, foreign exchange rates, the financial condition and future earnings potential of the issue or issuer, expected defaults, expected recoveries, the value of underlying collateral, vintage, geographic concentration, available reserves or escrows, current subordination levels, third party guarantees and other credit enhancements.  Other information, such as industry analyst reports and forecasts, sector credit ratings, financial condition of the bond insurer for insured fixed income securities, and other market data relevant to the realizability of contractual cash flows, may also be considered.  The estimated fair value of collateral will be used to estimate recovery value if we determine that the security is dependent on the liquidation of collateral for ultimate settlement.  If the estimated recovery value is less than the amortized cost of the security, a credit loss exists and an other-than-temporary impairment for the difference between the estimated recovery value and amortized cost is recorded in earnings.  The portion of the unrealized loss related to factors other than credit remains classified in accumulated other comprehensive income.  If we determine that the fixed income security does not have sufficient cash flow or other information to estimate a recovery value for the security, we may conclude that the entire decline in fair value is deemed to be credit related and the loss is recorded in earnings.

 

5



 

There are a number of assumptions and estimates inherent in evaluating impairments of equity securities and determining if they are other than temporary, including: 1) our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery in value; 2) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost; 3) the financial condition, near-term and long-term prospects of the issue or issuer, including relevant industry specific market conditions and trends, geographic location and implications of rating agency actions and offering prices; and 4) the specific reasons that a security is in an unrealized loss position, including overall market conditions which could affect liquidity.

 

Once assumptions and estimates are made, any number of changes in facts and circumstances could cause us to subsequently determine that a fixed income or equity security is other-than-temporarily impaired, including: 1) general economic conditions that are worse than previously forecasted or that have a greater adverse effect on a particular issuer or industry sector than originally estimated; 2) changes in the facts and circumstances related to a particular issue or issuer’s ability to meet all of its contractual obligations; and 3) changes in facts and circumstances that result in changes to management’s intent to sell or result in our assessment that it is more likely than not we will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis of a fixed income security or causes a change in our ability or intent to hold an equity security until it recovers in value.  Changes in assumptions, facts and circumstances could result in additional charges to earnings in future periods to the extent that losses are realized.  The charge to earnings, while potentially significant to net income, would not have a significant effect on shareholder’s equity, since our securities are designated as available for sale and carried at fair value and as a result, any related unrealized loss, net of deferred income taxes and related DAC, deferred sales inducement costs (“DSI”) and reserves for life-contingent contract benefits, would already be reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholder’s equity.

 

The determination of the amount of other-than-temporary impairment is an inherently subjective process based on periodic evaluation of the factors described above.  Such evaluations and assessments are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available.  We update our evaluations regularly and reflect changes in other-than-temporary impairments in results of operations as such evaluations are revised.  The use of different methodologies and assumptions in the determination of the amount of other-than-temporary impairments may have a material effect on the amounts presented within the consolidated financial statements.

 

For additional detail on investment impairments, see Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements.

 

Deferred policy acquisition costs amortization  We incur significant costs in connection with acquiring insurance policies and investment contracts.  In accordance with GAAP, costs that are related directly to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance policies and investment contracts are deferred and recorded as an asset on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

 

DAC related to traditional life insurance is amortized over the premium paying period of the related policies in proportion to the estimated revenues on such business.  Significant assumptions relating to estimated premiums, investment returns, as well as mortality, persistency and expenses to administer the business are established at the time the policy is issued and are generally not revised during the life of the policy.  The assumptions for determining the timing and amount of DAC amortization are consistent with the assumptions used to calculate the reserve for life-contingent contract benefits.  Any deviations from projected business in force resulting from actual policy terminations differing from expected levels and any estimated premium deficiencies may result in a change to the rate of amortization in the period such events occur.  Generally, the amortization periods for these policies approximates the estimated lives of the policies.  The recovery of DAC is dependent upon the future profitability of the business.  We periodically review the adequacy of reserves and recoverability of DAC for these policies on an aggregate basis using actual experience.  We aggregate all traditional life insurance products and immediate annuities with life contingencies in the analysis.  In the event actual experience is significantly adverse compared to the original assumptions and a premium deficiency is determined to exist, any remaining unamortized DAC balance must be expensed to the extent not recoverable and a premium deficiency reserve may be required if the remaining DAC balance is insufficient to absorb the deficiency.  In 2011, 2010 and 2009, our reviews concluded that no premium deficiency adjustments were necessary, primarily due to projected profit from traditional life insurance more than offsetting the projected losses in immediate annuities with life contingencies.

 

DAC related to interest-sensitive life, fixed annuities and other investment contracts is amortized in proportion to the incidence of the total present value of gross profits, which includes both actual historical gross profits (“AGP”) and estimated future gross profits (“EGP”) expected to be earned over the estimated lives of the contracts.  The amortization is net of interest on the prior period DAC balance using rates established at the inception of the contracts.  Actual amortization periods generally range from 15-30 years; however, incorporating estimates of the rate of customer surrenders, partial withdrawals and deaths generally results in the majority of the DAC being

 

6



 

amortized during the surrender charge period, which is typically 10-20 years for interest-sensitive life and 5-10 years for fixed annuities.  The cumulative DAC amortization is reestimated and adjusted by a cumulative charge or credit to income when there is a difference between the incidence of actual versus expected gross profits in a reporting period or when there is a change in total EGP.

 

AGP and EGP primarily consist of the following components: contract charges for the cost of insurance less mortality costs and other benefits (benefit margin);  investment income and realized capital gains and losses less interest credited (investment margin); and surrender and other contract charges less maintenance expenses (expense margin).  The principal assumptions for determining the amount of EGP are investment returns, including capital gains and losses on assets supporting contract liabilities, interest crediting rates to contractholders, and the effects of persistency, mortality, expenses, and hedges if applicable, and these assumptions are reasonably likely to have the greatest impact on the amount of DAC amortization.  Changes in these assumptions can be offsetting and we are unable to reasonably predict their future movements or offsetting impacts over time.

 

Each reporting period, DAC amortization is recognized in proportion to AGP for that period adjusted for interest on the prior period DAC balance.  This amortization process includes an assessment of AGP compared to EGP, the actual amount of business remaining in force and realized capital gains and losses on investments supporting the product liability.  The impact of realized capital gains and losses on amortization of DAC depends upon which product liability is supported by the assets that give rise to the gain or loss.  If the AGP is greater than EGP in the period, but the total EGP is unchanged, the amount of DAC amortization will generally increase, resulting in a current period decrease to earnings.  The opposite result generally occurs when the AGP is less than the EGP in the period, but the total EGP is unchanged.  However, when DAC amortization or a component of gross profits for a quarterly period is potentially negative (which would result in an increase of the DAC balance) as a result of negative AGP, the specific facts and circumstances surrounding the potential negative amortization are considered to determine whether it is appropriate for recognition in the consolidated financial statements.  Negative amortization is only recorded when the increased DAC balance is determined to be recoverable based on facts and circumstances.  Negative amortization was not recorded for certain fixed annuities during 2011, 2010 and 2009 periods in which significant capital losses were realized on their related investment portfolio.  For products whose supporting investments are exposed to capital losses in excess of our expectations which may cause periodic AGP to become temporarily negative, EGP and AGP utilized in DAC amortization may be modified to exclude the excess credit losses.

 

Annually, we review and update all assumptions underlying the projections of EGP, including investment returns, comprising investment income and realized capital gains and losses, interest crediting rates, persistency, mortality, expenses and the effect of any hedges.  At each reporting period, we assess whether any revisions to assumptions used to determine DAC amortization are required.  These reviews and updates may result in amortization acceleration or deceleration, which are commonly referred to as “DAC unlocking”.  If the update of assumptions causes total EGP to increase, the rate of DAC amortization will generally decrease, resulting in a current period increase to earnings.  A decrease to earnings generally occurs when the assumption update causes the total EGP to decrease.

 

Over the past three years, our most significant DAC assumption updates that resulted in a change to EGP and the amortization of DAC have been revisions to expected future investment returns, primarily realized capital losses, mortality, expenses and the number of contracts in force or persistency.  The following table provides the effect on DAC amortization of changes in assumptions relating to the gross profit components of investment margin, benefit margin and expense margin during the years ended December 31.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Investment margin

$  

(3

)

$  

(9

)

$  

389

 

 

Benefit margin

 

(6

)

 

22

 

 

(125

)

 

Expense margin

 

18

 

 

(30

)

 

9

 

 

Net acceleration (deceleration)

$  

9

 

$  

(17

)

$  

273

 

 

 

In 2011, DAC amortization deceleration related to changes in the investment margin component of EGP primarily related to equity-indexed annuities and was due to an increase in projected investment margins.  The deceleration related to benefit margin was primarily due to increased projected persistency on interest-sensitive life insurance.  The acceleration related to expense margin primarily related to interest-sensitive life insurance and was due to an increase in projected expenses.  In 2010, DAC amortization deceleration related to changes in the investment margin component of EGP primarily related to interest-sensitive life insurance and was due to higher than previously projected investment income and lower interest credited, partially offset by higher projected realized capital losses.  The acceleration related to benefit margin was primarily due to lower projected renewal premium

 

7



 

(which is also expected to reduce persistency) on interest-sensitive life insurance, partially offset by higher than previously projected revenues associated with variable life insurance due to appreciation in the underlying separate account valuations.  The deceleration related to expense margin resulted from current and expected expense levels lower than previously projected.  DAC amortization acceleration related to changes in the investment margin component of EGP in the first quarter of 2009 was primarily due to an increase in the level of expected realized capital losses in 2009 and 2010.  The deceleration related to benefit margin was due to more favorable projected life insurance mortality.  The acceleration related to expense margin resulted from current and expected expense levels higher than previously projected.

 

The following table displays the sensitivity of reasonably likely changes in assumptions included in the gross profit components of investment margin or benefit margin to amortization of the DAC balance as of December 31, 2011.

 

($ in millions)

 

Increase/(reduction) in DAC

 

Increase in future investment margins of 25 basis points

$

62

 

 

Decrease in future investment margins of 25 basis points

$

(71

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Decrease in future life mortality by 1%

$

17

 

 

Increase in future life mortality by 1%

$

(20

)

 

 

Any potential changes in assumptions discussed above are measured without consideration of correlation among assumptions.  Therefore, it would be inappropriate to add them together in an attempt to estimate overall variability in amortization.

 

For additional detail related to DAC, see the Operations section of this document.

 

Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits estimation  Due to the long term nature of traditional life insurance, life-contingent immediate annuities and voluntary accident and health products, benefits are payable over many years; accordingly, the reserves are calculated as the present value of future expected benefits to be paid, reduced by the present value of future expected net premiums.  Long-term actuarial assumptions of future investment yields, mortality, morbidity, policy terminations and expenses are used when establishing the reserve for life-contingent contract benefits payable under these insurance policies.  These assumptions, which for traditional life insurance are applied using the net level premium method, include provisions for adverse deviation and generally vary by characteristics such as type of coverage, year of issue and policy duration.  Future investment yield assumptions are determined based upon prevailing investment yields as well as estimated reinvestment yields.  Mortality, morbidity and policy termination assumptions are based on our experience and industry experience.  Expense assumptions include the estimated effects of inflation and expenses to be incurred beyond the premium-paying period.  These assumptions are established at the time the policy is issued, are consistent with assumptions for determining DAC amortization for these policies, and are generally not changed during the policy coverage period.  However, if actual experience emerges in a manner that is significantly adverse relative to the original assumptions, adjustments to DAC or reserves may be required resulting in a charge to earnings which could have a material effect on our operating results and financial condition.  We periodically review the adequacy of reserves and recoverability of DAC for these policies on an aggregate basis using actual experience.  In the event actual experience is significantly adverse compared to the original assumptions and a premium deficiency is determined to exist, any remaining unamortized DAC balance must be expensed to the extent not recoverable and the establishment of a premium deficiency reserve may be required.  In 2011, 2010 and 2009, our reviews concluded that no premium deficiency adjustments were necessary, primarily due to profit from traditional life insurance more than offsetting the projected losses in immediate annuities with life contingencies.  We will continue to monitor the experience of our traditional life insurance and immediate annuities.  We anticipate that mortality, investment and reinvestment yields, and policy terminations are the factors that would be most likely to require premium deficiency adjustments to these reserves or related DAC.

 

For further detail on the reserve for life-contingent contract benefits, see Note 8 of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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2011 HIGHLIGHTS

 

·

Net income was $469 million in 2011 compared to a net loss of $40 million in 2010.

·

Premiums and contract charges on underwritten products, including traditional life, interest-sensitive life and accident and health insurance, totaled $1.49 billion in 2011, an increase of 3.2% from $1.45 billion in 2010.

·

Net realized capital gains totaled $390 million in 2011 compared to net realized capital losses of $513 million in 2010.

·

Investments totaled $56.28 billion as of December 31, 2011, reflecting a decrease in carrying value of $3.16 billion from $59.44 billion as of December 31, 2010. Net investment income decreased 4.5% to $2.64 billion in 2011 from $2.76 billion in 2010.

·

Contractholder funds totaled $41.67 billion as of December 31, 2011, reflecting a decrease of $4.79 billion from $46.46 billion as of December 31, 2010.

 

OPERATIONS

 

Overview and strategy  We are a major provider of life insurance, retirement and investment products.  We serve our customers through Allstate exclusive agencies and non-proprietary distribution channels.  Our strategic vision is to reinvent protection and retirement for the consumer and our purpose is to create financial value and to add strategic value to The Allstate Corporation (the “Corporation”).

 

To fulfill our purpose, our primary objectives are to deepen relationships with Allstate customers by adding financial services to their suite of products with Allstate and improve profitability by decreasing earnings volatility and increasing our returns.  We bring value to our ultimate parent, the Corporation, in three principal ways: through profitable growth, improving the economics of the Corporation’s property-liability insurance business through increased customer loyalty and renewal rates by cross selling our products to their customers, and by bringing new customers to Allstate.  We continue to shift our mix of products in force by decreasing spread based products, principally fixed annuities and institutional products, and through growth of underwritten products having mortality or morbidity risk, principally life insurance products.  In addition to focusing on higher return markets, products, and distribution channels, we continue to emphasize capital efficiency and enterprise risk and return management strategies and actions.

 

Our strategy provides a platform to profitably grow our business.  Based upon Allstate’s strong financial position and brand, we have a unique opportunity to cross-sell to our customers.  We will leverage trusted customer relationships through our Allstate exclusive agencies or direct marketing to serve those who are looking for assistance in meeting their protection and retirement needs by providing them with the information, products and services that they need.  Life insurance applications issued through Allstate agencies increased 33% in 2011 compared to 2010.

 

Our products include interest-sensitive, traditional and variable life insurance; fixed annuities such as deferred and immediate annuities; voluntary accident and health insurance; and funding agreements backing medium-term notes, which we most recently offered in 2008.  Our products are sold through multiple distribution channels including Allstate exclusive agencies and exclusive financial specialists, independent agents (including master brokerage agencies), specialized structured settlement brokers and directly through call centers and the internet.  Our institutional product line consists of funding agreements sold to unaffiliated trusts that use them to back medium-term notes issued to institutional and individual investors.

 

Outlook

 

·

We plan to continue to increase premiums and contract charges on underwritten insurance products and develop products our customers need for retirement income.

·

Our growth initiatives will be primarily focused on increasing the number of customers served through the Allstate proprietary channel.

·

We will continue to focus on improving returns and reducing our concentration in spread based products resulting in net reductions in contractholder funds obligations.

·

We expect lower investment spread due to reduced contractholder funds, the continuing low interest rate environment and changes in asset allocations. The amount by which the low interest rate environment will reduce our investment spread is contingent on our ability to maintain the portfolio yield and lower interest crediting rates on spread based products, which could be limited by market conditions, regulatory minimum rates or contractual minimum rate guarantees, and may not match the timing or magnitude of changes in asset yields. We also anticipate changing our asset allocation for long-term immediate annuities by reducing fixed income securities and increasing investments in limited partnerships, equities and other alternative investments.

 

9



 

This shift could result in lower and more volatile investment income; however, we anticipate that this strategy will lead to higher total returns and shareholder’s equity.

 

Summary analysis   Summarized financial data for the years ended December 31 is presented in the following table.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Revenues

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Premiums

624

 

592

 

581

 

 

Contract charges

 

1,008

 

 

991

 

 

952

 

 

Net investment income

 

2,637

 

 

2,760

 

 

2,974

 

 

Realized capital gains and losses

 

390

 

 

(513

)

 

(420

)

 

Total revenues

 

4,659

 

 

3,830

 

 

4,087

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Costs and expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contract benefits

 

(1,502

)

 

(1,496

)

 

(1,402

)

 

Interest credited to contractholder funds

 

(1,608

)

 

(1,764

)

 

(2,076

)

 

Amortization of DAC

 

(430

)

 

(220

)

 

(761

)

 

Operating costs and expenses

 

(394

)

 

(408

)

 

(405

)

 

Restructuring and related charges

 

(1

)

 

3

 

 

(24

)

 

Interest expense

 

(45

)

 

(44

)

 

(42

)

 

Total costs and expenses

 

(3,980

)

 

(3,929

)

 

(4,710

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gain on disposition of operations

 

15

 

 

14

 

 

15

 

 

Income tax (expense) benefit

 

(225

)

 

45

 

 

94

 

 

Net income (loss)

469

 

(40

)

(514

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investments as of December 31

56,277

 

59,442

 

60,217

 

 

 

Net income in 2011 was $469 million compared to a net loss of $40 million in 2010.  The improvement of $509 million was primarily due to net realized capital gains in the current year compared to net realized capital losses in the prior year, decreased interest credited to contractholder funds and higher premiums and contract charges, partially offset by higher amortization of DAC and lower net investment income.

 

Net loss in 2010 was $40 million compared to $514 million in 2009.  The improvement of $474 million was primarily due to lower amortization of DAC, decreased interest credited to contractholder funds and higher premiums and contract charges, partially offset by lower net investment income, higher contract benefits and increased net realized capital losses.

 

Analysis of revenues  Total revenues increased 21.6% or $829 million in 2011 compared to 2010 due to net realized capital gains in the current year compared to net realized capital losses in the prior year and higher premiums and contract charges, partially offset by lower net investment income.  Total revenues decreased 6.3% or $257 million in 2010 compared to 2009 due to lower net investment income and higher net realized capital losses, partially offset by higher premiums and contract charges.

 

Premiums represent revenues generated from traditional life insurance, immediate annuities with life contingencies, and accident and health insurance products that have significant mortality or morbidity risk.

 

Contract charges are revenues generated from interest-sensitive and variable life insurance and fixed annuities for which deposits are classified as contractholder funds or separate account liabilities.  Contract charges are assessed against the contractholder account values for maintenance, administration, cost of insurance and surrender prior to contractually specified dates.

 

10



 

The following table summarizes premiums and contract charges by product for the years ended December 31.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Underwritten products

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Traditional life insurance premiums

420

399

387

 

Accident and health insurance premiums

 

98

 

96

 

92

 

Interest-sensitive life insurance contract charges

 

975

 

952

 

907

 

Subtotal

 

1,493

 

1,447

 

1,386

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Annuities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Immediate annuities with life contingencies premiums

 

106

 

97

 

102

 

Other fixed annuity contract charges

 

33

 

39

 

45

 

Subtotal

 

139

 

136

 

147

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Premiums and contract charges (1)

1,632

1,583

1,533

 

 


(1)

Contract charges related to the cost of insurance totaled $648 million, $627 million and $606 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

 

Total premiums and contract charges increased 3.1% in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to higher contract charges on interest-sensitive life insurance products primarily resulting from the aging of our policyholders and increased traditional life insurance premiums.  Increased traditional life insurance premiums were primarily due to lower reinsurance premiums resulting from higher retention, partially offset by lower renewal premiums.

 

Total premiums and contract charges increased 3.3% in 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to higher contract charges on interest-sensitive life insurance products resulting from a shift in the mix of policies in force to contracts with higher cost of insurance rates and policy administration fees.  In addition, increased traditional life insurance premiums in 2010 were primarily due to lower reinsurance premiums resulting from higher retention, partially offset by lower renewal premiums and decreased sales.

 

Contractholder funds represent interest-bearing liabilities arising from the sale of individual and institutional products, such as interest-sensitive life insurance, fixed annuities and funding agreements. The balance of contractholder funds is equal to the cumulative deposits received and interest credited to the contractholder less cumulative contract maturities, benefits, surrenders, withdrawals and contract charges for mortality or administrative expenses.  The following table shows the changes in contractholder funds for the years ended December 31.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Contractholder funds, beginning balance

46,458

 

50,850

 

56,780

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deposits

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed annuities

 

666

 

 

931

 

 

1,963

 

 

Interest-sensitive life insurance

 

1,203

 

 

1,432

 

 

1,364

 

 

Total deposits

 

1,869

 

 

2,363

 

 

3,327

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest credited

 

1,592

 

 

1,752

 

 

1,974

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maturities, benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maturities and retirements of institutional products

 

(867

)

 

(1,833

)

 

(4,773

)

 

Benefits

 

(1,454

)

 

(1,537

)

 

(1,553

)

 

Surrenders and partial withdrawals

 

(4,908

)

 

(4,166

)

 

(4,086

)

 

Contract charges

 

(962

)

 

(921

)

 

(860

)

 

Net transfers from separate accounts

 

12

 

 

11

 

 

11

 

 

Fair value hedge adjustments for institutional products

 

(34

)

 

(196

)

 

25

 

 

Other adjustments (1)

 

(37

)

 

135

 

 

5

 

 

Total maturities, benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments

 

(8,250

)

 

(8,507

)

 

(11,231

)

 

Contractholder funds, ending balance

41,669

 

46,458

 

50,850

 

 

 


(1)

The table above illustrates the changes in contractholder funds, which are presented gross of reinsurance recoverables on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.  The table above is intended to supplement our discussion and analysis of revenues, which are presented net of reinsurance on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.  As a result, the net change in contractholder funds associated with products reinsured to third parties is reflected as a component of the other adjustments line.

 

11



 

Contractholder funds decreased 10.3%, 8.6% and 10.4% in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, reflecting our continuing actions to reduce our concentration in spread-based products.  Average contractholder funds decreased 9.4% in 2011 compared to 2010 and 9.6% in 2010 compared to 2009.

 

Contractholder deposits decreased 20.9% in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to lower deposits on fixed annuities.  Contractholder deposits decreased 29.0% in 2010 compared to 2009 due to lower deposits on fixed annuities.  Deposits on fixed annuities decreased 52.6% in 2010 compared to 2009 due to our strategic decision to discontinue distributing fixed annuities through banks and broker-dealers and our goal to reduce our concentration in spread-based products and improve returns on new business.

 

Maturities and retirements of institutional products decreased $966 million to $867 million in 2011 from $1.83 billion in 2010, reflecting the continuing decline in these obligations over the past four years.  Maturities and retirements of institutional products decreased 61.6% to $1.83 billion in 2010 from $4.77 billion in 2009.  During 2009, we retired all of our remaining outstanding extendible institutional market obligations totaling $1.45 billion.  In addition, 2009 included the redemption of $1.39 billion of institutional product liabilities in conjunction with cash tender offers.

 

Surrenders and partial withdrawals on deferred fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life insurance products increased 17.8% to $4.91 billion in 2011 from $4.17 billion in 2010, and increased 2.0% in 2010 from $4.09 billion in 2009.  In 2011, the increase was primarily due to higher surrenders and partial withdrawals on fixed annuities, partially offset by lower surrenders and partial withdrawals on interest-sensitive life insurance products.  The increase for fixed annuities resulted from an increased number of contracts reaching the 30-45 day period (typically at their 5 or 6 year anniversary) during which there is no surrender charge as well as crediting rate actions taken by management.  In 2010, the increase was due to higher surrenders and partial withdrawals on fixed annuities.

 

The surrender and partial withdrawal rate on deferred fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life insurance products, based on the beginning of year contractholder funds, was 12.7% in 2011 compared to 10.2% in 2010 and 9.7% in 2009.

 

Analysis of costs and expenses  Total costs and expenses increased 1.3% or $51 million in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to higher amortization of DAC, partially offset by lower interest credited to contractholder funds.  Total costs and expenses decreased 16.6% or $781 million in 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to lower amortization of DAC and interest credited to contractholder funds, partially offset by higher contract benefits.

 

Contract benefits increased 0.4% or $6 million in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to unfavorable mortality experience on life insurance, partially offset by reserve reestimations recorded in second quarter 2010 that did not recur in 2011.

 

The reserve reestimations in the second quarter of 2010 utilized more refined policy level information and assumptions.  The increase in reserves for certain secondary guarantees on universal life insurance policies resulted in a charge to contract benefits of $68 million.  The decrease in reserves for immediate annuities resulted in a credit to contract benefits of $26 million.

 

Contract benefits increased 6.7% or $94 million in 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to higher contract benefits on interest-sensitive life insurance products, partially offset by lower contract benefits on immediate annuities with life contingencies.  The increase in contract benefits on interest-sensitive life insurance was primarily due to the reestimation of reserves for certain secondary guarantees on universal life insurance policies and higher mortality experience resulting from an increase in average claim size and higher incidence of claims.  Lower contract benefits on immediate annuities with life contingencies were due to the reestimation of reserves for benefits payable to certain annuitants to reflect current contractholder information.

 

We analyze our mortality and morbidity results using the difference between premiums and contract charges earned for the cost of insurance and contract benefits excluding the portion related to the implied interest on immediate annuities with life contingencies (“benefit spread”).  This implied interest totaled $541 million in 2011, $549 million in 2010 and $558 million in 2009.

 

12



 

The benefit spread by product group is disclosed in the following table for the years ended December 31.

 

($ in millions) 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Life insurance

342

 

267

 

350

 

 

Accident and health insurance

 

24

 

 

30

 

 

26

 

 

Annuities

 

(55)

 

 

(25)

 

 

(33

)

 

Total benefit spread

311

 

272

 

343

 

 

 

Benefit spread increased 14.3% or $39 million in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to reestimations of reserves that increased contract benefits for interest-sensitive life insurance and decreased contract benefits for immediate annuities with life contingencies in 2010, higher contract charges on interest-sensitive life and increased premiums on traditional life, partially offset by worse mortality experience on life insurance.

 

Benefit spread decreased 20.7% or $71 million in 2010 compared to 2009.  The decrease was primarily due to higher mortality experience on interest-sensitive life insurance and reestimations of reserves that increased contract benefits for interest-sensitive life insurance and decreased contract benefits for immediate annuities, partially offset by higher cost of insurance contract charges on interest-sensitive life insurance.

 

Interest credited to contractholder funds decreased 8.8% or $156 million in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to lower average contractholder funds and lower interest crediting rates on deferred fixed annuities, interest-sensitive life insurance and immediate fixed annuities.  Additionally, valuation changes on derivatives embedded in equity-indexed annuity contracts that are not hedged increased interest credited to contractholder funds by $18 million in 2011.  Amortization of DSI was $23 million in 2011 compared to $27 million in 2010.

 

Interest credited to contractholder funds decreased 15.0% or $312 million in 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to lower average contractholder funds and management actions to reduce interest crediting rates on deferred fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life insurance.  In addition, the decline in 2010 also reflects lower amortization of DSI.  Amortization of DSI declined to $27 million in 2010 compared to $129 million in 2009, primarily due to a $46 million decrease in amortization relating to realized capital gains and losses and a $38 million reduction in amortization acceleration for changes in assumptions.

 

In order to analyze the impact of net investment income and interest credited to contractholders on net income, we monitor the difference between net investment income and the sum of interest credited to contractholder funds and the implied interest on immediate annuities with life contingencies, which is included as a component of contract benefits on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (“investment spread”).

 

The investment spread by product group is shown in the following table for the years ended December 31.

 

($ in millions) 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Annuities and institutional products

170

 

179

 

126

 

 

Life insurance

 

59

 

 

38

 

 

3

 

 

Accident and health insurance

 

8

 

 

8

 

 

8

 

 

Net investment income on investments supporting capital

 

251

 

 

222

 

 

203

 

 

Total investment spread

488

 

447

 

340

 

 

 

Investment spread increased 9.2% or $41 million in 2011 compared to 2010 as actions to improve investment portfolio yields and lower crediting rates more than offset the effect of the continuing decline in our spread-based business in force.

 

Investment spread increased 31.5% or $107 million in 2010 compared to 2009 as lower net investment income was more than offset by decreased interest credited to contractholder funds, which includes lower amortization of DSI.  Excluding amortization of DSI, investment spread increased 1.1% or $5 million in 2010 compared to 2009.

 

13



 

To further analyze investment spreads, the following table summarizes the weighted average investment yield on assets supporting product liabilities and capital, interest crediting rates and investment spreads.

 

 

 

Weighted average
investment yield

 

Weighted average
interest crediting rate

 

Weighted average
investment spreads

 

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Interest-sensitive life insurance

 

5.4

 %

5.5

 %

5.5

 %

4.2

 %

4.4

 %

4.6

 %

1.2

 %

1.1

 %

0.9

 %

Deferred fixed annuities and

institutional products

 

4.6

 

4.4

 

4.5

 

3.3

 

3.3

 

3.4

 

1.3

 

1.1

 

1.1

 

Immediate fixed annuities with

and without life contingencies

 

6.3

 

6.4

 

6.3

 

6.2

 

6.4

 

6.5

 

0.1

 

--

 

(0.2)

 

Investments supporting capital,

traditional life and other products

 

4.0

 

3.9

 

3.2

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

 

The following table summarizes our product liabilities as of December 31 and indicates the account value of those contracts and policies in which an investment spread is generated.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Immediate fixed annuities with life contingencies

8,827

8,692

8,449

 

Other life contingent contracts and other

 

4,839

 

4,028

 

3,807

 

   Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits

13,666

12,720

12,256

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest-sensitive life insurance

10,195

10,061

9,662

 

Deferred fixed annuities

 

25,198

 

29,337

 

32,164

 

Immediate fixed annuities without life contingencies

 

3,819

 

3,797

 

3,866

 

Institutional products

 

1,891

 

2,650

 

4,370

 

Market value adjustments related to fair value hedges and other 

 

566

 

613

 

788

 

   Contractholder funds

41,669

46,458

50,850

 

 

The following table summarizes the weighted average guaranteed crediting rates and weighted average current crediting rates as of December 31, 2011 for certain fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life contracts where management has the ability to change the crediting rate, subject to a contractual minimum.  Other products, including equity-indexed, variable and immediate annuities, equity-indexed and variable life, and institutional products totaling $11.01 billion of contractholder funds, have been excluded from the analysis because management does not have the ability to change the crediting rate or the minimum crediting rate is not considered meaningful in this context.

 

($ in millions)

 

Weighted
average
guaranteed
crediting rates

 

Weighted
average
current
crediting rates

 

Contractholder
funds

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Annuities with annual crediting rate resets

 

3.10

 %

 

3.12

 %

 

$       11,414 

 

Annuities with multi-year rate guarantees: (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Resetable in next 12 months

 

2.16

 

 

4.16

 

 

2,458 

 

Resetable after 12 months

 

1.61

 

 

3.74

 

 

6,665 

 

Interest-sensitive life insurance

 

3.93

 

 

4.31

 

 

10,125 

 

 


(1)  These contracts include interest rate guarantee periods which are typically 5 or 6 years.

 

14



 

Amortization of DAC increased 95.5% or $210 million in 2011 compared to 2010 and decreased 71.1% or $541 million in 2010 compared to 2009.  The components of amortization of DAC are summarized in the following table for the years ended December 31.

 

($ in millions) 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Amortization of DAC before amortization

relating to realized capital gains and losses,

valuation changes on embedded derivatives that

are not hedged and changes in assumptions

265

 

201

 

308

 

 

Amortization relating to realized capital gains and

losses (1) and valuation changes on embedded

derivatives that are not hedged

 

156

 

 

36

 

 

180

 

 

Amortization acceleration (deceleration) for

changes in assumptions (“DAC unlocking”)

 

9

 

 

(17

)

 

273

 

 

Total amortization of DAC

430

 

220

 

761

 

 

 


(1)   The impact of realized capital gains and losses on amortization of DAC is dependent upon the relationship between the assets that give rise to the gain or loss and the product liability supported by the assets.  Fluctuations result from changes in the impact of realized capital gains and losses on actual and expected gross profits.

 

The increase of $210 million in 2011 was primarily due to increased amortization relating to realized capital gains, lower amortization in the second quarter of 2010 resulting from decreased benefit spread on interest-sensitive life insurance due to the reestimation of reserves, and an unfavorable change in amortization acceleration/deceleration for changes in assumptions.  In 2011, DAC amortization relating to realized capital gains and losses primarily resulted from realized capital gains on sales of fixed income securities.

 

The decrease of $541 million in 2010 was primarily due to a favorable change in amortization acceleration/deceleration for changes in assumptions, lower amortization relating to realized capital gains and losses, a decreased amortization rate on fixed annuities and lower amortization from decreased benefit spread on interest-sensitive life insurance due to the reestimation of reserves.  In 2010, DAC amortization relating to realized capital gains and losses primarily resulted from realized capital gains on derivatives and sales of fixed income securities.

 

During the first quarter of 2011, we completed our annual comprehensive review of the profitability of our products to determine DAC balances for our interest-sensitive life, fixed annuities and other investment contracts which covers assumptions for investment returns, including capital gains and losses, interest crediting rates to policyholders, the effect of any hedges, persistency, mortality and expenses in all product lines.  The review resulted in an acceleration of DAC amortization (charge to income) of $9 million in the first quarter of 2011.  Amortization acceleration of $15 million related to interest-sensitive life insurance and was primarily due to an increase in projected expenses.  Amortization deceleration of $6 million related to equity-indexed annuities and was primarily due to an increase in projected investment margins.

 

In 2010, our annual comprehensive review resulted in a deceleration of DAC amortization (credit to income) of $17 million.  Amortization deceleration of $37 million related to variable life insurance and was primarily due to appreciation in the underlying separate account valuations.  Amortization acceleration of $19 million related to interest-sensitive life insurance and was primarily due to an increase in projected realized capital losses and lower projected renewal premium (which is also expected to reduce persistency), partially offset by lower expenses.

 

In 2009, our annual comprehensive review resulted in the acceleration of DAC amortization of $273 million.  $242 million related to fixed annuities, of which $177 million was attributable to market value adjusted annuities, $14 million related to variable life insurance, and $16 million related to interest-sensitive life insurance.  The principal assumption impacting fixed annuity amortization acceleration was an increase in the level of expected realized capital losses in 2009 and 2010.

 

15



 

The changes in DAC are detailed in the following table.

 

($ in millions)

 

Traditional life

and accident and
health

 

Interest-sensitive

life insurance

 

Fixed
annuities

 

Other

 

Total

 

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning balance

$

365

$

348

$

1,793

$

1,778

$

364

$

942

$

4

$

5

$

2,526

$

3,073

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acquisition costs deferred

 

58

 

51

 

160

 

211

 

23

 

42

 

--

 

--

 

241

 

304

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amortization of DAC before amortization relating to realized capital gains and losses, valuation changes on embedded derivatives that are not hedged and changes in assumptions (1)

 

(39)

 

(34)

 

(170)

 

(105)

 

(54)

 

(61)

 

(2)

 

(1)

 

(265)

 

(201)

 

(Amortization) accretion relating to realized capital gains and losses  and valuation changes on embedded derivatives that are not hedged (1)

 

--

 

--

 

(21)

 

13

 

(135)

 

(49)

 

--

 

--

 

(156)

 

(36)

 

Amortization (acceleration) deceleration for changes in assumptions (“DAC unlocking”) (1)

 

--

 

--

 

(15)

 

18

 

6

 

(1)

 

--

 

--

 

(9)

 

17

 

Effect of unrealized capital gains and losses (2)

 

--

 

--

 

(175)

 

(122)

 

3

 

(509)

 

--

 

--

 

(172)

 

(631)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ending balance

$

384

$

365

$

1,572

$

1,793

$

207

$

364

$

2

$

4

$

2,165

$

2,526

 

______________

(1)    Included as a component of amortization of DAC on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

(2)    Represents the change in the DAC adjustment for unrealized capital gains and losses.  The DAC adjustment balance was $(107) million and $65 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and represents the amount by which the amortization of DAC would increase or decrease if the unrealized gains and losses in the respective product portfolios were realized.

 

Operating costs and expenses decreased 3.4% or $14 million in 2011 compared to 2010 and increased 0.7% or $3 million in 2010 compared to 2009.  The following table summarizes operating costs and expenses for the years ended December 31.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Non-deferrable acquisition costs

158

161

165

 

Other operating costs and expenses

 

236

 

247

 

240

 

Total operating costs and expenses

394

408

405

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Restructuring and related charges

1

(3)

24

 

 

Non-deferrable acquisition costs decreased 1.9% or $3 million in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to lower premium tax expenses.  Other operating costs and expenses decreased 4.5% or $11 million in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to lower employee and professional service costs and reduced insurance department assessments for 2011, partially offset by a charge related to the liquidation plan for Executive Life Insurance Company of New York.

 

Non-deferrable acquisition costs decreased 2.4% or $4 million in 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to decreased commission expenses, partially offset by higher premium taxes.  Other operating costs and expenses increased 2.9% or $7 million in 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to lower reinsurance expense allowances resulting from higher retention.  In 2010, these increased costs were partially offset by our expense reduction actions, which resulted in lower employee, professional services and sales support expenses.

 

During 2009, restructuring and related charges of $24 million were recorded in connection with our plan to improve efficiency and narrow our focus of product offerings.  In accordance with this plan, among other actions, we eliminated approximately 1,000 workforce positions relative to December 31, 2008 levels through a combination of attrition, position elimination and outsourcing.  This reduction reflected approximately 30% of our work force at the time the plan was initiated.

 

16



 

Income tax expense was $225 million in 2011 compared to tax benefits of $45 million in 2010 and $94 million in 2009.  The change in 2011 was due to the proportionate change in income on which income tax expense was determined.  The income tax benefit for 2009 included expense of $142 million attributable to an increase in the valuation allowance relating to the deferred tax asset on capital losses recorded in the first quarter of 2009.  This valuation allowance was released in connection with the adoption of new OTTI accounting guidance on April 1, 2009; however, the release was recorded as an increase to retained income and therefore did not reverse the amount recorded in income tax benefit.

 

Reinsurance ceded  We enter into reinsurance agreements with unaffiliated reinsurers to limit our risk of mortality and morbidity losses.  In addition, we have used reinsurance to effect the acquisition or disposition of certain blocks of business.  We retain primary liability as a direct insurer for all risks ceded to reinsurers.  As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, 42% and 45%, respectively, of our face amount of life insurance in force was reinsured.  Additionally, we ceded substantially all of the risk associated with our variable annuity business and we cede 100% of the morbidity risk on substantially all of our long-term care contracts.

 

Our reinsurance recoverables, summarized by reinsurer as of December 31, are shown in the following table.

 

($ in millions)

 

Standard & Poor’s
financial strength
rating 
(4)

 

Reinsurance
recoverable on paid
and unpaid benefits

 

 

 

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

Prudential Insurance Company of America

 

AA-

$

1,681

$

1,633

 

Employers Reassurance Corporation

 

A+

 

960

 

853

 

Transamerica Life Group

 

AA-

 

454

 

402

 

RGA Reinsurance Company

 

AA-

 

357

 

358

 

Swiss Re Life and Health America, Inc. (1)

 

AA-

 

211

 

210

 

Scottish Re Group (2)

 

N/A

 

134

 

136

 

Paul Revere Life Insurance Company

 

A-

 

132

 

140

 

Munich American Reassurance

 

AA-

 

126

 

124

 

Security Life of Denver

 

A-

 

71

 

79

 

Manulife Insurance Company

 

AA-

 

64

 

68

 

Lincoln National Life Insurance

 

AA-

 

63

 

64

 

Triton Insurance Company

 

N/A

 

56

 

58

 

American Health & Life Insurance Co.

 

N/A

 

48

 

50

 

Other (3)

 

 

 

100

 

102

 

Total

 

 

4,457

4,277

 

_______________________

(1)    The Company has extensive reinsurance contracts directly with Swiss Re and its affiliates and indirectly through Swiss Re’s acquisition of other companies with whom we had reinsurance or retrocession contracts.

(2)    The reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid benefits related to the Scottish Re Group as of December 31, 2011 comprised $73 million related to Scottish Re Life Corporation and $61 million related to Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc.  The reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid benefits related to the Scottish Re Group as of December 31, 2010 comprised $73 million related to Scottish Re Life Corporation and $63 million related to Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc.

(3)    As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the other category includes $84 million and $86 million, respectively, of recoverables due from reinsurers with an investment grade credit rating from Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”).

(4)    N/A reflects no rating available.

 

Certain of our reinsurers experienced rating downgrades in 2011 by S&P, including Security Life of Denver and Mutual of Omaha.  We continuously monitor the creditworthiness of reinsurers in order to determine our risk of recoverability on an individual and aggregate basis, and a provision for uncollectible reinsurance is recorded if needed.  No amounts have been deemed unrecoverable in the three-years ended December 31, 2011.

 

17



 

INVESTMENTS 2011 HIGHLIGHTS

 

·      Investments totaled $56.28 billion as of December 31, 2011, a decrease of 5.3% from $59.44 billion as of December 31, 2010.

·      Unrealized net capital gains totaled $1.97 billion as of December 31, 2011, increasing from $758 million as of December 31, 2010.

·      As of December 31, 2011, $200 million or 38% of our $523 million below investment grade gross unrealized losses related to Subprime residential mortgage-backed securities compared to $283 million as of December 31, 2010.  The fair value of these securities totaled $373 million as of December 31, 2011 compared to $490 million as of December 31, 2010.

·      Net investment income was $2.64 billion in 2011, a decrease of 4.5% from $2.76 billion in 2010.

·      Net realized capital gains were $390 million in 2011 compared to net realized capital losses of $513 million in 2010.

 

INVESTMENTS

 

Overview and strategy  The return on our investment portfolio is an important component of our financial results.  Our investment strategy focuses on the total return of assets needed to support the underlying liabilities, asset-liability management and achieving an appropriate return on capital.

 

We employ a strategic asset allocation approach which considers the nature of the liabilities and risk tolerances, as well as the risk and return parameters of the various asset classes in which we invest.  This asset allocation is informed by our global economic and market outlook, as well as other inputs and constraints, including diversification effects, duration, liquidity and capital considerations.  Within the ranges set by the strategic asset allocation, tactical investment decisions are made in consideration of prevailing market conditions.  We manage risks associated with interest rates, credit spreads, equity markets, real estate and currency exchange rates.  Our continuing focus is to manage risks and to position our portfolio to take advantage of market opportunities while attempting to mitigate adverse effects.

 

Investments outlook

 

We anticipate the financial markets will continue to have periods of high volatility.  Invested assets and income are expected to decline in line with reductions in contractholder funds.  We plan to focus on the following priorities:

 

·      Optimizing return and risk in an uncertain economic climate and volatile investment markets.

·      Expanding ownership of cash-generating assets, including real assets, through fund investments.

·      Managing the alignment of assets with respect to our changing liability profile.

 

Portfolio composition  The composition of the investment portfolio as of December 31, 2011 is presented in the table below.  Also see Notes 2 and 5 of the consolidated financial statements for investment accounting policies and additional information.

 

($ in millions)

 

 

 

Percent
to total

 

Fixed income securities (1)

$

45,428

 

80.7%  

 

Mortgage loans

 

6,546

 

11.6  

 

Equity securities (2)

 

179

 

0.3  

 

Limited partnership interests (3)

 

1,612

 

2.9  

 

Short-term (4)

 

593

 

1.1  

 

Policy loans

 

833

 

1.5  

 

Other

 

1,086

 

1.9  

 

Total

$

56,277

 

100.0%  

 

__________________

(1)           Fixed income securities are carried at fair value.  Amortized cost basis for these securities was $43.48 billion.

(2)           Equity securities are carried at fair value.  Cost basis for these securities was $143 million.

(3)         We have commitments to invest in additional limited partnership interests totaling $797 million.

(4)           Short-term investments are carried at fair value.  Amortized cost basis for these investments was $593 million.

 

 

18



 

Total investments decreased to $56.28 billion as of December 31, 2011, from $59.44 billion as of December 31, 2010, primarily due to net reductions in contractholder funds, partially offset by higher valuations of fixed income securities.  Valuations of fixed income securities are typically driven by a combination of changes in relevant risk-free interest rates and credit spreads over the period.  Risk-free interest rates are typically referenced as the yield on U.S. Treasury securities, whereas credit spread is the additional yield on fixed income securities above the risk-free rate that market participants require to compensate them for assuming credit, liquidity and/or prepayment risks.  U.S. Treasury securities continue to trade in active markets, and the yield curve on U.S. Treasury securities remains an appropriate basis for determining risk-free rates.  The increase in valuation of fixed income securities during 2011 was due to declining risk-free interest rates, partially offset by widening credit spreads.

 

Fixed income securities by type are listed in the table below.

 

($ in millions)

 

Fair value as of
December 31, 2011

 

Percent to
total
investments

 

Fair value as of
December 31, 2010

 

Percent to
total
investments

 

U.S. government and agencies

$

2,743

 

 

4.9

%

$

3,494

 

 

5.9

%

 

Municipal

 

4,692

 

 

8.3

 

 

4,973

 

 

8.4

 

 

Corporate

 

30,404

 

 

54.0

 

 

28,650

 

 

48.2

 

 

Foreign government

 

1,068

 

 

1.9

 

 

2,257

 

 

3.8

 

 

Residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”)

 

2,714

 

 

4.8

 

 

4,355

 

 

7.3

 

 

Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”)

 

1,683

 

 

3.0

 

 

1,903

 

 

3.2

 

 

Asset-backed securities (“ABS”)

 

2,108

 

 

3.8

 

 

2,567

 

 

4.3

 

 

Redeemable preferred stock

 

16

 

 

--

 

 

15

 

 

--

 

 

Total fixed income securities

$

45,428

 

 

80.7

%

$

48,214

 

 

81.1

%

 

 

As of December 31, 2011, 92.7% of the fixed income securities portfolio was rated investment grade, which is defined as a security having a rating of Aaa, Aa, A or Baa from Moody’s, a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from S&P, Fitch, Dominion, or Realpoint, a rating of aaa, aa, a, or bbb from A.M. Best, or a comparable internal rating if an externally provided rating is not available.  All of our fixed income securities are rated by third party credit rating agencies, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”), and/or internally rated.  Our initial investment decisions and ongoing monitoring procedures for fixed income securities are based on a thorough due diligence process which includes, but is not limited to, an assessment of the credit quality, sector, structure, and liquidity risks of each issue.

 

19



 

The following table summarizes the fair value and unrealized net capital gains and losses for fixed income securities by credit rating as of December 31, 2011.

 

($ in millions)

 

Aaa

 

Aa

 

A

 

 

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
gain/(loss)

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
gain/(loss)

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
gain/(loss)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. government and agencies

$

2,743

 

$

241

 

$

--

 

$

--

 

$

--

 

$

--

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Municipal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tax exempt

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

26

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

Taxable

 

201

 

 

22

 

 

2,656

 

 

286

 

 

1,062

 

 

78

 

 

ARS

 

231

 

 

(21

)

 

40

 

 

(6

)

 

26

 

 

(4

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Public

 

699

 

 

48

 

 

1,608

 

 

131

 

 

7,386

 

 

604

 

 

Privately placed

 

620

 

 

39

 

 

1,165

 

 

78

 

 

3,498

 

 

254

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign government

 

453

 

 

96

 

 

97

 

 

5

 

 

284

 

 

18

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RMBS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. government sponsored entities (“U.S. Agency”)

 

1,222

 

 

58

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

Prime residential mortgage-backed securities (“Prime”)

 

152

 

 

3

 

 

47

 

 

--

 

 

141

 

 

2

 

 

Alt-A residential mortgage-backed securities (“Alt-A”)

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

33

 

 

(1

)

 

67

 

 

--

 

 

Subprime residential mortgage-backed securities (“Subprime”)

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

49

 

 

(17

)

 

37

 

 

(8

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CMBS

 

874

 

 

30

 

 

212

 

 

(6

)

 

165

 

 

(30

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Collateralized debt obligations (“CDO”)

 

103

 

 

(2

)

 

662

 

 

(35

)

 

335

 

 

(74

)

 

Consumer and other asset-backed securities (“Consumer and other ABS”)

 

287

 

 

14

 

 

134

 

 

2

 

 

112

 

 

--

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Redeemable preferred stock

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

1

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

Total fixed income securities

$

7,585

 

$

528

 

$

6,730

 

$

437

 

$

13,113

 

$

840

 

 

 

 

 

Baa

 

Ba or lower

 

Total

 

 

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
gain/(loss)

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
gain/(loss)

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
gain/(loss)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. government and agencies

$

--

 

$

--

 

$

--

 

$

--

 

$

2,743

 

$

241

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Municipal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tax exempt

 

11

 

 

1

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

37

 

 

1

 

 

Taxable

 

378

 

 

(26

)

 

52

 

 

(15

)

 

4,349

 

 

345

 

 

ARS

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

9

 

 

(3

)

 

306

 

 

(34

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Public

 

7,830

 

 

566

 

 

1,173

 

 

13

 

 

18,696

 

 

1,362

 

 

Privately placed

 

5,586

 

 

186

 

 

839

 

 

(11

)

 

11,708

 

 

546

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign government

 

234

 

 

22

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

1,068

 

 

141

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RMBS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Agency

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

1,222

 

 

58

 

 

Prime   

 

34

 

 

--

 

 

211

 

 

(11

)

 

585

 

 

(6

)

 

Alt-A

 

27

 

 

--

 

 

220

 

 

(47

)

 

347

 

 

(48

)

 

Subprime

 

52

 

 

(23

)

 

422

 

 

(196

)

 

560

 

 

(244

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CMBS

 

265

 

 

(81

)

 

167

 

 

(92

)

 

1,683

 

 

(179

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CDO

 

182

 

 

(64

)

 

228

 

 

(77

)

 

1,510

 

 

(252

)

 

Consumer and other ABS

 

52

 

 

1

 

 

13

 

 

(2

)

 

598

 

 

15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Redeemable preferred stock

 

15

 

 

1

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

16

 

 

1

 

 

Total fixed income securities

$

14,666

 

$

583

 

$

3,334

 

$

(441

)

$

45,428

 

$

1,947

 

 

 

20



 

Municipal bonds, including tax exempt, taxable and ARS securities, totaled $4.69 billion as of December 31, 2011 with an unrealized net capital gain of $312 million.  The municipal bond portfolio includes general obligations of state and local issuers, revenue bonds and pre-refunded bonds, which are bonds for which an irrevocable trust has been established to fund the remaining payments of principal and interest.

 

The following table summarizes by state the fair value, amortized cost and credit rating of our municipal bonds, excluding $34 million of pre-refunded bonds, as of December 31, 2011.

 

($ in millions)

 

State

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average

 

State

 

general
obligation

 

Local general
obligation

 

Revenue (1)

 

Fair value

 

Amortized
cost

 

credit
rating

 

California

$

67

$

299

$

290

$

656

$

634

 

A

 

Texas

 

--

 

244

 

272

 

516

 

470

 

Aa

 

New York

 

17

 

4

 

338

 

359

 

335

 

Aa

 

Delaware

 

--

 

--

 

244

 

244

 

257

 

Aa

 

Illinois

 

--

 

84

 

125

 

209

 

185

 

Aa

 

New Jersey

 

86

 

24

 

95

 

205

 

189

 

A

 

Oregon

 

--

 

167

 

28

 

195

 

176

 

A

 

Florida

 

27

 

39

 

121

 

187

 

171

 

Aa

 

Ohio

 

--

 

82

 

94

 

176

 

155

 

Aa

 

Michigan

 

24

 

58

 

68

 

150

 

136

 

Aa

 

All others

 

240

 

255

 

1,266

 

1,761

 

1,643

 

A

 

Total

$

461

$

1,256

$

2,941

$

4,658

$

4,351

 

Aa

 

_____________

(1)           The nature of the activities supporting revenue bonds is highly diversified and includes transportation, health care, industrial development, housing, higher education, utilities, recreation/convention centers and other activities.

 

Our practice for acquiring and monitoring municipal bonds is predominantly based on the underlying credit quality of the primary obligor.  We currently rely on the primary obligor to pay all contractual cash flows and are not relying on bond insurers for payments.  As a result of downgrades in the insurers’ credit ratings, the ratings of the insured municipal bonds generally reflect the underlying ratings of the primary obligor.  As of December 31, 2011, 99.5% of our insured municipal bond portfolio is rated investment grade.

 

ARS totaled $306 million with an unrealized net capital loss of $34 million as of December 31, 2011.  Our holdings primarily have a credit rating of Aaa.  As of December 31, 2011, all of our ARS backed by student loans were 80% to 100% insured by the U.S. Department of Education.  All of our ARS holdings are experiencing failed auctions and we receive the failed auction rate or, for those which contain maximum reset rate formulas, we receive the contractual maximum rate.  We anticipate that failed auctions may persist and most of our holdings will continue to pay the failed auction rate or, for those that contain maximum rate reset formulas, the maximum rate.  Auctions continue to be conducted as scheduled for each of the securities.

 

Corporate bonds, including publicly traded and privately placed, totaled $30.40 billion as of December 31, 2011 with an unrealized net capital gain of $1.91 billion.  Privately placed securities primarily consist of corporate issued senior debt securities that are directly negotiated with the borrower or are in unregistered form.

 

Our portfolio of privately placed securities is broadly diversified by issuer, industry sector and country.  The portfolio is made up of 499 issuers.  Privately placed corporate obligations contain structural security features such as financial covenants and call protections that provide investors greater protection against credit deterioration, reinvestment risk or fluctuations in interest rates than those typically found in publicly registered debt securities.  Additionally, investments in these securities are made after extensive due diligence of the issuer, typically including direct discussions with senior management and on-site visits to company facilities.  Ongoing monitoring includes direct periodic dialog with senior management of the issuer and continuous monitoring of operating performance and financial position.  Every issue not rated by an independent rating agency is internally rated with a formal rating affirmation at least once a year.

 

Foreign government securities totaled $1.07 billion as of December 31, 2011, with 100% rated investment grade and an unrealized net capital gain of $141 million.  Of these securities, 36.7% are backed by the U.S. government, 21.6% are in Canadian governmental securities and the remaining 41.7% are highly diversified in other foreign governments.

 

RMBS, CMBS and ABS are structured securities that are primarily collateralized by residential and commercial real estate loans and other consumer or corporate borrowings.  The cash flows from the underlying collateral paid to the securitization trust are generally applied in a pre-determined order and are designed so that each security issued by the trust, typically referred to as a “class”, qualifies for a specific original rating.  For example, the “senior”

 

21



 

portion or “top” of the capital structure, or rating class, which would originally qualify for a rating of Aaa typically has priority in receiving principal repayments on the underlying collateral and retains this priority until the class is paid in full.  In a sequential structure, underlying collateral principal repayments are directed to the most senior rated Aaa class in the structure until paid in full, after which principal repayments are directed to the next most senior Aaa class in the structure until it is paid in full.  Senior Aaa classes generally share any losses from the underlying collateral on a pro-rata basis after losses are absorbed by classes with lower original ratings.  The payment priority and class subordination included in these securities serves as credit enhancement for holders of the senior or top portions of the structures.  These securities continue to retain the payment priority features that existed at the origination of the securitization trust.  Other forms of credit enhancement may include structural features embedded in the securitization trust, such as overcollateralization, excess spread and bond insurance.  The underlying collateral can have fixed interest rates, variable interest rates (such as adjustable rate mortgages) or may contain features of both fixed and variable rate mortgages.

 

RMBS, including U.S. Agency, Prime, Alt-A and Subprime, totaled $2.71 billion, with 68.6% rated investment grade, as of December 31, 2011.  The RMBS portfolio is subject to interest rate risk, but unlike other fixed income securities, is additionally subject to significant prepayment risk from the underlying residential mortgage loans.  The credit risk associated with U.S. Agency portfolio is mitigated because they were issued by or have underlying collateral guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.  The unrealized net capital loss of $240 million as of December 31, 2011 was the result of wider credit spreads than at initial purchase on the non-U.S. Agency portion of our RMBS portfolio, largely due to higher risk premiums caused by macroeconomic conditions and credit market deterioration, including the impact of lower residential real estate valuations, which show signs of stabilization or recovery in certain geographic areas but remain under stress in other geographic areas.  The following table shows our RMBS portfolio as of December 31, 2011 based upon vintage year of the issuance of the securities.

 

($ in millions)

 

U.S. Agency

 

Prime

 

Alt-A

 

Subprime

 

Total RMBS

 

 

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
gain/(loss)

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
gain/(loss)

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
gain/(loss)

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
gain/(loss)

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
gain/(loss)

 

 2010

$

 --

$

 --

$

 138

$

 2 

$

 47

$

 1 

$

 --

$

-- 

$

185

$

 3

 

 2009

 

174

 

6

 

37

 

 

7

 

-- 

 

--

 

-- 

 

218

 

7

 

 2008

 

178

 

9

 

--

 

-- 

 

--

 

-- 

 

--

 

-- 

 

178

 

9

 

 2007

 

53

 

2

 

100

 

 

21

 

(11)

 

153

 

(64)

 

327

 

(72)

 

 2006

 

57

 

3

 

75

 

(2)

 

77

 

(16)

 

109

 

(52)

 

318

 

(67)

 

 2005

 

216

 

9

 

81

 

(8)

 

81

 

(11)

 

160

 

(81)

 

538

 

(91)

 

 Pre-2005

 

544

 

29

 

154

 

-- 

 

114

 

(11)

 

138

 

(47)

 

950

 

(29)

 

Total

$

 1,222

$

 58

$

 585

$

 (6)

 $

 347

$

 (48)

$

 560

$

 (244)

 $

 2,714

$

 (240)

 

 

Prime are collateralized by residential mortgage loans issued to prime borrowers.  As of December 31, 2011, $469 million of the Prime had fixed rate underlying collateral and $116 million had variable rate underlying collateral.

 

Alt-A includes securities collateralized by residential mortgage loans issued to borrowers who do not qualify for prime financing terms due to high loan-to-value ratios or limited supporting documentation, but have stronger credit profiles than subprime borrowers.  As of December 31, 2011, $291 million of the Alt-A had fixed rate underlying collateral and $56 million had variable rate underlying collateral.

 

Subprime includes securities collateralized by residential mortgage loans issued to borrowers that cannot qualify for Prime or Alt-A financing terms due in part to weak or limited credit history.  It also includes securities that are collateralized by certain second lien mortgages regardless of the borrower’s credit history.  The Subprime portfolio consisted of $403 million and $157 million of first lien and second lien securities, respectively.  As of December 31, 2011, $318 million of the Subprime had fixed rate underlying collateral and $242 million had variable rate underlying collateral.

 

CMBS totaled $1.68 billion, with 90.1% rated investment grade, as of December 31, 2011.  The CMBS portfolio is subject to credit risk, but unlike certain other structured securities, is generally not subject to prepayment risk due to protections within the underlying commercial mortgage loans.  Of the CMBS investments, 96.2% are traditional conduit transactions collateralized by commercial mortgage loans, broadly diversified across property types and geographical area.  The remainder consists of non-traditional CMBS such as small balance transactions, large loan pools and single borrower transactions.

 

22



 

The following table shows our CMBS portfolio as of December 31, 2011 based upon vintage year of the underlying collateral.

 

($ in millions)

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized gain/(loss)

 

2007

$

270

$

(22)

 

2006

 

502

 

(121)

 

2005

 

278

 

(41)

 

Pre-2005

 

633

 

 

Total CMBS

$

1,683

$

(179)

 

 

The unrealized net capital loss of $179 million as of December 31, 2011 on our CMBS portfolio was the result of wider credit spreads than at initial purchase, largely due to the macroeconomic conditions and credit market deterioration, including the impact of lower commercial real estate valuations, which show signs of stabilization or recovery in certain geographic areas but remain under stress in other geographic areas.  CMBS credit spreads are wider than at initial purchase in our 2005-2007 vintage year CMBS.

 

ABS, including CDO and Consumer and other ABS, totaled $2.11 billion, with 88.6% rated investment grade, as of December 31, 2011.  Credit risk is managed by monitoring the performance of the underlying collateral.  Many of the securities in the ABS portfolio have credit enhancement with features such as overcollateralization, subordinated structures, reserve funds, guarantees and/or insurance.  The unrealized net capital loss of $237 million as of December 31, 2011 on our ABS portfolio was the result of wider credit spreads than at initial purchase.

 

CDO totaled $1.51 billion, with 84.9% rated investment grade, as of December 31, 2011.  CDO consist primarily of obligations collateralized by high yield and investment grade corporate credits including $1.24 billion of cash flow collateralized loan obligations (“CLO”) with unrealized losses of $137 million.  Cash flow CLO are structures collateralized primarily by below investment grade senior secured corporate loans.  The underlying collateral is actively managed by external managers that monitor the collateral’s performance and is well diversified across industries and among issuers.  The remaining $273 million of securities consisted of synthetic CDO, trust preferred CDO, market value CDO, project finance CDO, collateralized bond obligations and other CLO with unrealized losses of $115 million.

 

Consumer and other ABS totaled $598 million, with 97.8% rated investment grade, as of December 31, 2011.  Consumer and other ABS consists of $224 million of consumer auto and $374 million of other ABS with unrealized gains of $2 million and $13 million, respectively.

 

Mortgage loans  Our mortgage loan portfolio totaled $6.55 billion as of both December 31, 2011 and 2010, and primarily comprises loans secured by first mortgages on developed commercial real estate.  Key considerations used to manage our exposure include property type and geographic diversification.

 

We recognized $33 million of realized capital losses related to net increases in the valuation allowance on impaired mortgage loans in 2011, primarily due to the risk associated with refinancing near-term maturities, and decreases in occupancy which resulted in deteriorating debt service coverage and declines in property valuations.  While property valuations show signs of stabilization or recovery in many larger, primary markets, valuations in many smaller cities remain under stress.  We recognized $65 million of realized capital losses related to net increases in the valuation allowance on impaired loans in 2010.

 

For further detail on our mortgage loan portfolio, see Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements.

 

Equity securities  Equity securities primarily include common stocks, exchange traded and mutual funds, non-redeemable preferred stocks and real estate investment trust equity investments.  The equity securities portfolio was $179 million as of December 31, 2011 compared to $211 million as of December 31, 2010.  Net unrealized gains totaled $36 million as of December 31, 2011 compared to $47 million as of December 31, 2010.

 

23



 

Limited partnership interests consist of investments in private equity/debt funds, real estate funds, hedge funds and tax credit funds.  The limited partnership interests portfolio is well diversified across a number of characteristics including fund managers, vintage years, strategies, geography (including international), and company/property types.  The following table presents information about our limited partnership interests as of December 31, 2011.

 

($ in millions)

 

Private
equity/debt
funds

 

Real estate
funds

 

Hedge
funds

 

Tax
credit
funds

 

Total

Cost method of accounting (“Cost”)

$

607

$

147

$

--

$

--

$

754

Equity method of accounting (“EMA”)

 

423

 

158

 

--

 

277

 

858

  Total

$

1,030

$

305

$

--

$

277

$

1,612

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of managers

 

86

 

28

 

1

 

8

 

 

Number of individual funds

 

137

 

52

 

2

 

16

 

 

Largest exposure to single fund

$

36

$

20

$

--

$

29

 

 

 

Our aggregate limited partnership exposure represented 2.9% and 2.1% of total invested assets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

The following table shows the results from our limited partnership interests by fund type and accounting classification for the years ended December 31.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

 

Cost

 

EMA

 

Total
income

 

Impairment write-downs (1)

 

Cost

 

EMA

 

Total
income

 

Impairment
write-downs
(1)

Private equity/debt funds

$

44

$

50 

$

94 

$

(2)

$

21

$

46 

$

67 

$

(5)

Real estate funds

 

5

 

18 

 

23 

 

(1)

 

--

 

(19)

 

(19)

 

(18)

Hedge funds

 

--

 

(1)

 

(1)

 

-- 

 

--

 

 

 

-- 

Tax credit funds

 

--

 

(5)

 

(5)

 

-- 

 

--

 

-- 

 

-- 

 

-- 

  Total

$

49

$

62 

$

111 

$

(3)

$

21

$

33 

$

54 

$

(23)

_____________

(1)           Impairment write-downs related to Cost limited partnerships were $2 million and $22 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively.  Impairment write-downs related to EMA limited partnerships were $1 million and $1 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

Limited partnership interests, excluding impairment write-downs, produced income of $111 million in 2011 compared to income of $54 million in 2010.  Income on EMA limited partnerships is recognized on a delay due to the availability of the related financial statements.  The recognition of income on hedge funds is primarily on a one-month delay and the income recognition on private equity/debt funds, real estate funds and tax credit funds are generally on a three-month delay.  Income on Cost limited partnerships is recognized only upon receipt of amounts distributed by the partnerships.

 

Short-term investments  Our short-term investment portfolio was $593 million and $1.26 billion as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

Policy loans  Our policy loan balance was $833 million and $841 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  Policy loans are carried at unpaid principal balances.

 

Other investments  Our other investments as of December 31, 2011 primarily comprise $299 million of bank loans, $275 million of notes due from related party and $166 million of certain derivatives.  Bank loans are primarily senior secured corporate loans and are carried at amortized cost.  For further detail on the notes due from related party, see Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements.  For further detail on our use of derivatives, see Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements.

 

24



 

Unrealized net capital gains totaled $1.97 billion as of December 31, 2011 compared to unrealized net capital gains of $758 million as of December 31, 2010.  The improvement since December 31, 2010 was due to declining risk-free interest rates, partially offset by widening credit spreads.  The following table presents unrealized net capital gains and losses as of December 31.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

U.S. government and agencies

$

241

$

 236

 

Municipal

 

312

 

(206)

 

Corporate

 

1,908

 

1,141

 

Foreign government

 

141

 

295

 

RMBS

 

(240)

 

(319)

 

CMBS

 

(179)

 

(218)

 

ABS

 

(237)

 

(201)

 

Redeemable preferred stock

 

1

 

--

 

Fixed income securities (1)

 

1,947

 

728

 

Equity securities

 

36

 

47

 

EMA limited partnership interests

 

1

 

--

 

Derivatives

 

(12)

 

(17)

 

Unrealized net capital gains and losses, pre-tax

$

1,972

$

 758

 

 


(1) Unrealized net capital gains and losses for fixed income securities as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 comprise $(159) million and $(153) million, respectively, related to unrealized net capital losses on fixed income securities with other-than-temporary impairment and $2.11 billion and $881 million, respectively, related to other unrealized net capital gains and losses.

 

The unrealized net capital gains for the fixed income portfolio totaled $1.95 billion and comprised $3.21 billion of gross unrealized gains and $1.26 billion of gross unrealized losses as of December 31, 2011.  This is compared to unrealized net capital gains for the fixed income portfolio totaling $728 million, comprised of $2.42 billion of gross unrealized gains and $1.69 billion of gross unrealized losses as of December 31, 2010.

 

Gross unrealized gains and losses as of December 31, 2011 on fixed income securities by type and sector are provided in the table below.

 

($ in millions)

 

Par

 

Amortized

 

Gross unrealized

 

Fair

 

Amortized
cost as a
percent of

 

Fair value
as a
percent of

 

 

 

value (1)

 

cost

 

Gains

 

Losses

 

value

 

par value (2)

 

par value (2)

 

Corporate:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Banking

$

 

2,261

$

 

2,252

$

 

64

$

 

(166)

$

 

2,150

 

99.6

%

95.1

%

Financial services

 

2,200

 

2,209

 

121

 

(46)

 

2,284

 

100.4

 

103.8

 

Utilities

 

5,945

 

5,938

 

647

 

(29)

 

6,556

 

99.9

 

110.3

 

Capital goods

 

3,365

 

3,384

 

298

 

(27)

 

3,655

 

100.6

 

108.6

 

Consumer goods (cyclical and non-cyclical)

 

5,380

 

5,447

 

393

 

(18)

 

5,822

 

101.2

 

108.2

 

Transportation

 

1,554

 

1,557

 

147

 

(14)

 

1,690

 

100.2

 

108.8

 

Communications

 

1,706

 

1,718

 

122

 

(7)

 

1,833

 

100.7

 

107.4

 

Basic industry

 

1,525

 

1,532

 

106

 

(5)

 

1,633

 

100.5

 

107.1

 

Energy

 

2,223

 

2,249

 

197

 

(2)

 

2,444

 

101.2

 

109.9

 

Technology

 

1,129

 

1,151

 

78

 

(2)

 

1,227

 

101.9

 

108.7

 

Other

 

1,152

 

1,059

 

61

 

(10)

 

1,110

 

91.9

 

96.4

 

Total corporate fixed income portfolio

 

28,440

 

28,496

 

2,234

 

(326)

 

30,404

 

100.2

 

106.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. government and agencies

 

2,881

 

2,502

 

241

 

--

 

2,743

 

86.8

 

95.2

 

Municipal

 

5,962

 

4,380

 

426

 

(114)

 

4,692

 

73.5

 

78.7

 

Foreign government

 

1,049

 

927

 

142

 

(1)

 

1,068

 

88.4

 

101.8

 

RMBS

 

3,372

 

2,954

 

74

 

(314)

 

2,714

 

87.6

 

80.5

 

CMBS

 

1,918

 

1,862

 

45

 

(224)

 

1,683

 

97.1

 

87.7

 

ABS

 

2,629

 

2,345

 

44

 

(281)

 

2,108

 

89.2

 

80.2

 

Redeemable preferred stock

 

14

 

15

 

1

 

--

 

16

 

107.1

 

114.3

 

Total fixed income securities

$

 

46,265

$

 

43,481

$

 

3,207

$

 

(1,260)

$

 

45,428

 

94.0

 

98.2

 

 


(1) Included in par value are zero-coupon securities that are generally purchased at a deep discount to the par value that is received at maturity. These primarily included corporate, U.S. government and agencies, municipal and foreign government zero-coupon securities with par value of $513 million, $948 million, $2.36 billion and $382 million, respectively.

(2) Excluding the impact of zero-coupon securities, the percentage of amortized cost to par value would be 100.6% for corporates, 102.1% for U.S. government and agencies, 99.0% for municipals and 102.1% for foreign governments. Similarly, excluding the impact of zero-coupon securities, the percentage of fair value to par value would be 107.3% for corporates, 105.5% for U.S. government and agencies, 108.0% for municipals and 110.0% for foreign governments.

 

25



 

The banking, financial services, utilities and capital goods sectors had the highest concentration of gross unrealized losses in our corporate fixed income securities portfolio as of December 31, 2011.  In general, credit spreads remain wider than at initial purchase for most of the securities with gross unrealized losses in these categories.

 

The unrealized net capital gain for the equity portfolio totaled $36 million and comprised $38 million of gross unrealized gains and $2 million of gross unrealized losses as of December 31, 2011.  This is compared to an unrealized net capital gain for the equity portfolio totaling $47 million, comprised of $48 million of gross unrealized gains and $1 million of gross unrealized losses as of December 31, 2010.  As of December 31, 2011, we have the intent and ability to hold our equity securities with unrealized losses until recovery.

 

As of December 31, 2011, the total fair value of our investments in the European Union (“EU”) is $2.80 billion, with net unrealized capital gains of $57 million, comprised of $180 million of gross unrealized gains and $123 million of gross unrealized losses.  The following table summarizes our total direct exposure related to Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain (collectively “GIIPS”) and the EU.

 

($ in millions)

 

Banking

 

Sovereign

 

Other corporate

 

Total

 

 

Fair
value

 

Gross
unrealized
losses

 

Fair
value

 

Gross
unrealized
losses

 

Fair
value

 

Gross
unrealized
losses

 

Fair
value

 

Gross
unrealized
losses

GIIPS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities

20

(10)

2

--

413

(34)

435

(44)

Total

 

20

 

(10)

 

2

 

--

 

413

 

(34)

 

435

 

(44)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EU non-GIIPS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities

 

279

 

(47)

 

53

 

--

 

2,010

 

(32)

 

2,342

 

(79)

Equity securities

 

--

 

-- 

 

--

 

--

 

21

 

-- 

 

21

 

-- 

Total

 

279

 

(47)

 

53

 

--

 

2,031

 

(32)

 

2,363

 

(79)

Total EU

299

(57)

55

--

2,444

(66)

2,798

(123)

 

We have a comprehensive portfolio monitoring process to identify and evaluate each fixed income and equity security that may be other-than-temporarily impaired.  The process includes a quarterly review of all securities to identify instances where the fair value of a security compared to its amortized cost (for fixed income securities) or cost (for equity securities) is below established thresholds.  The process also includes the monitoring of other impairment indicators such as ratings, ratings downgrades and payment defaults.  The securities identified, in addition to other securities for which we may have a concern, are evaluated based on facts and circumstances for inclusion on our watch-list.  All investments in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2011 were included in our portfolio monitoring process for determining whether declines in value were other than temporary.

 

The extent and duration of a decline in fair value for fixed income securities have become less indicative of actual credit deterioration with respect to an issue or issuer.  While we continue to use declines in fair value and the length of time a security is in an unrealized loss position as indicators of potential credit deterioration, our determination of whether a security’s decline in fair value is other than temporary has placed greater emphasis on our analysis of the underlying credit and collateral and related estimates of future cash flows.

 

The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed income securities by type and investment grade classification as of December 31, 2011.

 

($ in millions)

 

Investment grade

 

Below investment grade

 

Total

 

 

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
losses

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
losses

 

Fair
value

 

Unrealized
losses

 

Municipal

$

644

$

(96)

$

47

$

(18)

$

691

$

(114)

 

Corporate

 

2,571

 

(272)

 

661

 

(54)

 

3,232

 

(326)

 

Foreign government

 

42

 

(1)

 

--

 

--

 

42

 

(1)

 

RMBS

 

276

 

(53)

 

685

 

(261)

 

961

 

(314)

 

CMBS

 

690

 

(128)

 

159

 

(96)

 

849

 

(224)

 

ABS

 

1,085

 

(187)

 

180

 

(94)

 

1,265

 

(281)

 

Total

$

5,308

$

(737)

$

1,732

$

(523)

$

7,040

$

(1,260)

 

 

We have experienced declines in the fair values of fixed income securities primarily due to wider credit spreads resulting from higher risk premiums since the time of initial purchase, largely due to macroeconomic conditions and credit market deterioration, including the impact of lower real estate valuations, which show signs of stabilization or recovery in certain geographic areas but remain under stress in other geographic areas.  Consistent with their ratings, our portfolio monitoring process indicates that investment grade securities have a low risk of default.  Securities

 

26



 

rated below investment grade, comprising securities with a rating of Ba, B and Caa or lower, have a higher risk of default.  As of December 31, 2011, 38% of our below investment grade gross unrealized losses related to Subprime RMBS.

 

Fair values for our structured securities are obtained from third-party valuation service providers and are subject to review as disclosed in our Application of Critical Accounting Estimates.  In accordance with GAAP, when fair value is less than the amortized cost of a security and we have not made the decision to sell the security and it is not more likely than not we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, we evaluate if we expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security.  We calculate the estimated recovery value by discounting our best estimate of future cash flows at the security’s original or current effective rate, as appropriate, and compare this to the amortized cost of the security.  If we do not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, the credit loss component of the impairment is recorded in earnings, with the remaining amount of the unrealized loss related to other factors (“non-credit-related”) recognized in other comprehensive income.

 

The non-credit-related unrealized losses for our structured securities, including our below investment grade Subprime, are heavily influenced by risk factors other than those related to our best estimate of future cash flows.  The difference between these securities’ original or current effective rates and the yields implied by their fair value indicates that a higher risk premium is included in the valuation of these securities than existed at initial issue or purchase.  This risk premium represents the return that a market participant requires as compensation to assume the risk associated with the uncertainties regarding the future performance of the underlying collateral.  The risk premium is comprised of: default risk, which reflects the probability of default and the uncertainty related to collection of contractual principal and interest; liquidity risk, which reflects the risk associated with exiting the investment in an illiquid market, both in terms of timeliness and cost; and volatility risk, which reflects the potential valuation volatility during an investor’s holding period.  Other factors reflected in the risk premium include the costs associated with underwriting, monitoring and holding these types of complex securities.  Certain aspects of the default risk are included in the development of our best estimate of future cash flows, as appropriate.  Other aspects of the risk premium are considered to be temporary in nature and are expected to reverse over the remaining lives of the securities as future cash flows are received.

 

Other-than-temporary impairment assessment for below investment grade Subprime RMBS

 

As of December 31, 2011, the fair value of our below investment grade Subprime securities with gross unrealized losses totaled $373 million, a decrease of 23.9% compared to $490 million as of December 31, 2010, primarily due to sales.  As of December 31, 2011, gross unrealized losses for our below investment grade Subprime portfolio totaled $200 million, an improvement of 29.3% compared to $283 million as of December 31, 2010, due to impairment write-downs, sales and principal collections, partially offset by the downgrade of certain securities to below investment grade and lower valuations.  For our below investment grade Subprime with gross unrealized gains totaling $3 million, we have recognized cumulative write-downs in earnings totaling $108 million as of December 31, 2011.

 

The credit loss evaluation for Subprime securities with gross unrealized losses is performed in two phases.  The first phase estimates the future cash flows of the entire securitization trust from which our security was issued.  A critical part of this estimate involves forecasting default rates and loss severities of the residential mortgage loans that collateralize the securitization trust.  The factors that affect the default rates and loss severities include, but are not limited to, historical collateral performance, collateral type, transaction vintage year, geographic concentrations, borrower credit quality, origination practices of the transaction sponsor, and practices of the mortgage loan servicers.  Current loan-to-value ratios of underlying collateral are not consistently available and accordingly they are not a primary factor in our impairment evaluation.  While our projections are developed internally and customized to our specific holdings, they are informed by and benchmarked against credit opinions obtained from third parties, such as industry analysts, nationally recognized credit rating agencies and an RMBS loss modeling advisory service.  The default rate and loss severity forecasts result in an estimate of trust-level projected additional collateral loss.

 

We then analyze the actual cumulative collateral losses incurred to date by the securitization trust, our projected additional collateral losses expected to be incurred and the position of the class of securities we own in the securitization trust relative to the trust’s other classes to determine whether any of the collateral losses will be applied to our class.  If our class has remaining credit enhancement sufficient to withstand the projected additional collateral losses, no collateral losses will be realized by our class and we expect to collect all contractual principal and interest of the security we own.  Remaining credit enhancement is measured in terms of (i) subordination from other classes of securities in the trust that are contractually obligated to absorb losses before the class of security we

 

27



 

own and (ii) the expected impact of other structural features embedded in the securitization trust beneficial to our class, such as overcollateralization and excess spread.

 

For securities where there is insufficient remaining credit enhancement for the class of securities we own, a recovery value is calculated based on our best estimate of future cash flows specific to that security.  This estimate is based on the contractual principal payments and current interest payments of the securities we own, adjusted for actual cumulative collateral losses incurred to date and the projected additional collateral losses expected to be incurred.  This estimate also takes into consideration additional secondary sources of credit support, such as reliable bond insurance.  For securities without secondary sources of credit support or for which the secondary sources do not fully offset the actual and projected additional collateral losses applied to them, a credit loss is recorded in earnings to the extent amortized cost exceeds recovery value.

 

76.0%, 20.9% and 3.1% of the fair value of our below investment grade Subprime securities with gross unrealized losses were issued with Aaa, Aa and A original ratings and capital structure classifications, respectively.  As described previously, Subprime securities with higher original ratings typically have priority in receiving the principal repayments on the underlying collateral compared to those with lower original ratings.  While the projected cash flow assumptions for our below investment grade Subprime securities with gross unrealized losses have deteriorated since the securities were originated, as reflected by their current credit ratings, these securities continue to retain the payment priority features that existed at the origination of the securitization trust.

 

The following tables show trust-level, class-level and security-specific detailed information for our below investment grade Subprime securities with gross unrealized losses that are not reliably insured, by credit rating.

 

($ in millions)

 

December 31, 2011

 

 

 

With other-than-temporary
impairments recorded in earnings

 

Without other-than-temporary
impairments recorded in earnings

 

 

 

 

 

B

 

Caa or
lower

 

Total

 

Ba

 

B

 

Caa or
lower

 

Total

 

Total

 

Trust-level

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Actual cumulative collateral losses incurred to date (1)

 

16.3

%

17.4

%

17.4

%

3.3

%

7.4

%

11.0

%

7.5

%

n/a

 

Projected additional collateral losses to be incurred (2)

 

39.9

%

40.7

%

40.7

%

30.1

%

33.8

%

39.2

%

34.7

%

n/a

 

Class-level

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average remaining credit enhancement (3)

 

22.2

%

16.4

%

16.8

%

44.5

%

48.4

%

47.6

%

47.0

%

n/a

 

Security-specific

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of positions

 

4

 

48

 

52

 

6

 

11

 

17

 

34

 

86

 

Par value

$

28

$

452

$

480

$

47

$

60

$

59

$

166

$

646

 

Amortized cost

$

21

$

285

$

306

$

47

$

60

$

59

$

166

$

472

 

Fair value

$

15

$

186

$

201

$

34

$

33

$

32

$

99

$

300

 

Gross unrealized losses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

$

(6)

$

(99)

$

(105)

$

(13)

$

(27)

$

(27)

$

(67)

$

(172)

 

12-24 months

$

--

$

--

$

--

$

--

$

--

$

--

$

--

$

--

 

Over 24 months (4)

$

(6)

$

(98)

$

(104)

$

(13)

$

(27)

$

(27)

$

(67)

$

(171)

 

Cumulative write-downs recognized

$

(7)

$

(162)

$

(169)

$

--

$

--

$

--

$

--

$

(169)

 

Principal payments received during the period

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

34

 

 

28



 

 

 

December 31, 2010

 

 

 

With other-than-temporary
impairments recorded in earnings

 

Without other-than-temporary
impairments recorded in earnings

 

 

 

 

 

B

 

Caa or
lower

 

Total

 

Ba

 

B

 

Caa or
lower

 

Total

 

Total

 

Trust-level

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Actual cumulative collateral losses incurred to date

 

14.2

%

15.6

%

15.5

%

12.0

%

12.2

%

10.8

%

11.3

%

n/a

 

Projected additional collateral losses to be incurred

 

38.9

%

41.2

%

41.1

%

44.7

%

42.1

%

38.8

%

40.6

%

n/a

 

Class-level

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average remaining credit enhancement

 

24.5

%

19.2

%

19.5

%

69.9

%

65.3

%

49.0

%

56.4

%

n/a

 

Security-specific

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of positions

 

4

 

55

 

59

 

11

 

7

 

26

 

44

 

103

 

Par value

$

32

$

592

$

624

$

55

$

43

$

152

$

250

$

874

 

Amortized cost

$

27

$

376

$

403

$

55

$

43

$

152

$

250

$

653

 

Fair value

$

17

$

236

$

253

$

45

$

31

$

97

$

173

$

426

 

Gross unrealized losses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

$

(10)

$

(140)

$

(150)

$

(10)

$

(12)

$

(55)

$

(77)

$

(227)

 

12-24 months

$

--

$

(1)

$

(1)

$

--

$

--

$

--

$

--

$

(1)

 

Over 24 months (4)

$

(10)

$

(139)

$

(149)

$

(10)

$

(12)

$

(55)

$

(77)

$

(226)

 

Cumulative write-downs recognized

$

(5)

$

(209)

$

(214)

$

--

$

--

$

--

$

--

$

(214)

 

Principal payments received during the period

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

39

 

 


(1) Weighted average actual cumulative collateral losses incurred to date as of period end are based on the actual principal losses incurred as a percentage of the remaining principal amount of the loans in the trust.  The weighting calculation is based on the par value of each security.  Actual losses on the securities we hold are less than the losses on the underlying collateral as presented in this table.  Actual cumulative realized principal losses on the below investment grade Subprime securities we own, as reported by the trust servicers, were $12 million as of December 31, 2011.

(2) Weighted average projected additional collateral losses to be incurred as of period end are based on our projections of future losses to be incurred by the trust, taking into consideration the actual cumulative collateral losses incurred to date, as a percentage of the remaining principal amount of the loans in the trust.  Our projections are developed internally and customized to our specific holdings and are informed by and benchmarked against credit opinions obtained from third parties, such as industry analysts, nationally recognized credit rating agencies and an RMBS loss modeling advisory service.  Projected additional collateral losses to be incurred are compared to average remaining credit enhancement for each security.  For securities where the projected additional collateral losses exceed remaining credit enhancement, a recovery value is calculated to determine whether impairment losses should be recorded in earnings.  The weighting calculation is based on the par value of each security.

(3) Weighted average remaining credit enhancement as of period end is based on structural subordination and the expected impact of other structural features existing in the securitization trust beneficial to our class and reflects our projection of future principal losses that can occur as a percentage of the remaining principal amount of the loans in the trust before the class of the security we own will incur its first dollar of principal loss.  The weighting calculation is based on the par value of each security.

(4) As of December 31, 2011, $68 million of unrealized losses on securities with other-than-temporary impairments recognized in earnings and $54 million of unrealized losses on securities without other-than-temporary impairments recognized in earnings have been greater than or equal to 20% of those securities’ amortized cost for a period of more than 24 consecutive months.  As of December 31, 2010, $123 million of unrealized losses on securities with other-than-temporary impairments recognized in earnings and $63 million of unrealized losses on securities without other-than-temporary impairments recognized in earnings had been greater than or equal to 20% of those securities’ amortized cost for a period of more than 24 consecutive months.

 

The above tables include information only about below investment grade Subprime securities with gross unrealized losses that are not reliably insured as of each period presented.  As such, the par value and composition of securities included can vary significantly from period to period due to changes in variables such as credit ratings, principal payments, sales, purchases and realized principal losses.

 

As of December 31, 2011, our Subprime securities that are reliably insured include eight below investment grade Subprime securities with a total fair value of $73 million and aggregate gross unrealized losses of $28 million, all of which are rated B.  These securities are insured by one bond insurer rated B that we estimate has sufficient claims paying capacity to service its obligations on these securities.  The securitization trusts from which our securities were issued are currently receiving contractual payments from the bond insurer and considering the combination of expected future payments from the bond insurer and cash flows available from the underlying collateral, we expect the trust to have adequate cash flows to make all contractual payments due to the class of securities we own.  As a result, our security-specific estimates of future cash flows indicate that these securities’ estimated recovery values equal or exceed their amortized cost.  Accordingly, no other-than-temporary impairments have been recognized on these securities.  As of December 31, 2010, our Subprime securities that are reliably insured included nine below investment grade Subprime securities with a total fair value of $64 million and aggregate gross unrealized losses of $56 million.

 

29



 

As of December 31, 2011, our below investment grade Subprime securities with gross unrealized losses that are not reliably insured and without other-than-temporary impairments recorded in earnings had incurred actual cumulative collateral losses of 7.5%.  Our impairment evaluation forecasts more severe assumptions than the trusts are actually experiencing, including a projected weighted average underlying default rate of 50.7% and a projected weighted average loss severity of 69.0%, which resulted in projected additional collateral losses of 34.7%.  As the average remaining credit enhancement for these securities of 47.0% exceeds the projected additional collateral losses of 34.7%, these securities have not been impaired.

 

As of December 31, 2011, our below investment grade Subprime securities with gross unrealized losses that are not reliably insured and with other-than-temporary impairments recorded in earnings had incurred actual cumulative collateral losses of 17.4%.  Our impairment evaluation forecasts more severe assumptions than the trusts are actually experiencing, including a projected weighted average underlying default rate of 53.7% and a projected weighted average loss severity of 77.2%, which resulted in projected additional collateral losses of 40.7%.  As the average remaining credit enhancement for these securities of 16.8% is insufficient to withstand the projected additional collateral losses, we have recognized cumulative write-downs in earnings on the securities as reflected in the table above using our calculated recovery value at the time of impairment.  The current average recovery value of these securities as a percentage of par was 64.3% and exceeded these securities’ current average amortized cost as a percentage of par of 63.6%, which demonstrates our conclusion that the nature of the remaining unrealized loss on these securities is temporary and will reverse over time.  The comparison indicates that recovery value exceeds amortized cost based on a comprehensive evaluation of financial, economic and capital markets assumptions developed for this reporting period.

 

We believe the unrealized losses on our Subprime securities, including those over 24 months, result from the current risk premium on these securities, which should continue to reverse over the securities’ remaining lives, as demonstrated by improved valuations since 2009, primarily in 2010.  We expect to receive our estimated share of contractual principal and interest collections used to determine the securities’ recovery value.  As of December 31, 2011, we do not have the intent to sell and it is not more likely than not we will be required to sell these securities before the recovery of their amortized cost basis.  We believe that our valuation and impairment processes are comprehensive, employ the most current views about collateral and securitization trust financial positions, and demonstrate our recorded impairments and that the remaining unrealized losses on these positions are temporary.

 

Net investment income  The following table presents net investment income for the years ended December 31.

 

($ in millions) 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Fixed income securities

$

2,264

$

2,476

$

2,595

 

Mortgage loans

 

345

 

377

 

488

 

Equity securities

 

7

 

5

 

5

 

Limited partnership interests

 

49

 

21

 

8

 

Short-term investments

 

3

 

3

 

13

 

Other

 

71

 

(16)

 

(39)

 

Investment income, before expense

 

2,739

 

2,866

 

3,070

 

Investment expense

 

(102)

 

(106)

 

(96)

 

Net investment income

$

2,637

$

2,760

$

2,974

 

 

Net investment income decreased 4.5% or$ 123 million in 2011 compared to 2010, after decreasing 7.2% or $214 million in 2010 compared to 2009.  The 2011 decline was primarily due to lower average investment balances which were partially offset by higher yields.  The higher yields are primarily attributable to yield optimization actions including the termination of interest rate swaps during the first quarter of 2011.  The 2010 decrease was primarily due to lower yields, reduced average investment balances and risk reduction actions.

 

30



 

Realized capital gains and losses  The following table presents the components of realized capital gains and losses and the related tax effect for the years ended December 31.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

Impairment write-downs

(242)

(494)

(1,009)

Change in intent write-downs

 

(51)

 

(142)

 

(267)

Net other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in earnings

 

(293)

 

(636)

 

(1,276)

Sales

 

823 

 

215 

 

637 

Valuation of derivative instruments

 

(224)

 

(94)

 

315 

Settlements of derivative instruments

 

22 

 

(31)

 

41 

EMA limited partnership income

 

62 

 

33 

 

(137)

Realized capital gains and losses, pre-tax

 

390 

 

(513)

 

(420)

Income tax (expense) benefit

 

(139)

 

179 

 

11 

Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax

251 

(334)

(409)

 

Impairment write-downs for the years ended December 31 are presented in the following table.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

Fixed income securities

(190)

(403)

(711)

Mortgage loans

 

(33)

 

(65)

 

(96)

Equity securities

 

(5)

 

-- 

 

(23)

Limited partnership interests

 

(3)

 

(23)

 

(148)

Other investments

 

(11)

 

(3)

 

(31)

Impairment write-downs

(242)

(494)

(1,009)

 

Impairment write-downs in 2011 were primarily driven by RMBS, which experienced deterioration in expected cash flows; investments with commercial real estate exposure, including CMBS, mortgage loans and municipal bonds, which were impacted by lower real estate valuations or experienced deterioration in expected cash flows; and corporate fixed income securities impacted by issuer specific circumstances.  Impairment write-downs on below investment grade RMBS and CMBS in 2011 were $92 million and $55 million, respectively.

 

Impairment write-downs in 2010 were primarily driven by investments with commercial real estate exposure, including CMBS, mortgage loans and limited partnership interests, which were impacted by lower real estate valuations or experienced deterioration in expected cash flows; RMBS, which experienced deterioration in expected cash flows; and privately placed corporate bonds impacted by issuer specific circumstances.  Impairment write-downs on below investment grade RMBS, CMBS and ABS were $187 million, $118 million and $29 million, respectively.

 

Change in intent write-downs for the years ended December 31 are presented in the following table.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

Fixed income securities

(51)

(136)

(249)

Mortgage loans

 

-- 

 

(6)

 

(6)

Equity securities

 

-- 

 

-- 

 

(6)

Other investments

 

-- 

 

-- 

 

(6)

Change in intent write-downs

(51)

(142)

(267)

 

The change in intent write-downs in 2011 were primarily a result of ongoing comprehensive reviews of our portfolios resulting in write-downs of individually identified investments, primarily lower yielding, floating rate RMBS and municipal bonds.  The change in intent write-downs in 2010 were primarily a result of ongoing comprehensive reviews of our portfolios resulting in write-downs of individually identified investments, primarily RMBS and municipal bonds.

 

Sales generated $823 million of net realized gains in 2011 primarily due to $779 million of net gains on sales of corporate, foreign government, U.S. government and ABS securities.  During the second half of 2011, interest rates were at historical lows and we capitalized on valuation gains on fixed income securities through $3.79 billion in sales generating $525 million of realized capital gains.  Net realized gains from sales of $215 million in 2010 were primarily due to $321 million of net gains on sales of corporate securities, partially offset by $161 million of net losses on sales of CMBS and municipal bonds.

 

31



 

Valuation and settlements of derivative instruments net realized capital losses totaling $202 million in 2011 included $224 million of losses on the valuation of derivative instruments and $22 million of gains on the settlement of derivative instruments.  The net realized capital losses on derivative instruments in 2011 primarily included losses on interest rate risk management due to decreases in interest rates.  In 2010, net realized capital losses on the valuation and settlement of derivative instruments totaled $125 million.  As a component of our approach to managing interest rate risk, realized gains and losses on certain derivative instruments are most appropriately considered in conjunction with the unrealized gains and losses on the fixed income portfolio.  This approach mitigates the impacts of general interest rate changes to our overall financial condition.

 

MARKET RISK

 

Market risk is the risk that we will incur losses due to adverse changes in interest rates, credit spreads, equity prices or currency exchange rates.  Adverse changes to these rates and prices may occur due to changes in fiscal policy, the economic climate, the liquidity of a market or market segment, insolvency or financial distress of key market makers or participants or changes in market perceptions of credit worthiness and/or risk tolerance.  Our primary market risk exposures are to changes in interest rates, credit spreads and equity prices.

 

The active management of market risk is integral to our results of operations.  We may use the following approaches to manage exposure to market risk within defined tolerance ranges:  1) rebalancing existing asset or liability portfolios, 2) changing the character of investments purchased in the future and 3) using derivative instruments to modify the market risk characteristics of existing assets and liabilities or assets expected to be purchased.  For a more detailed discussion of our use of derivative financial instruments, see Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements.

 

Overview  In formulating and implementing guidelines for investing funds, we seek to earn returns that enhance our ability to offer competitive rates and prices to customers while contributing to attractive and stable profits and long-term capital growth.  Accordingly, our investment decisions and objectives are a function of the underlying risks and product profiles.

 

Investment policies define the overall framework for managing market and other investment risks, including accountability and controls over risk management activities.  These investment policies, which have been approved by our board of directors, specify the investment limits and strategies that are appropriate given our liquidity, surplus, product profile and regulatory requirements.  Executive oversight of investment activities is conducted primarily through our board of directors and investment committee.  Asset-liability management (“ALM”) policies further define the overall framework for managing market and investment risks.  ALM focuses on strategies to enhance yields, mitigate market risks and optimize capital to improve profitability and returns.  ALM activities follow asset-liability policies that have been approved by our board of directors.  These ALM policies specify limits, ranges and/or targets for investments that best meet our business objectives in light of our product liabilities.

 

We manage our exposure to market risk through the use of asset allocation, duration, simulation, and as appropriate, through the use of stress tests.  We have asset allocation limits that place restrictions on the total funds that may be invested within an asset class.  Comprehensive day-to-day management of market risk within defined tolerance ranges occurs as portfolio managers buy and sell within their respective markets based upon the acceptable boundaries established by investment policies.  This day-to-day management is integrated with and informed by the activities of the ALM organization.  This integration is intended to result in a prudent, methodical and effective adjudication of market risk and return, conditioned by the unique demands and dynamics of our product liabilities and supported by the continuous application of advanced risk technology and analytics.

 

Interest rate risk is the risk that we will incur a loss due to adverse changes in interest rates relative to the interest rate characteristics of our interest bearing assets and liabilities.  This risk arises from many of our primary activities, as we invest substantial funds in interest-sensitive assets and issue interest-sensitive liabilities.  Interest rate risk includes risks related to changes in U.S. Treasury yields and other key risk-free reference yields.

 

We manage the interest rate risk in our assets relative to the interest rate risk in our liabilities.  One of the measures used to quantify this exposure is duration.  Duration measures the price sensitivity of the assets and liabilities to changes in interest rates.  For example, if interest rates increase 100 basis points, the fair value of an asset with a duration of 5 is expected to decrease in value by 5%.  To calculate the duration gap between assets and liabilities, we project asset and liability cash flows and calculate their net present value using a risk-free market interest rate adjusted for credit quality, sector attributes, liquidity and other specific risks.  Duration is calculated by revaluing these cash flows at alternative interest rates and determining the percentage change in aggregate fair value.  The cash flows used in this calculation include the expected maturity and repricing characteristics of our derivative financial instruments, all other financial instruments, and certain other items including annuity liabilities and other

 

32



 

interest-sensitive liabilities.  The projections include assumptions (based upon historical market experience and our experience) that reflect the effect of changing interest rates on the prepayment, lapse, leverage and/or option features of instruments, where applicable.  The preceding assumptions relate primarily to mortgage-backed securities, municipal housing bonds, callable municipal and corporate obligations, and fixed rate single and flexible premium deferred annuities.

 

As of December 31, 2011, the difference between our asset and liability duration was a (0.88) gap, compared to a (0.63) gap as of December 31, 2010.  A negative duration gap indicates that the fair value of our liabilities is more sensitive to interest rate movements than the fair value of our assets.

 

We seek to invest premiums, contract charges and deposits to generate future cash flows that will fund future claims, benefits and expenses, and that will earn stable spreads across a wide variety of interest rate and economic scenarios.  To achieve this objective and limit interest rate risk, we adhere to a philosophy of managing the duration of assets and related liabilities within predetermined tolerance levels.  This philosophy is executed using duration targets for fixed income investments in addition to interest rate swaps, futures, forwards, caps, floors and swaptions to reduce the interest rate risk resulting from mismatches between existing assets and liabilities, and financial futures and other derivative instruments to hedge the interest rate risk of anticipated purchases and sales of investments and product sales to customers.

 

Based upon the information and assumptions used in the duration calculation, and interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2011, we estimate that a 100 basis point immediate, parallel increase in interest rates (“rate shock”) would increase the net fair value of the assets and liabilities by $206 million, compared to an increase of $192 million as of December 31, 2010, reflecting year to year changes in duration.  In calculating the impact of a 100 basis point increase on the value of the derivatives, we have assumed interest rate volatility remains constant.  The selection of a 100 basis point immediate, parallel change in interest rates should not be construed as our prediction of future market events, but only as an illustration of the potential effect of such an event.  There are $9.28 billion of assets supporting life insurance products such as traditional and interest-sensitive life that are not financial instruments.  These assets and the associated liabilities have not been included in the above estimate.  The $9.28 billion of assets excluded from the calculation has increased from $8.71 billion as of December 31, 2010, due to an increase in interest-sensitive life contractholder funds and improved fixed income valuations as a result of declining risk-free interest rates and tightening of credit spreads in certain sectors.  Based on assumptions described above, in the event of a 100 basis point immediate increase in interest rates, the assets supporting life insurance products would decrease in value by $594 million, compared to a decrease of $549 million as of December 31, 2010.

 

To the extent that conditions differ from the assumptions we used in these calculations, duration and rate shock measures could be significantly impacted.  Additionally, our calculations assume that the current relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates (the term structure of interest rates) will remain constant over time.  As a result, these calculations may not fully capture the effect of non-parallel changes in the term structure of interest rates and/or large changes in interest rates.

 

We pledge and receive collateral on certain types of derivative contracts.  For over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative transactions, master netting agreements are used.  These agreements allow us to net payments due for transactions covered by the agreements and, when applicable, we are required to post collateral.  As of December 31, 2011, we held $63 million of cash and securities pledged by counterparties as collateral for OTC instruments, and we pledged $76 million of securities as collateral to counterparties.  We performed a sensitivity analysis on OTC derivative collateral by assuming a hypothetical 100 basis point rise in interest rates.  The analysis indicated that we would have to post an estimated $7 million in additional collateral.  The selection of these hypothetical scenarios should not be construed as our prediction of future events, but only as an illustration of the estimated potential effect of such events.  We also actively manage our counterparty credit risk exposure by monitoring the level of collateral posted by our counterparties with respect to our receivable positions.

 

Credit spread risk is the risk that we will incur a loss due to adverse changes in credit spreads (“spreads”).  This risk arises from many of our primary activities, as we invest substantial funds in spread-sensitive fixed income assets.

 

We manage the spread risk in our assets.  One of the measures used to quantify this exposure is spread duration.  Spread duration measures the price sensitivity of the assets to changes in spreads.  For example, if spreads increase 100 basis points, the fair value of an asset exhibiting a spread duration of 5 is expected to decrease in value by 5%.

 

Spread duration is calculated similarly to interest rate duration.  As of December 31, 2011, the spread duration of assets was 5.57, compared to 4.97 as of December 31, 2010.  Based upon the information and assumptions we use in this spread duration calculation, and spreads in effect as of December 31, 2011, we estimate that a 100 basis point

 

33



 

immediate, parallel increase in spreads across all asset classes, industry sectors and credit ratings (“spread shock”) would decrease the net fair value of the assets by $2.60 billion, compared to $2.57 billion as of December 31, 2010.  Reflected in the duration calculation are the effects of our risk mitigation actions that use CDS to manage spread risk.  The selection of a 100 basis point immediate parallel change in spreads should not be construed as our prediction of future market events, but only as an illustration of the potential effect of such an event.

 

Equity price risk is the risk that we will incur losses due to adverse changes in the general levels of the equity markets.  As of December 31, 2011, we held $1.79 billion in securities with equity risk (including primarily limited partnership interests, non-redeemable preferred securities and equity-linked notes), compared to $1.70 billion as of December 31, 2010.

 

As of December 31, 2011, our portfolio of securities with equity risk had a cash market portfolio beta of 0.71, compared to a beta of 0.62 as of December 31, 2010.  Beta represents a widely used methodology to describe, quantitatively, an investment’s market risk characteristics relative to an index such as the S&P 500.  Based on the beta analysis, we estimate that if the S&P 500 increases or decreases by 10%, the fair value of our equity investments will increase or decrease by 7.1%, respectively.  Based upon the information and assumptions we used to calculate beta as of December 31, 2011, we estimate that an immediate decrease in the S&P 500 of 10% would decrease the net fair value of our equity investments identified above by $127 million, compared to $108 million as of December 31, 2010, and an immediate increase in the S&P 500 of 10% would increase the net fair value by $129 million compared to $111 million as of December 31, 2010.  The selection of a 10% immediate decrease or increase in the S&P 500 should not be construed as our prediction of future market events, but only as an illustration of the potential effect of such an event.

 

The beta of our securities with equity risk was determined by calculating the change in the fair value of the portfolio resulting from stressing the equity market up and down 10%.  The illustrations noted above may not reflect our actual experience if the future composition of the portfolio (hence its beta) and correlation relationships differ from the historical relationships.

 

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, we had separate accounts assets related to variable annuity and variable life contracts with account values totaling $6.98 billion and $8.68 billion, respectively.  Equity risk exists for contract charges based on separate account balances and guarantees for death and/or income benefits provided by our variable products.  In 2006, we disposed of substantially all of the variable annuity business through reinsurance agreements with The Prudential Insurance Company of America, a subsidiary of Prudential Financial Inc. and therefore mitigated this aspect of our risk.  Equity risk for our variable life business relates to contract charges and policyholder benefits.  Total variable life contract charges for 2011 and 2010 were $76 million and $80 million, respectively.  Separate account liabilities related to variable life contracts were $716 million and $775 million in December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010 we had $3.86 billion and $4.70 billion, respectively, in equity-indexed annuity liabilities that provide customers with interest crediting rates based on the performance of the S&P 500.  We hedge the majority of the risk associated with these liabilities using equity-indexed options and futures and eurodollar futures, maintaining risk within specified value-at-risk limits.

 

Foreign currency exchange rate risk is the risk that we will incur economic losses due to adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates.  This risk primarily arises from our foreign investments in limited partnership interests.  We also have certain fixed income securities that are denominated in foreign currencies; however, derivatives are used to hedge the foreign currency risk of approximately 96% of the fixed income securities.  As of December 31, 2011, we had $160 million in foreign currency denominated investments.  This amount was $243 million as of December 31, 2010.

 

Based upon the information and assumptions used as of December 31, 2011, we estimate that a 10% immediate unfavorable change in each of the foreign currency exchange rates to which we are exposed would decrease the value of our foreign currency denominated instruments by $16 million, compared with an estimated $24 million decrease as of December 31, 2010.  The selection of a 10% immediate decrease in all currency exchange rates should not be construed as our prediction of future market events, but only as an illustration of the potential effect of such an event.  Our currency exposure is diversified across 6 currencies as of December 31, 2011, compared to 11 currencies as of December 31, 2010.  Our largest individual foreign currency exposures as of December 31, 2011 were to the Euro (72.3%) and the Canadian dollar (20.1%).  The largest individual foreign currency exposures as of December 31, 2010 were to the British Pound (22.9%) and the Euro (16.9%).  Our primary regional exposure is to Western Europe, with 74.4% as of December 31, 2011, compared to 65.3% as of December 31, 2010.

 

34



 

The modeling technique we use to report our currency exposure does not take into account correlation among foreign currency exchange rates.  Even though we believe it is very unlikely that all of the foreign currency exchange rates that we are exposed to would simultaneously decrease by 10%, we nonetheless stress test our portfolio under this and other hypothetical extreme adverse market scenarios.  Our actual experience may differ from these results because of assumptions we have used or because significant liquidity and market events could occur that we did not foresee.

 

CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

 

Capital resources consist of shareholder’s equity and notes due to related parties, representing funds deployed or available to be deployed to support business operations.  The following table summarizes our capital resources as of December 31.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

Common stock, retained income and additional capital paid-in

5,255

4,781

4,849

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

 

812

 

538

 

(889)

Total shareholder’s equity

 

6,067

 

5,319

 

3,960

Notes due to related parties

 

700

 

677

 

675

Total capital resources

 

6,767

5,996

4,635

 

Shareholder’s equity increased in 2011, primarily due to net income and increased unrealized net capital gains on investments.  Shareholder’s equity increased in 2010, primarily due to unrealized net capital gains on investments, partially offset by a net loss.

 

Notes due to related parties increased $23 million in 2011 compared to December 31, 2010 and $2 million in 2010 compared to December 31, 2009.  See Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for further detail.

 

Financial ratings and strength  The following table summarizes our financial strength ratings as of December 31, 2011.

 

 

Rating agency

Rating

 

A.M. Best Company, Inc.

A+ (“Superior”)

 

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services

A+ (“Strong”)

 

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.

A1 (“Good”)

 

Our ratings are influenced by many factors including our operating and financial performance, asset quality, liquidity, asset/liability management, overall portfolio mix, financial leverage (i.e., debt), exposure to risks, the current level of operating leverage and AIC’s ratings.

 

On January 26, 2012, A.M. Best affirmed our financial strength rating of A+ and the outlook for the rating was revised to stable from negative.  On November 2, 2011, S&P affirmed our financial strength rating of A+ and the outlook for the rating was revised to negative from stable.  On November 8, 2011, Moody’s affirmed our financial strength rating of A1 and the outlook for the rating was revised to negative from stable.

 

The Company, AIC and the Corporation are party to the Amended and Restated Intercompany Liquidity Agreement (“Liquidity Agreement”) which allows for short-term advances of funds to be made between parties for liquidity and other general corporate purposes.  The Liquidity Agreement does not establish a commitment to advance funds on the part of any party.  The Company and AIC each serve as a lender and borrower and the Corporation serves only as a lender.  The Company also has a capital support agreement with AIC.  Under the capital support agreement, AIC is committed to provide capital to the Company to maintain an adequate capital level.  The maximum amount of potential funding under each of these agreements is $1.00 billion.

 

In addition to the Liquidity Agreement, the Company also has an intercompany loan agreement with the Corporation.  The amount of intercompany loans available to the Company is at the discretion of the Corporation.  The maximum amount of loans the Corporation will have outstanding to all its eligible subsidiaries at any given point in time is limited to $1.00 billion.  The Corporation may use commercial paper borrowings, bank lines of credit and securities lending to fund intercompany borrowings.

 

ALIC and its life insurance subsidiaries prepare their statutory-basis financial statements in conformity with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the insurance department of the applicable state of domicile.  Statutory surplus is a measure that is often used as a basis for determining dividend paying capacity, operating

 

35



 

leverage and premium growth capacity, and it is also reviewed by rating agencies in determining their ratings.  As of December 31, 2011, ALIC’s statutory surplus is $3.46 billion compared to $3.34 billion as of December 31, 2010.

 

State laws specify regulatory actions if an insurer’s risk-based capital (“RBC”), a measure of an insurer’s solvency, falls below certain levels.  The NAIC has a standard formula for annually assessing RBC.  The formula for calculating RBC for life insurance companies takes into account factors relating to insurance, business, asset and interest rate risks.  As of December 31, 2011, the RBC for each of our insurance companies was within the range that we target.

 

The NAIC has also developed a set of financial relationships or tests known as the Insurance Regulatory Information System to assist state regulators in monitoring the financial condition of insurance companies and identifying companies that require special attention or actions by insurance regulatory authorities.  The NAIC analyzes financial data provided by insurance companies using prescribed ratios, each with defined “usual ranges”.  Generally, regulators will begin to monitor an insurance company if its ratios fall outside the usual ranges for four or more of the ratios.  If an insurance company has insufficient capital, regulators may act to reduce the amount of insurance it can issue.  The ratios of our insurance companies are within these ranges.

 

Liquidity sources and uses  Our potential sources of funds principally include the activities as follows.

 

·                  Receipt of insurance premiums

·                  Contractholder fund deposits

·                  Reinsurance recoveries

·                  Receipts of principal, interest and dividends on investments

·                  Sales of investments

·                  Funds from securities lending and line of credit agreements

·                  Intercompany loans

·                  Capital contributions from parent

·                  Tax refunds/settlements

 

Our potential uses of funds principally include the activities as follows.

 

·                  Payment of contract benefits, maturities, surrenders and withdrawals

·                  Reinsurance cessions and payments

·                  Operating costs and expenses

·                  Purchase of investments

·                  Repayment of securities lending and line of credit agreements

·                  Payment or repayment of intercompany loans

·                  Dividends to parent

·                  Tax payments/settlements

·                  Debt service expenses and repayment

 

We actively manage our financial position and liquidity levels in light of changing market, economic, and business conditions.  Liquidity is assessed on both base and stressed level liquidity needs.  We believe we have sufficient liquidity to meet these needs.  Additionally, we have existing intercompany agreements in place that facilitate liquidity management across the Corporation to enhance flexibility.

 

Allstate parent holding company capital capacity The Corporation has at the parent holding company level, deployable invested assets totaling $2.24 billion as of December 31, 2011.  These assets include investments that are generally saleable within one quarter totaling $1.72 billion.  The substantial earnings capacity of the operating subsidiaries is the primary source of capital generation for the Corporation.  In 2012, AIC will have the capacity to pay dividends of $1.51 billion without prior regulatory approval.  In addition, the Corporation has access to $1.00 billion of funds from either commercial paper issuance or an unsecured revolving credit facility.  This provides capital for the parent company’s relatively low fixed charges and other corporate purposes.

 

There were no capital contributions received in 2011 or 2010.  In 2009, capital contributions were received in cash from AIC totaling $697 million.

 

The Company has access to additional borrowing to support liquidity through the Corporation as follows:

 

·                  A commercial paper facility with a borrowing limit of $1.00 billion to cover short-term cash needs.  As of December 31, 2011, there were no balances outstanding and therefore the remaining borrowing capacity was $1.00 billion; however, the outstanding balance can fluctuate daily.

 

36



 

·                  A primary credit facility is available for short-term liquidity requirements and backs a commercial paper facility.  The $1.00 billion unsecured revolving credit facility has an initial term of five years expiring in May 2012.  The facility is fully subscribed among 11 lenders with the largest commitment being $185 million.  The Corporation has the option to extend the expiration by one year upon approval of existing or replacement lenders providing more than two-thirds of the commitments to lend.  The commitments of the lenders are several and no lender is responsible for any other lender’s commitment if such lender fails to make a loan under the facility.  This facility contains an increase provision that would allow up to an additional $500 million of borrowing provided the increased portion could be fully syndicated at a later date among existing or new lenders.  This facility has a financial covenant requiring that the Corporation not exceed a 37.5% debt to capital resources ratio as defined in the agreement.  This ratio as of December 31, 2011 was 20.3%.  Although the right to borrow under the facility is not subject to a minimum rating requirement, the costs of maintaining the facility and borrowing under it are based on the ratings of the Corporation’s senior, unsecured, nonguaranteed long-term debt.  There were no borrowings under the credit facility during 2011.  The total amount outstanding at any point in time under the combination of the commercial paper program and the credit facility cannot exceed the amount that can be borrowed under the credit facility.

 

·                  A universal shelf registration statement was filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 8, 2009.  The Corporation can use this shelf registration to issue an unspecified amount of debt securities, common stock (including 399 million shares of treasury stock as of December 31, 2011), preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, stock purchase contracts, stock purchase units and securities of trust subsidiaries.  The specific terms of any securities the Corporation issues under this registration statement will be provided in the applicable prospectus supplements.

 

Liquidity exposure  Contractholder funds as of December 31, 2011 were $41.67 billion.  The following table summarizes contractholder funds by their contractual withdrawal provisions as of December 31, 2011.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Percent to

($ in millions)

 

 

 

 

total

Not subject to discretionary withdrawal

6,023

 

 

14.5

%

Subject to discretionary withdrawal with adjustments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Specified surrender charges (1)

 

15,935

 

 

38.2

 

Market value adjustments (2)

 

6,435

 

 

15.4

 

Subject to discretionary withdrawal without adjustments (3)

 

13,276

 

 

31.9

 

Total contractholder funds (4)

41,669

 

 

100.0

%

 


(1)

Includes $8.70 billion of liabilities with a contractual surrender charge of less than 5% of the account balance.

(2)

$5.28 billion of the contracts with market value adjusted surrenders have a 30-45 day period at the end of their initial and subsequent interest rate guarantee periods (which are typically 5 or 6 years) during which there is no surrender charge or market value adjustment.

(3)

70% of these contracts have a minimum interest crediting rate guarantee of 3% or higher.

(4)

Includes $1.16 billion of contractholder funds on variable annuities reinsured to The Prudential Insurance Company of America, a subsidiary of Prudential Financial Inc., in 2006.

 

While we are able to quantify remaining scheduled maturities for our institutional products, anticipating retail product surrenders is less precise.  Retail life and annuity products may be surrendered by customers for a variety of reasons.  Reasons unique to individual customers include a current or unexpected need for cash or a change in life insurance coverage needs.  Other key factors that may impact the likelihood of customer surrender include the level of the contract surrender charge, the length of time the contract has been in force, distribution channel, market interest rates, equity market conditions and potential tax implications.  In addition, the propensity for retail life insurance policies to lapse is lower than it is for fixed annuities because of the need for the insured to be re-underwritten upon policy replacement.  Surrenders and partial withdrawals for our retail annuities increased 21.9% in 2011 compared to 2010.  The annualized surrender and partial withdrawal rate on deferred annuities and interest-sensitive life insurance products, based on the beginning of year contractholder funds, was 12.7% and 10.2% in 2011 and 2010, respectively.  We strive to promptly pay customers who request cash surrenders; however, statutory regulations generally provide up to six months in most states to fulfill surrender requests.

 

Our institutional products are primarily funding agreements sold to unaffiliated trusts used to back medium-term notes.  As of December 31, 2011, total institutional products outstanding were $1.88 billion, with scheduled maturities of $40 million, $1.75 billion and $85 million in 2012, 2013 and 2016, respectively.

 

37



 

Our asset-liability management practices limit the differences between the cash flows generated by our investment portfolio and the expected cash flow requirements of our life insurance, annuity and institutional product obligations.

 

Certain remote events and circumstances could constrain our, the Corporation’s or AIC’s liquidity.  Those events and circumstances include, for example, a catastrophe resulting in extraordinary losses, a downgrade in the Corporation’s long-term debt rating of A3, A- and a- (from Moody’s, S&P and A.M. Best, respectively) to non-investment grade status of below Baa3/BBB-/bb, a downgrade in AIC’s financial strength rating from Aa3, AA- and A+ (from Moody’s, S&P and A.M. Best, respectively) to below Baa2/BBB/A-, or a downgrade in our financial strength ratings from A1, A+ and A+ (from Moody’s, S&P and A.M. Best, respectively) to below A3/A-/A-.  The rating agencies also consider the interdependence of our individually rated entities; therefore, a rating change in one entity could potentially affect the ratings of other related entities.

 

Cash flows  As reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, lower cash provided by operating cash flows in 2011 was primarily due to income tax payments in 2011 compared to income tax refunds in 2010.  Operating cash flows in 2010 were higher than 2009 as higher premiums and tax refunds received were partially offset by lower investment income and higher contract benefits paid.

 

Higher cash provided by investing activities in 2011 compared to 2010 were impacted by lower net purchases of fixed income securities and higher net sales of fixed income securities used to fund reductions in contractholder fund liabilities.  Cash flows provided by investing activities in 2010 were impacted by reductions of investments to fund reductions in contractholder fund liabilities

 

Higher cash used in financing activities in 2011 compared to 2010 was primarily due to higher surrenders and partial withdrawals on fixed annuities and lower deposits on fixed annuities, partially offset by decreased maturities and retirements of institutional products.  Lower cash used in financing activities in 2010 compared to 2009 were primarily due to decreased maturities and retirements of institutional products, partially offset by lower deposits on fixed annuities.  For quantification of the changes in contractholder funds, see the Operations section of the MD&A.

 

Contractual obligations and commitments  Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2011 and the payments due by period are shown in the following table.

 

 

($ in millions)

 

Total

 

Less than
1 year

 

1-3 years

 

4-5 years

 

Over 5
years

 

Liabilities for collateral (1)

 

$

263

 

$

263

 

$

--

 

$

--

 

$

--

 

Contractholder funds (2)

 

54,073

 

6,681

 

12,633

 

7,484

 

27,275

 

Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits (2)

 

32,827

 

921

 

1,804

 

1,771

 

28,331

 

Notes due to related parties (3)

 

1,558

 

44

 

89

 

90

 

1,335

 

Payable to affiliates, net

 

97

 

97

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Other liabilities and accrued expenses (4)(5)

 

646

 

530

 

94

 

10

 

12

 

Total contractual cash obligations

 

$

 

89,464

 

$

 

8,536

 

$

 

14,620

 

$

 

9,355

 

$

 

56,953

 

 


 

(1)

Liabilities for collateral are typically fully secured with cash or short-term investments.  We manage our short-term liquidity position to ensure the availability of a sufficient amount of liquid assets to extinguish short-term liabilities as they come due in the normal course of business, including utilizing potential sources of liquidity as disclosed previously.

 

(2)

Contractholder funds represent interest-bearing liabilities arising from the sale of products such as interest-sensitive life, fixed annuities, including immediate annuities without life contingencies, and institutional products.  The reserve for life-contingent contract benefits relates primarily to traditional life insurance, immediate annuities with life contingencies and voluntary accident and health insurance.  These amounts reflect the present value of estimated cash payments to be made to contractholders and policyholders.  Certain of these contracts, such as immediate annuities without life contingencies and institutional products, involve payment obligations where the amount and timing of the payment is essentially fixed and determinable.  These amounts relate to (i) policies or contracts where we are currently making payments and will continue to do so and (ii) contracts where the timing of a portion or all of the payments has been determined by the contract.  Other contracts, such as interest-sensitive life, fixed deferred annuities, traditional life insurance, immediate annuities with life contingencies and voluntary accident and health insurance, involve payment obligations where a portion or all of the amount and timing of future payments is uncertain.  For these contracts, we are not currently making payments and will not make payments until (i) the occurrence of an insurable event such as death or illness or (ii) the occurrence of a payment triggering event such as the surrender or partial withdrawal on a policy or deposit contract, which is outside of our control.  We have estimated the timing of payments related to these contracts based on historical experience and our expectation of future payment patterns.  Uncertainties relating to these liabilities include mortality, morbidity, expenses, customer lapse and withdrawal activity, estimated additional deposits for interest-sensitive life contracts, and renewal premium for life policies, which may significantly impact both the timing and amount of future payments.  Such cash outflows reflect adjustments for the estimated timing of mortality, retirement, and other appropriate factors, but are undiscounted with respect to interest.  As a result, the sum of the cash outflows shown for all years in the table exceeds the corresponding liabilities of $41.67 billion for contractholder funds and $13.67 billion for reserve for life-contingent contract benefits as included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, 2011.  The liability amount in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position reflects the discounting for interest as well as adjustments for the timing of other factors as described above.

 

38



 

 

(3)

Amount differs from the balance presented on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, 2011 because the notes due to related parties amount above includes interest.

 

(4)

Other liabilities primarily include accrued expenses, claim payments and other checks outstanding.

 

(5)

Balance sheet liabilities not included in the table above include unearned and advance premiums of $31 million and gross deferred tax liabilities of $1.01 billion.  These items were excluded as they do not meet the definition of a contractual liability as we are not contractually obligated to pay these amounts to third parties.  Rather, they represent an accounting mechanism that allows us to present our financial statements on an accrual basis.  In addition, other liabilities of $221 million were not included in the table above because they did not represent a contractual obligation or the amount and timing of their eventual payment was sufficiently uncertain.

 

Our contractual commitments as of December 31, 2011 and the periods in which the commitments expire are shown in the following table.

 

($ in millions)

 

Total

 

Less than
1 year

 

1-3 
years

 

4-5 
years

 

Over 5 
years

 

Other commitments – conditional

$

126

$

95

$

--

$

1

$

30

 

Other commitments – unconditional

 

797

 

121

 

215

 

370

 

91

 

Total commitments

$

923

$

216

$

215

$

371

$

121

 

 

Contractual commitments represent investment commitments such as private placements, limited partnership interests and other loans.

 

We have agreements in place for services we conduct, generally at cost, between subsidiaries relating to insurance, reinsurance, loans and capitalization.  All material intercompany transactions have appropriately been eliminated in consolidation.  Intercompany transactions among insurance subsidiaries and affiliates have been approved by the appropriate departments of insurance as required.

 

For a more detailed discussion of our off-balance sheet arrangements, see Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements.

 

REGULATION AND LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

We are subject to extensive regulation and we are involved in various legal and regulatory actions, all of which have an effect on specific aspects of our business.  For a detailed discussion of the legal and regulatory actions in which we are involved, see Note 11 of the consolidated financial statements.

 

PENDING ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

 

There are several pending accounting standards that we have not implemented either because the standard has not been finalized or the implementation date has not yet occurred.  For a discussion of these pending standards, see Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements.

 

The effect of implementing certain accounting standards on our financial results and financial condition is often based in part on market conditions at the time of implementation of the standard and other factors we are unable to determine prior to implementation.  For this reason, we are sometimes unable to estimate the effect of certain pending accounting standards until the relevant authoritative body finalizes these standards or until we implement them.

 

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

Information required for Item 7A is incorporated by reference to the material under the caption “Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7 of this report.

 

39


 


 

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 

ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

($ in millions)

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenues

 

 

 

 

 

 

Premiums (net of reinsurance ceded of $447, $485 and $528)

$

624

$

592

$

581

Contract charges (net of reinsurance ceded of $283, $291 and $278)

 

1,008

 

991

 

952

Net investment income

 

2,637

 

2,760

 

2,974

Realized capital gains and losses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total other-than-temporary impairment losses

 

(279)

 

(591)

 

(1,592)

Portion of loss recognized in other comprehensive income

 

(14)

 

(45)

 

316

Net other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in earnings

 

(293)

 

(636)

 

(1,276)

Sales and other realized capital gains and losses

 

683

 

123

 

856

Total realized capital gains and losses

 

390

 

(513)

 

(420)

 

 

4,659

 

3,830

 

4,087

Costs and expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contract benefits (net of reinsurance ceded of $631, $673 and $601)

 

1,502

 

1,496

 

1,402

Interest credited to contractholder funds (net of reinsurance ceded of $27, $32 and $32)

 

1,608

 

1,764

 

2,076

Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs

 

430

 

220

 

761

Operating costs and expenses

 

394

 

408

 

405

Restructuring and related charges

 

1

 

(3)

 

24

Interest expense

 

45

 

44

 

42

 

 

3,980

 

3,929

 

4,710

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gain on disposition of operations

 

15

 

14

 

15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income (loss) from operations before income tax expense (benefit)

 

694

 

(85)

 

(608)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income tax expense (benefit)

 

225

 

(45)

 

(94)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

 

469

 

(40)

 

(514)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income, after-tax

 

 

 

 

 

 

Change in unrealized net capital gains and losses

 

275

 

1,408

 

1,877

Change in unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments

 

(1)

 

--

 

--

Other comprehensive income, after-tax

 

274

 

1,408

 

1,877

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

$

743

$

1,368

$

1,363

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

40



 

ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

 

($ in millions, except par value data)

 

December 31,

 

 

2011

 

2010

Assets

 

 

 

 

Investments

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities, at fair value (amortized cost $43,481 and $47,486)

$

45,428

$

48,214

Mortgage loans

 

6,546

 

6,553

Equity securities, at fair value (cost $143 and $164)

 

179

 

211

Limited partnership interests

 

1,612

 

1,272

Short-term, at fair value (amortized cost $593 and $1,257)

 

593

 

1,257

Policy loans

 

833

 

841

Other

 

1,086

 

1,094

Total investments

 

56,277

 

59,442

Cash

 

310

 

118

Deferred policy acquisition costs

 

2,165

 

2,526

Reinsurance recoverables

 

4,457

 

4,277

Accrued investment income

 

520

 

522

Other assets

 

406

 

420

Separate Accounts

 

6,984

 

8,676

Total assets

$

71,119

$

75,981

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

Contractholder funds

$

41,669

$

46,458

Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits

 

13,666

 

12,720

Unearned premiums

 

23

 

27

Payable to affiliates, net

 

97

 

118

Other liabilities and accrued expenses

 

1,092

 

1,511

Deferred income taxes

 

821

 

475

Notes due to related parties

 

700

 

677

Separate Accounts

 

6,984

 

8,676

Total liabilities

 

65,052

 

70,662

 

 

 

 

 

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 7 and 11)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shareholder’s Equity

 

 

 

 

Redeemable preferred stock - series A, $100 par value, 1,500,000 shares authorized, none issued

 

--

 

--

Redeemable preferred stock - series B, $100 par value, 1,500,000 shares authorized, none issued

 

--

 

--

Common stock, $227 par value, 23,800 shares authorized and outstanding

 

5

 

5

Additional capital paid-in

 

3,190

 

3,189

Retained income

 

2,060

 

1,587

Accumulated other comprehensive income:

 

 

 

 

Unrealized net capital gains and losses:

 

 

 

 

Unrealized net capital losses on fixed income securities with OTTI

 

(103)

 

(100)

Other unrealized net capital gains and losses

 

1,380

 

587

Unrealized adjustment to DAC, DSI and insurance reserves

 

(464)

 

51

Total unrealized net capital gains and losses

 

813

 

538

Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments

 

(1)

 

--

Total accumulated other comprehensive income

 

812

 

538

Total shareholder’s equity

 

6,067

 

5,319

Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity

$

71,119

$

75,981

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

41



 

ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY

 

($ in millions)

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock

$

5

$

5

$

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Additional capital paid-in

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, beginning of year

 

3,189

 

3,189

 

2,475

Gain on purchase of investments from affiliate (see Note 4)

 

1

 

--

 

--

Capital contributions

 

--

 

--

 

697

Forgiveness of payable due to parent (see Note 4)

 

--

 

--

 

17

Balance, end of year

 

3,190

 

3,189

 

3,189

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Retained income

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, beginning of year

 

1,587

 

1,655

 

1,710

Net income (loss)

 

469

 

(40)

 

(514)

Forgiveness of payable due to parent (see Note 4)

 

4

 

--

 

5

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

 

--

 

(28)

 

490

Loss on transfers of investments to/from parent (see Note 4)

 

--

 

--

 

(36)

Balance, end of year

 

2,060

 

1,587

 

1,655

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, beginning of year

 

538

 

(889)

 

(2,419)

Change in unrealized net capital gains and losses

 

275

 

1,408

 

1,877

Change in unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments

 

(1)

 

--

 

--

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

 

--

 

19

 

(347)

Balance, end of year

 

812

 

538

 

(889)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total shareholder’s equity

$

6,067

$

5,319

$

3,960

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

42



 

ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

($ in millions)

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from operating activities

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

$

469

$

(40)

$

(514)

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amortization and other non-cash items

 

(61)

 

(144)

 

(277)

Realized capital gains and losses

 

(390)

 

513

 

420

Gain on disposition of operations

 

(15)

 

(14)

 

(15)

Interest credited to contractholder funds

 

1,608

 

1,764

 

2,076

Changes in:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Policy benefit and other insurance reserves

 

(568)

 

(343)

 

(446)

Unearned premiums

 

(4)

 

(3)

 

(2)

Deferred policy acquisition costs

 

189

 

(84)

 

442

Reinsurance recoverables, net

 

(259)

 

(365)

 

(236)

Income taxes

 

164

 

594

 

430

Other operating assets and liabilities

 

(46)

 

74

 

(29)

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

1,087

 

1,952

 

1,849

Cash flows from investing activities

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from sales

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities

 

11,490

 

10,666

 

13,621

Equity securities

 

70

 

92

 

35

Limited partnership interests

 

175

 

110

 

78

Mortgage loans

 

97

 

112

 

335

Other investments

 

153

 

82

 

485

Investment collections

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities

 

3,072

 

2,800

 

3,652

Mortgage loans

 

692

 

1,051

 

1,695

Other investments

 

93

 

109

 

105

Investment purchases

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities

 

(10,002)

 

(11,361)

 

(16,720)

Equity securities

 

(14)

 

(54)

 

(102)

Limited partnership interests

 

(397)

 

(276)

 

(209)

Mortgage loans

 

(820)

 

(98)

 

(18)

Other investments

 

(340)

 

(133)

 

(26)

Change in short-term investments, net

 

463

 

266

 

2,275

Change in other investments, net

 

(280)

 

(159)

 

(193)

Net cash provided by investing activities

 

4,452

 

3,207

 

5,013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contractholder fund deposits

 

1,871

 

2,343

 

3,340

Contractholder fund withdrawals

 

(7,218)

 

(7,525)

 

(10,400)

Repayment of note due to related party

 

--

 

(4)

 

--

Capital contributions

 

--

 

--

 

250

Net cash used in financing activities

 

(5,347)

 

(5,186)

 

(6,810)

Net increase (decrease) in cash

 

192

 

(27)

 

52

Cash at beginning of year

 

118

 

145

 

93

Cash at end of year

$

310

$

118

$

145

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

43



 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

1.  General

 

Basis of presentation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Allstate Life Insurance Company (“ALIC”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”).  ALIC is wholly owned by Allstate Insurance Company (“AIC”), which is wholly owned by Allstate Insurance Holdings, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Allstate Corporation (the “Corporation”).  These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).  All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Nature of operations

 

The Company sells life insurance, retirement and investment products and voluntary accident and health insurance.  The principal individual products are interest-sensitive, traditional and variable life insurance, and fixed annuities including deferred and immediate.  The institutional product line, which the Company most recently offered in 2008, consists primarily of funding agreements sold to unaffiliated trusts that use them to back medium-term notes issued to institutional and individual investors.  The following table summarizes premiums and contract charges by product.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Premiums

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Traditional life insurance

$

420

$

399

$

387

 

Immediate annuities with life contingencies

 

106

 

97

 

102

 

Accident and health insurance

 

98

 

96

 

92

 

Total premiums

 

624

 

592

 

581

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contract charges

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest-sensitive life insurance

 

975

 

952

 

907

 

Fixed annuities

 

33

 

39

 

45

 

Total contract charges

 

1,008

 

991

 

952

 

Total premiums and contract charges

$

1,632

$

1,583

$

1,533

 

 

The Company, through several subsidiaries, is authorized to sell life insurance and retirement products in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam.  For 2011, the top geographic locations for statutory premiums and annuity considerations were California, Nebraska, Texas, Florida and New York.  No other jurisdiction accounted for more than 5% of statutory premiums and annuity considerations.  The Company distributes its products to individuals through multiple distribution channels, including Allstate exclusive agencies and exclusive financial specialists, independent agents (including master brokerage agencies), specialized structured settlement brokers and directly through call centers and the internet.

 

The Company has exposure to market risk as a result of its investment portfolio.  Market risk is the risk that the Company will incur realized and unrealized net capital losses due to adverse changes in interest rates, credit spreads, equity prices or currency exchange rates.  The Company’s primary market risk exposures are to changes in interest rates, credit spreads and equity prices.  Interest rate risk is the risk that the Company will incur a loss due to adverse changes in interest rates relative to the interest rate characteristics of its interest bearing assets and liabilities.  This risk arises from many of the Company’s primary activities, as it invests substantial funds in interest-sensitive assets and issues interest-sensitive liabilities.  Interest rate risk includes risks related to changes in U.S. Treasury yields and other key risk-free reference yields.  Credit spread risk is the risk that the Company will incur a loss due to adverse changes in credit spreads.  This risk arises from many of the Company’s primary activities, as the Company invests substantial funds in spread-sensitive fixed income assets.  Equity price risk is the risk that the Company will incur losses due to adverse changes in the general levels of the equity markets.

 

The Company monitors economic and regulatory developments that have the potential to impact its business.  Federal and state laws and regulations affect the taxation of insurance companies and life insurance and annuity products.  Congress and various state legislatures from time to time consider legislation that would reduce or

 

44



 

eliminate the favorable policyholder tax treatment currently applicable to life insurance and annuities.  Congress and various state legislatures also consider proposals to reduce the taxation of certain products or investments that may compete with life insurance or annuities.  Legislation that increases the taxation on insurance products or reduces the taxation on competing products could lessen the advantage or create a disadvantage for certain of the Company’s products making them less competitive.  Such proposals, if adopted, could have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or ability to sell such products and could result in the surrender of some existing contracts and policies.  In addition, changes in the federal estate tax laws could negatively affect the demand for the types of life insurance used in estate planning.

 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Investments

 

Fixed income securities include bonds, residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and redeemable preferred stocks.  Fixed income securities, which may be sold prior to their contractual maturity, are designated as available for sale and are carried at fair value.  The difference between amortized cost and fair value, net of deferred income taxes, certain deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”), certain deferred sales inducement costs (“DSI”) and certain reserves for life-contingent contract benefits, is reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.  Cash received from calls, principal payments and make-whole payments is reflected as a component of proceeds from sales and cash received from maturities and pay-downs, including prepayments, is reflected as a component of investment collections within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

 

Mortgage loans are carried at outstanding principal balances, net of unamortized premium or discount and valuation allowances.  Valuation allowances are established for impaired loans when it is probable that contractual principal and interest will not be collected.

 

Equity securities primarily include common stocks, exchange traded and mutual funds, non-redeemable preferred stocks and real estate investment trust equity investments.  Equity securities are designated as available for sale and are carried at fair value.  The difference between cost and fair value, net of deferred income taxes, is reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

 

Investments in limited partnership interests, including interests in private equity/debt funds, real estate funds, hedge funds and tax credit funds, where the Company’s interest is so minor that it exercises virtually no influence over operating and financial policies are accounted for in accordance with the cost method of accounting; all other investments in limited partnership interests are accounted for in accordance with the equity method of accounting (“EMA”).

 

Short-term investments, including money market funds, commercial paper and other short-term investments, are carried at fair value.  Policy loans are carried at unpaid principal balances.  Other investments primarily consist of bank loans, derivatives and notes due from related party.  Bank loans are primarily senior secured corporate loans and are carried at amortized cost.  Derivatives are carried at fair value.  Notes due from related party are carried at outstanding principal balances.

 

Investment income primarily consists of interest, dividends, income from cost method limited partnership interests and income from certain derivative transactions.  Interest is recognized on an accrual basis using the effective yield method and dividends are recorded at the ex-dividend date.  Interest income for certain RMBS, CMBS and ABS is determined considering estimated pay-downs, including prepayments, obtained from third party data sources and internal estimates.  Actual prepayment experience is periodically reviewed and effective yields are recalculated when differences arise between the prepayments originally anticipated and the actual prepayments received and currently anticipated.  For beneficial interests in securitized financial assets not of high credit quality, the effective yield is recalculated on a prospective basis.  For other RMBS, CMBS and ABS, the effective yield is recalculated on a retrospective basis.  For other-than-temporarily impaired fixed income securities, the effective yield method utilizes the difference between the amortized cost basis at impairment and the cash flows expected to be collected.  Accrual of income is suspended for other-than-temporarily impaired fixed income securities when the timing and amount of cash flows expected to be received is not reasonably estimable.  Accrual of income is suspended for mortgage loans and bank loans that are in default or when full and timely collection of principal and interest payments is not probable.  Cash receipts on investments on nonaccrual status are generally recorded as a

 

45



 

reduction of carrying value.  Income from cost method limited partnership interests is recognized upon receipt of amounts distributed by the partnerships.

 

Realized capital gains and losses include gains and losses on investment sales, write-downs in value due to other-than-temporary declines in fair value, adjustments to valuation allowances on mortgage loans, periodic changes in fair value and settlements of certain derivatives including hedge ineffectiveness, and income from EMA limited partnership interests.  Realized capital gains and losses on investment sales, including calls and principal payments, are determined on a specific identification basis.  Income from EMA limited partnership interests is recognized based on the Company’s share of the earnings of the partnerships, and is recognized on a delay due to the availability of the related financial statements.  Income recognition on hedge funds is generally on a one month delay and income recognition on private equity/debt funds, real estate funds and tax credit funds is generally on a three month delay.

 

The Company recognizes other-than-temporary impairment losses on fixed income securities in earnings when a security’s fair value is less than its amortized cost and the Company has made the decision to sell or it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the fixed income security before recovery of its amortized cost basis.  Additionally, if the Company does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the fixed income security, the credit loss component of the impairment is recorded in earnings, with the remaining amount of the unrealized loss related to other factors recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”).  The Company recognizes other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity securities in earnings when the decline in fair value is considered other than temporary including when the Company does not have the intent and ability to hold the equity security for a period of time sufficient to recover its cost basis.

 

Derivative and embedded derivative financial instruments

 

Derivative financial instruments include interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, futures (interest rate and equity), options (including swaptions), interest rate caps and floors, warrants, foreign currency swaps and certain investment risk transfer reinsurance agreements.  Derivatives required to be separated from the host instrument and accounted for as derivative financial instruments (“subject to bifurcation”) are embedded in certain fixed income securities, equity-indexed life and annuity contracts, reinsured variable annuity contracts and certain funding agreements.

 

All derivatives are accounted for on a fair value basis and reported as other investments, other assets, other liabilities and accrued expenses or contractholder funds.  Embedded derivative instruments subject to bifurcation are also accounted for on a fair value basis and are reported together with the host contract.  The change in fair value of derivatives embedded in certain fixed income securities and subject to bifurcation is reported in realized capital gains and losses.  The change in fair value of derivatives embedded in life and annuity product contracts and subject to bifurcation is reported in contract benefits or interest credited to contractholder funds.  Cash flows from embedded derivatives subject to bifurcation and derivatives receiving hedge accounting are reported consistently with the host contracts and hedged risks, respectively, within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.  Cash flows from other derivatives are reported in cash flows from investing activities within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

 

When derivatives meet specific criteria, they may be designated as accounting hedges and accounted for as fair value, cash flow, foreign currency fair value or foreign currency cash flow hedges.  The hedged item may be either all or a specific portion of a recognized asset, liability or an unrecognized firm commitment attributable to a particular risk for fair value hedges.  At the inception of the hedge, the Company formally documents the hedging relationship and risk management objective and strategy.  The documentation identifies the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged and the methodology used to assess the effectiveness of the hedging instrument in offsetting the exposure to changes in the hedged item’s fair value attributable to the hedged risk.  For a cash flow hedge, this documentation includes the exposure to changes in the variability in cash flows attributable to the hedged risk.  The Company does not exclude any component of the change in fair value of the hedging instrument from the effectiveness assessment.  At each reporting date, the Company confirms that the hedging instrument continues to be highly effective in offsetting the hedged risk.  Ineffectiveness in fair value hedges and cash flow hedges, if any, is reported in realized capital gains and losses.

 

Fair value hedges   The change in fair value of hedging instruments used in fair value hedges of investment assets or a portion thereof is reported in net investment income, together with the change in fair value of the hedged

 

46



 

items.  The change in fair value of hedging instruments used in fair value hedges of contractholder funds liabilities or a portion thereof is reported in interest credited to contractholder funds, together with the change in fair value of the hedged items.  Accrued periodic settlements on swaps are reported together with the changes in fair value of the swaps in net investment income or interest credited to contractholder funds.  The amortized cost for fixed income securities, the carrying value for mortgage loans or the carrying value of the hedged liability is adjusted for the change in fair value of the hedged risk.

 

Cash flow hedges   For hedging instruments used in cash flow hedges, the changes in fair value of the derivatives representing the effective portion of the hedge are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income.  Amounts are reclassified to net investment income or realized capital gains and losses as the hedged or forecasted transaction affects income.  Accrued periodic settlements on derivatives used in cash flow hedges are reported in net investment income.  The amount reported in accumulated other comprehensive income for a hedged transaction is limited to the lesser of the cumulative gain or loss on the derivative less the amount reclassified to income, or the cumulative gain or loss on the derivative needed to offset the cumulative change in the expected future cash flows on the hedged transaction from inception of the hedge less the derivative gain or loss previously reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to income.  If the Company expects at any time that the loss reported in accumulated other comprehensive income would lead to a net loss on the combination of the hedging instrument and the hedged transaction which may not be recoverable, a loss is recognized immediately in realized capital gains and losses.  If an impairment loss is recognized on an asset or an additional obligation is incurred on a liability involved in a hedge transaction, any offsetting gain in accumulated other comprehensive income is reclassified and reported together with the impairment loss or recognition of the obligation.

 

Termination of hedge accounting   If, subsequent to entering into a hedge transaction, the derivative becomes ineffective (including if the hedged item is sold or otherwise extinguished, the occurrence of a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable or the hedged asset becomes other-than-temporarily impaired), the Company may terminate the derivative position.  The Company may also terminate derivative instruments or redesignate them as non-hedge as a result of other events or circumstances.  If the derivative instrument is not terminated when a fair value hedge is no longer effective, the future gains and losses recognized on the derivative are reported in realized capital gains and losses.  When a fair value hedge is no longer effective, is redesignated as non-hedge or when the derivative has been terminated, the fair value gain or loss on the hedged asset, liability or portion thereof which has already been recognized in income while the hedge was in place and used to adjust the amortized cost for fixed income securities, the carrying value for mortgage loans or the carrying value of the hedged liability, is amortized over the remaining life of the hedged asset, liability or portion thereof, and reflected in net investment income or interest credited to contractholder funds beginning in the period that hedge accounting is no longer applied.  If the hedged item in a fair value hedge is an asset that has become other-than-temporarily impaired, the adjustment made to the amortized cost for fixed income securities or the carrying value for mortgage loans is subject to the accounting policies applied to other-than-temporarily impaired assets.

 

When a derivative instrument used in a cash flow hedge of an existing asset or liability is no longer effective or is terminated, the gain or loss recognized on the derivative is reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to income as the hedged risk impacts income.  If the derivative instrument is not terminated when a cash flow hedge is no longer effective, the future gains and losses recognized on the derivative are reported in realized capital gains and losses.  When a derivative instrument used in a cash flow hedge of a forecasted transaction is terminated because it is probable the forecasted transaction will not occur, the gain or loss recognized on the derivative is immediately reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to realized capital gains and losses in the period that hedge accounting is no longer applied.

 

Non-hedge derivative financial instruments   For derivatives for which hedge accounting is not applied, the income statement effects, including fair value gains and losses and accrued periodic settlements, are reported either in realized capital gains and losses or in a single line item together with the results of the associated asset or liability for which risks are being managed.

 

Securities loaned

 

The Company’s business activities include securities lending transactions, which are used primarily to generate net investment income.  The proceeds received in conjunction with securities lending transactions are reinvested in short-term investments and fixed income securities.  These transactions are short-term in nature, usually 30 days or

 

47



 

less.

 

The Company receives cash collateral for securities loaned in an amount generally equal to 102% of the fair value of securities and records the related obligations to return the collateral in other liabilities and accrued expenses.  The carrying value of these obligations approximates fair value because of their relatively short-term nature.  The Company monitors the market value of securities loaned on a daily basis and obtains additional collateral as necessary under the terms of the agreements to mitigate counterparty credit risk.  The Company maintains the right and ability to redeem the securities loaned on short notice.

 

Recognition of premium revenues and contract charges, and related benefits and interest credited

 

Traditional life insurance products consist principally of products with fixed and guaranteed premiums and benefits, primarily term and whole life insurance products.  Voluntary accident and health insurance products are expected to remain in force for an extended period.  Premiums from these products are recognized as revenue when due from policyholders.  Benefits are reflected in contract benefits and recognized in relation to premiums, so that profits are recognized over the life of the policy.

 

Immediate annuities with life contingencies, including certain structured settlement annuities, provide insurance protection over a period that extends beyond the period during which premiums are collected.  Premiums from these products are recognized as revenue when received at the inception of the contract.  Benefits and expenses are recognized in relation to premiums.  Profits from these policies come from investment income, which is recognized over the life of the contract.

 

Interest-sensitive life contracts, such as universal life and single premium life, are insurance contracts whose terms are not fixed and guaranteed.  The terms that may be changed include premiums paid by the contractholder, interest credited to the contractholder account balance and contract charges assessed against the contractholder account balance.  Premiums from these contracts are reported as contractholder fund deposits.  Contract charges consist of fees assessed against the contractholder account balance for the cost of insurance (mortality risk), contract administration and surrender of the contract prior to contractually specified dates.  These contract charges are recognized as revenue when assessed against the contractholder account balance.  Contract benefits include life-contingent benefit payments in excess of the contractholder account balance.

 

Contracts that do not subject the Company to significant risk arising from mortality or morbidity are referred to as investment contracts.  Fixed annuities, including market value adjusted annuities, equity-indexed annuities and immediate annuities without life contingencies, and funding agreements (primarily backing medium-term notes) are considered investment contracts.  Consideration received for such contracts is reported as contractholder fund deposits.  Contract charges for investment contracts consist of fees assessed against the contractholder account balance for maintenance, administration and surrender of the contract prior to contractually specified dates, and are recognized when assessed against the contractholder account balance.

 

Interest credited to contractholder funds represents interest accrued or paid on interest-sensitive life contracts and investment contracts.  Crediting rates for certain fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life contracts are adjusted periodically by the Company to reflect current market conditions subject to contractually guaranteed minimum rates.  Crediting rates for indexed life and annuities and indexed funding agreements are generally based on a specified interest rate index, such as LIBOR, or an equity index, such as the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 Index.  Interest credited also includes amortization of DSI expenses.  DSI is amortized into interest credited using the same method used to amortize DAC.

 

Contract charges for variable life and variable annuity products consist of fees assessed against the contractholder account balances for contract maintenance, administration, mortality, expense and surrender of the contract prior to contractually specified dates.  Contract benefits incurred for variable annuity products include guaranteed minimum death, income, withdrawal and accumulation benefits.  Substantially all of the Company’s variable annuity business is ceded through reinsurance agreements and the contract charges and contract benefits related thereto are reported net of reinsurance ceded.

 

Deferred policy acquisition and sales inducement costs

 

Costs that are related directly to the successful acquisition of new or renewal life insurance and investment contracts are deferred and recorded as DAC.  These costs are principally agents’ and brokers’ remuneration and certain underwriting

 

48



 

expenses.  DSI costs, which are deferred and recorded as other assets, relate to sales inducements offered on sales to new customers, principally on annuity and interest-sensitive life contracts.  These sales inducements are primarily in the form of additional credits to the customer’s account balance or enhancements to interest credited for a specified period which are in excess of the rates currently being credited to similar contracts without sales inducements.  All other acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and included in operating costs and expenses.  Amortization of DAC is included in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and is described in more detail below.  DSI is amortized into income using the same methodology and assumptions as DAC and is included in interest credited to contractholder funds.  DAC and DSI are periodically reviewed for recoverability and adjusted if necessary.

 

For traditional life insurance, DAC is amortized over the premium paying period of the related policies in proportion to the estimated revenues on such business.  Assumptions used in the amortization of DAC and reserve calculations are established at the time the policy is issued and are generally not revised during the life of the policy.  Any deviations from projected business in force resulting from actual policy terminations differing from expected levels and any estimated premium deficiencies may result in a change to the rate of amortization in the period such events occur.  Generally, the amortization periods for these policies approximates the estimated lives of the policies.

 

For interest-sensitive life, fixed annuities and other investment contracts, DAC and DSI are amortized in proportion to the incidence of the total present value of gross profits, which includes both actual historical gross profits (“AGP”) and estimated future gross profits (“EGP”) expected to be earned over the estimated lives of the contracts.  The amortization is net of interest on the prior period DAC balance using rates established at the inception of the contracts.  Actual amortization periods generally range from 15-30 years; however, incorporating estimates of the rate of customer surrenders, partial withdrawals and deaths generally results in the majority of the DAC being amortized during the surrender charge period, which is typically 10-20 years for interest-sensitive life and 5-10 years for fixed annuities.  The cumulative DAC and DSI amortization is reestimated and adjusted by a cumulative charge or credit to income when there is a difference between the incidence of actual versus expected gross profits in a reporting period or when there is a change in total EGP.  When DAC or DSI amortization or a component of gross profits for a quarterly period is potentially negative (which would result in an increase of the DAC or DSI balance) as a result of negative AGP, the specific facts and circumstances surrounding the potential negative amortization are considered to determine whether it is appropriate for recognition in the consolidated financial statements.  Negative amortization is only recorded when the increased DAC or DSI balance is determined to be recoverable based on facts and circumstances.  Recapitalization of DAC and DSI is limited to the originally deferred costs plus interest.

 

AGP and EGP primarily consist of the following components: contract charges for the cost of insurance less mortality costs and other benefits; investment income and realized capital gains and losses less interest credited; and surrender and other contract charges less maintenance expenses.  The principal assumptions for determining the amount of EGP are investment returns, including capital gains and losses on assets supporting contract liabilities, interest crediting rates to contractholders, and the effects of persistency, mortality, expenses, and hedges if applicable.  For products whose supporting investments are exposed to capital losses in excess of the Company’s expectations which may cause periodic AGP to become temporarily negative, EGP and AGP utilized in DAC and DSI amortization may be modified to exclude the excess capital losses.

 

The Company performs quarterly reviews of DAC and DSI recoverability for interest-sensitive life, fixed annuities and other investment contracts in the aggregate using current assumptions.  If a change in the amount of EGP is significant, it could result in the unamortized DAC or DSI not being recoverable, resulting in a charge which is included as a component of amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs or interest credited to contractholder funds, respectively.

 

The DAC and DSI balances presented include adjustments to reflect the amount by which the amortization of DAC and DSI would increase or decrease if the unrealized capital gains or losses in the respective product investment portfolios were actually realized.  The adjustments are recorded net of tax in accumulated other comprehensive income.  DAC, DSI and deferred income taxes determined on unrealized capital gains and losses and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income recognize the impact on shareholder’s equity consistently with the amounts that would be recognized in the income statement on realized capital gains and losses.

 

Customers of the Company may exchange one insurance policy or investment contract for another offered by the Company, or make modifications to an existing investment or life contract issued by the Company.  These

 

49



 

transactions are identified as internal replacements for accounting purposes.  Internal replacement transactions determined to result in replacement contracts that are substantially unchanged from the replaced contracts are accounted for as continuations of the replaced contracts.  Unamortized DAC and DSI related to the replaced contracts continue to be deferred and amortized in connection with the replacement contracts.  For interest-sensitive life and investment contracts, the EGP of the replacement contracts are treated as a revision to the EGP of the replaced contracts in the determination of amortization of DAC and DSI.  For traditional life insurance policies, any changes to unamortized DAC that result from replacement contracts are treated as prospective revisions.  Any costs associated with the issuance of replacement contracts are characterized as maintenance costs and expensed as incurred.  Internal replacement transactions determined to result in a substantial change to the replaced contracts are accounted for as an extinguishment of the replaced contracts, and any unamortized DAC and DSI related to the replaced contracts are eliminated with a corresponding charge to amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs or interest credited to contractholder funds, respectively.

 

The costs assigned to the right to receive future cash flows from certain business purchased from other insurers are also classified as DAC in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.  The costs capitalized represent the present value of future profits expected to be earned over the lives of the contracts acquired.  These costs are amortized as profits emerge over the lives of the acquired business and are periodically evaluated for recoverability.  The present value of future profits was $13 million and $15 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  Amortization expense of the present value of future profits was $2 million, $1 million and $3 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

Reinsurance

 

In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to limit aggregate and single exposure to losses on large risks by purchasing reinsurance.  The Company has also used reinsurance to effect the acquisition or disposition of certain blocks of business.  The amounts reported as reinsurance recoverables include amounts billed to reinsurers on losses paid as well as estimates of amounts expected to be recovered from reinsurers on insurance liabilities and contractholder funds that have not yet been paid.  Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses are estimated based upon assumptions consistent with those used in establishing the liabilities related to the underlying reinsured contracts.  Insurance liabilities are reported gross of reinsurance recoverables.  Reinsurance premiums are generally reflected in income in a manner consistent with the recognition of premiums on the reinsured contracts.  Reinsurance does not extinguish the Company’s primary liability under the policies written.  Therefore, the Company regularly evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and establishes allowances for uncollectible reinsurance as appropriate.

 

Goodwill

 

Goodwill represents the excess of amounts paid for acquiring businesses over the fair value of the net assets acquired.  The goodwill balance was $5 million as of both December 31, 2011 and 2010.  Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually.  The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment testing during the fourth quarter of each year based upon data as of the close of the third quarter.  The Company also reviews goodwill for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as deteriorating or adverse market conditions, indicate that it is more likely than not that the carrying amount of goodwill may exceed its implied fair value.  Goodwill impairment evaluations indicated no impairment as of December 31, 2011 or 2010.

 

Income taxes

 

The income tax provision is calculated under the liability method.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities at the enacted tax rates.  The principal assets and liabilities giving rise to such differences are DAC, unrealized capital gains and losses on certain investments, differences in tax bases of invested assets and insurance reserves.  A deferred tax asset valuation allowance is established when there is uncertainty that such assets will be realized.

 

Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits

 

The reserve for life-contingent contract benefits payable under insurance policies, including traditional life insurance, life-contingent immediate annuities and voluntary accident and health products, is computed on the basis of long-term actuarial assumptions of future investment yields, mortality, morbidity, policy terminations and expenses.  These assumptions, which for traditional life insurance are applied using the net level premium method,

 

50



 

include provisions for adverse deviation and generally vary by characteristics such as type of coverage, year of issue and policy duration.  To the extent that unrealized gains on fixed income securities would result in a premium deficiency if those gains were realized, the related increase in reserves for certain immediate annuities with life contingencies is recorded net of tax as a reduction of unrealized net capital gains included in accumulated other comprehensive income.

 

Contractholder funds

 

Contractholder funds represent interest-bearing liabilities arising from the sale of products such as interest-sensitive life insurance, fixed annuities and funding agreements.  Contractholder funds primarily comprise deposits received and interest credited to the benefit of the contractholder less surrenders and withdrawals, mortality charges and administrative expenses.  Contractholder funds also include reserves for secondary guarantees on interest-sensitive life insurance and certain fixed annuity contracts and reserves for certain guarantees on reinsured variable annuity contracts.

 

Separate accounts

 

Separate accounts assets are carried at fair value.  The assets of the separate accounts are legally segregated and available only to settle separate account contract obligations.  Separate accounts liabilities represent the contractholders’ claims to the related assets and are carried at an amount equal to the separate accounts assets.  Investment income and realized capital gains and losses of the separate accounts accrue directly to the contractholders and therefore are not included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.  Deposits to and surrenders and withdrawals from the separate accounts are reflected in separate accounts liabilities and are not included in consolidated cash flows.

 

Absent any contract provision wherein the Company provides a guarantee, variable annuity and variable life insurance contractholders bear the investment risk that the separate accounts’ funds may not meet their stated investment objectives.  Substantially all of the Company’s variable annuity business was reinsured beginning in 2006.

 

Off-balance-sheet financial instruments

 

Commitments to invest, commitments to purchase private placement securities, commitments to extend loans, financial guarantees and credit guarantees have off-balance-sheet risk because their contractual amounts are not recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (see Note 7 and Note 11).

 

Adopted accounting standards

 

Consolidation Analysis Considering Investments Held through Separate Accounts

 

In April 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance clarifying that an insurer is not required to combine interests in investments held in a qualifying separate account with its interests in the same investments held in the general account when performing a consolidation evaluation.  The adoption of this guidance as of January 1, 2011 had no impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

 

Disclosure of Supplementary Pro Forma Information for Business Combinations

 

In December 2010, the FASB issued disclosure guidance for entities that enter into material business combinations.  The guidance specifies that if an entity presents comparative financial statements, it should disclose pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination that occurred during the current year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period.  The guidance expands the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination.  The Company will apply the guidance to any material business combinations entered into on or after January 1, 2011.

 

Criteria for Classification as a Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”)

 

In April 2011, the FASB issued clarifying guidance related to determining whether a loan modification or restructuring should be classified as a TDR.  The additional guidance provided pertains to the two criteria used to determine whether a TDR exists, whether the creditor has granted a concession and whether the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties.  The guidance related to the identification of a TDR is to be applied

 

51



 

retrospectively to the beginning of the annual period of adoption.  The measurement of impairment on a TDR identified under this guidance is effective prospectively.  Additional disclosures about TDRs of financing receivables are also required.  The adoption of this guidance as of July 1, 2011 did not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

 

Accounting for Costs Associated with Acquiring or Renewing Insurance Contracts

 

In October 2010, the FASB issued guidance modifying the definition of the types of costs incurred by insurance entities that can be capitalized in the acquisition of new and renewal insurance contracts.  The guidance specifies that the costs must be directly related to the successful acquisition of insurance contracts.  The guidance also specifies that advertising costs should be included as deferred acquisition costs only when the direct-response advertising accounting criteria are met.  The Company adopted the new guidance on a retrospective basis as of January 1, 2012.  The cumulative effect of the adoption to shareholders’ equity as of January 1, 2009 was a decrease of $438 million, net of taxes.  In future periods, operating costs and expenses will increase since a lower amount of acquisition costs will be capitalized, which will be partially offset by a decrease in amortization of DAC due to the retrospective reduction of the DAC balance.  The impacts of the retrospective adjustments on previously issued financial statements are summarized in the following table.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

 

 

Previously
reported

 

As
Adjusted

 

Previously
reported

 

As
Adjusted

 

Previously
reported

 

As
Adjusted

 

For the years ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amortization of DAC

 

$

513

 

$

430

 

$

272

 

$

220

 

$

888

 

$

761

 

Operating costs and expenses

 

316

 

394

 

329

 

408

 

321

 

405

 

Gain on disposition of operations

 

7

 

15

 

6

 

14

 

7

 

15

 

Income tax expense (benefit)

 

221

 

225

 

(38)

 

(45)

 

(112)

 

(94)

 

Net income (loss)

 

460

 

469

 

(28)

 

(40)

 

(547)

 

(514)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DAC

 

$

2,588

 

$

2,165

 

$

2,982

 

$

2,526

 

 

 

 

 

Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits

 

13,709

 

13,666

 

12,752

 

12,720

 

 

 

 

 

Other liabilities and accrued expenses

 

1,043

 

1,092

 

1,454

 

1,511

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred income taxes

 

971

 

821

 

643

 

475

 

 

 

 

 

Retained income

 

2,377

 

2,060

 

1,913

 

1,587

 

 

 

 

 

Unrealized adjustment to DAC, DSI and insurance reserves

 

(502)

 

(464)

 

38

 

51

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pending accounting standards

 

Criteria for Determining Effective Control for Repurchase Agreements

 

In April 2011, the FASB issued guidance modifying the assessment criteria of effective control for repurchase agreements.  The new guidance removes the criteria requiring an entity to have the ability to repurchase or redeem financial assets on substantially the agreed terms and the collateral maintenance guidance related to that criteria.  The guidance is to be applied prospectively to transactions or modifications of existing transactions that occur during reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2011.  Early adoption is not permitted.  The impact of adoption is not expected to be material to the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

 

Amendments to Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements

 

In May 2011, the FASB issued guidance that clarifies the application of existing fair value measurement and disclosure requirements and amends certain fair value measurement principles, requirements and disclosures.  Changes were made to improve consistency in global application.  The guidance is to be applied prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011.  Early adoption is not permitted.  The impact of adoption is not expected to be material to the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

 

Presentation of Comprehensive Income

 

In June and December 2011, the FASB issued guidance amending the presentation of comprehensive income and its components.  Under the new guidance, a reporting entity has the option to present comprehensive income in a single continuous statement or in two separate but consecutive statements.  The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011 and is to be applied retrospectively.  The new guidance affects presentation only and will have no impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

 

Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities for Financial Instruments and Derivative Instruments

 

In December 2011, the FASB issued guidance requiring expanded disclosures, including both gross and net information, for financial instruments and derivative instruments that are either offset in the reporting entity’s financial statements or those that are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement.  The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and is to be applied retrospectively.  The new guidance affects disclosures only and will have no impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

 

52



 

3.  Supplemental Cash Flow Information

 

Non-cash investment exchanges, including modifications of certain mortgage loans (primarily refinances at maturity with no concessions granted to the borrower), fixed income securities, limited partnerships and other investments, as well as mergers completed with equity securities, totaled $486 million, $621 million and $372 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

Liabilities for collateral received in conjunction with the Company’s securities lending program were $220 million, $461 million and $449 million as of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and are reported in other liabilities and accrued expenses. Obligations to return cash collateral for over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives were $43 million, $4 million and $168 million as of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and are reported in other liabilities and accrued expenses or other investments.  The accompanying cash flows are included in cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows along with the activities resulting from management of the proceeds, which for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

 

2010

 

 

2009

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net change in proceeds managed

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net change in short-term investments

202

152

(277)

Operating cash flow provided (used)

202

152

(277)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net change in liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities for collateral, beginning of year

(465)

(617)

(340)

Liabilities for collateral, end of year

 

(263)

 

(465)

 

(617)

Operating cash flow (used) provided

(202)

(152)

277

 

In 2011, a payable associated with the pension benefit obligations due to AIC totaling $4 million was forgiven.  In 2009, a payable associated with postretirement benefit obligations due to AIC totaling $22 million was forgiven.  The forgiveness of the payables reflect non-cash financing activities.

 

In 2009, the Company recorded a non-cash capital contribution from AIC totaling $447 million and transferred to an unconsolidated affiliate a $25 million surplus note issued by a consolidated subsidiary in exchange for a note receivable with a principal sum equal to that of the surplus note (see Note 4).

 

4.  Related Party Transactions

 

Business operations

 

The Company uses services performed by its affiliates, AIC and Allstate Investments LLC, and business facilities owned or leased and operated by AIC in conducting its business activities.  In addition, the Company shares the services of employees with AIC.  The Company reimburses its affiliates for the operating expenses incurred on behalf of the Company.  The Company is charged for the cost of these operating expenses based on the level of services provided.  Operating expenses, including compensation, retirement and other benefit programs (see Note 15), allocated to the Company were $399 million, $404 million and $435 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.  A portion of these expenses relate to the acquisition of business, which are deferred and amortized into income as described in Note 2.

 

Structured settlement annuities

 

The Company issued $56 million, $54 million and $49 million of structured settlement annuities, a type of immediate annuity, in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, at prices determined using interest rates in effect at the time of purchase, to fund structured settlements in matters involving AIC.  Of these amounts, $11 million, $11 million and $6 million relate to structured settlement annuities with life contingencies and are included in premium revenue for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

In most cases, these annuities were issued under a “qualified assignment” whereby Allstate Assignment Corporation (“AAC”) and prior to July 1, 2001 Allstate Settlement Corporation (“ASC”), both wholly owned subsidiaries of ALIC, purchased annuities from ALIC and assumed AIC’s obligation to make future payments.

 

AIC issued surety bonds to guarantee the payment of structured settlement benefits assumed by ASC (from both AIC and non-related parties) and funded by certain annuity contracts issued by the Company through June 30, 2001.

 

53



 

ASC entered into a General Indemnity Agreement pursuant to which it indemnified AIC for any liabilities associated with the surety bonds and gave AIC certain collateral security rights with respect to the annuities and certain other rights in the event of any defaults covered by the surety bonds.  For contracts written on or after July 1, 2001, AIC no longer issues surety bonds to guarantee the payment of structured settlement benefits.  Alternatively, ALIC guarantees the payment of structured settlement benefits on all contracts issued on or after July 1, 2001.  Reserves recorded by the Company for annuities that are guaranteed by the surety bonds of AIC were $4.79 billion and $4.83 billion as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

Broker-Dealer agreement

 

The Company receives distribution services from Allstate Financial Services, LLC, an affiliated broker-dealer company, for certain variable life insurance contracts sold by Allstate exclusive agencies.  For these services, the Company incurred commission and other distribution expenses of $15 million, $10 million and $10 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

Reinsurance transactions

 

The Company has coinsurance reinsurance agreements with its unconsolidated affiliate American Heritage Life Insurance Company (“AHL”) whereby the Company assumes certain interest-sensitive life insurance, fixed annuity contracts and accident and health insurance policies.  The amounts assumed are disclosed in Note 9.

 

ALIC enters into certain intercompany reinsurance transactions with its wholly owned subsidiaries.  ALIC enters into these transactions in order to maintain underwriting control and spread risk among various legal entities.  These reinsurance agreements have been approved by the appropriate regulatory authorities.  All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Income taxes

 

The Company is a party to a federal income tax allocation agreement with the Corporation (see Note 12).

 

Notes due to related parties

 

 Notes due to related parties outstanding as of December 31 consisted of the following:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

7.00% Note, due 2017, to AHL

$

1

$

2

5.80% Note, due 2018, to AHL

 

3

 

--

5.75% Note, due 2018, to AIC

 

10

 

--

5.75% Note, due 2018, to AIC

 

4

 

--

6.35% Note, due 2018, to AIC

 

7

 

--

7.00% Surplus Note, due 2028, to AIC (1)

 

400

 

400

6.74% Surplus Note, due 2029, to Kennett (1)

 

25

 

25

5.06% Surplus Note, due 2035, to Kennett (1)

 

100

 

100

6.18% Surplus Note, due 2036, to Kennett (1)

 

100

 

100

5.93% Surplus Note, due 2038, to Kennett (1)

 

50

 

50

Total notes due to related parties

$

700

$

677

____________

 

(1) No payment of principal or interest is permitted on the surplus notes without the written approval from the proper regulatory authority. The regulatory authority could prohibit the payment of interest and principal on the surplus notes if certain statutory capital requirements are not met. Permission to pay interest on the surplus notes was granted in both 2011 and 2010 on all notes except the $400 million note for which approval was not sought in 2010.

 

On August 1, 2005, ALIC entered into an agreement with Kennett Capital Inc. (“Kennett”), an unconsolidated affiliate of ALIC, whereby ALIC sold to Kennett a $100 million 5.06% surplus note due July 1, 2035 issued by ALIC Reinsurance Company (“ALIC Re”), a wholly owned subsidiary of ALIC.  As payment, Kennett issued a full recourse 4.86% note due July 1, 2035 to ALIC for the same amount.  As security for the performance of Kennett’s obligations under the agreement and note, Kennett granted ALIC a pledge of and security interest in Kennett’s right, title and interest in the surplus notes and their proceeds. Under the terms of the agreement, ALIC may sell and Kennett may choose to buy additional surplus notes, if and when additional surplus notes are issued.

 

54



 

On June 30, 2006, ALIC sold Kennett a $100 million redeemable surplus note issued by ALIC Re.  The surplus note is due June 1, 2036 with an initial rate of 6.18% that will reset every ten years to the then current ten year Constant Maturity Treasury yield (“CMT”), plus 1.14%.  As payment, Kennett issued a full recourse note due June 1, 2036 to ALIC for the same amount with an initial interest rate of 5.98% that will reset every ten years to the then current ten year CMT, plus 0.94%.

 

On June 30, 2008, ALIC sold Kennett a $50 million redeemable surplus note issued by ALIC Re.  The surplus note is due June 1, 2038 with an initial rate of 5.93% that will reset every ten years to the then current ten year CMT, plus 2.09%.   As payment, Kennett issued a full recourse note due June 1, 2038 to ALIC for the same amount with an initial interest rate of 5.73% that will reset every ten years to the then current ten year CMT, plus 1.89%.

 

On December 18, 2009, ALIC sold Kennett a $25 million redeemable surplus note issued by ALIC Re.  The surplus note is due December 1, 2029 with an initial rate of 6.74% that will reset every ten years to the then current ten year CMT, plus 3.25%.  As payment, Kennett issued a full recourse note due December 1, 2029 to ALIC for the same amount with an initial interest rate of 5.19% that will reset every ten years to the then current ten year CMT, plus 1.70%.

 

The notes due from Kennett are classified as other investments.  In 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Company recorded net investment income on these notes of $15 million, $15 million and $14 million, respectively.  In 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Company incurred $16 million, $16 million and $14 million, respectively, of interest expense related to the surplus notes due to Kennett.

 

On November 17, 2008, the Company issued a $400 million 7.00% surplus note due November 17, 2028 to AIC in exchange for cash.  In each of 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Company incurred interest expense on this surplus note of $28 million.

 

In March 2010, in accordance with an asset purchase agreement between Road Bay Investments, LLC (“RBI”), a consolidated subsidiary of ALIC, and AHL, an unconsolidated affiliate of ALIC, RBI purchased from AHL mortgage loans with a fair value of $6 million on the date of sale and issued a 7.00% note due March 26, 2017 to AHL for the same amount.  In 2011 and 2010, RBI repaid $1 million and $4 million, respectively, of principal on this note.  In June 2011, RBI purchased from AHL mortgage loans with a fair value of $3 million on the date of sale and issued a 5.80% note due June 17, 2018 to AHL for the same amount.  Since the transactions were between affiliates under common control, the mortgage loans were recorded by RBI at AHL’s carrying value on the date of sale. The mortgage loans that were purchased were impaired loans; therefore, their carrying value on the date of sale equaled fair value.  In each of 2011 and 2010, the Company incurred interest expense on these notes of $0.2 million.

 

In March 2011, in accordance with an asset purchase agreement between RBI and AIC, RBI purchased from AIC real estate with a fair value of $10 million on the date of sale and issued a 5.75% note due March 24, 2018 to AIC for the same amount.  In April 2011, RBI purchased from AIC mortgage loans with a fair value of $4 million on the date of sale and issued a 5.75% note due April 19, 2018 to AIC for the same amount.  In August 2011, RBI purchased from AIC fixed income securities with a fair value of $7 million on the date of sale and issued a 6.35% note due August 23, 2018 to AIC for the same amount.  Since the transactions were between affiliates under common control, the purchased investments were recorded by RBI at AIC’s carrying value on the date of sale.  The investments that were purchased were impaired; therefore, the carrying value on the date of sale equaled fair value.  In 2011, the Company incurred interest expense on these notes of $0.7 million.

 

Liquidity and intercompany loan agreements

 

The Company, AIC and the Corporation are party to the Amended and Restated Intercompany Liquidity Agreement (“Liquidity Agreement”) which allows for short-term advances of funds to be made between parties for liquidity and other general corporate purposes.  The Liquidity Agreement does not establish a commitment to advance funds on the part of any party.  The Company and AIC each serve as a lender and borrower and the Corporation serves only as a lender.  The maximum amount of advances each party may make or receive is limited to $1 billion.  Netting or offsetting of advances made and received is not permitted.  Advances between the parties are required to have specified due dates less than or equal to 364 days from the date of the advance and be payable upon demand by written request from the lender at least ten business days prior to the demand date.  The borrower may make prepayments of the outstanding principal balance of an advance without penalty.  Advances will bear interest equal to or greater than the rate applicable to 30-day commercial paper issued by the Corporation on the date

 

55



 

the advance is made with an adjustment on the first day of each month thereafter.  The Company had no amounts outstanding under the Liquidity Agreement as of December 31, 2011 or 2010.

 

In addition to the Liquidity Agreement, the Company has an intercompany loan agreement with the Corporation.  The amount of intercompany loans available to the Company is at the discretion of the Corporation.  The maximum amount of loans the Corporation will have outstanding to all its eligible subsidiaries at any given point in time is limited to $1 billion.  The Corporation may use commercial paper borrowings, bank lines of credit and securities lending to fund intercompany borrowings.  The Company had no amounts outstanding under the intercompany loan agreement as of December 31, 2011 or 2010.

 

On December 20, 2010, AHL entered into a Revolving Loan Credit Agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with RBI, a consolidated subsidiary of ALIC, according to which AHL agreed to extend revolving credit loans to RBI.  As security for its obligations under the Credit Agreement, RBI entered into a Pledge and Security Agreement with AHL, according to which RBI agreed to grant a pledge of and security interest in RBI’s right, title, and interest in certain assets of RBI.  The Company had no amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2011 or 2010.

 

Investment purchases and sales

 

In November 2011, Allstate Finance Company, LLC (“AFC”), a consolidated subsidiary of ALIC, paid $176 million in cash to purchase commercial loans issued to insurance agents of AIC (“agent loans”) with a fair value of $175 million on the date of sale and $1 million of accrued investment income from Allstate Bank, an unconsolidated affiliate of ALIC.  Since the transaction was between affiliates under common control, the agent loans were recorded by AFC at Allstate Bank’s carrying value on the date of sale, which was the outstanding unpaid principal balance, net of valuation allowance and deferred fees, of $176 million and $1 million of accrued investment income.  The $1 million difference between the fair value of assets received and Allstate Bank’s carrying value was recorded as an increase to additional capital paid-in.

 

In December 2009, the Company sold investments to AIC.  The Company received proceeds of $28 million for the investments, which included fixed income securities and a bank loan with a fair value on the date of sale of $17 million and $11 million, respectively.  The amortized cost basis of the fixed income securities and bank loan on the date of sale was $46 million and $12 million, respectively.  The loss on sale of $20 million after-tax ($30 million pre-tax) was recorded as a decrease to retained income since the sale of the investments was between affiliates under common control.

 

Capital contributions

 

In December 2009, the Company received a capital contribution from AIC totaling $447 million, which was recorded as additional capital paid-in.  The capital contribution included fixed income securities with a fair value and amortized cost basis of $442 million and $424 million, respectively, and accrued investment income of $5 million.  Since the transfer of the fixed income securities was between affiliates under common control, the securities were recorded by the Company at AIC’s amortized cost basis on the date of transfer with the difference between amortized cost and fair value recorded as a decrease to retained income of $16 million after-tax ($18 million pre-tax).

 

In March 2009, the Company received a capital contribution from AIC of $250 million, which was paid in cash and recorded as additional capital paid-in.

 

The Company and AIC have a Capital Support Agreement that went into effect in 2007.  Under the terms of this agreement, AIC agrees to provide capital to maintain the amount of statutory capital and surplus necessary to maintain a company action level risk-based capital (“RBC”) ratio of at least 150%.  AIC’s obligation to provide capital to the Company under the agreement is limited to an aggregate amount of $1 billion.  In exchange for providing this capital, the Company will pay AIC an annual commitment fee of 1% of the amount of the Capital and Surplus maximum that remains available on January 1 of such year.  The Company or AIC have the right to terminate this agreement when: 1) the Company qualifies for a financial strength rating from S&P’s, Moody’s or A.M. Best, without giving weight to the existence of this agreement, that is the same or better than its rating with such support; 2) the Company’s RBC ratio is at least 300%; or 3) AIC no longer directly or indirectly owns at least 50% of the voting stock of the Company.  As of December 31, 2011, no capital had been provided by AIC under this agreement.  All capital contributions to the Company subsequent to this agreement going into effect were discretionary and were made by AIC outside of the terms of this agreement.

 

56



 

Pension and postretirement benefit plans

 

Effective November 30, 2011, the Corporation became the sponsor of the defined benefit pension plans that cover most full-time employees, certain part-time employees and employee-agents.  Prior to November 30, 2011, AIC was the sponsor of these plans.  In connection with the change in sponsorship, amounts payable by the Company to the previous plan sponsor, AIC, totaling $4 million were forgiven which was recorded as an increase to retained income.

 

Effective September 30, 2009, the Corporation became the sponsor of a group medical plan and a group life insurance plan to provide covered benefits to certain retired employees (“postretirement benefits”).  Prior to September 30, 2009, AIC was the sponsor of these plans.  In connection with the change in sponsorship, amounts payable by the Company to the previous plan sponsor, AIC, totaling $22 million were forgiven.  The forgiveness of this liability was recorded as an increase in additional capital paid-in of $17 million and an increase to retained income of $5 million.

 

5.  Investments

 

Fair values

 

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value for fixed income securities are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

Amortized

 

Gross unrealized

 

Fair

 

 

cost

 

Gains

 

Losses

 

value

December 31, 2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. government and agencies

$

2,502

$

241

$

--

$

2,743

Municipal

 

4,380

 

426

 

(114)

 

4,692

Corporate

 

28,496

 

2,234

 

(326)

 

30,404

Foreign government

 

927

 

142

 

(1)

 

1,068

RMBS

 

2,954

 

74

 

(314)

 

2,714

CMBS

 

1,862

 

45

 

(224)

 

1,683

ABS

 

2,345

 

44

 

(281)

 

2,108

Redeemable preferred stock

 

15

 

1

 

--

 

16

Total fixed income securities

$

43,481

$

3,207

$

(1,260)

$

45,428

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2010

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. government and agencies

$

3,258

$

245

$

(9)

$

3,494

Municipal

 

5,179

 

88

 

(294)

 

4,973

Corporate

 

27,509

 

1,510

 

(369)

 

28,650

Foreign government

 

1,962

 

303

 

(8)

 

2,257

RMBS

 

4,674

 

132

 

(451)

 

4,355

CMBS

 

2,121

 

56

 

(274)

 

1,903

ABS

 

2,768

 

88

 

(289)

 

2,567

Redeemable preferred stock

 

15

 

--

 

--

 

15

Total fixed income securities

$

47,486

$

2,422

$

(1,694)

$

48,214

 

Scheduled maturities

 

The scheduled maturities for fixed income securities are as follows as of December 31, 2011:

 

($ in millions)

 

Amortized
cost

 

Fair
value

Due in one year or less

$

1,604

$

1,626

Due after one year through five years

 

10,954

 

11,434

Due after five years through ten years

 

13,476

 

14,573

Due after ten years

 

12,148

 

12,973

 

 

38,182

 

40,606

RMBS and ABS

 

5,299

 

4,822

Total

$

43,481

$

45,428

 

Actual maturities may differ from those scheduled as a result of prepayments by the issuers.  Because of the

 

57



 

potential for prepayment on RMBS and ABS, they are not categorized by contractual maturity.  CMBS are categorized by contractual maturity because they generally are not subject to prepayment risk.

 

Net investment income

 

Net investment income for the years ended December 31 is as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

Fixed income securities

$

2,264

$

2,476

$

2,595

Mortgage loans

 

345

 

377

 

488

Equity securities

 

7

 

5

 

5

Limited partnership interests

 

49

 

21

 

8

Short-term investments

 

3

 

3

 

13

Other

 

71

 

(16)

 

(39)

Investment income, before expense

 

2,739

 

2,866

 

3,070

Investment expense

 

(102)

 

(106)

 

(96)

Net investment income

$

2,637

$

2,760

$

2,974

 

Realized capital gains and losses

 

Realized capital gains and losses by asset type for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

Fixed income securities

$

539

$

(370)

$

(255)

Mortgage loans

 

(23)

 

(71)

 

(143)

Equity securities

 

14

 

36

 

(21)

Limited partnership interests

 

62

 

17

 

(283)

Derivatives

 

(203)

 

(124)

 

357

Other

 

1

 

(1)

 

(75)

Realized capital gains and losses

$

390

$

(513)

$

(420)

 

Realized capital gains and losses by transaction type for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

Impairment write-downs

$

(242)

$

(494)

$

(1,009)

Change in intent write-downs

 

(51)

 

(142)

 

(267)

Net other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in earnings

 

(293)

 

(636)

 

(1,276)

Sales

 

823

 

215

 

637

Valuation of derivative instruments

 

(224)

 

(94)

 

315

Settlements of derivative instruments

 

22

 

(31)

 

41

EMA limited partnership income

 

62

 

33

 

(137)

Realized capital gains and losses

$

390

$

(513)

$

(420)

 

Gross gains of $835 million, $454 million and $931 million and gross losses of $124 million, $343 million and $267 million were realized on sales of fixed income securities during 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

58



 

Other-than-temporary impairment losses by asset type for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

 

2011

 

 

2010

 

 

2009

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross

 

 

Included
in OCI

 

 

Net

 

 

Gross

 

 

Included
in OCI

 

 

Net

 

 

Gross

 

 

Included
in OCI

 

 

Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Municipal

 

$

(14

)

 

$

(3

)

 

$

(17

)

 

$

(101

)

 

$

17

 

 

$

(84

)

 

$

(25

)

 

$

--

 

 

$

(25

)

 

Corporate

 

 

(28

)

 

 

6

 

 

 

(22

)

 

 

(51

)

 

 

1

 

 

 

(50

)

 

 

(188

)

 

 

(11

)

 

 

(199

)

 

Foreign government

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

(17

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

(17

)

 

RMBS

 

 

(111

)

 

 

(20

)

 

 

(131

)

 

 

(236

)

 

 

(20

)

 

 

(256

)

 

 

(434

)

 

 

251

 

 

 

(183

)

 

CMBS

 

 

(66

)

 

 

1

 

 

 

(65

)

 

 

(93

)

 

 

(27

)

 

 

(120

)

 

 

(411

)

 

 

102

 

 

 

(309

)

 

ABS

 

 

(8

)

 

 

2

 

 

 

(6

)

 

 

(13

)

 

 

(16

)

 

 

(29

)

 

 

(201

)

 

 

(26

)

 

 

(227

)

 

Total fixed income securities

 

 

(227

)

 

 

(14

)

 

 

(241

)

 

 

(494

)

 

 

(45

)

 

 

(539

)

 

 

(1,276

)

 

 

316

 

 

 

(960

)

 

Mortgage loans

 

 

(33

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

(33

)

 

 

(71

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

(71

)

 

 

(102

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

(102

)

 

Equity securities

 

 

(5

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

(5

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

(29

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

(29

)

 

Limited partnership interests

 

 

(3

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

(3

)

 

 

(23

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

(23

)

 

 

(148

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

(148

)

 

Other

 

 

(11

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

(11

)

 

 

(3

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

(3

)

 

 

(37

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

(37

)

 

Other-than-temporary impairment losses

 

$

(279

)

 

$

(14

)

 

$

(293

)

 

$

(591

)

 

$

(45

)

 

$

(636

)

 

$

(1,592

)

 

$

316

 

 

$

(1,276

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The total amount of other-than-temporary impairment losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income at the time of impairment for fixed income securities, which were not included in earnings, are presented in the following table.  The amount excludes $90 million and $213 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, of net unrealized gains related to changes in valuation of the fixed income securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date.

 

($ in millions)

 

 

December 31,
2011

 

 

 

December 31,
2010

 

 

Municipal

 

$

(5

)

 

$

(17

)

 

Corporate

 

 

(6

)

 

 

(1

)

 

RMBS

 

 

(198

)

 

 

(258

)

 

CMBS

 

 

(19

)

 

 

(49

)

 

ABS

 

 

(21

)

 

 

(41

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

(249

)

 

$

(366

)

 

 

Rollforwards of the cumulative credit losses recognized in earnings for fixed income securities held as of December 31 are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

 

2011

 

 

 

2010

 

 

 

2009

 

 

Beginning balance

 

$

(701

)

 

$

(808

)

 

$

--

 

 

Beginning balance of cumulative credit loss for securities held as of April 1, 2009

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

(1,059

)

 

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

 

 

--

 

 

 

81

 

 

 

--

 

 

Additional credit loss for securities previously other-than-temporarily impaired

 

 

(76

)

 

 

(221

)

 

 

(111

)

 

Additional credit loss for securities not previously other-than-temporarily impaired

 

 

(114

)

 

 

(183

)

 

 

(411

)

 

Reduction in credit loss for securities disposed or collected

 

 

288

 

 

 

399

 

 

 

773

 

 

Reduction in credit loss for securities the Company has made the decision to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell

 

 

13

 

 

 

27

 

 

 

--

 

 

Change in credit loss due to accretion of increase in cash flows

 

 

9

 

 

 

4

 

 

 

--

 

 

Ending balance

 

$

(581

)

 

$

(701

)

 

$

(808

)

 

 

59



 

The Company uses its best estimate of future cash flows expected to be collected from the fixed income security, discounted at the security’s original or current effective rate, as appropriate, to calculate a recovery value and determine whether a credit loss exists.  The determination of cash flow estimates is inherently subjective and methodologies may vary depending on facts and circumstances specific to the security.  All reasonably available information relevant to the collectability of the security, including past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable assumptions and forecasts, are considered when developing the estimate of cash flows expected to be collected.  That information generally includes, but is not limited to, the remaining payment terms of the security, prepayment speeds, foreign exchange rates, the financial condition and future earnings potential of the issue or issuer, expected defaults, expected recoveries, the value of underlying collateral, vintage, geographic concentration, available reserves or escrows, current subordination levels, third party guarantees and other credit enhancements.  Other information, such as industry analyst reports and forecasts, sector credit ratings, financial condition of the bond insurer for insured fixed income securities, and other market data relevant to the realizability of contractual cash flows, may also be considered.  The estimated fair value of collateral will be used to estimate recovery value if the Company determines that the security is dependent on the liquidation of collateral for ultimate settlement.  If the estimated recovery value is less than the amortized cost of the security, a credit loss exists and an other-than-temporary impairment for the difference between the estimated recovery value and amortized cost is recorded in earnings.  The portion of the unrealized loss related to factors other than credit remains classified in accumulated other comprehensive income.  If the Company determines that the fixed income security does not have sufficient cash flow or other information to estimate a recovery value for the security, the Company may conclude that the entire decline in fair value is deemed to be credit related and the loss is recorded in earnings.

 

Unrealized net capital gains and losses

 

Unrealized net capital gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

 

Fair

 

 

 

Gross unrealized

 

Unrealized net

 

 

December 31, 2011

 

 

value

 

 

 

Gains

 

 

 

Losses

 

 

gains (losses)

 

 

Fixed income securities

 

$

45,428

 

 

$

3,207

 

 

$

(1,260

)

 

$

1,947

 

 

Equity securities

 

 

179

 

 

 

38

 

 

 

(2

)

 

 

36

 

 

Short-term investments

 

 

593

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

Derivative instruments (1)

 

 

(12

)

 

 

3

 

 

 

(15

)

 

 

(12

)

 

EMA limited partnership interests (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

Unrealized net capital gains and losses, pre-tax

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,972

 

 

Amounts recognized for:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Insurance reserves (3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(594

)

 

DAC and DSI (4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(120

)

 

Amounts recognized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(714

)

 

Deferred income taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(445

)

 

Unrealized net capital gains and losses, after-tax

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

813

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

Included in the fair value of derivative instruments are $(5) million classified as assets and $7 million classified as liabilities.

(2)

Unrealized net capital gains and losses for limited partnership interests represent the Company’s share of EMA limited partnerships’ other comprehensive income. Fair value and gross gains and losses are not applicable.

(3)

The insurance reserves adjustment represents the amount by which the reserve balance would increase if the net unrealized gains in the applicable product portfolios were realized and reinvested at current lower interest rates, resulting in a premium deficiency. Although the Company evaluates premium deficiencies on the combined performance of life insurance and immediate annuities with life contingencies, the adjustment primarily relates to structured settlement annuities with life contingencies, in addition to annuity buy-outs and certain payout annuities with life contingencies.

(4)

The DAC and DSI adjustment balance represents the amount by which the amortization of DAC and DSI would increase or decrease if the unrealized gains or losses in the respective product portfolios were realized.

 

60



 

 

 

 

Fair

 

 

 

Gross unrealized

 

Unrealized net

 

 

December 31, 2010

 

 

value

 

 

 

Gains

 

 

 

Losses

 

 

gains (losses)

 

 

Fixed income securities

 

$

48,214

 

 

$

2,422

 

 

$

(1,694

)

 

728

 

 

Equity securities

 

 

211

 

 

 

48

 

 

 

(1

)

 

 

47

 

 

Short-term investments

 

 

1,257

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

Derivative instruments (1)

 

 

(17

)

 

 

2

 

 

 

(19

)

 

 

(17

)

 

Unrealized net capital gains and losses, pre-tax

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

758

 

 

Amounts recognized for:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Insurance reserves

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(9

)

 

DAC and DSI

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

87

 

 

Amounts recognized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

78

 

 

Deferred income taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(298

)

 

Unrealized net capital gains and losses, after-tax

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

538

 

 

 


(1)

Included in the fair value of derivative instruments are $2 million classified as assets and $19 million classified as liabilities.

 

Change in unrealized net capital gains and losses

 

The change in unrealized net capital gains and losses for the years ended December 31 is as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

 

2011

 

 

 

2010

 

 

 

2009

 

 

Fixed income securities

 

$

1,219

 

 

$

2,912

 

 

$

4,506

 

 

Equity securities

 

 

(11

)

 

 

23

 

 

 

48

 

 

Short-term investments

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

(3

)

 

Derivative instruments

 

 

5

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

(32

)

 

EMA limited partnership interests

 

 

1

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

Total

 

 

1,214

 

 

 

2,936

 

 

 

4,519

 

 

Amounts recognized for:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Insurance reserves

 

 

(585

)

 

 

(9

)

 

 

378

 

 

DAC and DSI

 

 

(207

)

 

 

(730

)

 

 

(2,549

)

 

Amounts recognized

 

 

(792

)

 

 

(739

)

 

 

(2,171

)

 

Deferred income taxes

 

 

(147

)

 

 

(770

)

 

 

(818

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Increase in unrealized net capital gains and losses

 

$

275

 

 

$

1,427

 

 

$

1,530

 

 

 

Portfolio monitoring

 

The Company has a comprehensive portfolio monitoring process to identify and evaluate each fixed income and equity security whose carrying value may be other-than-temporarily impaired.

 

For each fixed income security in an unrealized loss position, the Company assesses whether management with the appropriate authority has made the decision to sell or whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis for reasons such as liquidity, contractual or regulatory purposes.  If a security meets either of these criteria, the security’s decline in fair value is considered other than temporary and is recorded in earnings.

 

If the Company has not made the decision to sell the fixed income security and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the fixed income security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company evaluates whether it expects to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security.  The Company calculates the estimated recovery value by discounting the best estimate of future cash flows at the security’s original or current effective rate, as appropriate, and compares this to the amortized cost of the security.  If the Company does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the fixed income security, the credit loss component of the impairment is recorded in earnings, with the remaining amount of the unrealized loss related to other factors recognized in other comprehensive income.

 

For equity securities, the Company considers various factors, including whether it has the intent and ability to hold the equity security for a period of time sufficient to recover its cost basis.  Where the Company lacks the intent and ability to hold to recovery, or believes the recovery period is extended, the equity security’s decline in fair value is considered other than temporary and is recorded in earnings.  For equity securities managed by a third party, the

 

61



 

Company has contractually retained its decision making authority as it pertains to selling equity securities that are in an unrealized loss position.

 

The Company’s portfolio monitoring process includes a quarterly review of all securities to identify instances where the fair value of a security compared to its amortized cost (for fixed income securities) or cost (for equity securities) is below established thresholds.  The process also includes the monitoring of other impairment indicators such as ratings, ratings downgrades and payment defaults.  The securities identified, in addition to other securities for which the Company may have a concern, are evaluated for potential other-than-temporary impairment using all reasonably available information relevant to the collectability or recovery of the security.  Inherent in the Company’s evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment for these fixed income and equity securities are assumptions and estimates about the financial condition and future earnings potential of the issue or issuer.  Some of the factors that may be considered in evaluating whether a decline in fair value is other than temporary are: 1) the financial condition, near-term and long-term prospects of the issue or issuer, including relevant industry specific market conditions and trends, geographic location and implications of rating agency actions and offering prices; 2) the specific reasons that a security is in an unrealized loss position, including overall market conditions which could affect liquidity; and 3) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost or cost.

 

The following table summarizes the gross unrealized losses and fair value of fixed income and equity securities by the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

 

($ in millions)

 

Less than 12 months

 

 

12 months or more

 

 

Total

 

 

 

 

Number

 

 

 

Fair

 

 

 

Unrealized

 

 

 

Number

 

 

 

Fair

 

 

 

Unrealized

 

 

 

unrealized

 

 

 

 

of issues

 

 

 

value

 

 

 

losses

 

 

 

of issues

 

 

 

value

 

 

 

losses

 

 

 

losses

 

 

December 31, 2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Municipal

 

8

 

 

$

67

 

 

$

(7

)

 

 

97

 

 

$

624

 

 

$

(107

)

 

$

(114

)

 

Corporate

 

226

 

 

 

2,025

 

 

 

(72

)

 

 

100

 

 

 

1,207

 

 

 

(254

)

 

 

(326

)

 

Foreign government

 

7

 

 

 

41

 

 

 

(1

)

 

 

1

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

(1

)

 

RMBS

 

140

 

 

 

152

 

 

 

(4

)

 

 

161

 

 

 

809

 

 

 

(310

)

 

 

(314

)

 

CMBS

 

42

 

 

 

361

 

 

 

(47

)

 

 

68

 

 

 

488

 

 

 

(177

)

 

 

(224

)

 

ABS

 

32

 

 

 

255

 

 

 

(13

)

 

 

107

 

 

 

1,010

 

 

 

(268

)

 

 

(281

)

 

Redeemable preferred stock

 

1

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

Total fixed income securities

 

456

 

 

 

2,901

 

 

 

(144

)

 

 

534

 

 

 

4,139

 

 

 

(1,116

)

 

 

(1,260

)

 

Equity securities

 

3

 

 

 

35

 

 

 

(2

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

(2

)

 

Total fixed income and equity securities

 

459

 

 

$

2,936

 

 

$

(146

)

 

 

534

 

 

$

4,139

 

 

$

(1,116

)

 

$

(1,262

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investment grade fixed income securities

 

351

 

 

$

2,439

 

 

$

(111

)

 

 

328

 

 

$

2,869

 

 

$

(626

)

 

$

(737

)

 

Below investment grade fixed income securities

 

105

 

 

 

462

 

 

 

(33

)

 

 

206

 

 

 

1,270

 

 

 

(490

)

 

 

(523

)

 

Total fixed income securities

 

456

 

 

$

2,901

 

 

$

(144

)

 

 

534

 

 

$

4,139

 

 

$

(1,116

)

 

$

(1,260

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2010

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. government and agencies

 

13

 

 

$

348

 

 

$

(9

)

 

 

--

 

 

$

--

 

 

$

--

 

 

$

(9

)

 

Municipal

 

142

 

 

 

1,718

 

 

 

(55

)

 

 

170

 

 

 

1,145

 

 

 

(239

)

 

 

(294

)

 

Corporate

 

340

 

 

 

3,805

 

 

 

(144

)

 

 

143

 

 

 

1,951

 

 

 

(225

)

 

 

(369

)

 

Foreign government

 

16

 

 

 

191

 

 

 

(8

)

 

 

1

 

 

 

10

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

(8

)

 

RMBS

 

108

 

 

 

143

 

 

 

(3

)

 

 

246

 

 

 

1,266

 

 

 

(448

)

 

 

(451

)

 

CMBS

 

11

 

 

 

123

 

 

 

(2

)

 

 

114

 

 

 

836

 

 

 

(272

)

 

 

(274

)

 

ABS

 

33

 

 

 

262

 

 

 

(4

)

 

 

130

 

 

 

1,288

 

 

 

(285

)

 

 

(289

)

 

Total fixed income securities

 

663

 

 

 

6,590

 

 

 

(225

)

 

 

804

 

 

 

6,496

 

 

 

(1,469

)

 

 

(1,694

)

 

Equity securities

 

3

 

 

 

17

 

 

 

(1

)

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

--

 

 

 

(1

)

 

Total fixed income and equity securities

 

666

 

 

$

6,607

 

 

$

(226

)

 

 

804

 

 

$

6,496

 

 

$

(1,469

)

 

$

(1,695

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investment grade fixed income securities

 

600

 

 

$

6,222

 

 

$

(209

)

 

 

559

 

 

$

4,853

 

 

$

(782

)

 

$

(991

)

 

Below investment grade fixed income securities

 

63

 

 

 

368

 

 

 

(16

)

 

 

245

 

 

 

1,643

 

 

 

(687

)

 

 

(703

)

 

Total fixed income securities

 

663

 

 

$

6,590

 

 

$

(225

)

 

 

804

 

 

$

6,496

 

 

$

(1,469

)

 

$

(1,694

)

 

 

As of December 31, 2011, $352 million of unrealized losses are related to securities with an unrealized loss position less than 20% of amortized cost or cost, the degree of which suggests that these securities do not pose a high risk of being other-than-temporarily impaired.  Of the $352 million, $274 million are related to unrealized losses on investment grade fixed income securities.  Investment grade is defined as a security having a rating of Aaa,

 

62



 

Aa, A or Baa from Moody’s, a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from S&P, Fitch, Dominion or Realpoint, a rating of aaa, aa, a or bbb from A.M. Best, or a comparable internal rating if an externally provided rating is not available.  Unrealized losses on investment grade securities are principally related to widening credit spreads or rising interest rates since the time of initial purchase.

 

As of December 31, 2011, the remaining $910 million of unrealized losses are related to securities in unrealized loss positions greater than or equal to 20% of amortized cost or cost.  Investment grade fixed income securities comprising $463 million of these unrealized losses were evaluated based on factors such as expected cash flows and the financial condition and near-term and long-term prospects of the issue or issuer and were determined to have adequate resources to fulfill contractual obligations.  Of the $910 million, $447 million are related to below investment grade fixed income securities.  Of these amounts, $305 million of the below investment grade fixed income securities had been in an unrealized loss position greater than or equal to 20% of amortized cost for a period of twelve or more consecutive months as of December 31, 2011.  Unrealized losses on below investment grade securities are principally related to RMBS, CMBS and ABS and were the result of wider credit spreads resulting from higher risk premiums since the time of initial purchase, largely due to macroeconomic conditions and credit market deterioration, including the impact of lower real estate valuations.

 

RMBS, CMBS and ABS in an unrealized loss position were evaluated based on actual and projected collateral losses relative to the securities’ positions in the respective securitization trusts, security specific expectations of cash flows, and credit ratings.  This evaluation also takes into consideration credit enhancement, measured in terms of (i) subordination from other classes of securities in the trust that are contractually obligated to absorb losses before the class of security the Company owns, (ii) the expected impact of other structural features embedded in the securitization trust beneficial to the class of securities the Company owns, such as overcollateralization and excess spread, and (iii) for RMBS and ABS in an unrealized loss position, credit enhancements from reliable bond insurers, where applicable.  Municipal bonds in an unrealized loss position were evaluated based on the quality of the underlying securities.  Unrealized losses on equity securities are primarily related to temporary equity market fluctuations of securities that are expected to recover.

 

As of December 31, 2011, the Company has not made the decision to sell and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell fixed income securities with unrealized losses before recovery of the amortized cost basis.  As of December 31, 2011, the Company had the intent and ability to hold equity securities with unrealized losses for a period of time sufficient for them to recover.

 

Limited partnerships

 

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the carrying value of equity method limited partnership interests totaled $858 million and $610 million, respectively.  The Company recognizes an impairment loss for equity method investments when evidence demonstrates that the loss is other than temporary.  Evidence of a loss in value that is other than temporary may include the absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the inability of the investee to sustain a level of earnings that would justify the carrying amount of the investment.  In 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Company had write-downs related to equity method limited partnership interests of $1 million, $1 million and $5 million, respectively.

 

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the carrying value for cost method limited partnership interests was $754 million and $662 million, respectively.  To determine if an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred, the Company evaluates whether an impairment indicator has occurred in the period that may have a significant adverse effect on the carrying value of the investment.  Impairment indicators may include: significantly reduced valuations of the investments held by the limited partnerships; actual recent cash flows received being significantly less than expected cash flows; reduced valuations based on financing completed at a lower value; completed sale of a material underlying investment at a price significantly lower than expected; or any other adverse events since the last financial statements received that might affect the fair value of the investee’s capital.  Additionally, the Company’s portfolio monitoring process includes a quarterly review of all cost method limited partnerships to identify instances where the net asset value is below established thresholds for certain periods of time, as well as investments that are performing below expectations, for further impairment consideration.  If a cost method limited partnership is other-than-temporarily impaired, the carrying value is written down to fair value, generally estimated to be equivalent to the reported net asset value of the underlying funds.  In 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Company had write-downs related to cost method investments of $2 million, $22 million and $143 million, respectively.

 

63



 

Mortgage loans

 

The Company’s mortgage loans are commercial mortgage loans collateralized by a variety of commercial real estate property types located throughout the United States and totaled, net of valuation allowance, $6.55 billion as of both December 31, 2011 and 2010.  Substantially all of the commercial mortgage loans are non-recourse to the borrower.  The following table shows the principal geographic distribution of commercial real estate represented in the Company’s mortgage loan portfolio.  No other state represented more than 5% of the portfolio as of December 31.

 

(% of mortgage loan portfolio carrying value)

 

2011

 

2010

 

California

 

22.8

 %

23.5

 %

Illinois

 

8.9

 

9.3

 

New Jersey

 

7.0

 

6.6

 

New York

 

6.3

 

6.7

 

Texas

 

5.7

 

5.3

 

Pennsylvania

 

5.6

 

5.6

 

Massachusetts

 

5.0

 

4.1

 

 

The types of properties collateralizing the mortgage loans as of December 31 are as follows:

 

(% of mortgage loan portfolio carrying value)

 

2011

 

2010

 

Office buildings

 

29.0

 %

32.0

 %

Retail

 

26.0

 

27.5

 

Warehouse

 

20.1

 

21.8

 

Apartment complex

 

16.6

 

12.8

 

Other

 

8.3

 

5.9

 

     Total

 

100.0

 %

100.0

 %

 

The contractual maturities of the mortgage loan portfolio as of December 31, 2011, excluding $43 million of mortgage loans in the process of foreclosure, are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

Number
of loans

 

Carrying
value

 

Percent

 

2012

 

56

$ 

554

 

8.5

 %

2013

 

58

 

454

 

7.0

 

2014

 

69

 

913

 

14.0

 

2015

 

64

 

937

 

14.4

 

Thereafter

 

349

 

3,645

 

56.1

 

    Total

 

596

$ 

6,503

 

100.0

 %

 

Mortgage loans are evaluated for impairment on a specific loan basis through a quarterly credit monitoring process and review of key credit quality indicators.  Mortgage loans are considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will not collect the contractual principal and interest.  Valuation allowances are established for impaired loans to reduce the carrying value to the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell or the present value of the loan’s expected future repayment cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate.  Impaired mortgage loans may not have a valuation allowance when the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell is higher than the carrying value.  Mortgage loan valuation allowances are charged off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery.  The impairment evaluation is non-statistical in respect to the aggregate portfolio but considers facts and circumstances attributable to each loan.  It is not considered probable that additional impairment losses, beyond those identified on a specific loan basis, have been incurred as of December 31, 2011.

 

Accrual of income is suspended for mortgage loans that are in default or when full and timely collection of principal and interest payments is not probable.  Cash receipts on mortgage loans on nonaccrual status are generally recorded as a reduction of carrying value.

 

Debt service coverage ratio is considered a key credit quality indicator when mortgage loans are evaluated for impairment.  Debt service coverage ratio represents the amount of estimated cash flows from the property available to the borrower to meet principal and interest payment obligations.  Debt service coverage ratio estimates are updated annually or more frequently if conditions are warranted based on the Company’s credit monitoring process.

 

64



 

The following table reflects the carrying value of non-impaired fixed rate and variable rate mortgage loans summarized by debt service coverage ratio distribution as of December 31:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

Debt service coverage
ratio distribution

 

Fixed rate
mortgage
loans

 

Variable rate
mortgage
loans

 

Total

 

Fixed rate
mortgage
loans

 

Variable rate
mortgage
loans

 

Total

 

Below 1.0

$ 

345

$ 

--

$ 

345

$ 

275

$ 

--

$ 

275

 

1.0 - 1.25

 

1,488

 

--

 

1,488

 

1,571

 

16

 

1,587

 

1.26 - 1.50

 

1,475

 

19

 

1,494

 

1,478

 

--

 

1,478

 

Above 1.50

 

2,847

 

128

 

2,975

 

2,484

 

546

 

3,030

 

Total non-impaired mortgage loans

$ 

6,155

$ 

147

$ 

6,302

$ 

5,808

$ 

562

$ 

6,370

 

 

Mortgage loans with a debt service coverage ratio below 1.0 that are not considered impaired primarily relate to instances where the borrower has the financial capacity to fund the revenue shortfalls from the properties for the foreseeable term, the decrease in cash flows from the properties is considered temporary, or there are other risk mitigating circumstances such as additional collateral, escrow balances or borrower guarantees.

 

The net carrying value of impaired mortgage loans as of December 31 is as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

Impaired mortgage loans with a valuation allowance

$ 

244

$ 

168

 

Impaired mortgage loans without a valuation allowance

 

--

 

15

 

Total impaired mortgage loans

$ 

244

$ 

183

 

Valuation allowance on impaired mortgage loans

$ 

63

$ 

84

 

 

The average balance of impaired loans was $ 207 million, $ 275 million and $ 313 million during 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

The rollforward of the valuation allowance on impaired mortgage loans for the years ended December 31 is as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Beginning balance

$ 

84

$ 

94

$ 

3

 

Net increase in valuation allowance

 

33

 

65

 

96

 

Charge offs

 

(54)

 

(75)

 

(5)

 

Ending balance

$ 

63

$ 

84

$ 

94

 

 

The carrying value of past due mortgage loans as of December 31 is as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

Less than 90 days past due

$ 

--

$ 

12

 

90 days or greater past due

 

43

 

78

 

Total past due

 

43

 

90

 

Current loans

 

6,503

 

6,463

 

Total mortgage loans

$ 

6,546

$ 

6,553

 

 

Municipal bonds

 

The Company maintains a diversified portfolio of municipal bonds.  The following table shows the principal geographic distribution of municipal bond issuers represented in the Company’s portfolio as of December 31.  No other state represents more than 5% of the portfolio.

 

(% of municipal bond portfolio carrying value)

 

2011

 

2010

 

California

 

14.1

 %

14.7

 %

Texas

 

11.1

 

11.9

 

New York

 

7.7

 

7.8

 

Delaware

 

5.2

 

5.3

 

 

65



 

Concentration of credit risk

 

As of December 31, 2011, the Company is not exposed to any credit concentration risk of a single issuer and its affiliates greater than 10% of the Company’s shareholder’s equity.

 

Securities loaned

 

The Company’s business activities include securities lending programs with third parties, mostly large banks.  As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, fixed income securities with a carrying value of $213 million and $448 million, respectively, were on loan under these agreements.  In return, the Company receives cash that it invests and includes in short-term investments and fixed income securities, with an offsetting liability recorded in other liabilities and accrued expenses to account for the Company’s obligation to return the collateral.  Interest income on collateral, net of fees, was $1 million, $2 million and $2 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

Other investment information

 

Included in fixed income securities are below investment grade assets totaling $3.33 billion and $3.84 billion as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

As of December 31, 2011, fixed income securities and short-term investments with a carrying value of $67 million were on deposit with regulatory authorities as required by law.

 

As of December 31, 2011, the carrying value of fixed income securities and other investments that were non-income producing was $15 million.

 

6.  Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

 

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  The hierarchy for inputs used in determining fair value maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available.  Assets and liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at fair value are categorized in the fair value hierarchy based on the observability of inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

 

Level 1:     Assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that the Company can access.

 

Level 2:     Assets and liabilities whose values are based on the following:

 

(a)

Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

(b)

Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or

(c)

Valuation models whose inputs are observable, directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

 

Level 3:     Assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.  Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the assets and liabilities.

 

The availability of observable inputs varies by instrument.  In situations where fair value is based on internally developed pricing models or inputs that are unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment.  The degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is typically greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3.  In many instances, valuation inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy.  The category level in the fair value hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.  The Company uses prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of market disruption.  In periods of market disruption, the ability to observe prices and inputs may be reduced for many instruments.

 

The Company has two types of situations where investments are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.  The first is where quotes continue to be received from independent third-party valuation service providers and all significant inputs are market observable; however, there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset when compared to normal market activity such that the degree of market observability has

 

66



 

declined to a point where categorization as a Level 3 measurement is considered appropriate.  The indicators considered in determining whether a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for a specific asset has occurred include the level of new issuances in the primary market, trading volume in the secondary market, the level of credit spreads over historical levels, applicable bid-ask spreads, and price consensus among market participants and other pricing sources.

 

The second situation where the Company classifies securities in Level 3 is where specific inputs significant to the fair value estimation models are not market observable.  This occurs in two primary instances.  The first relates to the Company’s use of broker quotes to value certain securities where the inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable.  The second relates to auction rate securities (“ARS”) backed by student loans for which a key input, the anticipated date liquidity will return to this market, is not market observable.

 

Certain assets are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis, including investments such as mortgage loans, limited partnership interests, bank loans and policy loans.  Accordingly, such investments are only included in the fair value hierarchy disclosure when the investment is subject to remeasurement at fair value after initial recognition and the resulting remeasurement is reflected in the consolidated financial statements.  In addition, derivatives embedded in fixed income securities are not disclosed in the hierarchy as free-standing derivatives since they are presented with the host contracts in fixed income securities.

 

In determining fair value, the Company principally uses the market approach which generally utilizes market transaction data for the same or similar instruments.  To a lesser extent, the Company uses the income approach which involves determining fair values from discounted cash flow methodologies.  For the majority of Level 2 and Level 3 valuations, a combination of the market and income approaches is used.

 

Summary of significant valuation techniques for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

 

Level 1 measurements

 

·                  Fixed income securities:  Comprise U.S. Treasuries.  Valuation is based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that the Company can access.

 

·                  Equity securities:  Comprise actively traded, exchange-listed U.S. and international equity securities. Valuation is based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that the Company can access.

 

·                  Short-term:  Comprise actively traded money market funds that have daily quoted net asset values for identical assets that the Company can access.

 

·                  Separate account assets:  Comprise actively traded mutual funds that have daily quoted net asset values for identical assets that the Company can access.  Net asset values for the actively traded mutual funds in which the separate account assets are invested are obtained daily from the fund managers.

 

Level 2 measurements

 

·                  Fixed income securities:

 

U.S. government and agencies:  The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.

 

Municipal:  The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.

 

Corporate, including privately placed:  The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.  Also included are privately placed securities valued using a discounted cash flow model that is widely accepted in the financial services industry and uses market observable inputs and inputs derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.  The primary inputs to the discounted cash flow model include an interest rate yield curve, as well as published credit spreads for similar assets in markets that are not active that incorporate the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer.

 

Foreign government:  The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.

 

67



 

RMBS and ABS:  The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields, prepayment speeds, collateral performance and credit spreads.  Certain ABS are valued based on non-binding broker quotes whose inputs have been corroborated to be market observable.

 

CMBS:  The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields, collateral performance and credit spreads.

 

Redeemable preferred stock:  The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields, underlying stock prices and credit spreads.

 

·                  Equity securities:  The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices or quoted net asset values for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active.

 

·                  Short-term:  The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.  For certain short-term investments, amortized cost is used as the best estimate of fair value.

 

·                  Other investments:  Free-standing exchange listed derivatives that are not actively traded are valued based on quoted prices for identical instruments in markets that are not active.

 

OTC derivatives, including interest rate swaps, foreign currency swaps, certain options and certain credit default swaps, are valued using models that rely on inputs such as interest rate yield curves, currency rates, and counterparty credit spreads that are observable for substantially the full term of the contract.  The valuation techniques underlying the models are widely accepted in the financial services industry and do not involve significant judgment.

 

Level 3 measurements

 

·                  Fixed income securities:

 

Municipal:  ARS primarily backed by student loans that have become illiquid due to failures in the auction market are valued using a discounted cash flow model that is widely accepted in the financial services industry and uses significant non-market observable inputs, including estimates of future coupon rates if auction failures continue, the anticipated date liquidity will return to the market and illiquidity premium.  Also included are municipal bonds that are not rated by third party credit rating agencies but are rated by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”).  The primary inputs to the valuation of these municipal bonds include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that exhibit less liquidity relative to those markets supporting Level 2 fair value measurements, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.

 

Corporate, including privately placed:  Primarily valued based on non-binding broker quotes where the inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable.  Also included are equity-indexed notes which are valued using a discounted cash flow model that is widely accepted in the financial services industry and uses significant non-market observable inputs, such as volatility.  Other inputs include an interest rate yield curve, as well as published credit spreads for similar assets that incorporate the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer.

 

RMBS, CMBS and ABS:  Valued based on non-binding broker quotes received from brokers who are familiar with the investments and where the inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable.

 

·                  Other investments:  Certain OTC derivatives, such as interest rate caps and floors, certain credit default swaps and certain options (including swaptions), are valued using models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry.  These are categorized as Level 3 as a result of the significance of non-market observable inputs such as volatility.  Other primary inputs include interest rate yield curves and credit spreads.

 

·                  Contractholder funds:  Derivatives embedded in certain life and annuity contracts are valued internally using models widely accepted in the financial services industry that determine a single best estimate of fair value for the embedded derivatives within a block of contractholder liabilities.  The models primarily use stochastically determined cash flows based on the contractual elements of embedded derivatives, projected

 

68



 

option cost and applicable market data, such as interest rate yield curves and equity index volatility assumptions.  These are categorized as Level 3 as a result of the significance of non-market observable inputs.

 

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis

 

Mortgage loans written-down to fair value in connection with recognizing impairments are valued based on the fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell.  Limited partnership interests written-down to fair value in connection with recognizing other-than-temporary impairments are valued using net asset values.

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2011:

 

($ in millions)

 

Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets

(Level 1)

 

Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)

 

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)

 

Counterparty
and cash
collateral
netting

 

Balance
as of
December 31,
2011

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. government and agencies

1,614

$  

1,129

--

 

 

2,743

 

Municipal

 

--

 

4,305

 

387

 

 

 

4,692

 

Corporate

 

--

 

29,085

 

1,319

 

 

 

30,404

 

Foreign government

 

--

 

1,068

 

--

 

 

 

1,068

 

RMBS

 

--

 

2,667

 

47

 

 

 

2,714

 

CMBS

 

--

 

1,653

 

30

 

 

 

1,683

 

ABS

 

--

 

1,854

 

254

 

 

 

2,108

 

Redeemable preferred stock

 

--

 

15

 

1

 

 

 

16

 

Total fixed income securities

 

1,614

 

41,776

 

2,038

 

 

 

45,428

 

Equity securities

 

127

 

38

 

14

 

 

 

179

 

Short-term investments

 

46

 

547

 

--

 

 

 

593

 

Other investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Free-standing derivatives

 

--

 

268

 

1

$  

(103)

 

166

 

Separate account assets

 

6,984

 

--

 

--

 

 

 

6,984

 

Other assets

 

--

 

--

 

1

 

 

 

1

 

Total recurring basis assets

 

8,771

 

42,629

 

2,054

 

(103)

 

53,351

 

Non-recurring basis (1)

 

--

 

--

 

24

 

 

 

24

 

Total assets at fair value

8,771

$  

42,629

2,078

$  

(103)

53,375

 

% of total assets at fair value

 

16.4 %

 

79.9 %

 

3.9 %

 

(0.2) %

 

100.0 %

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contractholder funds:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts

--

$  

--

(723)

 

 

(723)

 

Other liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Free-standing derivatives    

 

--

 

(96)

 

(89)

$  

60

 

(125)

 

Total liabilities at fair value

--

$  

(96)

(812)

$  

60

(848)

 

% of total liabilities at fair value

 

-- %

 

11.3 %

 

95.8 %

 

(7.1) %

 

100.0 %

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)    Includes $19 million of mortgage loans and $5 million of other investments written-down to fair value in connection with recognizing other-than-temporary impairments.

 

69



 

The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2010:

 

($ in millions)

 

Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets

(Level 1)

 

Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)

 

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)

 

Counterparty
and cash
collateral
netting

 

Balance
as of
December 31,
2010

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. government and agencies

882

$  

2,612

--

 

 

3,494

 

Municipal

 

--

 

4,372

 

601

 

 

 

4,973

 

Corporate

 

--

 

26,890

 

1,760

 

 

 

28,650

 

Foreign government

 

--

 

2,257

 

--

 

 

 

2,257

 

RMBS

 

--

 

3,166

 

1,189

 

 

 

4,355

 

CMBS

 

--

 

1,059

 

844

 

 

 

1,903

 

ABS

 

--

 

593

 

1,974

 

 

 

2,567

 

Redeemable preferred stock

 

--

 

14

 

1

 

 

 

15

 

Total fixed income securities

 

882

 

40,963

 

6,369

 

 

 

48,214

 

Equity securities

 

137

 

45

 

29

 

 

 

211

 

Short-term investments

 

72

 

1,185

 

--

 

 

 

1,257

 

Other investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Free-standing derivatives

 

--

 

602

 

10

$  

(225)

 

387

 

Separate account assets

 

8,676

 

--

 

--

 

 

 

8,676

 

Other assets

 

--

 

--

 

1

 

 

 

1

 

Total recurring basis assets

 

9,767

 

42,795

 

6,409

 

(225)

 

58,746

 

Non-recurring basis (1)

 

--

 

--

 

117

 

 

 

117

 

Total assets at fair value

9,767

$  

42,795

6,526

$  

(225)

58,863

 

% of total assets at fair value

 

16.6 %

 

72.7 %

 

11.1 %

 

(0.4) %

 

100.0 %

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contractholder funds:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts

--

$  

--

(653)

 

 

(653)

 

Other liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Free-standing derivatives    

 

--

 

(455)

 

(87)

$  

221

 

(321)

 

Total liabilities at fair value

--

$  

(455)

(740)

$  

221

(974)

 

% of total liabilities at fair value

 

 -- %

 

46.7 %

 

76.0 %

 

(22.7) %

 

100.0 %

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)   Includes $111 million of mortgage loans and $6 million of limited partnership interests written-down to fair value in connection with recognizing other-than-temporary impairments.

 

70



 

The following table presents the rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value on a recurring basis during the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

($ in millions)

 

 

 

Total realized and
unrealized gains (losses)
included in:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance
as of
December 31,
2010

 

Net
income 
(1)

 

OCI on
Statement of
Financial
Position

 

Transfers
into
Level 3

 

Transfers
out of
Level 3

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Fixed income securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Municipal

$

601

(2)

7

48

(34)

 

Corporate

 

1,760

 

52

 

(35)

 

237

 

(410)

 

RMBS

 

1,189

 

(57)

 

77

 

 

(853)

 

CMBS

 

844

 

(43)

 

111

 

65

 

(878)

 

ABS

 

1,974

 

21

 

(65)

 

--

 

(1,470)

 

Redeemable preferred stock

 

1

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Total fixed income securities

 

6,369

 

(29)

 

95

 

350

 

(3,645)

 

Equity securities

 

29

 

(5)

 

--

 

--

 

(10)

 

 Other investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   Free-standing derivatives, net

 

(77)

 

(37)

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Other assets

 

1

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Total recurring Level 3 assets

$

6,322

(71)

95

350

(3,655)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contractholder funds:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts

$

(653)

(134)

--

--

--

 

Total recurring Level 3 liabilities

$

(653)

(134)

--

--

--

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Purchases

 

Sales

 

Issuances

 

Settlements

 

Balance as of
December 31,
2011

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Fixed income securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Municipal

$

10

(241)

--

(2)

387

 

Corporate

 

266

 

(473)

 

--

 

(78)

 

1,319

 

RMBS

 

--

 

(222)

 

--

 

(87)

 

47

 

CMBS

 

--

 

(66)

 

--

 

(3)

 

30

 

ABS

 

146

 

(136)

 

--

 

(216)

 

254

 

Redeemable preferred stock

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

 

1

 

Total fixed income securities

 

422

 

(1,138)

 

--

 

(386)

 

2,038

 

Equity securities

 

1

 

(1)

 

--

 

 

14

 

 Other investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   Free-standing derivatives, net

 

18

 

--

 

--

 

8

 

(88)

(2)

Other assets

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

1

 

Total recurring Level 3 assets

$

441

(1,139)

--

(378)

1,965

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contractholder funds:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts

$

--

--

(100)

164

(723)

 

Total recurring Level 3 liabilities

$

--

--

(100)

164

(723)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)    The effect to net income totals $(205) million and is reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as follows: $(101) million in realized capital gains and losses, $34 million in net investment income, $(106) million in interest credited to contractholder funds and $(32) million in contract benefits.

 

(2)  Comprises $1 million of assets and $89 million of liabilities.

 

71



 

The following table presents the rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value on a recurring basis during the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

($ in millions)

 

 

 

Total realized and
unrealized gains (losses)
included in:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance
as of
December 31,
2009

 

Net
income 
(1)

 

OCI on
Statement of
Financial
Position

 

Purchases, sales,
issuances and
settlements, net

 

Transfers
into
Level 3

 

Transfers
out of
Level 3

 

Balance as of
December 31,
2010

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Municipal

$

746

$

(10)

8

(95)

19

(67)

601

 

Corporate

 

2,020

 

23

 

128

 

(285)

 

403

 

(529)

 

1,760

 

Foreign government

 

20

 

--

 

--

 

(20)

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

RMBS

 

1,052

 

(268)

 

475

 

(41)

 

--

 

(29)

 

1,189

 

CMBS

 

1,322

 

(235)

 

589

 

(525)

 

108

 

(415)

 

844

 

ABS

 

1,710

 

60

 

236

 

205

 

--

 

(237)

 

1,974

 

Redeemable preferred stock

 

1

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

1

 

Total fixed income securities

 

6,871

 

(430)

 

1,436

 

(761)

 

530

 

(1,277)

 

6,369

 

Equity securities

 

27

 

15

 

2

 

(13)

 

--

 

(2)

 

29

 

Other investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Free-standing derivatives, net

 

(53)

 

(43)

 

--

 

19

 

--

 

--

 

(77)

(2)

Other assets

 

2

 

(1)

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

1

 

Total recurring Level 3 assets

$

6,847

$

(459)

1,438

(755)

530

(1,279)

6,322

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contractholder funds:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts

$

(110)

$

(31)

--

3

(515)

--

(653)

 

Total recurring Level 3 liabilities

$

(110)

$

(31)

--

3

(515)

--

(653)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)   The effect to net income totals $(490) million and is reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as follows: $(522) million in realized capital gains and losses, $64 million in net investment income, $(1) million in interest credited to contractholder funds and $(31) million in contract benefits.

 

(2)   Comprises $10 million of assets and $87 million of liabilities.

 

Transfers between level categorizations may occur due to changes in the availability of market observable inputs, which generally are caused by changes in market conditions such as liquidity, trading volume or bid-ask spreads.  Transfers between level categorizations may also occur due to changes in the valuation source.  For example, in situations where a fair value quote is not provided by the Company’s independent third-party valuation service provider and as a result the price is stale or has been replaced with a broker quote whose inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable, the security is transferred into Level 3.  Transfers in and out of level categorizations are reported as having occurred at the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred.  Therefore, for all transfers into Level 3, all realized and changes in unrealized gains and losses in the quarter of transfer are reflected in the Level 3 rollforward table.

 

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during 2011 or 2010.

 

During 2011, certain RMBS, CMBS and ABS were transferred into Level 2 from Level 3 as a result of increased liquidity in the market and a sustained increase in market activity for these assets.  Additionally, certain ABS that are valued based on non-binding broker quotes were transferred into Level 2 from Level 3 since the inputs were corroborated to be market observable.  During 2010, certain CMBS and ABS were transferred into Level 2 from Level 3 as a result of increased liquidity in the market and a sustained increase in market activity for these assets.  When transferring these securities into Level 2, the Company did not change the source of fair value estimates or modify the estimates received from independent third-party valuation service providers or the internal valuation approach.  Accordingly, for securities included within this group, there was no change in fair value in conjunction with the transfer resulting in a realized or unrealized gain or loss.

 

Transfers into Level 3 during 2011 and 2010 included situations where a fair value quote was not provided by the Company’s independent third-party valuation service provider and as a result the price was stale or had been replaced with a broker quote where inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable resulting in the security being classified as Level 3.  Transfers out of Level 3 during 2011 and 2010 included situations where a broker quote was used in the prior period and a fair value quote became available from the Company’s independent third-party valuation service provider in the current period.  A quote utilizing the new pricing source was not

 

72



 

available as of the prior period, and any gains or losses related to the change in valuation source for individual securities were not significant.

 

Transfers into Level 3 during 2010 also included derivatives embedded in equity-indexed life and annuity contracts due to refinements in the valuation modeling resulting in an increase in significance of non-market observable inputs.

 

The following table provides the total gains and (losses) included in net income for Level 3 assets and liabilities still held as of December 31.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities:

 

 

 

 

 

Municipal

$ 

(2)

$ 

(7)

 

Corporate

 

19

 

37

 

RMBS

 

--

 

(203)

 

CMBS

 

(12)

 

(28)

 

ABS

 

(35)

 

52

 

Total fixed income securities

 

(30)

 

(149)

 

Equity securities

 

(4)

 

--

 

Other investments:

 

 

 

 

 

Free-standing derivatives, net

 

(29)

 

(26)

 

Other assets

 

--

 

(1)

 

Total recurring Level 3 assets

$ 

(63)

$ 

(176)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

Contractholder funds:

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts

$ 

(134)

$ 

(31)

 

Total recurring Level 3 liabilities

$ 

(134)

$ 

(31)

 

 

The amounts in the table above represent gains and losses included in net income during 2011 and 2010 for the period of time that the asset or liability was determined to be in Level 3.  These gains and losses total $(197) million in 2011 and are reported as follows: $(105) million in realized capital gains and losses, $42 million in net investment income, $(102) million in interest credited to contractholder funds and $(32) million in contract benefits.  These gains and losses total $(207) million in 2010 and are reported as follows: $(248) million in realized capital gains and losses, $74 million in net investment income, $(2) million in interest credited to contractholder funds and $(31) million in contract benefits.

 

73



 

The following table presents the rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value on a recurring basis during the year ended December 31, 2009.

 

($ in millions)

 

 

 

Total realized and unrealized
gains (losses) included in:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

gains (losses)
included in net
income for

financial

 

 

Balance as of

December 31,
2008

 

Net
income
(1)

 

OCI on
Statement of
Financial
Position

 

Purchases, sales,

issuances and

settlements, net

 

Net
transfers in
and/or (out)
of Level 3

 

Balance as of

December 31,
2009

 

instruments

still held as of

December 31,

2009 (3)

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed income securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Municipal

$  

703

$  

(3)

31

(39)

54

746

(1)

Corporate

 

9,867

 

18

 

1,158

 

(1,591)

 

(7,432)

 

2,020

 

54

Foreign government

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

30

 

(10)

 

20

 

--

RMBS

 

1,811

 

(125)

 

247

 

(304)

 

(577)

 

1,052

 

(96)

CMBS

 

410

 

(398)

 

801

 

(75)

 

584

 

1,322

 

(318)

ABS

 

1,341

 

(194)

 

852

 

(120)

 

(169)

 

1,710

 

(123)

Redeemable preferred stock

 

1

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

1

 

--

Total fixed income securities

 

14,133

 

(702)

 

3,089

 

(2,099)

 

(7,550)

 

6,871

 

(484)

Equity securities

 

27

 

(2)

 

3

 

(1)

 

--

 

27

 

(3)

Other investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Free-standing derivatives, net

 

(93)

 

76

 

--

 

(36)

 

--

 

(53)

(2)

98

Other assets

 

1

 

1

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

2

 

1

Total recurring Level 3 assets

$  

14,068

$  

(627)

3,092

(2,136)

(7,550)

6,847

(388)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contractholder funds:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts

$  

(265)

$  

148

--

7

--

(110)

148

Total recurring Level 3 liabilities

$  

(265)

$  

148

--

7

--

(110)

148

 

 

 

 

(1)

The effect to net income totals $(479) million and is reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as follows: $(719) million in realized capital gains and losses, $89 million in net investment income, $3 million in interest credited to contractholder funds and $148 million in contract benefits.

(2)

Comprises $32 million of assets and $85 million of liabilities.

(3)

The amounts represent gains and losses included in net income for the period of time that the asset or liability was determined to be in Level 3. These gains and losses total $(240) million and are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as follows: $(481) million in realized capital gains and losses, $87 million in net investment income, $6 million in interest credited to contractholder funds and $148 million in contract benefits.

 

Presented below are the carrying values and fair value estimates of financial instruments not carried at fair value.

 

Financial assets

 

($ in millions)

 

December 31, 2011

 

December 31, 2010

 

 

Carrying
value

 

Fair
value

 

Carrying
value

 

Fair
value

Mortgage loans

6,546

6,739

6,553

6,312

Limited partnership interests - cost basis

 

754

 

882

 

662

 

719

Bank loans

 

299

 

290

 

322

 

314

Notes due from related party

 

275

 

235

 

275

 

245

 

The fair value of mortgage loans is based on discounted contractual cash flows or, if the loans are impaired due to credit reasons, the fair value of collateral less costs to sell.  Risk adjusted discount rates are selected using current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar characteristics, using similar types of properties as collateral.  The fair value of limited partnership interests accounted for on the cost basis is determined using reported net asset values of the underlying funds.  The fair value of bank loans, which are reported in other investments, is based on broker quotes from brokers familiar with the loans and current market conditions.  The fair value of notes due from related party, which are reported in other investments, is based on discounted cash flow calculations using current interest rates for instruments with comparable terms.

 

74



 

Financial liabilities

 

($ in millions)

 

December 31, 2011

 

December 31, 2010

 

 

Carrying
value

 

Fair
value

 

Carrying
value

 

Fair
value

Contractholder funds on investment contracts

30,161

30,468

35,040

34,056

Notes due to related parties

 

700

 

659

 

677

 

649

Liability for collateral

 

263

 

263

 

465

 

465

 

The fair value of contractholder funds on investment contracts is based on the terms of the underlying contracts utilizing prevailing market rates for similar contracts adjusted for the Company’s own credit risk.  Deferred annuities included in contractholder funds are valued using discounted cash flow models which incorporate market value margins, which are based on the cost of holding economic capital, and the Company’s own credit risk.  Immediate annuities without life contingencies and fixed rate funding agreements are valued at the present value of future benefits using market implied interest rates which include the Company’s own credit risk.

 

The fair value of notes due to related parties is based on discounted cash flow calculations using current interest rates for instruments with comparable terms and considers the Company’s own credit risk.  The liability for collateral is valued at carrying value due to its short-term nature.

 

7.  Derivative Financial Instruments and Off-balance-sheet Financial Instruments

 

The Company uses derivatives to manage risks with certain assets and liabilities arising from the potential adverse impacts from changes in risk-free interest rates, negative equity market valuations, increases in credit spreads, and foreign currency fluctuations, and for asset replication.  The Company does not use derivatives for speculative purposes.

 

Asset-liability management is a risk management strategy that is principally employed to balance the respective interest-rate sensitivities of the Company’s assets and liabilities.  Depending upon the attributes of the assets acquired and liabilities issued, derivative instruments such as interest rate swaps, caps, floors, swaptions and futures are utilized to change the interest rate characteristics of existing assets and liabilities to ensure the relationship is maintained within specified ranges and to reduce exposure to rising or falling interest rates. The Company uses financial futures and interest rate swaps to hedge anticipated asset purchases and liability issuances and futures and options for hedging the equity exposure contained in equity indexed life and annuity product contracts that offer equity returns to contractholders.  In addition, the Company uses interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk inherent in funding agreements.  The Company uses foreign currency swaps primarily to reduce the foreign currency risk associated with issuing foreign currency denominated funding agreements and holding foreign currency denominated investments.  Credit default swaps are typically used to mitigate the credit risk within the Company’s fixed income portfolio.

 

Asset replication refers to the “synthetic” creation of assets through the use of derivatives and primarily investment grade host bonds to replicate securities that are either unavailable in the cash markets or more economical to acquire in synthetic form.  The Company replicates fixed income securities using a combination of a credit default swap and one or more highly rated fixed income securities to synthetically replicate the economic characteristics of one or more cash market securities.

 

The Company also has derivatives embedded in non-derivative host contracts that are required to be separated from the host contracts and accounted for at fair value.  The Company’s primary embedded derivatives are equity options in life and annuity product contracts, which provide equity returns to contractholders; equity-indexed notes containing equity call options, which provide a coupon payout that is determined using one or more equity-based indices; credit default swaps in synthetic collateralized debt obligations, which provide enhanced coupon rates as a result of selling credit protection; and conversion options in fixed income securities, which provide the Company with the right to convert the instrument into a predetermined number of shares of common stock.

 

When derivatives meet specific criteria, they may be designated as accounting hedges and accounted for as fair value, cash flow, foreign currency fair value or foreign currency cash flow hedges.  The Company designates certain of its interest rate and foreign currency swap contracts and certain investment risk transfer reinsurance agreements as fair value hedges when the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting the risk of changes in the fair value

 

75



 

of the hedged item.  The Company designates certain of its foreign currency swap contracts as cash flow hedges when the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting the exposure of variations in cash flows for the hedged risk that could affect net income.  Amounts are reclassified to net investment income or realized capital gains and losses as the hedged item affects net income.

 

The notional amounts specified in the contracts are used to calculate the exchange of contractual payments under the agreements and are generally not representative of the potential for gain or loss on these agreements.  However, the notional amounts specified in credit default swaps where the Company has sold credit protection represent the maximum amount of potential loss, assuming no recoveries.

 

Fair value, which is equal to the carrying value, is the estimated amount that the Company would receive or pay to terminate the derivative contracts at the reporting date.  The carrying value amounts for OTC derivatives are further adjusted for the effects, if any, of legally enforceable master netting agreements and are presented on a net basis, by counterparty agreement, in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.  For certain exchange traded derivatives, the exchange requires margin deposits as well as daily cash settlements of margin accounts.  As of December 31, 2011, the Company pledged $6 million of securities in the form of margin deposits.

 

For those derivatives which qualify for fair value hedge accounting, net income includes the changes in the fair value of both the derivative instrument and the hedged risk, and therefore reflects any hedging ineffectiveness.  For cash flow hedges, gains and losses are amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income and are reported in net income in the same period the forecasted transactions being hedged impact net income.  For embedded derivatives in fixed income securities, net income includes the change in fair value of the embedded derivative and accretion income related to the host instrument.

 

Non-hedge accounting is generally used for “portfolio” level hedging strategies where the terms of the individual hedged items do not meet the strict homogeneity requirements to permit the application of hedge accounting.  For non-hedge derivatives, net income includes changes in fair value and accrued periodic settlements, when applicable.  With the exception of non-hedge derivatives used for asset replication and non-hedge embedded derivatives, all of the Company’s derivatives are evaluated for their ongoing effectiveness as either accounting hedge or non-hedge derivative financial instruments on at least a quarterly basis.

 

76



 

The following table provides a summary of the volume and fair value positions of derivative instruments as well as their reporting location in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of December 31, 2011.

 

($ in millions, except number of contracts)

 

Asset derivatives

 

 

 

 

 

Volume (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance sheet location

 

Notional
amount

 

Number
of
contracts

 

Fair
value,
net

 

Gross
asset

 

Gross
liability

 

Derivatives designated as accounting hedging instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate swap agreements

 

Other investments

 

144

 

n/a

 

(8)

 

--

 

(8)

 

Foreign currency swap agreements

 

Other investments

 

127

 

n/a

 

(5)

 

3

 

(8)

 

Total

 

 

 

271

 

n/a

 

(13)

 

3

 

(16)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate swap agreements

 

Other investments

 

8,028

 

n/a

 

122

 

137

 

(15)

 

Interest rate swaption agreements

 

Other investments

 

500

 

n/a

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Interest rate cap and floor agreements

 

Other investments

 

1,591

 

n/a

 

(12)

 

--

 

(12)

 

Financial futures contracts and options

 

Other assets

 

n/a

 

40

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Equity and index contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options, futures and warrants (2)

 

Other investments

 

163

 

15,180

 

104

 

104

 

--

 

Options, futures and warrants

 

Other assets

 

n/a

 

1,011

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Foreign currency contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign currency swap agreements

 

Other investments

 

50

 

n/a

 

6

 

6

 

--

 

Embedded derivative financial instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conversion options

 

Fixed income securities

 

5

 

n/a

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Equity-indexed call options

 

Fixed income securities

 

150

 

n/a

 

11

 

11

 

--

 

Credit default swaps

 

Fixed income securities

 

170

 

n/a

 

(113)

 

--

 

(113)

 

Credit default contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Credit default swaps – buying protection

 

Other investments

 

110

 

n/a

 

2

 

4

 

(2)

 

Credit default swaps – selling protection

 

Other investments

 

32

 

n/a

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Other contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other contracts

 

Other investments

 

5

 

n/a

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Other contracts

 

Other assets

 

4

 

n/a

 

1

 

1

 

--

 

Total

 

 

 

10,808

 

16,231

 

121

 

263

 

(142)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total asset derivatives

 

 

 

11,079

 

16,231

 

108

 

266

 

(158)

 


(1)

Volume for OTC derivative contracts is represented by their notional amounts. Volume for exchange traded derivatives is represented by the number of contracts, which is the basis on which they are traded. (n/a = not applicable)

(2)

In addition to the number of contracts presented in the table, the Company held 837,100 stock warrants. Stock warrants can be converted to cash upon sale of those instruments or exercised for shares of common stock.

 

77



 

 

 

Liability derivatives

 

 

 

 

 

Volume (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance sheet location

 

Notional
amount

 

Number
of
contracts

 

Fair
value,
net

 

Gross
asset

 

Gross
liability

 

Derivatives designated as accounting hedging instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate swap agreements

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

28

 

n/a

 

(5)

--

 

(5)

 

Foreign currency swap agreements

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

50

 

n/a

 

(7)

 

--

 

(7)

 

Total

 

 

 

78

 

n/a

 

(12)

 

--

 

(12)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate swap agreements

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

85

 

n/a

 

8

 

8

 

--

 

Interest rate cap and floor agreements

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

914

 

n/a

 

(9)

 

--

 

(9)

 

Equity and index contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options and futures

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

n/a

 

14,985

 

(49)

 

--

 

(49)

 

Embedded derivative financial instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Guaranteed accumulation benefits

 

Contractholder funds

 

917

 

n/a

 

(105)

 

--

 

(105)

 

Guaranteed withdrawal benefits

 

Contractholder funds

 

613

 

n/a

 

(57)

 

--

 

(57)

 

Equity-indexed and forward starting options in life and annuity product contracts

 

Contractholder funds

 

3,996

 

n/a

 

(553)

 

--

 

(553)

 

Other embedded derivative financial instruments

 

Contractholder funds

 

85

 

n/a

 

(8)

 

--

 

(8)

 

Credit default contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Credit default swaps – buying protection

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

127

 

n/a

 

5

 

6

 

(1)

 

Credit default swaps – selling protection

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

270

 

n/a

 

(68)

 

1

 

(69)

 

Total

 

 

 

7,007

 

14,985

 

(836)

 

15

 

(851)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total liability derivatives

 

 

 

7,085

 

14,985

 

(848)

15

 

(863)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total derivatives

 

 

$  

 

18,164

 

31,216

 

(740)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Volume for OTC derivative contracts is represented by their notional amounts. Volume for exchange traded derivatives is represented by the number of contracts, which is the basis on which they are traded. (n/a = not applicable)

 

78



 

The following table provides a summary of the volume and fair value positions of derivative instruments as well as their reporting location in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of December 31, 2010.

 

($ in millions, except number of contracts)

 

Asset derivatives

 

 

 

 

 

Volume (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance sheet location

 

Notional
amount

 

Number
of
contracts

 

Fair
value,
net

 

Gross
asset

 

Gross
liability

 

Derivatives designated as accounting hedging instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate swap agreements

 

Other investments

156

 

n/a

 

(18)

 

--

 

(18

)

Foreign currency swap agreements

 

Other investments

 

64

 

n/a

 

2

 

3

 

(1

)

Total

 

 

 

220

 

n/a

 

(16)

 

3

 

(19

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate swap agreements

 

Other investments

 

1,094

 

n/a

 

79

 

81

 

(2

)

Interest rate cap and floor agreements

 

Other investments

 

226

 

n/a

 

(2)

 

1

 

(3

)

Financial futures contracts and options

 

Other assets

 

n/a

 

1,420

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Equity and index contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options, futures and warrants (2)

 

Other investments

 

64

 

20,451

 

327

 

327

 

--

 

Foreign currency contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign currency swap agreements

 

Other investments

 

90

 

n/a

 

6

 

6

 

--

 

Embedded derivative financial instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conversion options

 

Fixed income securities

 

287

 

n/a

 

84

 

84

 

--

 

Equity-indexed call options

 

Fixed income securities

 

300

 

n/a

 

47

 

47

 

--

 

Credit default swaps

 

Fixed income securities

 

179

 

n/a

 

(87)

 

--

 

(87

)

Credit default contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Credit default swaps – buying protection

 

Other investments

 

66

 

n/a

 

(1)

 

1

 

(2

)

Credit default swaps – selling protection

 

Other investments

 

42

 

n/a

 

(2)

 

1

 

(3

)

Other contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other contracts

 

Other investments

 

13

 

n/a

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Other contracts

 

Other assets

 

5

 

n/a

 

1

 

1

 

--

 

Total

 

 

 

2,366

 

21,871

 

452

 

549

 

(97

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total asset derivatives

 

 

2,586

 

21,871

 

436

 

552

 

(116

)

 

 

 

(1) 

Volume for OTC derivative contracts is represented by their notional amounts. Volume for exchange traded derivatives is represented by the number of contracts, which is the basis on which they are traded. (n/a = not applicable)

(2) 

In addition to the number of contracts presented in the table, the Company held 837,100 stock warrants. Stock warrants can be converted to cash upon sale of those instruments or exercised for shares of common stock.

 

79



 

 

 

Liability derivatives

 

 

 

 

 

Volume (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance sheet location

 

Notional
amount

 

Number
of
contracts

 

Fair
value,
net

 

 

Gross
asset

 

Gross
liability

 

Derivatives designated as accounting hedging instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate swap agreements

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

3,345

 

n/a

(181

)

20

(201

)

Interest rate swap agreements

 

Contractholder funds

 

--

 

n/a

 

2

 

 

2

 

--

 

Foreign currency swap agreements

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

138

 

n/a

 

(20

)

 

--

 

(20

)

Foreign currency and interest rate swap agreements

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

435

 

n/a

 

34

 

 

34

 

--

 

Foreign currency and interest rate swap agreements

 

Contractholder funds

 

--

 

n/a

 

28

 

 

28

 

--

 

Total

 

 

 

3,918

 

n/a

 

(137

)

 

84

 

(221

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate swap agreements

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

3,642

 

n/a

 

66

 

 

96

 

(30

)

Interest rate swaption agreements

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

750

 

n/a

 

4

 

 

4

 

--

 

Interest rate cap and floor agreements

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

3,216

 

n/a

 

(22

)

 

1

 

(23

)

Financial futures contracts and options

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

n/a

 

150

 

--

 

 

--

 

--

 

Equity and index contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options and futures

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

64

 

20,752

 

(168

)

 

2

 

(170

)

Embedded derivative financial instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Guaranteed accumulation benefits

 

Contractholder funds

 

1,067

 

n/a

 

(88

)

 

--

 

(88

)

Guaranteed withdrawal benefits

 

Contractholder funds

 

739

 

n/a

 

(47

)

 

--

 

(47

)

Equity-indexed and forward starting options in life and annuity product contracts

 

Contractholder funds

 

4,694

 

n/a

 

(515

)

 

--

 

(515

)

Other embedded derivative financial instruments

 

Contractholder funds

 

85

 

n/a

 

(3

)

 

--

 

(3

)

Credit default contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Credit default swaps – buying protection

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

181

 

n/a

 

(3

)

 

4

 

(7

)

Credit default swaps – selling protection

 

Other liabilities & accrued expenses

 

267

 

n/a

 

(61

)

 

1

 

(62

)

Total

 

 

 

14,705

 

20,902

 

(837

)

 

108

 

(945

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total liability derivatives

 

 

 

18,623

 

20,902

 

(974

)

192

(1,166

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total derivatives

 

 

21,209

 

42,773

(538

)

 

 

 

 

 


(1) Volume for OTC derivative contracts is represented by their notional amounts.  Volume for exchange traded derivatives is represented by the number of contracts, which is the basis on which they are traded.  (n/a = not applicable)

 

80



 

The following table provides a summary of the impacts of the Company’s foreign currency contracts in cash flow hedging relationships for the years ended December 31.  There is no expected amortization of net losses from accumulated other comprehensive income related to cash flow hedges during the next twelve months.

 

($ in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Effective portion

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives during the period

4

3

(35

)

Loss recognized in OCI on derivatives during the term of the hedging relationship

 

(12)

 

(17)

 

(18

)

Gain reclassified from AOCI into income (net investment income)

 

--

 

--

 

2

 

(Loss) gain reclassified from AOCI into income (realized capital gains and losses)

 

(1)

 

2

 

(3

)

Ineffective portion and amount excluded from effectiveness testing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gain recognized in income on derivatives (realized capital gains and losses)

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

 

The following tables present gains and losses from valuation, settlements and hedge ineffectiveness reported on derivatives used in fair value hedging relationships and derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

 

 

Net
investment
income

 

 

Realized
capital
gains and
losses

 

 

Contract
benefits

 

 

Interest credited
to contractholder
funds

 

 

Total gain
(loss)
recognized in
net income on
derivatives

 

Derivatives in fair value accounting hedging relationships

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate contracts

(2

)

(8

)

--

 

(5

)

(15

)

Foreign currency and interest rate contracts

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

(32

)

 

(32

)

Subtotal

 

(2

)

 

(8

)

 

--

 

 

(37

)

 

(47

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate contracts

 

--

 

 

(151

)

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

(151

)

Equity and index contracts

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

(2

)

 

(2

)

Embedded derivative financial instruments

 

--

 

 

(45

)

 

(32

)

 

(38

)

 

(115

)

Credit default contracts

 

--

 

 

2

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

2

 

Other contracts

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

7

 

 

7

 

Subtotal

 

--

 

 

(194

)

 

(32

)

 

(33

)

 

(259

)

Total

(2

)

(202

)

(32

)

(70

)

(306

)

 

 

 

2010

 

 

 

Net
investment
income

 

 

Realized
capital
gains and
losses

 

 

Contract
benefits

 

 

Interest credited
to contractholder
funds

 

 

Total gain
(loss)
recognized in
net income on
derivatives

 

Derivatives in fair value accounting hedging relationships

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate contracts

(139

)

9

 

--

 

11

 

(119

)

Foreign currency and interest rate contracts

 

--

 

 

(2

)

 

--

 

 

(18

)

 

(20

)

Subtotal

 

(139

)

 

7

 

 

--

 

 

(7

)

 

(139

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate contracts

 

--

 

 

(138

)

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

(138

)

Equity and index contracts

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

113

 

 

113

 

Embedded derivative financial instruments

 

--

 

 

8

 

 

(28

)

 

34

 

 

14

 

Foreign currency contracts

 

--

 

 

4

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

4

 

Credit default contracts

 

--

 

 

(6

)

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

(6

)

Other contracts

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

3

 

 

3

 

Subtotal

 

--

 

 

(132

)

 

(28

)

 

150

 

 

(10

)

Total

(139

)

(125

)

(28

)

143

 

(149

)

 

81



 

 

 

2009

 

 

 

Net
investment
income

 

 

Realized
capital
gains and
losses

 

 

Contract
benefits

 

 

Interest credited
to contractholder
funds

 

 

Total gain
(loss)
recognized in
net income on
derivatives

 

Derivatives in fair value accounting hedging relationships

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate contracts

30

 

12

 

--

 

(13

)

29

 

Foreign currency and interest rate contracts

 

--

 

 

(9

)

 

--

 

 

77

 

 

68

 

Subtotal

 

30

 

 

3

 

 

--

 

 

64

 

 

97

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate contracts

 

--

 

 

280

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

280

 

Equity and index contracts

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

115

 

 

115

 

Embedded derivative financial instruments

 

--

 

 

60

 

 

158

 

 

(184

)

 

34

 

Foreign currency contracts

 

--

 

 

3

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

3

 

Credit default contracts

 

--

 

 

14

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

14

 

Other contracts

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

--

 

 

3

 

 

3

 

Subtotal

 

--

 

 

357

 

 

158

 

 

(66

)

 

449

 

Total

30

 

360

 

158

 

(2

)

546

 

 

The hedge ineffectiveness reported in realized capital gains and losses amounted to losses of $8 million in 2011, gains of $7 million in 2010 and losses of $1 million in 2009.

 

The following tables provide a summary of the changes in fair value of the Company’s fair value hedging relationships in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

 

 

Gain (loss) on derivatives

 

Gain (loss) on hedged risk

 

Location of gain or (loss) recognized
in net income on derivatives

 

Interest
rate
contracts

 

Foreign
currency &
interest rate
contracts

 

Contractholder funds

 

Investments

 

Interest credited to contractholder funds

(7)

(34)

41

--

 

Net investment income

 

26

 

--

 

--

 

(26)

 

Realized capital gains and losses

 

(8)

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Total

11

(34)

41

(26)

 

 

 

 

2010

 

 

 

Gain (loss) on derivatives

 

Gain (loss) on hedged risk

 

Location of gain or (loss) recognized
in net income on derivatives

 

Interest
rate
contracts

 

Foreign
currency &
interest rate
contracts

 

Contractholder funds

 

Investments

 

Interest credited to contractholder funds

--

(48)

48

--

 

Net investment income

 

(33)

 

--

 

--

 

33

 

Realized capital gains and losses

 

9

 

(2)

 

--

 

--

 

Total

(24)

(50)

48

33

 

 

 

 

2009

 

 

 

Gain (loss) on derivatives

 

Gain (loss) on hedged risk

 

Location of gain or (loss) recognized
in net income on derivatives

 

Interest
rate
contracts

 

Foreign
currency &
interest rate
contracts

 

Contractholder funds

 

Investments

 

Interest credited to contractholder funds

(26)

39

(13)

--

 

Net investment income

 

164

 

--

 

--

 

(164)

 

Realized capital gains and losses

 

12

 

(9)

 

--

 

--

 

Total

150

30

(13)

(164)

 

 

The Company manages its exposure to credit risk by utilizing highly rated counterparties, establishing risk control limits, executing legally enforceable master netting agreements (“MNAs”) and obtaining collateral where

 

82



 

appropriate.  The Company uses MNAs for OTC derivative transactions that permit either party to net payments due for transactions and collateral is either pledged or obtained when certain predetermined exposure limits are exceeded.  As of December 31, 2011, counterparties pledged $63 million in cash and securities to the Company, and the Company pledged $76 million in securities to counterparties which includes $72 million of collateral posted under MNAs for contracts containing credit-risk-contingent provisions that are in a liability position and $4 million of collateral posted under MNAs for contracts without credit-risk-contingent liabilities.  The Company has not incurred any losses on derivative financial instruments due to counterparty nonperformance.  Other derivatives, including futures and certain option contracts, are traded on organized exchanges which require margin deposits and guarantee the execution of trades, thereby mitigating any potential credit risk.

 

Counterparty credit exposure represents the Company’s potential loss if all of the counterparties concurrently fail to perform under the contractual terms of the contracts and all collateral, if any, becomes worthless.  This exposure is measured by the fair value of OTC derivative contracts with a positive fair value at the reporting date reduced by the effect, if any, of legally enforceable master netting agreements.

 

The following table summarizes the counterparty credit exposure as of December 31 by counterparty credit rating as it relates to the Company’s OTC derivatives.

 

($ in millions)

2011

 

2010

 

Rating (1)

 

 

Number of
counter-
parties

 

Notional
amount 
(2)

 

Credit
exposure 
(2)

 

Exposure,
net of
collateral 
(2)

 

Number
of counter-parties

 

Notional
amount 
(2)

 

Credit
exposure 
(2)

 

Exposure,
net of
collateral 
(2)

 

AA-

 

1

 

$

 25

 

$

 1

 

$

 1

 

1

 

$

 675

 

$

 19

 

$

 10

 

A+

 

3

 

2,936

 

24

 

4

 

2

 

951

 

14

 

10

 

A

 

2

 

3,913

 

14

 

--

 

3

 

772

 

10

 

10

 

A-

 

2

 

3,815

 

25

 

--

 

1

 

89

 

32

 

32

 

BBB+

 

2

 

57

 

41

 

41

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Total

 

10

 

$

 10,746

 

$

 105

 

$

 46

 

7

 

$

 2,487

 

$

 75

 

$

 62

 

 


(1) Rating is the lower of S&P or Moody’s ratings.

(2) Only OTC derivatives with a net positive fair value are included for each counterparty.

 

Market risk is the risk that the Company will incur losses due to adverse changes in market rates and prices.  Market risk exists for all of the derivative financial instruments the Company currently holds, as these instruments may become less valuable due to adverse changes in market conditions.  To limit this risk, the Company’s senior management has established risk control limits.  In addition, changes in fair value of the derivative financial instruments that the Company uses for risk management purposes are generally offset by the change in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged risk component of the related assets, liabilities or forecasted transactions.

 

Certain of the Company’s derivative instruments contain credit-risk-contingent termination events, cross-default provisions and credit support annex agreements.  Credit-risk-contingent termination events allow the counterparties to terminate the derivative on certain dates if ALIC’s or Allstate Life Insurance Company of New York’s (“ALNY”) financial strength credit ratings by Moody’s or S&P fall below a certain level or in the event ALIC or ALNY are no longer rated by both Moody’s and S&P.  Credit-risk-contingent cross-default provisions allow the counterparties to terminate the derivative instruments if the Company defaults by pre-determined threshold amounts on certain debt instruments.  Credit-risk-contingent credit support annex agreements specify the amount of collateral the Company must post to counterparties based on ALIC’s or ALNY’s financial strength credit ratings by Moody’s or S&P, or in the event ALIC or ALNY are no longer rated by both Moody’s and S&P.

 

83



 

The following summarizes the fair value of derivative instruments with termination, cross-default or collateral credit-risk-contingent features that are in a liability position as of December 31, as well as the fair value of assets and collateral that are netted against the liability in accordance with provisions within legally enforceable MNAs.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

Gross liability fair value of contracts containing credit-risk-contingent features

133 

368 

 

Gross asset fair value of contracts containing credit-risk-contingent features and subject to MNAs

 

(60)

 

(212)

 

Collateral posted under MNAs for contracts containing credit-risk-contingent features

 

(72)

 

(147)

 

Maximum amount of additional exposure for contracts with credit-risk-contingent features if all features were triggered concurrently

 

 

Credit derivatives - selling protection

 

Free-standing credit default swaps (“CDS”) are utilized for selling credit protection against a specified credit event.  A credit default swap is a derivative instrument, representing an agreement between two parties to exchange the credit risk of a specified entity (or a group of entities), or an index based on the credit risk of a group of entities (all commonly referred to as the “reference entity” or a portfolio of “reference entities”), in return for a periodic premium.  In selling protection, CDS are used to replicate fixed income securities and to complement the cash market when credit exposure to certain issuers is not available or when the derivative alternative is less expensive than the cash market alternative.  CDS typically have a five-year term.

 

The following table shows the CDS notional amounts by credit rating and fair value of protection sold as of December 31, 2011:

 

($ in millions)

 

Notional amount

 

 

 

 

AA

 

A

 

BBB

 

BB and
lower

 

Total

 

Fair
value

Single name

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investment grade corporate debt

40

45

15

10

110

(1)

High yield debt

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

2

 

2

 

-- 

Municipal

 

25

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

25

 

(5)

Subtotal

 

65

 

45

 

15

 

12

 

137

 

(6)

Baskets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tranche

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investment grade corporate debt

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

65

 

65

 

(29)

First-to-default

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Municipal

 

--

 

100

 

--

 

--

 

100

 

(33)

Subtotal

 

--

 

100

 

--

 

65

 

165

 

(62)

Total

65

145

15

77

302

(68)

 

84



 

The following table shows the CDS notional amounts by credit rating and fair value of protection sold as of December 31, 2010:

 

($ in millions)

 

Notional amount

 

 

 

 

AA

 

A

 

BBB

 

BB and
lower

 

Total

 

Fair
value

Single name

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investment grade corporate debt

40

55

10

10

115

(1)

High yield debt

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

4

 

4

 

-- 

Municipal

 

25

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

25

 

(6)

Subtotal

 

65

 

55

 

10

 

14

 

144

 

(7)

Baskets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tranche

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investment grade corporate debt

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

65

 

65

 

(19)

First-to-default

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Municipal

 

--

 

100

 

--

 

--

 

100

 

(37)

Subtotal

 

--

 

100

 

--

 

65

 

165

 

(56)

Total

65

155

10

79

309

(63)

 

In selling protection with CDS, the Company sells credit protection on an identified single name, a basket of names in a first-to-default (“FTD”) structure or a specific tranche of a basket, or credit derivative index (“CDX”) that is generally investment grade, and in return receives periodic premiums through expiration or termination of the agreement.  With single name CDS, this premium or credit spread generally corresponds to the difference between the yield on the reference entity’s public fixed maturity cash instruments and swap rates at the time the agreement is executed.  With a FTD basket or a tranche of a basket, because of the additional credit risk inherent in a basket of named reference entities, the premium generally corresponds to a high proportion of the sum of the credit spreads of the names in the basket and the correlation between the names.  CDX index is utilized to take a position on multiple (generally 125) reference entities.  Credit events are typically defined as bankruptcy, failure to pay, or restructuring, depending on the nature of the reference entities.  If a credit event occurs, the Company settles with the counterparty, either through physical settlement or cash settlement.  In a physical settlement, a reference asset is delivered by the buyer of protection to the Company, in exchange for cash payment at par, whereas in a cash settlement, the Company pays the difference between par and the prescribed value of the reference asset.  When a credit event occurs in a single name or FTD basket (for FTD, the first credit event occurring for any one name in the basket), the contract terminates at the time of settlement.  When a credit event occurs in a tranche of a basket, there is no immediate impact to the Company until cumulative losses in the basket exceed the contractual subordination.  To date, realized losses have not exceeded the subordination.  For CDX index, the reference entity’s name incurring the credit event is removed from the index while the contract continues until expiration.  The maximum payout on a CDS is the contract notional amount.  A physical settlement may afford the Company with recovery rights as the new owner of the asset.

 

The Company monitors risk associated with credit derivatives through individual name credit limits at both a credit derivative and a combined cash instrument/credit derivative level.  The ratings of individual names for which protection has been sold are also monitored.

 

In addition to the CDS described above, the Company’s synthetic collateralized debt obligations contain embedded credit default swaps which sell protection on a basket of reference entities.  The synthetic collateralized debt obligations are fully funded; therefore, the Company is not obligated to contribute additional funds when credit events occur related to the reference entities named in the embedded credit default swaps.  The Company’s maximum amount at risk equals the amount of its aggregate initial investment in the synthetic collateralized debt obligations.

 

85



 

Off-balance-sheet financial instruments

 

The contractual amounts of off-balance-sheet financial instruments as of December 31 are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

Commitments to invest in limited partnership interests

797

731

 

Commitments to extend mortgage loans

 

72

 

--

 

Private placement commitments

 

30

 

111

 

Other loan commitments

 

24

 

25

 

 

In the preceding table, the contractual amounts represent the amount at risk if the contract is fully drawn upon, the counterparty defaults and the value of any underlying security becomes worthless.  Unless noted otherwise, the Company does not require collateral or other security to support off-balance-sheet financial instruments with credit risk.

 

Commitments to invest generally represent commitments to acquire financial interests or instruments.  The Company enters into these agreements to allow for additional participation in certain limited partnership investments.  Because the equity investments in the limited partnerships are not actively traded, it is not practical to estimate the fair value of these commitments.

 

Commitments to extend mortgage loans are agreements to lend to a borrower provided there is no violation of any condition established in the contract.  The Company enters into these agreements to commit to future loan fundings at a predetermined interest rate.  Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses.  The fair value of commitments to extend mortgage loans, which are secured by the underlying properties, is $1 million as of December 31, 2011, and is valued based on estimates of fees charged by other institutions to make similar commitments to similar borrowers.

 

Private placement commitments represent conditional commitments to purchase private placement debt and equity securities at a specified future date.  The Company regularly enters into these agreements in the normal course of business.  The fair value of these commitments generally cannot be estimated on the date the commitment is made as the terms and conditions of the underlying private placement securities are not yet final.

 

Other loan commitments are agreements to lend to a borrower provided there is no violation of any condition established in the contract.  The Company enters into these agreements to commit to future loan fundings at predetermined interest rates.  Commitments generally have fixed or varying expiration dates or other termination clauses.  The fair value of these commitments is insignificant.

 

8.  Reserve for Life-Contingent Contract Benefits and Contractholder Funds

 

As of December 31, the reserve for life-contingent contract benefits consists of the following:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

Immediate fixed annuities:

 

 

 

 

 

Structured settlement annuities

7,075

6,500

 

Other immediate fixed annuities

 

2,346

 

2,201

 

Traditional life insurance

 

2,805

 

2,751

 

Accident and health insurance

 

1,322

 

1,181

 

Other

 

118

 

87

 

Total reserve for life-contingent contract benefits

13,666

12,720

 

 

86



 

The following table highlights the key assumptions generally used in calculating the reserve for life-contingent contract benefits:

 

Product

 

Mortality

 

Interest rate

 

Estimation method

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Structured settlement annuities

 

U.S. population with projected calendar year improvements; mortality rates adjusted for each impaired life based on reduction in life expectancy

 

Interest rate assumptions range from 0% to 9.3%

 

Present value of contractually specified future benefits

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other immediate fixed annuities

 

1983 group annuity mortality table with internal modifications; 1983 individual annuity mortality table; Annuity 2000 mortality table; Annuity 2000 mortality table with internal modifications; 1983 individual annuity mortality table with internal modifications

 

Interest rate assumptions range from 0.9% to 11.5%

 

Present value of expected future benefits based on historical experience

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Traditional life insurance

 

Actual company experience plus loading

 

Interest rate assumptions range from 4.0% to 11.3%

 

Net level premium reserve method using the Company’s withdrawal experience rates; includes reserves for unpaid claims

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accident and health insurance

 

Actual company experience plus loading

 

Interest rate assumptions range from 3.0% to 5.3%

 

Unearned premium; additional contract reserves for mortality risk and unpaid claims

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other:

 

Variable annuity guaranteed minimum death benefits (1)

 

 

 

100% of Annuity 2000 mortality table

 

 

 

Interest rate assumptions range from 4.0% to 5.1%

 

 

 

Projected benefit ratio applied to cumulative assessments

 

 

 

(1)

In 2006, the Company disposed of substantially all of its variable annuity business through reinsurance agreements with The Prudential Insurance Company of America, a subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc. (collectively “Prudential”).

 

To the extent that unrealized gains on fixed income securities would result in a premium deficiency had those gains actually been realized, a premium deficiency reserve is recorded for certain immediate annuities with life contingencies.  A liability of $594 million and $9 million is included in the reserve for life-contingent contract benefits with respect to this deficiency as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  The offset to this liability is recorded as a reduction of the unrealized net capital gains included in accumulated other comprehensive income.

 

As of December 31, contractholder funds consist of the following:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

Interest-sensitive life insurance

10,195

10,061

 

Investment contracts:

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed annuities

 

29,017

 

33,134

 

Funding agreements backing medium-term notes

 

1,929

 

2,749

 

Other investment contracts

 

528

 

514

 

Total contractholder funds

41,669

46,458

 

 

87



 

The following table highlights the key contract provisions relating to contractholder funds:

 

Product

 

Interest rate

 

Withdrawal/surrender charges

 

 

 

 

 

Interest-sensitive life insurance

 

Interest rates credited range from 0% to 11.0% for equity-indexed life (whose returns are indexed to the S&P 500) and 1.5% to 6.0% for all other products

 

Either a percentage of account balance or dollar amount grading off generally over 20 years

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed annuities

 

Interest rates credited range from 0% to 9.9% for immediate annuities; (8.0)% to 11.0% for equity-indexed annuities (whose returns are indexed to the S&P 500); and 0.2% to 6.6% for all other products

 

Either a declining or a level percentage charge generally over ten years or less. Additionally, approximately 25.3% of fixed annuities are subject to market value adjustment for discretionary withdrawals

 

 

 

 

 

Funding agreements backing medium-term notes

 

Interest rates credited range from 0.9% to 5.8% (excluding currency-swapped medium-term notes)

 

Not applicable

 

 

 

 

 

Other investment contracts:

Guaranteed minimum income, accumulation and withdrawal benefits on variable(1) and fixed annuities and secondary guarantees on interest-sensitive life insurance and fixed annuities

 

Interest rates used in establishing reserves range from 1.8% to 10.3%

 

Withdrawal and surrender charges are based on the terms of the related interest-sensitive life insurance or fixed annuity contract

 

 

 

(1)

In 2006, the Company disposed of substantially all of its variable annuity business through reinsurance agreements with Prudential.

 

Contractholder funds include funding agreements held by VIEs issuing medium-term notes.  The VIEs are Allstate Life Funding, LLC, Allstate Financial Global Funding, LLC, Allstate Life Global Funding and Allstate Life Global Funding II, and their primary assets are funding agreements used exclusively to back medium-term note programs.

 

Contractholder funds activity for the years ended December 31 is as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

Balance, beginning of year

46,458 

50,850 

 

Deposits

 

1,869 

 

2,363 

 

Interest credited

 

1,592 

 

1,752 

 

Benefits

 

(1,454)

 

(1,537)

 

Surrenders and partial withdrawals

 

(4,908)

 

(4,166)

 

Maturities and retirements of institutional products

 

(867)

 

(1,833)

 

Contract charges

 

(962)

 

(921)

 

Net transfers from separate accounts

 

12 

 

11 

 

Fair value hedge adjustments for institutional products

 

(34)

 

(196)

 

Other adjustments

 

(37)

 

135 

 

Balance, end of year

41,669 

46,458 

 

 

The Company offered various guarantees to variable annuity contractholders.  Liabilities for variable contract guarantees related to death benefits are included in the reserve for life-contingent contract benefits and the liabilities related to the income, withdrawal and accumulation benefits are included in contractholder funds.  All liabilities for variable contract guarantees are reported on a gross basis on the balance sheet with a corresponding reinsurance recoverable asset for those contracts subject to reinsurance.  In 2006, the Company disposed of substantially all of its variable annuity business through reinsurance agreements with Prudential.

 

Absent any contract provision wherein the Company guarantees either a minimum return or account value upon death, a specified contract anniversary date, partial withdrawal or annuitization, variable annuity and variable life insurance contractholders bear the investment risk that the separate accounts’ funds may not meet their stated investment objectives.  The account balances of variable annuities contracts’ separate accounts with guarantees

 

88



 

included $5.54 billion and $6.94 billion of equity, fixed income and balanced mutual funds and $837 million and $1.09 billion of money market mutual funds as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

The table below presents information regarding the Company’s variable annuity contracts with guarantees.  The Company’s variable annuity contracts may offer more than one type of guarantee in each contract; therefore, the sum of amounts listed exceeds the total account balances of variable annuity contracts’ separate accounts with guarantees.

 

($ in millions)

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

In the event of death

 

 

 

 

 

Separate account value

6,372

8,029

 

Net amount at risk (1)

1,502

1,402

 

Average attained age of contractholders

 

66 years

 

66 years

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

At annuitization (includes income benefit guarantees)

 

 

 

 

 

Separate account value

1,489

1,945

 

Net amount at risk (2)

574

580

 

Weighted average waiting period until annuitization options available

 

1 year

 

2 years

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For cumulative periodic withdrawals

 

 

 

 

 

Separate account value

587

735

 

Net amount at risk (3)

27

21

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulation at specified dates

 

 

 

 

 

Separate account value

906

1,100

 

Net amount at risk (4)

78

64

 

Weighted average waiting period until guarantee date

 

6 years

 

7 years

 

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Defined as the estimated current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance as of the balance sheet date.

(2) 

Defined as the estimated present value of the guaranteed minimum annuity payments in excess of the current account balance.

(3) 

Defined as the estimated current guaranteed minimum withdrawal balance (initial deposit) in excess of the current account balance as of the balance sheet date.

(4) 

Defined as the estimated present value of the guaranteed minimum accumulation balance in excess of the current account balance.

 

The liability for death and income benefit guarantees is equal to a benefit ratio multiplied by the cumulative contract charges earned, plus accrued interest less contract excess guarantee benefit payments.  The benefit ratio is calculated as the estimated present value of all expected contract excess guarantee benefits divided by the present value of all expected contract charges.  The establishment of reserves for these guarantees requires the projection of future fund values, mortality, persistency and customer benefit utilization rates.  These assumptions are periodically reviewed and updated.  For guarantees related to death benefits, benefits represent the projected excess guaranteed minimum death benefit payments.  For guarantees related to income benefits, benefits represent the present value of the minimum guaranteed annuitization benefits in excess of the projected account balance at the time of annuitization.

 

Projected benefits and contract charges used in determining the liability for certain guarantees are developed using models and stochastic scenarios that are also used in the development of estimated expected gross profits.  Underlying assumptions for the liability related to income benefits include assumed future annuitization elections based on factors such as the extent of benefit to the potential annuitant, eligibility conditions and the annuitant’s attained age.  The liability for guarantees is re-evaluated periodically, and adjustments are made to the liability balance through a charge or credit to contract benefits.

 

Guarantees related to the majority of withdrawal and accumulation benefits are considered to be derivative financial instruments; therefore, the liability for these benefits is established based on its fair value.

 

89



 

The following table summarizes the liabilities for guarantees:

 

($ in millions)

 

Liability for
guarantees
related to death
benefits and
interest-sensitive
life products

 

Liability for
guarantees
related to
income
benefits

 

Liability for
guarantees
related to
accumulation
and
withdrawal
benefits

 

Total

 

Balance, December 31, 2010 (1)

$  

236

$  

227 

$  

136

$  

599

 

Less reinsurance recoverables

 

93

 

210 

 

135

 

438

 

Net balance as of December 31, 2010

 

143

 

17 

 

1

 

161

 

Incurred guaranteed benefits

 

30

 

(1)

 

1

 

30

 

Paid guarantee benefits

 

--

 

-- 

 

--

 

--

 

Net change

 

30

 

(1)

 

1

 

30

 

Net balance as of December 31, 2011

 

173

 

16 

 

2

 

191

 

Plus reinsurance recoverables

 

116

 

175 

 

162

 

453

 

Balance, December 31, 2011 (2)

$  

289

$  

191 

$  

164

$  

644

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2009 (3)

$  

155

$  

287 

$  

108

$  

550

 

Less reinsurance recoverables

 

109

 

268 

 

107

 

484

 

Net balance as of December 31, 2009

 

46

 

19 

 

1

 

66

 

Incurred guaranteed benefits

 

97

 

(2)

 

--

 

95

 

Paid guarantee benefits

 

--

 

-- 

 

--

 

--

 

Net change

 

97

 

(2)

 

--

 

95

 

Net balance as of December 31, 2010

 

143

 

17 

 

1

 

161

 

Plus reinsurance recoverables

 

93

 

210 

 

135

 

438

 

Balance, December 31, 2010 (1)

$  

236

$  

227 

$  

136

$  

599

 

 

 

 

(1) 

Included in the total liability balance as of December 31, 2010 are reserves for variable annuity death benefits of $85 million, variable annuity income benefits of $211 million, variable annuity accumulation benefits of $88 million, variable annuity withdrawal benefits of $47 million and other guarantees of $168 million.

(2) 

Included in the total liability balance as of December 31, 2011 are reserves for variable annuity death benefits of $116 million, variable annuity income benefits of $175 million, variable annuity accumulation benefits of $105 million, variable annuity withdrawal benefits of $57 million and other guarantees of $191 million.

(3) 

Included in the total liability balance as of December 31, 2009 are reserves for variable annuity death benefits of $92 million, variable annuity income benefits of $269 million, variable annuity accumulation benefits of $66 million, variable annuity withdrawal benefits of $41 million and other guarantees of $82 million.

 

9.  Reinsurance

 

The Company reinsures certain of its risks to other insurers primarily under yearly renewable term, coinsurance and modified coinsurance agreements.  These agreements result in a passing of the agreed-upon percentage of risk to the reinsurer in exchange for negotiated reinsurance premium payments.  Modified coinsurance is similar to coinsurance, except that the cash and investments that support the liability for contract benefits are not transferred to the assuming company and settlements are made on a net basis between the companies.  The Company cedes 100% of the morbidity risk on substantially all of its long-term care contracts.

 

90



 

For certain term life insurance policies issued prior to October 2009, the Company ceded up to 90% of the mortality risk depending on the year of policy issuance under coinsurance agreements to a pool of fourteen unaffiliated reinsurers.  Effective October 2009, mortality risk on term business is ceded under yearly renewable term agreements under which the Company cedes mortality in excess of its retention, which is consistent with how the Company generally reinsures its permanent life insurance business.  The following table summarizes those retention limits by period of policy issuance.

 

 

Period

 

Retention limits

 

April 2011 through current

 

 

Single life: $5 million per life, $3 million age 70 and over, and $10 million for contracts that meet specific criteria Joint life: $8 million per life, and $10 million for contracts that meet specific criteria

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

July 2007 through March 2011

 

 

$5 million per life, $3 million age 70 and over, and $10 million for contracts that meet specific criteria

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

September 1998 through June 2007

 

 

$2 million per life, in 2006 the limit was increased to $5 million for instances when specific criteria were met

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

August 1998 and prior

 

 

Up to $1 million per life

 

 

In addition, the Company has used reinsurance to effect the acquisition or disposition of certain blocks of business.  The Company had reinsurance recoverables of $1.68 billion and $1.63 billion as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, due from Prudential related to the disposal of substantially all of its variable annuity business that was effected through reinsurance agreements.  In 2011, premiums and contract charges of $152 million, contract benefits of $121 million, interest credited to contractholder funds of $20 million, and operating costs and expenses of $27 million were ceded to Prudential.  In 2010, premiums and contract charges of $171 million, contract benefits of $152 million, interest credited to contractholder funds of $29 million, and operating costs and expenses of $31 million were ceded to Prudential.  In 2009, premiums and contract charges of $170 million, contract benefits of $44 million, interest credited to contractholder funds of $27 million, and operating costs and expenses of $28 million were ceded to Prudential.  In addition, as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 the Company had reinsurance recoverables of $165 million and $170 million, respectively, due from subsidiaries of Citigroup (Triton Insurance and American Health and Life Insurance) and Scottish Re (U.S.) Inc. in connection with the disposition of substantially all of the direct response distribution business in 2003.

 

As of December 31, 2011, the gross life insurance in force was $526.28 billion of which $221.37 billion was ceded to the unaffiliated reinsurers.

 

The effects of reinsurance on premiums and contract charges for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Direct

$

2,229

$

2,230

$

2,215

 

Assumed

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Affiliate

 

113

 

107

 

102

 

Non-affiliate

 

20

 

22

 

22

 

Ceded-non-affiliate

 

(730)

 

(776)

 

(806)

 

Premiums and contract charges, net of reinsurance

$

1,632

$

1,583

$

1,533

 

 

The effects of reinsurance on contract benefits for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Direct

$

2,036

$

2,075

$

1,915

 

Assumed

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Affiliate

 

78

 

72

 

66

 

Non-affiliate

 

19

 

22

 

22

 

Ceded-non-affiliate

 

(631)

 

(673)

 

(601)

 

Contract benefits, net of reinsurance

$

1,502

$

1,496

$

1,402

 

 

91



 

The effects of reinsurance on interest credited to contractholder funds for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Direct

$

1,614

$

1,774

$

2,085

 

Assumed

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Affiliate

 

10

 

10

 

11

 

Non-affiliate

 

11

 

12

 

12

 

Ceded-non-affiliate

 

(27)

 

(32)

 

(32)

 

Interest credited to contractholder funds, net of reinsurance

$

1,608

$

1,764

$

2,076

 

 

Reinsurance recoverables on paid and unpaid benefits as of December 31 are summarized in the following table.

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

Annuities

$

1,827

$

1,785

 

Life insurance

 

1,595

 

1,564

 

Long-term care insurance

 

949

 

840

 

Other

 

86

 

88

 

Total

$

4,457

$

4,277

 

 

As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, approximately 94% of the Company’s reinsurance recoverables are due from companies rated A- or better by S&P.

 

10.  Deferred Policy Acquisition and Sales Inducement Costs

 

Deferred policy acquisition costs for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Balance, beginning of year

$

2,526

$

3,073

$

6,100

 

Impact of adoption of new other-than-temporary impairment accounting guidance before unrealized impact (1)

 

--

 

--

 

(163)

 

Impact of adoption of new other-than-temporary impairment accounting guidance effect of unrealized capital gains and losses (2)

 

--

 

--

 

163

 

Acquisition costs deferred

 

241

 

304

 

320

 

Amortization charged to income

 

(430)

 

(220)

 

(761)

 

Effect of unrealized gains and losses

 

(172)

 

(631)

 

(2,586)

 

Balance, end of year

$

2,165

$

2,526

$

3,073

 

 


(1)   The adoption of new other-than-temporary impairment accounting guidance on April 1, 2009 resulted in an adjustment to DAC to reverse previously recorded DAC accretion related to realized capital losses that were reclassified to other comprehensive income upon adoption.

(2)   The adoption of new other-than-temporary impairment accounting guidance resulted in an adjustment to DAC due to the change in unrealized capital gains and losses that occurred upon adoption on April 1, 2009 when previously recorded realized capital losses were reclassified to other comprehensive income.  The adjustment was recorded as an increase of the DAC balance and unrealized capital gains and losses.

 

92



 

DSI activity, which primarily relates to fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life contracts, for the years ended December 31 was as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Balance, beginning of year

$

86

$

195

$

453

 

Impact of adoption of new other-than-temporary impairment accounting guidance before unrealized impact (1)

 

--

 

--

 

(35)

 

Impact of adoption of new other-than-temporary impairment accounting guidance effect of unrealized capital gains and losses (2)

 

--

 

--

 

35

 

Sales inducements deferred

 

7

 

14

 

28

 

Amortization charged to income

 

(23)

 

(27)

 

(129)

 

Effect of unrealized gains and losses

 

(29)

 

(96)

 

(157)

 

Balance, end of year

$

41

$

86

$

195

 

 


(1)   The adoption of new other-than-temporary impairment accounting guidance on April 1, 2009 resulted in an adjustment to DSI to reverse previously recorded DSI accretion related to realized capital losses that were reclassified to other comprehensive income upon adoption.

(2)   The adoption of new other-than-temporary impairment accounting guidance resulted in an adjustment to DSI due to the change in unrealized capital gains and losses that occurred upon adoption on April 1, 2009 when previously recorded realized capital losses were reclassified to other comprehensive income.  The adjustment was recorded as an increase of the DSI balance and unrealized capital gains and losses.

 

11.  Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities

 

Guaranty funds

 

Under state insurance guaranty fund laws, insurers doing business in a state can be assessed, up to prescribed limits, for certain obligations of insolvent insurance companies to policyholders and claimants.  Amounts assessed to each company are typically related to its proportion of business written in each state.  The Company’s policy is to accrue assessments when the entity for which the insolvency relates has met its state of domicile’s statutory definition of insolvency and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable.  In most states, the definition is met with a declaration of financial insolvency by a court of competent jurisdiction.  In certain states there must also be a final order of liquidation.  As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the liability balance included in other liabilities and accrued expenses was $41 million and $26 million, respectively.  The related premium tax offsets included in other assets were $34 million and $25 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

Executive Life Insurance Company of New York (“ELNY”) has been under the jurisdiction of the New York Liquidation Bureau (the “Bureau”) as part of a 1992 court-ordered rehabilitation plan.  ELNY continues to fully pay annuity benefits when due.  The Superintendent of Insurance of the State of New York in conjunction with the New York Attorney General filed a proposed formal plan of liquidation on September 1, 2011 and a public hearing on the proposed plan is scheduled for March 15, 2012.  The current publicly available estimated shortfall from the Bureau is $1.57 billion.  If the proposed plan of liquidation is accepted by the court, the Company will have exposure to future guaranty fund assessments.  New York law currently contains an aggregate limit on insurer assessments by the guaranty fund, the Life Insurance Corporation of New York, of $500 million, of which approximately $40 million has been used.  The Company’s three-year average market share for New York as of December 31, 2009, based on assessable premiums, was approximately 2.2%.

 

In 2011, the Company accrued its estimated aggregate exposure of $10 million, net of state related taxes and federal income tax, which includes $16 million pre-tax for guaranty fund assessments and $3 million pre-tax for participation in an industry sponsored plan to supplement certain ELNY policyholders.  The ultimate cost will depend on an approved court ordered liquidation plan, the level of guaranty fund system participation and the realization of tax benefits.  Under current law, the Company may be allowed to recoup a portion of the amount of any additional guaranty fund assessment in periods subsequent to the recognition of the assessment by offsetting future state related taxes.

 

93



 

Guarantees

 

The Company owns certain fixed income securities that obligate the Company to exchange credit risk or to forfeit principal due, depending on the nature or occurrence of specified credit events for the reference entities.  In the event all such specified credit events were to occur, the Company’s maximum amount at risk on these fixed income securities, as measured by the amount of the aggregate initial investment, was $28 million as of December 31, 2011.  The obligations associated with these fixed income securities expire at various dates on or before March 11, 2018.

 

Related to the disposal through reinsurance of substantially all of the Company’s variable annuity business to Prudential in 2006, the Company and the Corporation have agreed to indemnify Prudential for certain pre-closing contingent liabilities (including extra-contractual liabilities of the Company and liabilities specifically excluded from the transaction) that the Company has agreed to retain.  In addition, the Company and the Corporation will each indemnify Prudential for certain post-closing liabilities that may arise from the acts of the Company and its agents, including in connection with the Company’s provision of transition services.  The reinsurance agreements contain no limitations or indemnifications with regard to insurance risk transfer, and transferred all of the future risks and responsibilities for performance on the underlying variable annuity contracts to Prudential, including those related to benefit guarantees.  Management does not believe this agreement will have a material effect on results of operations, cash flows or financial position of the Company.

 

In the normal course of business, the Company provides standard indemnifications to contractual counterparties in connection with numerous transactions, including acquisitions and divestitures.  The types of indemnifications typically provided include indemnifications for breaches of representations and warranties, taxes and certain other liabilities, such as third party lawsuits.  The indemnification clauses are often standard contractual terms and are entered into in the normal course of business based on an assessment that the risk of loss would be remote.  The terms of the indemnifications vary in duration and nature.  In many cases, the maximum obligation is not explicitly stated and the contingencies triggering the obligation to indemnify have not occurred and are not expected to occur.  Consequently, the maximum amount of the obligation under such indemnifications is not determinable.  Historically, the Company has not made any material payments pursuant to these obligations.

 

The aggregate liability balance related to all guarantees was not material as of December 31, 2011.

 

Regulation and Compliance

 

The Company is subject to changing social, economic and regulatory conditions.  From time to time, regulatory authorities or legislative bodies seek to impose additional regulations regarding agent and broker compensation, regulate the nature of and amount of investments, and otherwise expand overall regulation of insurance products and the insurance industry.  The Company has established procedures and policies to facilitate compliance with laws and regulations, to foster prudent business operations, and to support financial reporting.  The Company routinely reviews its practices to validate compliance with laws and regulations and with internal procedures and policies.  As a result of these reviews, from time to time the Company may decide to modify some of its procedures and policies.  Such modifications, and the reviews that led to them, may be accompanied by payments being made and costs being incurred.  The ultimate changes and eventual effects of these actions on the Company’s business, if any, are uncertain.

 

The Company is currently being examined by certain states for compliance with unclaimed property laws.  It is possible that this examination may result in additional payments of abandoned funds to states and to changes in the Company’s practices and procedures for the identification of escheatable funds, which could impact benefit payments and reserves, among other consequences; however, it is not likely to have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

 

12.  Income Taxes

 

ALIC and its subsidiaries (the “Allstate Life Group”) join with the Corporation (the “Allstate Group”) in the filing of a consolidated federal income tax return and are party to a federal income tax allocation agreement (the “Allstate Tax Sharing Agreement”).  Under the Allstate Tax Sharing Agreement, the Allstate Life Group pays to or receives from the Corporation the amount, if any, by which the Allstate Group’s federal income tax liability is affected by virtue of inclusion of the Allstate Life Group in the consolidated federal income tax return.  Effectively, this results in the Allstate Life Group’s annual income tax provision being computed, with adjustments, as if the

 

94



 

Allstate Life Group filed a separate return.

 

The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) is currently examining the Allstate Group’s 2009 and 2010 federal income tax returns.  The IRS has completed its examinations of the Allstate Group’s federal income tax returns for 2005-2006 and 2007-2008 and the cases are under consideration at the IRS Appeals Office.  The Allstate Group’s tax years prior to 2005 have been examined by the IRS and the statute of limitations has expired on those years.  Any adjustments that may result from IRS examinations of tax returns are not expected to have a material effect on the results of operations, cash flows or financial position of the Company.

 

The Company had no liability for unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2011 or 2010, and believes it is reasonably possible that the liability balance will not significantly increase within the next twelve months.  No amounts have been accrued for interest or penalties.

 

The components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31 are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

Deferred assets

 

 

 

 

 

Difference in tax bases of investments

$

146

$

104

 

Life and annuity reserves

 

--

 

154

 

Deferred reinsurance gain

 

31

 

37

 

Other assets

 

11

 

20

 

Total deferred assets

 

188

 

315

 

Deferred liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

DAC

 

(427)

 

(468

)

Unrealized net capital gains

 

(440)

 

(292

)

Life and annuity reserves

 

(56)

 

--

 

Other liabilities

 

(86)

 

(30

)

Total deferred liabilities

 

(1,009)

 

(790

)

Net deferred liability

$

(821)

$

(475

)

 

Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized based on the Company’s assessment that the deductions ultimately recognized for tax purposes will be fully utilized.  There was no valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2011 or 2010.

 

The components of income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Current

$

29

$

(199)

$

(426

)

Deferred

 

196

 

154

 

332

 

Total income tax expense (benefit)

$

225

$

(45)

$

(94

)

 

Income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2009 includes expense of $142 million attributable to an increase in the valuation allowance relating to the deferred tax asset on capital losses recorded in the first quarter of 2009.  This valuation allowance was released in connection with the adoption of new other-than-temporary impairment accounting guidance on April 1, 2009; however, the release was recorded as an increase to retained income and therefore did not reverse the amount recorded in income tax benefit.  The release of the valuation allowance is related to the reversal of previously recorded other-than-temporary impairment write-downs that would not have been recorded under the new other-than-temporary impairment accounting guidance.

 

The Company paid income taxes of $72 million in 2011 and received refunds of $629 million and $515 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively.  The Company had a current income tax receivable of $53 million and $10 million as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

95



 

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rate on income from operations for the years ended December 31 is as follows:

 

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Statutory federal income tax rate - expense (benefit)

 

35.0

%

(35.0)

%

(35.0)

%

Dividends received deduction

 

(1.2)

 

(13.1)

 

(1.8)

 

Tax credits

 

(1.4)

 

(2.2)

 

(0.4)

 

State income taxes

 

0.3

 

(2.1)

 

(0.2)

 

Other

 

(0.2)

 

(0.2)

 

(0.6)

 

Valuation allowance

 

--

 

--

 

22.5

 

Effective income tax rate - expense (benefit)

 

32.5

%

(52.6)

%

(15.5)

%

 

13.  Capital Structure

 

Debt outstanding

 

All of the Company’s outstanding debt as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 relates to intercompany obligations. These obligations reflect notes due to related parties and are discussed in Note 4.  The Company paid $97 million, $16 million and $14 million of interest on debt in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

14.  Statutory Financial Information

 

ALIC and its insurance subsidiaries prepare their statutory-basis financial statements in conformity with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the insurance department of the applicable state of domicile.  Prescribed statutory accounting practices include a variety of publications of the NAIC, as well as state laws, regulations and general administrative rules.  Permitted statutory accounting practices encompass all accounting practices not so prescribed.

 

All states require domiciled insurance companies to prepare statutory-basis financial statements in conformity with the NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual, subject to any deviations prescribed or permitted by the applicable insurance commissioner and/or director.  Statutory accounting practices differ from GAAP primarily since they require charging policy acquisition and certain sales inducement costs to expense as incurred, establishing life insurance reserves based on different actuarial assumptions, and valuing certain investments and establishing deferred taxes on a different basis.

 

Statutory net loss of ALIC and its insurance subsidiaries was $(83) million, $(456) million and $(929) million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.  Statutory capital and surplus was $3.46 billion and $3.34 billion as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

 

There were no permitted practices utilized as of December 31, 2011 or 2010.

 

Dividends

 

The ability of ALIC to pay dividends is dependent on business conditions, income, cash requirements, receipt of dividends from its subsidiaries and other relevant factors.  The payment of shareholder dividends by ALIC to AIC without the prior approval of the state insurance regulator is limited to formula amounts based on net income and capital and surplus, determined in conformity with statutory accounting practices, as well as the timing and amount of dividends paid in the preceding twelve months.  The amount of dividends is further limited to the amount of unassigned funds, which is the portion of statutory capital and surplus out of which dividends can be paid.  ALIC paid no dividends in 2011.  During 2012, ALIC will not be able to pay dividends without prior Illinois Department of Insurance (“IL DOI”) approval since it does not have unassigned funds.  As of December 31, 2011, ALIC’s unassigned funds reflected a deficit position of $514 million.

 

Notification and approval of intercompany lending activities is also required by the IL DOI when ALIC does not have unassigned funds and for transactions that exceed a level that is based on a formula using statutory admitted assets and statutory surplus.

 

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15.  Benefit Plans

 

Pension and other postretirement plans

 

Defined benefit pension plans, sponsored by the Corporation, cover most full-time employees, certain part-time employees and employee-agents.  Benefits under the pension plans are based upon the employee’s length of service and eligible annual compensation.  The cost allocated to the Company for the pension plans was $22 million, $32 million and $14 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

The Corporation provides certain health care subsidies for eligible employees hired before January 1, 2003 when they retire and their eligible dependents and certain life insurance benefits for eligible employees hired before January 1, 2003 when they retire (“postretirement benefits”).  The credit allocated to the Company was $1 million in 2011 and the cost allocated to the Company was $1 million and $2 million for postretirement benefits other than pension plans in 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

AIC and the Corporation have reserved the right to modify or terminate their benefit plans at any time and for any reason.

 

Allstate 401(k) Savings Plan

 

Employees of AIC are eligible to become members of the Allstate 401(k) Savings Plan (“Allstate Plan”).  The Corporation’s contributions are based on the Corporation’s matching obligation and certain performance measures. The cost allocated to the Company for the Allstate Plan was $5 million, $4 million and $8 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

16.  Other Comprehensive Income

 

The components of other comprehensive income on a pre-tax and after-tax basis for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 

 

($ in millions)

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

 

 

Pre-
tax

 

Tax

 

After-
tax

 

Pre-
tax

 

Tax

 

After-
tax

 

Pre-
tax

 

Tax

 

After-
tax

 

Unrealized net holding gains arising during the period, net of related offsets

$

1,001

$

(350)

$

651

$

1,819

$

(638)

$

1,181

$

2,541

$

(889)

$

1,652

 

Less: reclassification adjustment of realized capital gains and losses

 

579

 

(203)

 

376

 

(349)

 

122

 

(227)

 

(346)

 

121

 

(225)

 

Unrealized net capital gains and losses

 

422

 

(147)

 

275

 

2,168

 

(760)

 

1,408

 

2,887

 

(1,010)

 

1,877

 

Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments

 

(2)

 

1

 

(1)

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

--

 

Other comprehensive income

$

420

$

(146)

$

274

$

2,168

$

(760)

$

1,408

$

2,887

$

(1,010)

$

1,877

 

 

17.  Quarterly Results (unaudited)

 

($ in millions)

 

First Quarter

 

Second Quarter

 

Third Quarter

 

Fourth Quarter

 

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

Revenues

$

1,125

$

945

$

1,141

$

750

$

1,279

$

1,046

$

1,114

$

1,089

 

Net income (loss)

 

91

 

(18)

 

135

 

(135)

 

160

 

58

 

83

 

55

 

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholder of

Allstate Life Insurance Company

Northbrook, IL 60062

 

We have audited the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Position of Allstate Life Insurance Company and subsidiaries (the “Company”), an affiliate of The Allstate Corporation, as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the related Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, Shareholder’s Equity, and Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011.  Our audits also included the consolidated financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15.  These financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company’s management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.  The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting.  Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.  Accordingly, we express no such opinion.  An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Allstate Life Insurance Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  Also, in our opinion, such consolidated financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

 

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted for the Company’s adoption of a change in accounting for costs associated with acquiring or renewing insurance contracts.  In 2009, the Company changed its recognition and presentation for other-than-temporary impairments of debt securities.

 

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

 

Chicago, Illinois

March 8, 2012 (May 4, 2012, as to the effects of the retrospective adoption of a change in accounting for costs associated with acquiring or renewing insurance contracts as discussed in Note 2)

 

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