-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, TV82kk1XHsYUDqP0mGqXre37UgQMFCdEDeB5JHhumDI4wk2pg2ZzglNbpekJLznx RTMy0cM+5zPjLUHdtWL/JQ== 0000351903-05-000030.txt : 20050928 0000351903-05-000030.hdr.sgml : 20050928 20050928171027 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000351903-05-000030 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 9 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20050630 FILED AS OF DATE: 20050928 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20050928 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: EPOCH HOLDING CORP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000351903 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: INVESTMENT ADVICE [6282] IRS NUMBER: 201938886 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 0630 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-09728 FILM NUMBER: 051108923 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 640 FIFTH AVENUE STREET 2: 18TH FLOOR CITY: NEW YORK STATE: NY ZIP: 10019 BUSINESS PHONE: 212-303-7200 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 640 FIFTH AVENUE STREET 2: 18TH FLOOR CITY: NEW YORK STATE: NY ZIP: 10019 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: J NET ENTERPRISES INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20010123 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: JACKPOT ENTERPRISES INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920703 10-K 1 form10k.txt UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) [X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2005 OR [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from __________ to ____________ Commission File Number 1-9728 EPOCH HOLDING CORPORATION ________________________________________________________________________ Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter Delaware 20-1938886 ______________________________ __________________________________ State or other jurisdiction of I.R.S. Employer Identification No. incorporation or organization 640 Fifth Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10019 __________________________________________ ________ Address of principal executive offices Zip Code Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (212) 303-7200 ______________ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Title of each class _______________________________________ Common Stock - Par value $.01 per share Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes x No ___ ___ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K: x ___ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act): Yes No x ___ ___ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act): Yes No x ___ ___ As of September 19, 2005, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was $35,922,025. As of September 19, 2005, there were 18,325,331 shares of the Registrant's common stock outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement to be issued in connection with the 2005 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report. ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I Item 1. Business Item 2. Properties Item 3. Legal Proceedings Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders Part II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters Item 6. Selected Financial Data Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Part III Item 10. Directors and Officers of the Registrant Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services Part IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS ________ Overview Epoch Holding Corporation ("Epoch" or the "Company") is a holding company whose primary line of business is investment management and investment advisory services. The operations of the Company are conducted through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. ("EIP"). EIP is a registered investment advisor under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Investment Advisers Act"). The Company uses a fiscal year which ends on June 30th. References to "FY 2005" and "FY 2004" in this document refer the fiscal years ended June 30, 2005 and June 30, 2004, respectively. This Annual Report on Form 10-K may also include "Forward Looking Statements" which refer to fiscal years subsequent to the historical financial positions and results of operations contained herein. References to future fiscal years also apply to the June 30 year-end. The Company maintains a website which contains current information on operations and other corporate governance matters. The website address is www.eipny.com. Through the Investor Relations section of our website, we make available our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Company Structure and Discontinued Operations On June 2, 2004, J Net Enterprises, Inc. ("J Net"), the predecessor to Epoch, merged with EIP in a business combination which resulted in the former EIP stockholders owning 51% of the issued and outstanding equity securities of J Net immediately following the transaction. As a result of the majority of ownership interest in the Company being held by the former EIP stockholders, the business combination was accounted for as a reverse merger. Under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, the legally acquired company (in this case, EIP), became the surviving entity for financial reporting purposes. EIP was formed on April 14, 2004 and did not have a predecessor business. Due to the reverse merger treatment, the consolidated operations for FY 2004 reflect those of EIP from April 14, 2004 through June 30, 2004, and J Net from June 2, 2004 (the date of the business combination) through June 30, 2004. The FY 2005 consolidated results reflect the first complete year of operations for the Company. Prior to the June 2, 2004 business combination, J Net conducted operations in the Internet-based e-commerce industry. Immediately following the closing of the transaction with EIP, Management initiated a formal plan to dispose of the Internet-based operations and shift its business focus and capital resources to the operations of EIP. In September 2004, the Internet-based operations were sold to the existing management of that business segment. The results of operations for that business segment have been reported as discontinued operations. Recent Events and FY 2005 Highlights EIP became the primary operating business segment in June 2004 immediately following the aforementioned business combination. Initially, one sub- advisory contract with assets under management ("AUM") of $647 million was transferred to EIP from a former client of Mr. William W. Priest, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. At June 30, 2004, total AUM had increased to $848 million. The following highlights mark the notable accomplishments made at the Company during its first full year of operations: 1. At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders in November 2004, the stockholders approved the change of the Company's legal name from J Net Enterprises, Inc. to Epoch Holding Corporation to reflect the new business direction. 2. AUM increased to $1.4 billion, an increase of 65% from the prior year end. 3. Expansion into services for international products was announced in January 2005 and EIP was appointed as advisor to Epoch International Small Cap Fund ("EPIEX"), a publicly traded mutual fund. In addition, the Company received sub-advisory mandates from CI Mutual Funds Inc. of Canada ("CI") for certain non U.S. funds. 4. EIP expanded its operations from 17 employees at June 30, 2004 to 28 employees at June 30, 2005 and moved its offices to 640 Fifth Avenue in New York. 5. The Company successfully disposed of its e-commerce operations, enabling the Company to move forward with one business segment, Investment Advisory and Investment Management Services. Operations and Products EIP, the sole operating segment of the Company, is a registered investment advisor under the Investment Advisers Act that manages investment assets for retirement plans, mutual fund clients, endowments, foundations, and high net worth individuals. As of June 30, 2005, EIP offered eight separate investment products to its clients: 1. All Cap Equity - These holdings are comprised of a broad range of U.S. companies with market capitalizations that resemble stocks in the "Russell 3000", a U.S. Equity index which measures the performance of the 3,000 largest U.S. companies based upon total market capitalization. 2. U.S. Value - Generally, these holdings reflect a selection of equities in U.S. companies with market capitalizations in excess of $2 billion, generally considered to be comparable to the "Russell" 1000, a U.S. Equity index which measures the performance of the 1,000 largest companies in the Russell 3000 index. 3. U.S. Small Cap Value - These holdings are comprised of U.S. companies with market values under $2 billion, generally considered to be comparable to the "Russell 2000", a U.S. Equity index which measures the performance of the 2,000 smallest companies in the Russell 3000. 4. Global Small Cap - These holdings seek to capitalize upon the continuing globalization of the world economy by investing in small-cap companies in the U.S. and throughout the world 5. Absolute Return - While this product uses the same security selection process of other products offered by EIP, its holdings are limited to fewer than 30 positions. Individual positions can be as high as 15% and cash is used to control loss exposure. The objective of this product is absolute positive return. 6. International Small Cap - This product draws almost all of its holdings from small cap companies outside the U.S., with "small cap" defined as companies with market capitalization in the bottom 25% of the publicly traded companies in each country where the strategy is applied. This approach results in an average portfolio market capitalization of less than $3 billion. Index comparisons for this product include the S&P/Citigroup Extended Market Index (EMI) and the Europe Pacific Asia Composite (EPAC), commonly referred to as the "EMI EPAC Index". 7. Balanced Portfolio - This product is available to our high net worth investors. The mix of debt and equity securities is tailored to reflect (i) the client's tolerance for risk and (ii) the client's marginal tax rate or other preferences. As a result, the mix can vary among individual clients. The equity components of these portfolios reflect EIP's All-Cap equity structure and generally contain 40-60 positions, almost all of which are held in other EIP products. The debt component of the portfolio is largely comprised of high quality bonds. 8. U.S. Value Concentrated - This product resembles the U.S. Value structure; however, its holdings are limited to 20-25 equity securities offering higher risk/reward returns. Advisory and Sub-advisory Service Agreements EIP earns it revenues from managing client accounts under investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements. Such agreements provide for compensation to EIP based on assets under management. Generally, fees are computed quarterly and payable in arrears. Certain contracts contain provisions for the monthly payment of fees, or payment of fees quarterly in advance. The Company also sponsors two mutual funds, EPIEX and the Epoch All-Cap Value fund, for which fees are calculated based upon daily net assets and paid monthly. For a series of CI sponsored funds, EIP is the beneficiary of a sub- advisory contract with CI. The fees earned on this sub-advisory contract are calculated based upon the daily net assets of each respective fund, and are payable in arrears on a quarterly basis. The CI contract contains a minimum two-year commitment to EIP, commencing June 2004, to provide such services. Growth Strategy As the Company enters its second full year of operations, its growth strategy will be focused on the development of distribution channels to offer its various products to a broader array of clients. These efforts will include increased relationships with investment advisory consultants, initiation of managed accounts with third party institutions, and maintaining strong sub-advisory relationships. The Company also maintains a disciplined acquisition and alliance effort which seeks complementary products or new products which could benefit clients. While the Company plans to actively seek such opportunities, there can be no assurance that acquisitions can be identified and closed on terms that are attractive. Management believes that opportunities are available, but will only act on opportunities that are accretive to the long-term business strategy. Paramount to the ongoing success of the business, including growth in existing products and retention of clients, will be the Company's ability to attract and retain key employees. The Company offers competitive compensation to its employees, including equity-based compensation, which the Company believes promotes unity in the workforce and a common objective with shareholders. Competition The investment management and investment advisory business is highly competitive. The Company continuously encounters competitors in the marketplace which offer similar products and services. Management expects that trend to continue due to the relatively low costs associated with entering the business. The investment management and advisory business is also characterized by contracts with clients that are generally terminable on relatively short notice. While the Company believes it will be successful in obtaining and retaining new clients, it is necessary to expend additional resources to compete effectively. Significant Customers For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2005, two customers accounted for 43% of consolidated revenues. CI accounted for approximately 36% of FY 2005 revenues, while EPIEX accounted for approximately 7% of FY 2005 revenues. For the quarter ended June 30, 2005, CI and EPIEX accounted for 32% and 14% of consolidated revenues, respectively. The Company's services and relationships with these clients are important to the Company's ongoing growth strategy, and retention of these customers is critical to the ongoing results of operations and liquidity of the Company. Regulation The Company's business, as well as the financial services industry generally, is subject to extensive regulation throughout the world. As a matter of public policy, regulatory bodies are charged with safeguarding the integrity of the securities and other financial markets and with protecting the interests of customers participating in those markets, not with protecting the interests of the Company's stockholders or creditors. In the U.S., the SEC is the federal agency responsible for the administration of the federal securities laws. The exchanges, the NASD and the National Futures Association are voluntary, self-regulatory bodies composed of members, such as EIP, that have agreed to abide by the respective bodies' rules and regulations. Each of these U.S. and non- U.S. regulatory organizations may examine the activities of, and may expel, fine and otherwise discipline, member firms and their employees. The laws, rules and regulations comprising this framework of regulation and the interpretation and enforcement of existing laws, rules and regulations are constantly changing. The effect of any such changes cannot be predicted and may impact the manner of operation and profitability of the Company. The Company's common stock ("Common Stock") is quoted on the OTC bulletin board ("OTCBB") under the symbol "EPHC". The Company is subject to the filing and reporting obligations of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Exchange Act of 1934. On September 12, 2005 the Company announced that its application for listing on The NASDAQ SmallCap Market ("Nasdaq SmallCap") had been approved, and it expects to commence trading on Nasdaq SmallCap under Epoch's current symbol, "EPHC", within the subsequent 30 days. Epoch's trading on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board will cease upon commencement of trading on Nasdaq SmallCap. Pursuant to the transfer, the Company will also be subject to the filing and reporting obligations of the Nasdaq SmallCap. EIP is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. As a registered investment adviser, EIP is subject to the requirements of the Investment Advisers Act and the SEC's regulations thereunder. Such requirements relate to, among other things, principal transactions between an adviser and advisory clients, as well as general anti-fraud prohibitions. Regulators are empowered to conduct administrative proceedings that can result in censure, fine, the issuance of cease-and-desist orders or the suspension or expulsion of a broker-dealer or its directors, officers or employees. The above descriptions of the regulatory and statutory provisions applicable to the Company and EIP are not complete and are qualified in its entirety by reference to the particular statutory or regulatory provision. Any change in applicable laws or regulations may have a material effect on the Company's business, prospects and opinions. Cautionary Statements If any of the following material risks occur, the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations would likely suffer. The Company has limited operating history as an asset management business and, therefore, most of the historical financial information presented may not be indicative of our future performance. Business operations in the investment advisory and investment management line of business began on April 14, 2004, and revenues were not earned until June 2004. Prior to such date, the Company's business was focused on enterprise software and technology infrastructure. The enterprise software business was sold in September 2004 and the technology infrastructure investment activities were suspended. Investment advisory and investment management remains the sole line of business of the Company. Although the Company is confident the Management and employees of EIP have experience, good reputations and good prospects in the asset management business, the acquisition of clients and generation of revenue cannot be assured. The Company could lose clients and suffer a decline in the Company's asset management and advisory revenue and earnings if the investments the Company chooses in the Company's asset management business perform poorly, regardless of overall trends in the prices of securities. Investment performance affects the Company's AUM relating to existing clients and is one of the most important factors in retaining clients and competing for new asset management business. Poor investment performance could impair the Company's revenue and growth because: . existing clients might withdraw funds from the Company's asset management business in favor of better performing products, which would result in lower investment advisory fees. . third-party financial intermediaries, advisors or consultants may rate the Company's products poorly, which may result in client withdrawals and reduced asset flows from these third parties or their clients, or . firms with which the Company has strategic alliances may terminate such relationships with the Company, and future strategic alliances may be unavailable. Some members of Management are critical to the Company's success, and the inability to attract and retain key employees could compromise the Company's future success. If key employees were to leave, whether to join a competitor or otherwise, the Company may suffer a decline in revenue or earnings and suffer an adverse effect on the Company's financial position. Loss of key employees may occur due to perceived opportunity for promotion, increased compensation, work environment or other individual reasons, some of which may be beyond the Company's control. Future success will depend to a significant extent upon the services and efforts of the Company's executive officers, particularly William W. Priest, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer, Timothy T. Taussig, our President and Chief Operating Officer, J. Philip Clark, Executive Vice President, and David N. Pearl, Head of US Equities. These executives are responsible for determining the strategic direction of our business, and are integral to our brand and our reputation. There are no employment agreements with any key employees, including Mr. Priest. However, pursuant to certain agreements pertinent to the business combination with EIP, shares of Common Stock held by Mr. Priest and other former EIP stockholders who are employees are subject to vesting and forfeiture provisions. The loss of the services of one or more key employees, or failure to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel could negatively impact the business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects. As with other asset management businesses, future performance depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of certain officers, portfolio managers and other key marketing, client service and management personnel. There is substantial competition for these types of skilled personnel. The Company is effectively controlled by William W. Priest, the Company's Chief Executive Officer. For at least the first three years following the June 2, 2004 business combination, William W. Priest has the right to set the number of directors on the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") at seven, and to designate four persons for appointment to the Board, provided such designees meet the criteria established by our Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee. Moreover, Mr. Priest will have the right to remove and/or replace any of these directors at any time. As a result, Mr. Priest will control the Board and, therefore, its business policies and affairs, including determinations with respect to acquisitions, dispositions, borrowings, issuances of Common Stock or other securities of the Company, and the declaration and payment of dividends on the Common Stock. Negative performance of the securities markets could reduce revenues. The Company's investment management and investment advisory business also would be expected to generate lower revenues in a market or general economic downturn. Under the Company's asset management business arrangements, investment advisory fees the Company receives typically are based on the market value of AUM. Accordingly, a decline in the prices of securities would be expected to cause the Company's revenue and income to decline by: . causing the value of the Company's AUM to decrease, which would result in lower investment advisory fees, . causing some of the Company's clients to withdraw funds from the Company's asset management business in favor of investments they perceive as offering greater opportunity or lower risk, which also would result in lower investment advisory fees. If the Company's revenue declines without a commensurate reduction in the Company's expenses, the Company's net income will be reduced. In particular, approximately 50% (possibly more) of AUM are expected to be invested in equity securities of companies with market capitalizations between $200 million and $10 billion, often characterized as small or mid- sized companies. As a consequence, the Company is susceptible to the volatility associated with changes in the market for stocks that fall within this capitalization range. The Company's investment style in the asset management business may underperform other investment approaches, which may result in significant client or asset departures or a reduction in AUM. Even when securities prices are rising generally, performance can be affected by investment style. Many of the equity investment strategies in the Company's asset management business share a common investment orientation towards fundamental security selection. The Company believes this style tends to outperform the market in some market environments and underperform it in others. In particular, a prolonged "growth" environment (i.e., a prolonged period whereby growth stocks outperform value stocks) may cause the Company's investment strategy to go out of favor with some clients, consultants or third-party intermediaries. In combination with poor performance relative to peers, changes in personnel, extensive periods in particular market environments, or other difficulties may result in significant client or asset departures or a reduction in AUM. The Company's business is dependent on investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements that are subject to termination or non-renewal; therefore, clients could be lost on very short notice. Substantially all anticipated revenues are to be derived pursuant to investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements with clients. In general, either party may terminate these agreements upon 30 days' notice. Any termination of, or failure to renew, these agreements could have a material adverse impact, particularly because many of the costs are relatively fixed. Our largest client accounts for approximately 32% of total revenues as of the most recent quarter ended June 30, 2005 and, therefore, the Company is dependent to a significant degree on its ability to create and maintain a relationship with this client. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in creating or maintaining client relationships. Any failure by the Company to retain one or more large clients or establish profitable relationships with additional clients could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations. Because the Company's clients can remove the assets the Company manages on short notice, the Company may experience unexpected declines in revenue and profitability. The Company's investment advisory contracts are generally terminable upon very short notice. Institutional and individual clients, and firms with which the Company has strategic alliances, can terminate their relationship with the Company, reduce the aggregate amount of AUM or shift their funds to other types of accounts with different rate structures for a number of reasons, including investment performance, changes in prevailing interest rates and financial market performance. Poor performance relative to other investment management firms tends to result in decreased investments in the Company's investment products, increased redemptions of the Company's investment products, and the loss of institutional or individual accounts or strategic alliances. In addition, the ability to terminate relationships may allow clients to renegotiate for lower fees paid for asset management services. In addition, in the U.S., as required by the Investment Advisers Act, each of the Company's investment advisory contracts with the mutual funds the Company advises or subadvises automatically terminates upon its "assignment", or transfer of the Company's responsibility for fund management. Each of the Company's other investment advisory contracts subject to the provisions of the Investment Advisers Act, as required by this act, provides that the contract may not be "assigned" without the consent of the customer. A sale of a sufficiently large block of shares of the Company's voting securities or other transactions could be deemed an "assignment" in certain circumstances. An assignment, actual or constructive, will trigger these termination provisions and could adversely affect the Company's ability to continue managing client accounts. To the extent that a technical "assignment" of investment advisory contracts arises, the Company will take the necessary steps to provide clients an opportunity to consent to the continuation of their advisory agreements. Such new agreements may need approval by the stockholders of the respective funds. In the event that any of these clients do not consent to a renewal of their agreement, the Company could lose AUM, which would result in a loss of revenue. There may not be a consistent pattern in the Company's financial results from period to period, which may make it difficult for the Company to achieve steady earnings growth on a quarterly basis and may cause the price of the Company's Common Stock and, in turn, the Company's equity security units, to decline. The Company may experience significant fluctuations in revenue and profits. The Company's revenue is particularly sensitive to fluctuations in the Company's AUM. Asset management fees are often based on AUM as of the end of a quarter or month. As a result, a reduction in assets at the end of a quarter or month (as a result of market depreciation, withdrawals or otherwise) will result in a decrease in management fees. As a result of quarterly fluctuations, it may be difficult for the Company to achieve steady earnings growth on a quarterly basis which could, in turn, lead to large adverse movements in the price of the Company's Common Stock or increased volatility in the Company's stock price generally and, in turn, cause the value of the Company's equity security units to decline. Access to clients through intermediaries is important to the Company's asset management business, and reductions in referrals from such intermediaries or poor reviews of the Company's products or the Company's organization by such intermediaries could materially reduce the Company's revenue and impair the Company's ability to attract new clients. The Company's ability to market its services relies, in part, on receiving mandates from the client base of national and regional securities firms, banks, insurance companies, defined contribution plan administrators, investment consultants and other intermediaries. To an increasing extent, the Company's business uses referrals from accountants, lawyers, financial planners and other professional advisors. The inability to have this access could materially adversely affect the Company's business. In addition, many of these intermediaries review and evaluate the Company's products and the Company's organization. Poor reviews or evaluations of either the particular products or of the Company may result in client withdrawals or an inability to attract new assets through such intermediaries. The Company faces strong competition from financial services firms, many of whom have the ability to offer clients a wider range of products and services than the Company can offer, which could lead to pricing pressures that could materially adversely affect the Company's revenue and profitability. The financial services industry is intensely competitive and the Company expects it to remain so. In addition to performance, the Company competes on the basis of a number of factors including the quality of the Company's employees, transaction execution, the Company's products and services, innovation, reputation and price. The Company believes that it will experience pricing pressures in the future as some of the Company's competitors seek to obtain increased market share by reducing fees. The Company faces increased competition due to a trend toward consolidation. In recent years, there has been substantial consolidation and convergence among companies in the financial services industry. In particular, a number of large commercial banks, insurance companies and other broad-based financial services firms have established or acquired broker-dealers or have merged with other financial institutions. Many of these firms have the ability to offer a wide range of products, from loans, deposit-taking and insurance to brokerage, asset management and investment banking services, which may enhance their competitive position. They also have the ability to support investment banking, including financial advisory services, with commercial banking, insurance and other financial services revenue in an effort to gain market share, which could result in pricing pressure in the Company's business. The Company derives a substantial percentage of its revenues from two significant clients. CI and EPIEX accounted for approximately 43% of revenues for FY 2005 and 47% of revenues for the quarter ended June 30, 2005. A loss of either one of these clients could negatively impact results of operations and liquidity of the Company. Any event that negatively affects the asset management industry could have a material adverse effect. Any event affecting the asset management industry that results in a general decrease in AUM or a significant general decline in the number of advisory clients or accounts could negatively impact revenues. Future growth and success depends in part upon the growth of the asset management industry. The financial services industry faces substantial litigation and regulatory risks, and the Company may face damage to the Company's professional reputation and legal liability if the Company's services are not regarded as satisfactory or for other reasons. As a financial services firm, the Company depends to a large extent on the Company's relationships with the Company's clients and the Company's reputation for integrity and high-caliber professional services to attract and retain clients. As a result, if a client is not satisfied with the Company's services, such dissatisfaction may be more damaging to the Company's business than to other types of businesses. In recent years, the volume of claims and amount of damages claimed in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial advisors has been increasing. In the Company's business, the Company makes investment decisions on behalf of the Company's clients which could result in substantial losses. This may subject the Company to the risk of legal liabilities or actions alleging negligent misconduct, breach of fiduciary duty or breach of contract. These risks often may be difficult to assess or quantify and their existence and magnitude often remain unknown for substantial periods of time. The Company's engagements typically include broad indemnities from the Company's clients and provisions designed to limit the Company's exposure to legal claims relating to the Company's services, but these provisions may not protect the Company or may not be adhered to in all cases. The Company also is subject to claims arising from disputes with employees for alleged discrimination or harassment, among other things. These risks often may be difficult to assess or quantify, and their existence and magnitude often remain unknown for substantial periods of time. As a result, the Company may incur significant legal expenses in defending against litigation. Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against the Company could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations or cause significant reputational harm to the Company, which could seriously harm the Company's business. Due to the extensive laws and regulations to which the Company is subject, Management is required to devote substantial time and effort to legal and regulatory compliance issues. In addition, the regulatory environment in which the Company operates is subject to change. The Company may be adversely affected as a result of new or revised legislation or regulations or by changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and regulations. Employee misconduct could harm the Company by impairing the Company's ability to attract and retain clients and subjecting the Company to significant legal liability and reputational harm, and this type of misconduct is difficult to detect and deter. Recently, there have been a number of highly publicized cases involving fraud or other misconduct by employees in the financial services industry generally, and the Company runs the risk that employee misconduct could occur in the Company's business as well. For example, misconduct by employees could involve the improper use or disclosure of confidential information, which could result in regulatory sanctions and serious reputational or financial harm. In the Company's business, the Company has authority over client assets, and the Company may, from time to time, have custody of such assets. In addition, the Company often has discretion to trade client assets on the client's behalf and must do so acting in the best interest of the client. As a result, the Company is subject to a number of obligations and standards, and the violation of those obligations or standards may adversely affect the Company's clients and the Company. It is not always possible to deter employee misconduct, and the precautions the Company takes to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in all cases. The Company may pursue acquisitions or joint ventures that could present unforeseen integration obstacles or costs and could dilute the stock ownership of the Company's stockholders and holders of the Company's equity securities. As part of the Company's long-term business strategy, the Company may pursue joint ventures and other transactions aimed at expanding the geography and scope of the Company's operations. The Company expects to explore partnership opportunities that the Company believes to be attractive. While the Company is not currently in negotiations with respect to material acquisitions or material joint ventures, the Company routinely assesses its strategic position and may in the future seek acquisitions or other transactions to further enhance the Company's competitive position. If the Company is not correct when it assesses the value, strengths and weaknesses, liabilities and potential profitability of acquisition candidates or is not successful in integrating the operations of the acquired business, the success of the combined business could be compromised. Acquisitions and joint ventures involve a number of risks and present financial, managerial and operational challenges, including potential disruption of the Company's ongoing business and distraction of management, difficulty with integrating personnel and financial and other systems, hiring additional management and other critical personnel and increasing the scope, geographic diversity and complexity of the Company's operations. The Company's clients may react unfavorably to the Company's acquisition and joint venture strategy, the Company may not realize any anticipated benefits from acquisitions, and the Company may be exposed to additional liabilities of any acquired business or joint venture, any of which could materially adversely affect the Company's revenue and results of operations. In addition, future acquisitions or joint ventures may involve the issuance of additional shares of the Company's Common Stock, which may dilute existing ownership of the Company. Other operational risks may disrupt the Company's business, result in regulatory action against the Company, or limit the Company's growth. The Company's business is dependent on communications and information systems, including those of the Company's vendors. Any failure or interruption of these systems, whether caused by fire, other natural disaster, power or telecommunications failure, act of terrorism or war or otherwise, could materially adversely affect the Company's operating results. Although the Company has back-up systems in place, the Company's back-up procedures and capabilities in the event of a failure or interruption may not be adequate. The Company relies heavily on its financial, accounting, trading, compliance and other data processing systems. If any of these systems do not operate properly or are disabled, the Company could suffer financial loss, a disruption of the Company's business, liability to clients, regulatory intervention or reputational damage. The inability of the Company's systems to accommodate an increasing volume of transactions also could constrain the Company's ability to expand its businesses. The Company expects that it will need to continue to upgrade and expand these capabilities in the future to avoid disruption of, or constraints on, the Company's operations. Extensive regulation of the Company's business limits the Company's activities and results in ongoing exposure to the potential for significant penalties, including fines or limitations on the Company's ability to conduct its business. The financial services industry is subject to extensive regulation. The Company is subject to regulation by governmental and self-regulatory organizations in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates around the world. Many of these regulators, including U.S. and non-U.S. government agencies and self-regulatory organizations, as well as state securities commissions in the U.S., are empowered to conduct administrative proceedings that can result in censure, fine, the issuance of cease-and- desist orders or the suspension or expulsion of a broker-dealer. The requirements imposed by the Company's regulators are designed to ensure the integrity of the financial markets and to protect customers and other third parties who deal with the Company and are not designed to protect the Company's stockholders. Consequently, these regulations often serve to limit the Company's activities, including through net capital, customer protection and market conduct requirements. The Company faces the risk of significant intervention by regulatory authorities, including extended investigation and surveillance activity, adoption of costly or restrictive new regulations and judicial or administrative proceedings that may result in substantial penalties. Among other things, the Company could be fined or be prohibited from engaging in some of the Company's business activities. In addition, the regulatory environment in which the Company operates is subject to modifications and further regulation. New laws or regulations or changes in the enforcement of existing laws or regulations applicable to the Company and the Company's clients also may adversely affect the Company's business, and the Company's ability to function in this environment will depend on the Company's ability to constantly monitor and react to these changes. In addition, the regulatory environment in which the Company's clients operate may impact the Company's business. For example, changes in antitrust laws or the enforcement of antitrust laws could affect the level of mergers and acquisitions activity and changes in state laws may limit investment activities of state pension plans. In particular, for asset management businesses in general, there have been a number of highly publicized regulatory inquiries that focus on the mutual funds industry. These inquiries already have resulted in increased scrutiny in the industry and new rules and regulations for mutual funds and their investment managers. This regulatory scrutiny and rulemaking initiatives may result in an increase in operational and compliance costs or the assessment of significant fines or penalties against the Company's asset management business, and may otherwise limit the Company's ability to engage in certain activities. In addition, financial services firms are subject to numerous conflicts of interests or perceived conflicts. The Company has adopted various policies, controls and procedures to address or limit actual or perceived conflicts and regularly seeks to review and update the Company's policies, controls and procedures. However, these policies and procedures may result in increased costs, additional operational personnel, and increased regulatory risk. Failure to adhere to these policies and procedures may result in regulatory sanctions or client litigation. Specific regulatory changes also may have a direct impact on the revenue of the Company's asset management business. In addition to regulatory scrutiny and potential fines and sanctions, regulators continue to examine different aspects of the asset management industry. Other proposed rules that are currently under consideration include potential limitations on investment activities in which an advisor may engage, such as hedge funds and mutual funds, increased disclosure of advisor and fund activities and changes in compensation for mutual fund sales. These regulatory changes and other proposed or potential changes may result in a reduction of revenue associated with these activities. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could lower the Company's net income or negatively impact the portfolios of the Company's clients and may affect the levels of the Company's AUM. Foreign currency fluctuations also can impact the portfolios of the Company's clients. Client portfolios are invested in securities across the globe, although most portfolios are in a single base currency. Foreign currency fluctuations can adversely impact investment performance for a client's portfolio. In addition, foreign currency fluctuations may affect the levels of the Company's AUM. As the Company's AUM includes assets that are denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars, an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to those non-U.S. currencies may result in a decrease in the dollar value of the Company's AUM, which, in turn, would result in lower U.S. dollar denominated revenue in the Company's business. While this risk may be limited by foreign currency hedging, some risks cannot be hedged and there is no guarantee that the Company's hedging activity will be successful. Poor performance may result in decreased AUM, including withdrawal of client assets or a decrease in new assets being raised in the relevant product. The Company may not be able to fund future capital requirements on favorable terms, if at all. The Company cannot be certain that financing to fund working capital or other cash requirements, if needed, will be available on favorable terms, if at all. Capital requirements will vary greatly from quarter to quarter depending on, among other things, capital expenditures, fluctuations in operating results and financing activities. We believe that current cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to satisfy the Company's cash requirements for the foreseeable future. However, if future financing is necessary, the Company may or may not be able to obtain financing on favorable terms, if at all. Further, any future equity financings could dilute the relative percentage ownership of the then existing holders of Common Stock, and any future debt financings could involve restrictive covenants that limit our ability to take certain actions. Employees As of June 30, 2005, the Company employed 28 full-time employees. Eleven employees are involved in the portfolio management, research and trading roles, nine in marketing, and eight in operations and business management. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES __________ The Company's headquarters and primary business operations are located in New York, New York. The Company leases 10,243 square feet of office space under a long-term lease that expires in September 2015. In addition, the Company maintains a small office in Sherman Oaks, CA on an annual lease. Certain administrative support and corporate affairs are conducted in offices in Dallas, Texas on a six-month lease which expires in February 2006. The Company is also the primary party to a lease in New York, New York with approximately 8,500 square feet, which expires in December 2010. In January 2002, a sublease agreement was executed with an unrelated third party. While the Company remains responsible under terms of the original lease, the subtenant has assumed those responsibilities and is performing its obligations under the sublease agreement. Proceeds from the sublease more than offset costs in the primary lease, net of profit sharing with the landlord. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS _________________ In the normal course of business, we may be subject to various legal proceedings from time to time. Management is not aware of any claims which would have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position. ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS ___________________________________________________ No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2005. PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS _____________________________________________________________ The Company's Common Stock is quoted on the OTCBB under the trading symbol "EPHC". The following table sets forth the range of closing prices for shares of the Common Stock for the fiscal quarters indicated. No cash dividends were paid during those fiscal quarters. COMMON STOCK _________________________________________________________________________ High Low _________________________________________________________________________ Fiscal 2005 First Quarter $3.10 $2.15 Second Quarter 4.90 2.50 Third Quarter 5.00 4.25 Fourth Quarter 4.74 4.10 _________________________________________________________________________ Fiscal 2004 First Quarter $1.40 $ .75 Second Quarter 1.40 1.00 Third Quarter 1.47 1.25 Fourth Quarter 3.00 1.40 _________________________________________________________________________ On September 12, 2005 the Company announced that its application for listing on Nasdaq SmallCap had been approved, and it expects to commence trading on Nasdaq SmallCap under Epoch's current symbol, "EPHC", within the subsequent 30 days. Epoch's trading on the OTCBB will cease upon commencement of trading on Nasdaq SmallCap. As of September 19, 2005 there were 1,116 holders of record of the Company's Common Stock. The number of holders of record of the Company's Common Stock on September 19, 2005 was computed by a count of record holders. Dividends No cash dividends were paid during the year ended June 30, 2005. Future payment of quarterly cash dividends, if any, is subject to periodic review and reconsideration by the Company's Board. Recent issuance of unregistered securities Upon the closing of the business combination with EIP in June 2004, Allan R. Tessler, our Chairman of the Board and former Chief Executive Officer, was awarded 200,000 restricted shares of the Company's Common Stock, priced at $1.50 per share, the quoted closing market price for the Company's Common Stock on the date of the business combination, for his role in identifying and closing the business combination with EIP. There were no other issuances of unregistered securities in FY 2005. Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table provides information regarding the status of the Company's equity compensation plans at June 30, 2005: Number of securities to be issued upon Weighted-average Number of securities exercise of exercise price of remaining available options and outstanding restricted for future issuance lifting of stock units and under equity restrictions exercise price of compensation plans on common outstanding options, (excluding securities Plan Category stock warrants and rights reflected in column 1) _____________ ________________ _______________________ ______________________ 1992 Incentive and Non-qualified Stock Option Plan (a) 657,500 $ 8.91 - 2004 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (b) 423,112 $ 4.14 2,576,888 Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders 610,000 $12.38 -
(a) The Company's 1992 Incentive and Nonqualified Stock Option Plan expired on September 30, 2002. The remaining options under this plan will remain open until they are exercised, cancelled or expire. (b) Stockholders of the Company approved the 2004 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan at the Company's Annual Meeting of Shareholders on November 18, 2004. All securities issued under this plan are in the form of restricted stock, which vest over a three year period. In the event recipients do not fulfill their continuing employment obligations, unvested shares of restricted stock will be cancelled and returned to the plan for future issuance, unless the Compensation Committee of the Company authorizes revisions to the original vesting terms. ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA _______________________ The following is selected financial data of the Company. Due to the reverse merger treatment for the EIP business combination, consolidated operations began on April 14, 2004. Accordingly, the selected financial data reflects this limited operating history (dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data). The following selected historical consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, all included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Statement of Operations Data ____________________________ Commencement of operations on April 14, 2004 Fiscal Year Ended through June 30, 2005 June 30, 2004 _________________ ________________ Operating Data: _______________ Revenues $ 4,307 $ 70 Loss from continuing operations $(7,108) $(1,013) Income from discontinued operations 571 21 _______ _______ Net loss $(6,537) $ (992) ======= ======= Basic and diluted loss per share from continuing operations $ (.39) $ (.15) ======= ======= Basic and diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations $ .03 $ - ======= ======= Average outstanding common shares 18,025 6,718(a) ======= ======= Balance Sheet Data __________________ Total assets $13,031 $17,152 ======= ======= Short-term investments $ - $ 4,967 ======= ======= Long-term debt $ - $ - ======= ======= Stockholders' equity $ 9,577 $12,687 ======= ======= Assets under management (in millions) $ 1,402 $ 848 ======= ======= (a) 2004 weighted average shares outstanding are based on 1,000 shares from April 14, 2004 through June 1, 2004, representing issued and outstanding shares of Epoch up to the date of the merger. Beginning June 2, 2004, issued and outstanding shares were 17,834,737. ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND _______________________________________________________________ RESULTS OF OPERATIONS _____________________ Forward-Looking Statements Certain information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and other materials filed or to be filed by the Company with the SEC contain statements that may be considered forward-looking. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as "may," "might," "will," "should," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential" or "continue," and the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about the Company, may include projections of the Company's future financial performance based on the Company's growth strategies and anticipated trends in the Company's business. These statements are only predictions based on the Company's current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause the Company's actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the numerous risks and uncertainties outlined in "Cautionary Statements." These risks and uncertainties are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K may include additional factors which could adversely impact the Company's business and financial performance. Moreover, the Company operates in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Company's management to predict all risks and uncertainties, nor can the Company assess the impact of all factors on the Company's business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Although the Company believes the expectations reflected in the forward- looking statements are reasonable, the Company cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither the Company nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The Company is under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, nor to conform the Company's prior statements to actual results or revised expectations, and the Company does not intend to do so. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about: . the Company's business strategies and investment policies, . the Company's possible or assumed future results of operations and operating cash flows, . the Company's financing plans and the availability of short-term borrowing, . the Company's competitive position, . potential growth opportunities available to the Company, . the recruitment and retention of the Company's managing directors and employees, . the Company's expected levels of compensation, . the Company's potential operating performance, achievements, productivity improvements, efficiency and cost reduction efforts, . the likelihood of success and impact of litigation, . the Company's expected tax rates, . the Company's expectations with respect to the economy, securities markets, the market for mergers and acquisitions activity, the market for asset management activity and other industry trends, . the benefits to the Company resulting from the effects of separation and recapitalization transactions and additional financing transactions, . the effects of competition on the Company, and . the impact of future legislation and regulation on the Company. Overview The Company provides investment advisory and investment management services to its clients. Its operating subsidiary, EIP, is a registered investment advisor under the Investment Advisors Act. Its business operations are to manage investment assets for mutual funds, endowments, foundations and high net worth individuals. Revenues are generally derived from a percentage of AUM. Therefore, revenues are dependent on (i) performance of financial markets, (ii) the ability to maintain existing clients, and (iii) changes in the composition of AUM. The management team is led by William W. Priest. Mr. Priest has over 30 years of experience in the investment advisory business. The overall investment philosophy is focused on achieving a superior risk-adjusted return by investing in companies which are undervalued relative to the investment team's fair value determinations. Security selection and portfolio construction are designed to protect capital in declining markets while participating in rising markets. The Company uses a fiscal year which ends on June 30 of each calendar year. The June 2, 2004 business combination between J Net and EIP was treated as a reverse merger for accounting purposes. Therefore, EIP's historical operations, which are limited, provided the basis for this Management's Discussion and Analysis. The June 30, 2005 fiscal year reflects the first full year of business operations. Due to the reverse merger treatment, the June 30, 2004 results of operations reflect the April 14, 2004 (the date on which EIP began conducting business operations) through June 30, 2004 operations for EIP and J Net from June 2, 2004 (the date of the business combination) through June 30, 2004. Critical Accounting Policies ____________________________ General The policies outlined below are critical to the Company's operations and the understanding of the results of operations. The impact of these policies on operations is discussed throughout Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations where such policies affect the reported and expected financial results. For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, refer to Note 1 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Note that preparation of this Annual Report on Form 10-K requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The June 2, 2004 business combination with EIP, pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, was treated as a reverse acquisition. In a reverse acquisition, the "legally acquired" company (EIP) becomes the surviving reporting entity. EIP began conducting business operations in April 2004. Due to the fact that FY 2005 represents the first full year of operations, comparisons to FY 2004 are not meaningful since FY 2004 reflects only the start-up period for EIP of April 2004 through June 2004. Revenue recognition Investment advisory and management fees pursuant to specific terms contained in advisory or sub-advisory contracts between EIP and its clients are generally recognized as services are provided. Such contracts generally call for revenue to be determined as a percentage of AUM. Generally, fees are billed on a quarterly basis, in arrears. Advance payments, if received, are deferred and recognized during the periods for which services are provided. The Company performs services for mutual funds under advisory and sub- advisory contracts. Fees for these contracts are calculated based upon the daily net assets of the respective fund. Generally, advisory payments from the mutual funds are received monthly, while sub-advisory payments are received quarterly. The Company also has certain contracts which contain "incentive clauses" which allow the Company to collect additional fees in the event that investment returns exceed stated amounts in the contracts. Revenues for these incentives are recognized only when such performance targets are exceeded at the end of the contracts' performance years, typically at the end of each calendar year. No revenues are recognized until the contract year-ends, even when investment returns are exceeding the contractual targets within the contract year, due to the inability to forecast financial markets. Investments in Technology-Related Businesses The Company holds minority investments in privately held, nonpublic technology-related companies. Ownership in these companies ranges from less than 1% to 14%. The Company uses the cost method to account for these investments. It is the policy of the Company to evaluate its investments in technology-related businesses for possible impairment on a quarterly basis. The carrying values may differ from the values ultimately realized upon disposition. As of June 30, 2005, the Company held investments in four private companies which continued to conduct business operations; Tellme Networks, Inc., Estara, Inc., Strategic Data Corporation and a privately held fund other than technology-related companies. Only one such investment, Tellme Networks, Inc., continued to have any value ascribed, as described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. There are no plans to make additional investments in technology-related businesses. Stock-based compensation The Company applies Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25") and the pro forma disclosures required in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS 123") to account for employee and qualifying director stock-based compensation using the fair market value method. The Company also follows the provisions contained within the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Interpretation 44 ("FIN 44"), which provides clarification on the application of APB 25. Stock-based compensation costs related to equity instruments are charged against income ratably over the fixed vesting period of the related equity instruments, with the initial charge generally recorded in the first full month following the grant. There were no stock options issued during FY 2005 and FY 2004. All stock options previously granted under a stock option plan, which expired on September 30, 2002, were fully vested prior to FY 2004. Therefore, there are no pro forma disclosures under SFAS 123 because there is no difference between the net losses for FY 2005 and FY 2004, as reported, and the potential effects of any stock-based compensation using SFAS 123. Additionally, there is no difference between APB 25 and SFAS 123 in compensation costs recognized for restricted stock awards and restricted stock issued in the business combination described in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. On December 16, 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (Revised 2004), "Share-Based Payment" ("SFAS 123R"). SFAS 123R requires companies to expense share-based payments, including stock options, as compensation. The Company will adopt SFAS 123R in the quarter beginning July 1, 2005. Presently, the Company's restricted stock awards fall under the scope of SFAS 123R, and the current accounting treatment for those awards is consistent with SFAS 123R. On June 2, 2004, the Company issued 9,095,716 shares of its Common Stock to the former shareholders of EIP in connection with the business combination with EIP. A total of 5,763,251 of these shares were compensatory shares issued to shareholders who became employees of the Company. Additionally, 5,531,332 of the compensatory shares are subject to a three-year vesting period, which requires continued employment with the Company during the vesting period. On June 2, 2005, a total of 790,190 of those shares vested pursuant to terms contained in the June 2, 2004 Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement"). Assuming the shareholders remain employees of the Company, 1,580,381 shares will vest on June 2, 2006 and the remaining 3,160,761 shares will vest on June 2, 2007. A total of 1,623,428 of the 5,531,332 shares subject to the aforementioned vesting were attributable to an escrow provision as defined in the Merger Agreement. These shares were not deemed to be earned until June 18, 2004, the date on which AUM surpassed the targets established in the Merger Agreement. As a result, the value of these shares is based on a share price of $2.03, the closing price of the Company's Common Stock on June 18, 2004. The other 3,907,904 shares were valued on June 2, 2004 at $1.50 per share, the effective date of the business combination. Total stock compensation expense, as it relates to the employees who were issued stock, was $.5 million in FY 2004 and $3.1 million in FY 2005. Assuming the remaining shares vest as contemplated, additional stock compensation of $3.1 million per year will occur in FY 2006 and FY 2007. During fiscal year 2005, 294,796 shares of restricted stock were issued to employees of the Company under the Company's 2004 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan. In addition, non-employee directors of the Company receive Common Stock equal to $50,000 per year for their services. Two such awards were made to directors in FY 2005, one for FY 2005 services and one in advance of FY 2006 services. Total shares issued to directors for the two years of services were 128,316. Vesting terms for the restricted stock issued to employees are identical to the three-year vesting terms for the former EIP stockholders. Directors' restricted shares vest one-third per year over a three-year period from the date of issuance. Discontinued Operations Prior to the business combination with EIP, the Company conducted operations in the Internet-based e-commerce industry. Upon consummation of the business combination, the Company formalized a plan to divest this line of business, which was conducted through IW Holdings, Inc. ("IWH"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. As a result, the IWH financial information is being reported as discontinued operations. Management completed the sale of the assets of IWH in September 2004. Capital Resources and Liquidity _______________________________ Liquidity As of June 30, 2005, the Company had $8.6 million of cash and cash equivalents and $1.2 million of accounts receivable available to fund its operations and growth strategy. Working capital at the end of FY 2005 was $7.5 million. Sources of funds are generated from investment advisory revenues, interest from cash deposits and rental receipts from the Company's subleased office space in New York. During FY 2005, the Company also received proceeds of $.5 million from collection of a note issued to the purchaser of the discontinued operations when those operations were sold in September 2004. FY 2005 represented, for the most part, the start-up year and an operating loss from continuing operations of $7.1 million was incurred - which included non-cash charges of approximately $3.6 million. At June 30, 2004, AUM was $848 million and employees directly involved in the investment advisory and investment management operations totaled 17 full-time employees. During FY 2005, the AUM grew approximately 65% to $1.4 billion and employees increased to a total of 28 full-time on staff. The Company expects to continue to increase staff in FY 2006 to support the increased AUM base and increased distribution efforts for its products. However, the rate of employee additions is expected to decline substantially compared to the Company's start-up year. The Company's Management expects to generate quarterly positive cash flow operating results during the latter quarters of FY 2006. A number of factors could impact this objective, including, but not limited to, retention of existing clients, overall performance of domestic and international markets, the ability to control operating costs, and success in adding to AUM. Despite the incurrence of operating losses that are expected to occur into FY 2006, Management believes the existing cash and cash equivalents are adequate to provide the necessary resources to implement its growth to profitability objectives. A summary of the changes in cash balances during FY 2005 follows (dollars in thousands): Cash and short-term investments as of June 30, 2004 $15,768 Payment of formation costs - EIP merger (840) Capital expenditures for office space, net of landlord contributions of $614 (1,819) Settlement of IRS claims, including interest (1,483) Collection of notes 534 Cash used in operations and working capital (3,610) _______ Cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2005 $ 8,550 ======= Contractual Obligations The Company's headquarters and operations are located in New York, New York. Business is conducted in offices with approximately 10,000 square feet under a long-term lease that expires in September 2015. Future minimum lease payments under this lease are presented on the following table (dollars in thousands): Fiscal Years Ended June 30, ____________________________________________ 2007 - 2010 - 2012 and 2006 2009 2011 thereafter Total ____ ______ ______ __________ ______ Future minimum payments $499 $1,997 $1,370 $3,048 $6,914 ==== ====== ====== ====== ====== The Company is also the primary party to another lease in New York, New York which expires in December 2010. This property is subleased to an unrelated third party. While the Company remains responsible for obligations under the lease, the sublease income, net of profit sharing with the landlord, more than offsets the Company's obligations under this lease. The subtenant has performed its obligations under the sublease agreement and the Company is not aware of any credit issues with the subtenant. As of June 30, 2005, the remaining future minimum payments under this lease total $2.6 million. These future minimum payments are more than offset by future minimum receipts from the subtenant, net of profit sharing with the landlord, which total $3.0 million as of June 30, 2005. The Company also has office leases in Sherman Oaks, California and Dallas, Texas. These leases are in "executive suites" with commitments of less than one year. The obligations under these leases are minimal. There are no employment contracts with any officers or employees of the Company. The Company is obligated to enter into an employment agreement with William W. Priest, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, in June 2007, at the end of his three year employment date with the Company. Terms of such agreement are not known at this time, although the contents of that contract, when and if such contract is entered into, are expected to be comparable with other Chief Executive Officers of publicly traded investment advisory and investment management firms and must be reviewed and approved by the Company's Compensation Committee. The Company has obligations to pay either bonuses or advances on future sales commissions in FY 2006 and FY 2007 which total approximately $2.5 million. Approximately $.6 million of the Company's bonus obligation represents restricted stock awards to be issued in FY 2006. The Company also has certain severance obligations which total approximately $.2 million if such severance occurs. Summary of Contractual Obligations The following table summarizes all contractual obligations, including the aforementioned office leases (dollars in thousands). Fiscal Years Ended June 30, ____________________________________________ 2007 - 2010 - 2012 and 2006 2009 2011 thereafter Total ____ ______ ______ __________ ______ Primary New York operations $ 499 $ 1,997 $1,370 $3,048 $ 6,914 Subleased New York lease 481 1,442 641 - 2,564 Other office locations 20 - - - 20 Other operating leases 32 49 11 - 92 Bonuses and commissions (a) 2,509 150 - - 2,659 ______ _______ ______ ______ _______ Total obligations 3,541 3,638 2,022 3,048 12,249 Sublease income (548) (1,708) (765) - (3,021) ______ _______ ______ ______ _______ Net obligations $2,993 $ 1,930 $1,257 $3,048 $ 9,228 ====== ======= ====== ====== ======= (a) Bonuses and commissions include approximately $.6 million of non-cash restricted stock awards to be issued in FY 2006. It also includes $.2 million of severance obligations. Cash Flows Cash used in operations during FY 2005 was $5.9 million. The total amount included nonrecurring payments of $.8 million for formation costs related to the June 2004 business combination with EIP and a $1.5 million payment to the Internal Revenue Service to settle earlier year audit claims of J Net. Excluding these non-recurring payments, cash used in operations, including working capital changes was $3.6 million. Management expects the cash used in operations to decline in the future. AUM and its related operating revenue have steadily increased, and expenses from rapid hiring of personnel are expected to level in the near future. The combination of these events is expected to cause quarterly cash use to continue to decline. Off-Balance Sheet Agreements As of June 30, 2005, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements. Results of Operations FY 2005 compared with FY 2004 General _______ The fiscal year ended June 30, 2005 represents the first full year of operations of the Company. In FY 2004, results of operations represented the start-up period, which began on April 14, 2004 and ended on June 30, 2004. Since FY 2004 results of operations reflect only a partial year, comparisons of FY 2005 to FY 2004 are not meaningful. Accordingly, the discussion of results of operations will focus on significant accomplishments during the Company's first full year of operations. Where applicable, we will discuss current actions being taken to guide the Company toward profitability. The summarized results of operations for FY 2005 and FY 2004 are presented below (dollars in thousands): FY 2005 FY 2004 _______ _______ Revenues $ 4,307 $ 70 General and administrative expenses (9,155) (371) Stock-based compensation (3,427) (771) _______ _______ Loss from continuing operations (8,275) (1,072) Other income, net 1,167 59 _______ _______ Net loss from continuing operations (7,108) (1,013) Net gain from discontinued operations 571 21 _______ _______ Net loss $(6,537) $ (992) ======= ======= Operating metrics: Assets under management (in millions) $ 1,402 $ 848 ======= ======= Assets under management _______________________ AUM as of June 30, 2005 were $1.4 billion compared with AUM of $.8 billion on June 30, 2004. A summary of AUM by client type for each year-end follows (dollars in millions): 2005 2004 $ increase % change ______ ____ __________ ________ Sub-advised $ 922 $609 $313 51% Institutional 233 28 205 732% High net worth 247 211 36 17% ______ ____ ____ ___ $1,402 $848 $554 65% ====== ==== ==== === Significant additions at the product level included $212 million in new mandates in the international equity products as well as $115 million in new mandates in the Company's U.S. value strategies. Revenues ________ Revenues from investment advisory and investment management services were $4.3 million in FY 2005. As previously noted, FY 2004 revenues, which were $70 thousand, are not comparable due to FY 2004 representing only a partial year. In fact, no revenues were earned in FY 2004 until June 21, 2004. As a result, FY 2004 revenues represented only nine days of earnings. A significant percentage of revenues in FY 2005 was derived from two clients; CI and EPIEX, a publicly traded mutual fund for which EIP is the adviser. As of June 30, 2005, CI represented 64% of total AUM and 36% of FY 2005 total revenues. The significance of EPIEX increased during the last half of FY 2005. EPIEX represented over 14% of revenues for the quarter ended June 30, 2005, and 7% of revenues for FY 2005. A significant anticipated revenue highlight as the Company moves into its next fiscal year is the fact that over $63 million of June 30, 2005 AUM were from mandates that occurred on June 29 and June 30, 2005. Therefore, no revenues were earned from these awards in FY 2005. The annualized revenues from these two mandates, based on the initial AUM number at their respective contract dates are over $400 thousand. Operating expenses (including stock-based compensation) _______________________________________________________ The Company classifies its operating expenses into four categories: 1. Employee-related costs - These costs include cash compensation, bonuses, employee benefits and related employer tax costs, sales commissions, and travel costs. For FY 2005, these costs totaled $6.3 million. Total full-time employees increased to 28 at June 30, 2005 from 17 in the previous year. The Company expects to increase staff during the next three months to 32. Employee additions will be centered on investment professionals to supplement research on the Company's existing products. 2. Professional fees and services - These costs represent fees for outside counsel, independent accountants, and other contractors or professionals, such as public relations firms and advertising professionals. For FY 2005, these expenses totaled $1.0 million. Significant components included in these expenses included legal and accounting fees related to compliance with public company and Investment Advisors Act requirements of $.4 million, marketing costs of $.2 million, and $.3 million to various other service providers. The Company expects to reduce its reliance on outside professionals as full time staff additions are added. Nevertheless, certain third party costs in advertising and compliance with public company and investment advisory regulations will continue to be incurred. In addition, the Company expects to see an increase in professional fees in the upcoming twelve months as it implements its Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 reporting requirements. 3. General and administrative expenses - The most significant components of these expenses, which totaled $1.9 million in FY 2005, include office rent ($1.0 million), insurance costs ($.1 million), computer applications and software-related maintenance costs ($.2 million), office supplies, utilities and marketing materials ($.2 million) and depreciation expenses ($.2 million). 4. Stock-based compensation - In FY 2005, total stock compensation was $3.4 million. Of this total, $3.1 million is attributable to stock which was issued to the former stockholders of EIP in the June 2, 2004 business combination. This stock is subject to a three-year vesting term, which will expire in June 2007. The remaining $.3 million represents restricted stock awards to employees and non-employee directors of the Company. The amortization of the EIP stockholders' restricted stock will be $3.1 million in FY 2006 and FY 2007. Due to their significance, the ability to achieve profitability will be curtailed until the vesting period expires. Management is focused on achieving this profitability, but cannot assure it will be accomplished during the periods when the stock compensation is at the current, unusually high rate. Other income, net _________________ The Company invests its excess cash in money market and other interest- bearing instruments which earn interest over a short period of time, typically 7 to 35 days. Management does not seek higher returns from investments in riskier, low-grade securities. In FY 2005, interest earned on excess cash was $.2 million. One of the Company's properties in New York, New York is subleased to an unrelated party. In FY 2005, rental receipts from the subtenant were $.6 million. The rental receipts more than offset base lease costs on the property. In FY 2005, the Company sold its Internet-based e-commerce business and accepted a note with a face value of $.5 million as part of the purchase price. At the time of the sale, Management assigned significant risk to the collectibility of the note and established an allowance of $.3 million against the face value. In May 2005, the purchaser paid the note in full. As a result, a gain of $.3 million, equal to the allowance, was recognized. Loss from continuing operations _______________________________ A loss of $7.1 million was incurred in FY 2005. The Company believes it has the necessary human resources and infrastructure to increase revenues without incurring significant additional operating costs. As previously mentioned, there will be significant stock-based compensation costs in FY 2006 and FY 2007. Therefore, the ability to achieve profitability will be difficult until the initial stock compensation from the June 2, 2004 business combination with EIP is complete. Discontinued operations _______________________ In September 2004, the Company completed the sale of its e-commerce software operations to the former management of that segment. Consideration to the Company came in the form of a 19.9% membership interest in the buyer's entity, the assumption by the buyer of liabilities of $466 thousand, and the issuance of a $534 thousand secured promissory note (the "Note") to the Company. The Note was due 5 years from the date of issuance, bore interest at 6.5% per annum and was secured by all of the assets that were purchased in the transaction. Payments of principal on the Note were to be made at a rate of 50% of the annual cash flows from operations, as defined in the agreement, in excess of $300 thousand. The Company recorded the Note at its estimated fair value of approximately $200 thousand. Factors affecting the estimate were the non-marketable status of the Note and certain risks in reaching cash flow targets for payment. On May 16, 2005 the Company collected the full $534 thousand. The receipt fully discharged the Note and required the Company to record a fourth quarter gain of $334 thousand. Selected financial data - discontinued operations Following are the summary operating results of the discontinued operations (dollars in thousands): Revenues $ 293 Costs and expenses (294) _____ Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes (1) Provision for income taxes - _____ Loss from discontinued operations $ (1) ===== Gain from sale of discontinued operations $ 571 Provision for income taxes - _____ After tax gain $ 571 ===== In May 2005, the purchaser of the e-commerce assets sold the assets to another party and repaid the face value of the Note to the Company. The associated gain, equal to the allowance established by the Company in September 2004 was reported as a component of other income in continuing operations and not a part of the discontinued operations gain. This accounting treatment is consistent with the SEC's Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 93 which states the gains and losses associated with assets received as consideration for discontinued operations should be reported within continuing operations. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK _________________________________________________________ The Company invests its free cash in various financial instruments and money markets, which entail certain risks. Presently, the Company does not participate in hedging activities nor does it have any derivative financial instruments. Cash and cash equivalents, including earning instruments which earn interest over short periods of time (7-35 days), are exposed to market risk due to changes in interest rates, which impacts interest income. Cash balances also exceed amounts which are guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company maintains its cash in institutions which have superior credit ratings and consistently monitors the quality of the institution where its cash is deposited. The value of AUM can be affected by changes in interest rates and fluctuations in financial markets. The Company's revenue is derived from the value of AUM. Therefore, revenues and results of operations can be negatively affected by adverse changes in the prices of securities or interest rates. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ___________________________________________ The Financial Statements and Supplementary Data required by this Item 8 are set forth as indicated in Item 15(a)(1)(2). ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND _______________________________________________________________ FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE ____________________ None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES _______________________ Within the 90-day period prior to the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer (the "CEO"), the Chief Operating Officer ("COO") and the Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), of the effectiveness and design of disclosure controls and procedures, pursuant to Securities and Exchange Act Rule 13a- 15(b), used to prepare consolidated financial statements. Based on that evaluation, the CEO, COO and CFO have concluded the disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed or to be filed with the SEC are adequate and are operating in an effective manner. There have been no significant changes in our internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of the most recent evaluation. The Company is not currently an accelerated filer and is not currently subject to the Internal Control reporting requirements under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act until its next fiscal year which will end on June 30, 2007. The Company has begun documentation of processes for its internal controls and will comply with Section 404 as required. PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT ________________________________________ ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION ______________________ ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT ______________________________________________________________ ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS ______________________________________________ ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES ______________________________________ The information required by items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are incorporated by reference from the 2005 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year covered by this report. PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K _______________________________________________________________ (a) (1) and (2) Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules For a list of the consolidated financial statements and consolidated financial statement schedules filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, see "Index to Financial Statements, Supplementary Data and Financial Statement Schedules" on page F-1. (a) (3) The exhibits filed and incorporated by reference are listed in the index of Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K at Item c below. (b) Reports on Form 8-K Date of Report Item(s) Description ______________ _______ ___________ July 13, 2005 8.01 and 9.01 Disclosure of June 30, 2005 Assets Under Management and related press release July 13, 2005 5.02(b) Resignation of Mark E. Wilson as the Company's Chief Financial Officer effective August 15, 2005 August 8, 2005 5.02(c) Appointment of Adam Borak as the Company's Chief Financial Officer effective August 8, 2005 September 12, 2005 3.01 and 9.01 Notice of approval by The Nasdaq to trade on The Nasdaq SmallCap Market and related press release (c) Exhibits 2.1 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated June 2, 2004 (A) 3.1 Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant, as amended (B) 3.2 By-laws of the Registrant, as amended (B) 4.1 Stockholder Rights Agreement dated as of July 11, 1994 between the Registrant and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent (C) 10.2 1992 Incentive and Non-qualified Stock Option Plan (D)(E) 10.40 Stockholders Agreement dated as of June 2, 2004 among J Net Enterprises, Inc. and certain of its stockholders (A) 10.41 Registration Rights Agreement dated as of June 2, 2004 among J Net Enterprises, Inc. and certain of its stockholders (A) 10.42 Audited Financial Statements of J Net as of June 1, 2004 (F) 10.43 Asset Purchase Agreement by and between InterWorld Holdings, LLC as buyer and IW Holdings, Inc. as seller dated September 9, 2004 (G) 10.44 2004 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (E) (H) 10.45 Office lease between Vornado 640 Fifth Avenue LLC (Landlord) and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (Tenant) (I) 10.46 Form of Restricted Stock Award - Directors (I) 10.47 Form of Restricted Stock Award - Employees (I) 21.1 List of Registrant's subsidiaries (I) 23.1 Consent of CF & Co., L.L.P. (I) 31.1 Principal Executive Officer Certification (I) 31.2 Principal Financial Officer Certification (I) 32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (I) (A) Incorporated by reference to Registrant's Form 8-K dated June 3, 2004. (B) Incorporated by reference to Registrant's Form 8-K dated December 7, 2004. (C) Incorporated by reference to Registrant's Form 8-K dated July 12, 1994. (D) Incorporated by reference to Registrant's 1992 Proxy Statement. (E) Management contract or compensatory agreement which is separately identified in accordance with Item 15(a)(3) of Form 10-K). (F) Incorporated by reference to Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2004. (G) Incorporated by reference to Registrant's Form 8-K dated September 14, 2004. (H) Incorporated by reference to Registrant's Form 8-K dated November 19, 2004. (I) Included herein. (d) Schedules For a list of the financial statement schedules filed as a part of this annual report on Form 10-K, see "Index to Financial Statements, Supplementary Data and Financial Statement Schedules" on page F-1. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Dated: September 28, 2005 EPOCH HOLDING CORPORATION (Registrant) By: /s/ William W. Priest _______________________ William W. Priest Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/ Allan R. Tessler Chairman of the Board September 28, 2005 _______________________ Allan R. Tessler /s/ William W. Priest Chief Executive Officer September 28, 2005 _______________________ (Principal Executive Officer) William W. Priest /s/ Adam Borak Chief Financial Officer September 28, 2005 _______________________ (Principal Financial Officer) Adam Borak /s/ Jeffrey L. Berenson Director September 28, 2005 _______________________ Jeffrey L. Berenson /s/ Peter A. Flaherty Director September 28, 2005 _______________________ Peter A. Flaherty /s/ Eugene M. Freedman Director September 28, 2005 _______________________ Eugene M. Freedman /s/ David R. Markin Director September 28, 2005 _______________________ David R. Markin EPOCH HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, SUPPLEMENTARY DATA AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES [ITEMS 8 AND 15(a)] (1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets Years ended June 30, 2005 and June 30, 2004 Consolidated Statements of Operations For the period from April 14, 2004 (date of inception) to June 30, 2004 and year ended June 30, 2005 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity For the period from April 14, 2004 (date of inception) to June 30, 2004 and year ended June 30, 2005 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the period from April 14, 2004 (date of inception) to June 30, 2004 and year ended June 30, 2005 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (2) SUPPLEMENTARY DATA: Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) For the year ended June 30, 2005 and for the period from April 14, 2004 (Date of Inception) to June 30, 2004 Certain financial statement schedules are omitted because the required information is provided in the Consolidated Financial Statements or the notes thereto. All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted. Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Epoch Holding Corporation and Subsidiaries as of June 30, 2005 and 2004, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2005 and for the period from April 14, 2004 (date of inception) to June 30, 2004. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Epoch Holding Corporation and Subsidiaries as of June 30, 2005 and 2004, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2005 and for the period from April 14, 2004 (date of inception) to June 30, 2004, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. /s/ CF & Co., L.L.P. CF & Co., L.L.P. Dallas, Texas September 27, 2005 EPOCH HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - JUNE 30, 2005 AND 2004 (Dollars in thousands) ASSETS 2005 2004 _______ ________ Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 8,550 $ 10,801 Short-term investments - 4,967 Accounts receivable 1,224 70 Prepaid expenses 66 76 Current assets of discontinued operations - 266 _______ ________ Total current assets 9,840 16,180 _______ ________ Investments in technology-related businesses 157 157 Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation 2,088 329 Security deposits 946 449 Non-current assets of discontinued operations - 37 _______ ________ Total assets $13,031 $ 17,152 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 2,262 $ 1,941 Federal income taxes payable - 1,373 Accrued interest payable - 110 Liabilities of discontinued operations - 657 _______ ________ Total current liabilities 2,262 4,081 _______ ________ Deferred rent 981 172 Security deposits held 211 212 Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) Stockholders' equity: Preferred stock - authorized 1,000,000 shares of $1 par value; none issued - - Common stock - authorized 60,000,000 shares of $.01 par value; 18,257,749 and 19,529,186 shares issued, respectively 182 195 Additional paid-in capital 24,404 38,696 Accumulated deficit (7,529) (992) Unearned stock compensation (7,480) (9,157) Less 0 and 1,694,449 shares of common stock in treasury, at cost - (16,055) _______ ________ Total stockholders' equity 9,577 12,687 _______ ________ Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $13,031 $ 17,152 ======= ======== See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. EPOCH HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2005 AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM APRIL 14, 2004 (DATE OF INCEPTION) TO JUNE 30, 2004 (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) April 14, 2004 to 2005 June 30, 2004 ________ _______________ Revenues, net: Investment advisory and management fees $ 4,307 $ 70 ________ ________ Operating expenses: Employee related costs (excluding stock based compensation) 6,260 135 Professional fees and services 1,022 85 General and administrative (includes $187 and $0 rent to a related party) 1,873 151 Stock-based compensation 3,427 771 ________ ________ Total operating expenses 12,582 1,142 ________ ________ Operating loss from continuing operations (8,275) (1,072) ________ ________ Other income (expense): Interest and other income 808 69 Gain from collection of notes and other settlements 359 - Interest expense - (10) ________ ________ Total other income 1,167 59 ________ ________ Loss from continuing operations before income tax (7,108) (1,013) ________ ________ Provision (benefit) for income taxes - - ________ ________ Loss from continuing operations, net of tax (7,108) (1,013) ________ ________ Gain from discontinued operations, (including gain on disposal in FY 2005 of $572, net of $0 taxes) 571 21 ________ ________ Net loss $ (6,537) $ (992) ======== ======== Basic and diluted loss per share Loss from continuing operations $ (.39) $ (.15) Income from discontinued operations .03 - ________ ________ Basic and diluted loss per share $ (.36) $ (.15) ======== ======== See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. EPOCH HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY FOR THE PERIOD FROM APRIL 14, 2004 (DATE OF INCEPTION) TO JUNE 30, 2004 AND YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2005 (Dollars and shares in thousands) Common Stock Additional Unearned Retained Treasury Stock _____________ Paid-In Stock Earnings ______________ Shares Amount Capital Compensation (Deficit) Shares Amount Total ______ ______ __________ ____________ ________ ______ ________ ________ Issuance of common shares at formation of Epoch on April 14, 2004 1 $ - $ 100 $ - $ - - $ - $ 100 Exchange of outstanding Epoch common shares for 9,096 common shares of J Net 9,095 91 (91) - Recapitalization to reflect reverse merger 10,233 102 28,761 (1,694) (16,055) 12,808 Stock-based compensation 9,628 (9,628) - Issuance of restricted common stock 200 2 298 300 Amortization of stock- based compensation 471 471 Net loss (992) (992) ______ ______ _______ _______ _______ ______ ________ _______ Balance June 30, 2004 19,529 195 38,696 (9,157) (992) (1,694) (16,055) 12,687 Issuance of restricted stock 423 4 1,746 (1,587) 163 Amortization of stock- based compensation 3,264 3,264 Recapitalization to State of Delaware from State of Nevada: Retirement of treasury stock (1,694) (17) (16,038) 1,694 16,055 - Retirement of outstanding J Net stock (17,905) (179) (179) Reissuance of Epoch Holding Corporation shares 17,905 179 179 Net loss (6,537) (6,537) ______ ______ ________ _______ _______ ______ ________ ________ Balance June 30, 2005 18,258 $ 182 $ 24,404 $(7,480) $(7,529) - $ - $ 9,577 ====== ====== ======== ======= ======= ====== ======== ======== See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
EPOCH HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2005 AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM APRIL 14, 2004 (DATE OF INCEPTION) TO JUNE 30, 2004 (Dollars in thousands) April 14, 2004 to 2005 June 30, 2004 _______ _______________ Operating activities: Net loss $(6,537) $ (992) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: Stock-based compensation 3,427 771 Gain on sale of discontinued operations (571) (21) Gain from collection of notes (334) - Depreciation 202 9 Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable (1,154) (70) Short-term investments - (13) Federal income taxes payable (1,373) - Prepaid expenses and other current assets 10 (74) Other non-current assets - (5) Accounts payable and other current liabilities 211 163 Deferred rent 194 (2) Other, net (4) - _______ _______ Net cash used in continuing operations (5,929) (234) Net cash used in discontinued operations 20 (13) _______ _______ Net cash used in operating activities (5,909) (247) _______ _______ Investing activities: Acquisition of J Net - 11,291 Purchase of property and equipment (1,961) (338) Collection of notes receivable 534 - Redemption of short-term investments 4,967 - Security deposits paid (497) - Landlord contributions to leasehold improvements 615 - _______ _______ Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities - continuing operations 3,658 10,953 Net cash used in discontinued operations - (5) _______ _______ Net cash provided by investing activities 3,658 10,948 Financing activities: Issuance of common stock - 100 Proceeds from note to related party - 100 Repayment of note to related party - (100) _______ _______ Net cash provided by financing activities - 100 _______ _______ Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (2,251) 10,801 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 10,801 - _______ _______ Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 8,550 $10,801 ======= ======= Supplemental disclosures of cash flow data: Cash paid during the year for: Interest paid $ 110 $ - Federal income taxes $ 1,373 $ - Non-cash investing and financing activities: Issuance of common stock to Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. stockholders for non-cash assets $ - $ 1,517 Accrued acquisition, formation and discontinued operations costs $ - $ 539 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. EPOCH HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies and Business Business: Epoch Holding Corporation ("Epoch" or the "Company") is a holding company whose primary line of business is investment management and investment advisory services. The operations of the Company are conducted through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Epoch Investment Partners ("EIP"). EIP is a registered investment advisor under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Investment Advisors Act"). EIP's primary operations are to provide investment advisory and investment management services to retirement plans, mutual funds, endowments, foundations and high net worth individuals. Principles of consolidation and basis of presentation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. The Company's fiscal year ends on June 30. Unless specifically stated otherwise, references to FY 2005 refer to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2005. All references to FY 2004 refer to the period from April 14, 2004 (date of inception) through June 30, 2004. Company Structure and Discontinued Operations Operations commenced under the existing structure on June 2, 2004 when J Net Enterprises, Inc. ("J Net"), the predecessor to Epoch, merged with EIP in a business combination which resulted in the former EIP stockholders owning 51% of the issued and outstanding equity securities of J Net immediately following the transaction. As a result of the majority of ownership interest in the Company being held by the former EIP stockholders, the business combination was accounted for a reverse merger. Under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, the legally acquired company (in this case, EIP), became the surviving entity for financial reporting purposes. EIP was formed on April 14, 2004 and did not have a predecessor business. Due to the reverse merger treatment, the consolidated operations for FY 2004 reflect those of EIP from April 14, 2004 through June 30, 2004 and J Net from June 2, 2004 (the date of the reverse merger) to June 30, 2004. The FY 2005 consolidated operations represent the first complete year of operations for the Company. Prior to the June 2, 2004 business combination, J Net conducted operations in the Internet-based e-commerce industry. Immediately following the closing of the transaction with EIP, Management initiated a formal plan to dispose of the internet-based business and shift its business focus and capital resources to the operations of EIP. In September 2004, the internet-based operations were sold to the management of that business segment. The results of operations for that business segment have been reported as discontinued operations. Business segments: The Company's sole line of business is the investment advisory and investment management business. Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash equivalents: Cash equivalents are liquid investments comprised primarily of debt instruments and money market accounts with maturities of three months or less when acquired. Cash equivalents are stated at cost which approximates fair value due to their short maturity. Short-term investments: The Company owned short-term investments in Mariner Partners, L.P. ("Mariner"), a private investment fund. The Company classified those securities as short-term investments and recorded changes in the value of the accounts in the item captioned interest and other income in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. In July 2004, the Company began liquidating its short-term investments in Mariner. The account was fully liquidated by September 2004. The Company has not held a position with Mariner or any other short-term investments since that date. Fair value of financial instruments: The carrying value of certain of the Company's financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximates fair value due to their short maturities. Financial instruments with concentration of credit risk: The financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. Epoch invests its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions in amounts which, at times, may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limits. Cash is also invested in several high-grade securities which limits exposure to concentrations of credit risk. Revenue recognition: Investment advisory and management fees are generally recognized as services are provided pursuant to specific terms contained in advisory or sub-advisory contracts between EIP and its clients. Such contracts generally call for revenue to be determined as a percentage of assets under management ("AUM"). Generally, fees are billed on a quarterly basis, in arrears. Advance payments, if received, are deferred and recognized during the periods for which services are provided. The Company performs services for mutual funds under advisory and sub- advisory contracts. Fees for these contracts are calculated based upon the daily net assets of the respective fund. Generally, advisory payments from the mutual funds are received monthly, while sub-advisory payments are received quarterly. The Company also has certain contracts which contain "incentive clauses" which allow the Company to collect additional fees in the event that investment returns exceed stated amounts in the contracts. Revenues for these incentives are recognized only when such performance targets are exceeded at the end of the contracts' year, typically at the end of each calendar year. No revenues are recognized until the contract year-ends, even when investment returns are exceeding the contractual targets within the contract year, due to the inability to forecast financial markets. Investments in Technology-Related Businesses: The Company holds minority investments in privately held, nonpublic technology-related companies. Ownership in these companies ranges from less than 1% to 14%. The Company uses the cost method to account for these investments. As of June 30, 2005, the Company held investments in four private companies which continued to conduct business operations; Tellme Networks, Inc., Estara, Inc., Strategic Data Corporation and a privately held fund other than technology-related companies. Only one such investment, Tellme Networks, Inc., continued to have any value ascribed. There are no plans to make additional investments in technology-related businesses. It is the policy of the Company to evaluate its investments in technology- related businesses for possible impairment on a quarterly basis. Management uses a number of different criteria when evaluating an asset for possible impairment. Indicators such as significant decreases in market value of an investment, discounted cash flow analyses, adverse changes in the business climate, legal matters, losses of significant customers, new technologies which could accelerate obsolescence of business products, sustained operating losses, and cash flows which cannot be resolved or improved within a reasonable amount of time to justify continued business operations are used by Management when making its evaluations. Due to the application of reverse merger accounting for the business combination, the assets and liabilities of J Net had to be adjusted to their fair market value. As depicted below in Note 2 - Business Combination, the Company's technology-related investment in Tellme Networks, Inc. ("Tellme") was decreased from $2 million to $157 thousand. This reduction was due solely to the purchase accounting which required a write down of non-current assets stemming from negative goodwill in the J Net acquisition. Stock-based compensation: The Company applies Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25") and the pro forma disclosures required in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS 123") to account for employee and qualifying director stock-based compensation using the fair market value method. The Company also follows the provisions contained within the Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation 44 ("FIN 44"), which provides clarification on the application of APB 25. Stock-based compensation costs related to equity instruments are charged against income ratably over the fixed vesting period of the related equity instruments, with the initial charge generally recorded in the first full month following the grant. There were no stock options issued during FY 2005 and FY 2004. All stock options previously granted under a stock option plan, which expired on September 30, 2002, were fully vested prior to FY 2004. Therefore, there are no proforma disclosures under SFAS 123 because there is no difference between the net losses for FY 2005 and FY 2004, as reported, and the potential effects of any stock-based compensation using SFAS 123. Additionally, there is no difference between APB 25 and SFAS 123 in compensation costs recognized for restricted stock awards and restricted stock issued in the business combination described in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Property and equipment: Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or lease term, as applicable. Property and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. Generally, the useful lives are 3 to 10 years for leasehold improvements and 3 to 7 years for equipment, and exclude option periods, if any. Property sold or retired is eliminated from the accounts in the period of disposition. Software used to conduct the investment advisory and investment management services is amortized using a three-year estimated useful life. The Company entered into a ten year office space lease on September 15, 2004 and relocated its operation to that location in February 2005. Leasehold improvements at that location are being amortized over the remaining term of the lease. As of June 30, 2005, property and equipment consisted of the following elements (dollars in thousands): Accumulated Depreciation and Net Book Cost Amortization Value ______ ____________ ________ Trading software $ 162 $ (75) $ 87 Other software 36 (7) 29 Leasehold improvements 1,579 (66) 1,513 Equipment 522 (63) 459 ______ _____ ______ Total $2,299 $(211) $2,088 ====== ===== ====== Income taxes: The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes" ("SFAS 109"). SFAS 109 requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities arising from temporary differences between book and tax basis will be recognized using enacted rates at the time such temporary differences reverse. In the case of deferred tax assets, SFAS 109 requires a reduction in deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period financial statements to conform them to the current period presentation. Recently issued accounting standards: On December 16, 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (Revised 2004), "Share-Based Payment" ("SFAS 123R"). SFAS 123R requires companies to expense share-based payments, including stock options, as compensation. The Company will adopt SFAS 123R in the quarter beginning July 1, 2005. Presently, the Company's restricted stock awards fall under the scope of SFAS 123R, and the current accounting treatment for those awards is consistent with SFAS 123R. Note 2 - Business Combination On June 2, 2004, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement"), J Net issued 9,095,716 shares of its Common Stock to acquire EIP. After issuance of the shares, the former EIP stockholders owned 51% of the issued and outstanding stock of the Company. The common shares issued consisted of 6,426,153 shares of initial stock consideration (the "Initial Shares") and 2,669,563 shares of escrow stock consideration (the "Escrow Consideration"). The Initial Shares were issued to reflect value to a sub-advisory contract assigned to EIP with AUM of $647 million on the date of the business combination. The Escrow Consideration was contingent on EIP increasing the AUM from $647 million to $779 million within 120 days from the date of the Merger Agreement. On June 18, 2004, AUM surpassed this threshold and the Escrow Consideration was deemed to have been earned. Additional shares may also be issued to the former EIP stockholders in the future (the "Contingent Shares") if J Net incurs obligations in excess of $2 million relating to taxes prior to the Merger Agreement. Issuance of the contingent shares could further dilute the holders of J Net stock prior to the merger. As of June 30, 2005, there were no contingent shares issued, or contemplated to be issued. The Company, EIP shareholders and certain trusts formed by them ("Family Affiliates"), David R. Markin, an independent director and Allan R. Tessler, the Chairman of the Board of Directors and former Chief Executive Officer of the Company, entered into a Stockholders Agreement (the "Stockholders Agreement"). The Stockholders Agreement governs vesting, transfers and voting of the shares of the Company's Common Stock received by the EIP stockholders and Family Affiliates. Complete details of the Merger Agreement and other documents are incorporated by reference to the June 3, 2004 Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company, as amended. Vesting terms contained within the Stockholders Agreement apply to EIP stockholders who became employees ("Employee Owners"). Employee Owners were 12.5% immediately vested at the time the shares were issued. A total of 25% of the shares are vested as of June 30, 2005, a total of 50% will be vested in June 2006 and the full 100% will be vested in June 2007. If an Employee Owner is terminated within this three-year period, the unvested shares are subject to purchase by the Company at a price of $.01 per share. The voting provisions contained within the Stockholders Agreement call for: (1) The Board of Directors to have seven members. (2) Four of the directors to be designated by William W. Priest, a co-founder of EIP and the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. (3) Three directors of the prior J Net Board to continue their services as members of the Board. (4) Amendment to the By-Laws of the Company to provide that decisions of the Board of Directors must be made by a two-third majority for (i)compensation of Mr. Priest, (ii) issuance of additional shares to Employee Owners, and (iii) any amendments to the Stockholders Agreement. The issuance of the restricted shares to the Employee Owners created non- cash compensation for a portion of the Initial Shares and Escrow Consideration issued. A total of 5,763,251 of the 9,095,716 shares issued for the EIP acquisition were compensatory shares issued to the Employee Owners. 5,531,332 of the compensatory shares are subject to a three-year vesting period, which requires continued employment with the Company. In June 2005, a total of 790,190 of those shares vested pursuant to terms contained in the June 2, 2004 Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement"). Assuming the Employee Owners remain employees of the Company, 1,580,381 shares will vest in June 2006 and the remaining 3,160,761 shares will vest in June 2007. A total of 1,623,428 of the 5,531,332 shares subject to the aforementioned vesting were attributable to an escrow provision as defined in the Merger Agreement. These shares were not deemed to be earned until June 18, 2004, the date on which AUM surpassed the targets established in the Merger Agreement. As a result, the value of these shares is based on a share price of $2.03, the closing price of the Company's Common Stock on June 18, 2004. The other 3,907,904 shares were valued on June 2, 2004 at $1.50 per share, the effective date of the business combination. Total stock compensation expense, as it relates to the Employee Owners was $.5 million in FY 2004 and $3.1 million in FY 2005. Assuming the remaining shares vest as contemplated, additional stock compensation of $3.1 million per year will occur in FY 2006 and FY 2007. Due to the majority ownership of the issued and outstanding Common Stock and the majority board representation, the transaction for the J Net and EIP business combination was accounted for as a reverse merger. Therefore, EIP was treated as the acquiring company for financial reporting purposes. Because J Net was treated as the company being acquired, adjustments to the fair value of J Net's assets and liabilities were required. A condensed balance sheet of J Net as of June 1, 2004, immediately prior to the acquisition follows (dollars and shares in thousands): Assets ______ Cash and short-term investments $16,518 Other current assets 454 _______ Total current assets 16,972 Investments in technology-related businesses 2,000 Property, equipment and other non-current assets 745 _______ Total assets $19,717 ======= Liabilities and stockholders' equity ____________________________________ Current liabilities $ 5,217 Non-current liabilities 386 _______ Total liabilities 5,603 Stockholders' equity 14,114 _______ Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $19,717 ======= A schedule of the purchase costs and fair value adjustments to the June 1, 2004 balance sheet of J Net were as follows: Fair market value of J Net on June 2, 2004 (8,539 shares at $1.50 per share) $ 12,808 Cost of acquisition 917 ________ Total purchase cost 13,725 Net tangible assets as of June 1, 2004 (14,114) ________ Negative goodwill (389) Fair value adjustments: Liabilities of InterWorld Corporation net of estimated disposal costs of discontinued operations (1,724) (a) _________ Negative goodwill to be pushed down to non-current assets $ (2,113) ======== Non-current assets written down: Furniture, fixtures, and equipment $ 61 Deferred non-current assets 209 Cost method investments in Technology-Related Businesses 1,843 ________ $ 2,113 ======== (a) InterWorld Corporation, a 95% owned, inactive subsidiary of J Net, filed for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy in May 2004. On September 14, 2004, a "no asset" report for InterWorld was filed on the Company's behalf. Due to the bankruptcy filing, the liabilities of InterWorld, which were fully discharged on August 7, 2005 in the bankruptcy process, were eliminated. Pro forma information (unaudited) Set forth in the following table is certain unaudited pro forma financial information for the twelve months ended June 30, 2004. This information has been prepared assuming that J Net's reverse acquisition with EIP occurred on July 1, 2003. Due to EIP's limited operating history, the twelve-month statement of operations for June 2004 includes the separate historical statements of operations of J Net for the twelve months ended June 30, 2004 and the April 14, 2004 through June 30, 2004 operations of EIP. Basic and diluted earnings per share calculations are based on issued and outstanding shares of 17,834,737 shares. The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 1,405,000 issued and outstanding options as their effect was antidilutive. There were no dilutive options. Results for FY 2005 contain twelve months of actual results. Thus, they are not presented in any pro forma sections of this annual report. Twelve months ended June 30, 2004 _________________________________ (dollars in thousands) Revenues, net $ 70 Operating expenses (2,115) Stock compensation (771) ________ Loss from operations (2,816) Other income 1,135 ________ Loss from operations before income taxes (1,681) Income tax benefit 5,537 ________ Net income $ 3,856 ======== Basic and diluted earnings per share $ .22 ======== Note 3 - Accounts receivable The Company's trade accounts receivable balances do not include an allowance for doubtful accounts and there have been no bad debt expenses recognized during FY 2005 and FY 2004. These receivables are advisory and sub-advisory service fees, and Management believes they are fully collectible. Note 4 - Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following (dollars in thousands): June 30, 2005 June 30, 2004 _____________ _____________ Trade accounts payable $ 980 $1,094 Accrued professional fees 38 215 Accrued employee benefits 101 93 Accrued bonuses 1,095 519 Other 48 20 ______ ______ Total $2,262 $1,941 ====== ====== Note 5 - Earnings (loss) Per Share Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. The calculation of earnings (loss) per share excluded 1,267,500 and 1,405,000 issued and outstanding stock options, at June 30, 2005 and 2004 respectively, as their effect was antidilutive. While there were 137,500 options deemed to be "in the money" at June 30, 2005, the effect of their exercise would still be considered antidilutive as the Company was in a net loss position. The following is the amount of loss and number of shares used in the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share computations at June 30, 2005 and 2004 (dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data): FY 2005 FY 2004 _______ _______ Loss from continuing operations $(7,108) $(1,013) ======= ======= Income from discontinued operations $ 571 $ 21 ======= ======= Shares: Weighted average number of common shares outstanding 18,025 6,718(a) ======= ======= Basic and diluted loss per share from continuing operations $ (.39) $ (.15) ======= ======= Basic and diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations $ .03 $ - ======= ======= (a) 2004 weighted average shares outstanding are based on 1,000 shares from April 14, 2004 through June 1, 2004, representing issued and outstanding shares of Epoch up to the date of the merger. Beginning June 2, 2004, issued and outstanding shares were 17,834,737. Note 6 - Stockholders' Equity, Stock Options and Defined Contribution Plan 2004 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan: At the annual meeting of shareholders on November 18, 2004, stockholders approved the 2004 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the "2004 Plan"). The 2004 Plan allows the Company to issue 3,000,000 shares of options, restricted stock awards or other equity-based compensation. During fiscal year 2005, 294,796 shares of restricted stock were issued to employees of the Company under the Company's 2004 Plan at a weighted average price of $4.41 per share. Subsequent to June 30, 2005, the Company granted 471,792 shares of restricted stock to employees and Employee Owners at a weighted average price of $4.73 per share In addition, non-employee directors of the Company receive Common Stock equal to $50,000 per year for their services. Two such awards were made to directors in FY 2005, one for FY 2005 services and one in advance of FY 2006 services. Total shares issued to directors for the two years of services were 128,316 at a weighted average price per share of $3.51 per share. Vesting terms for the restricted stock issued to employees are identical to the three year vesting terms for the former EIP stockholders. Directors' restricted shares vest one-third per year over a three year period from the date of issuance. Rights plan: In June 1994, the Board of Directors approved a Stockholder Rights Plan. On July 11, 1994, J Net declared a dividend distribution of one Preferred Stock purchase right (the "Rights") payable on each outstanding share of the Company's Common Stock, as of July 15, 1994. The Rights became exercisable only in the event, with certain exceptions, an acquiring party accumulated 15% or more of the Company's voting stock, or if a party announced an offer to acquire 30% or more of the Company's voting stock. Each Right entitled the holder to purchase one-hundredth of a share of a Series A Junior Preferred Stock at a price of $30. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain events, holders of the Rights were entitled to purchase either Preferred Stock or shares in an "acquiring entity" at half of market value. The June 2, 2004 business combination with EIP did not create an event contemplated by the Rights Plan. The Rights expired, according to their terms, on July 15, 2004. Expired stock option plans: On January 12, 1993, J Net's stockholders approved the 1992 Incentive and Non-qualified Stock Option Plan (the "1992 Plan"). On August 17, 1994, the Board adopted certain amendments (the "Amendments") to the 1992 Plan which were approved by J Net's stockholders on January 10, 1995. The Amendments increased the number of shares of J Net's Common Stock authorized for issuance pursuant to the 1992 Plan from 1,045,000 to 2,545,000. The 1992 Plan terminated in accordance with its terms on September 30, 2002. Options outstanding at the termination date totaled 877,500 and will remain outstanding until they are exercised or expire. As of June 30, 2005, options outstanding under the 1992 Plan were 657,500. Upon consummation of the business combination with EIP, two of J Net's directors resigned from the Board. Options accumulated to those Board members totaled 165,000. The expiration dates of those options range from June 30, 2004 through June 30, 2006. Although the 1992 Plan has expired, the issued and outstanding options remain in force until they are exercised, canceled or expire. Options outstanding under the 1992 stock option plan are summarized below (shares in thousands): FY 2005 FY 2004 ______________________ ___________________ Weighted Weighted Average Average Exercise Exercise Shares Price Shares Price ______ ________ ______ ________ Fixed options: Outstanding at beginning of period 795 $9.05 878 $9.02 Granted - - - - Exercised - - - - Cancelled (137) 9.73 (83) 8.75 ____ _____ ___ _____ Outstanding at end of year 658 $8.91 795 $9.05 ==== ===== === ===== Options exercisable at end of year 658 $8.91 795 $9.05 ==== ===== === ===== The following table summarizes information about the 1992 Plan stock options outstanding at June 30, 2005: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable _________________________________________ ________________________________ Weighted Weighted Range of Remaining Average Average Exercise Number Contractual Exercise Number Exercise Prices Outstanding Life Price Exercisable Price ________ ___________ ___________ ________ ___________ ________ $ 4.00 138 1.00 years $ 4.00 138 $ 4.00 $ 9.50 10 5.25 years $ 9.50 10 $ 9.50 $10.13 - $10.25 490 4.64 years $10.14 490 $10.14 $12.00 - $12.44 20 5.00 years $12.22 20 $12.22 Other nonqualified stock options: On September 14, 1999, nonqualified stock options to purchase an aggregate of 140,000 shares of Common Stock were granted to the Company's Board of Directors and a non-employee serving as the Company's Secretary at an exercise price of $9.00 per share, the fair market value on the date of grant. The options vested 50% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the date of grant and expire ten years from the date of grant. On October 31, 2001, 30,000 options were cancelled as a result of a director's resignation. On June 21, 2000, nonqualified stock options to purchase an aggregate of 500,000 shares of Common Stock were granted to the former President and Chief Operating Officer and the former Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at an exercise price of $13.13 per share, the fair market value on the date of the grant. The options vested in thirds on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant and expire ten years from the date of the grant. As of June 30, 2003, all the options were exercisable. On June 21, 2003, the former President and Chief Operating Officer and the former Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer's employment contracts expired and were not renewed. The expiration of those contracts did not affect the expiration of the options, which will occur on June 21, 2010. There were no nonqualified options granted during FY 2004 and FY 2005. Changes in nonqualified options outstanding are summarized below (shares in thousands): FY 2005 FY 2004 __________________ _____________________ Weighted Weighted Average Average Exercise Exercise Shares Price Shares Price ______ _________ ______ _________ Fixed options: Outstanding at beginning of period 610 $12.38 610 $12.38 Granted - - - - Exercised - - - - Cancelled - - - - ___ ______ ___ ______ Outstanding at end of year 610 $12.38 610 $12.38 === ====== === ====== Options exercisable at end of year 610 $12.38 610 $12.38 === ====== === ====== The following table summarizes information about nonqualified stock options outstanding at June 30, 2005 (shares in thousands): Options Outstanding Options Exercisable _________________________________________ ________________________________ Weighted Weighted Range of Remaining Average Average Exercise Number Contractual Exercise Number Exercise Prices Outstanding Life Price Exercisable Price ________ ___________ ___________ ________ ___________ ________ $9.00 110 4.21 years $ 9.00 110 $ 9.00 $13.13 500 4.98 years $13.13 500 $13.13 Defined contribution plan: Epoch has a defined contribution plan which qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Epoch's participants may contribute up to 60% of their gross wages, subject to annual limitations set by the Internal Revenue Service regulations. Epoch does not currently contribute separately to the plan or match employee contributions. During FY 2005, the Company eliminated a 401(k) contribution plan that was in place prior to the business combination. All participants in that former plan have been transitioned to the surviving plan. Note 7 - Related Party Transactions The Company incurred rent and other related occupancy expenses to Berenson & Company of approximately $187 thousand for the period beginning July 1, 2004 through February 15, 2005. The Chief Executive Officer of Berenson & Company is a Director and stockholder of the Company. Epoch entered into a long-term lease on September 15, 2004 with an unrelated party and relocated its offices on February 14, 2005. There have been no related party transactions with Berenson & Company since such date. On May 24, 2004, the Company's Chief Executive Officer, William W. Priest, loaned $100 thousand to EIP in the form of a promissory note. Terms of the promissory note called for interest of 4%, compounded quarterly. On June 16, 2004, the promissory note, together with accrued interest, was paid in full. Note 8 - Federal Income Tax The Company completed a reverse merger business combination with EIP on June 2, 2004. As a result, the ability to utilize certain net operating loss carryfowards ("NOL's") became limited as a result of a greater than 50% change in ownership. These limitations are covered by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC"). Section 382 limits the annual utilization of NOL's accumulated prior to the ownership change to a percentage of the acquired entity's fair value at the time of the change in ownership. As a result, the Company's ability to utilize accumulated NOL's to their full extent prior to their expiration cannot be reasonably assured. Until profitability can be achieved, and utilization of NOL's can be more definitive, the Company has provided a full valuation allowance on its accumulated NOL's and temporary differences. The Company currently is under audit by the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") with respect to its fiscal years ended June 30, 2001 and June 30, 2002 (the "audit period"). In July 2004, the Company paid $1.5 million for tax items associated with the IRS audit. In January 2005, the Company received an additional inquiry from the IRS related to calculations of alternative minimum taxes for the audit period. In May 2005, the Company met with the IRS and presented pertinent data and other factual information which demonstrated that no additional taxes were due. In August 2005, the Company received notice indicating the IRS submitted a special report to the congressional Joint Committee on Taxation (the "Joint Committee"), outlining the findings of the audit, and concurring with the Company's position. In September 2005, the Company received notice from the IRS that the Joint Committee had completed its consideration of the IRS' report, and had taken no exception to the conclusions reached by the IRS. The Company is expecting a refund of income taxes of approximately $200 thousand, which will be reduced by assessable "restricted interest" on the potential tax deficiency prior to the application of NOL 's carried back. No refund or assessable interest amounts have been accrued at June 30, 2005 because the Company has not received a final accounting from the IRS. The components of Federal income tax expense (benefit) are as follows (dollars in thousands): Period of April 14, 2004 FY 2005 to June 30, 2004 _______ ________________________ Federal: Current benefit $ (292) $(173) Deferred expense 292 173 Adjustments resulting from IRS audit 6,998 - Benefit of NOL's offsetting IRS audit adjustments (4,438) - Benefit of capital losses offsetting IRS audit adjustments (2,560) - Federal income tax expense on loss from continuing operations - - Federal income tax expense of discontinued operations - - _______ _____ Total Federal income tax expense (benefit) $ - $ - ======= ===== A reconciliation of the Federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate based on loss from continuing operations before income tax follows: Period of April 14, 2004 FY 2005 to June 30, 2004 _______ ________________________ Statutory rate (35.0)% (35.0)% Increase (decrease) in tax resulting from: Surtax exemption 1.0% 1.0% Valuation allowance (97.0)% 17.4% Stock compensation 15.9% 16.1% IRS audit adjustments 111.6% -% Other 3.5% .5% _____ ____ Effective rate -% -% ===== ==== The tax items comprising the Company's net deferred tax asset (liability) follows (dollars in thousands): FY 2005 FY 2004 ________ ________ Equity method losses and impairments $ 8,548 $ 8,548 Net operating losses 3,996 8,434 Capital loss carryforwards - 2,560 Leasehold improvement impairments 692 692 Depreciation (356) (310) Straight-line lease adjustment 334 58 Accruals and other 10 19 Accrued bonuses 372 - Stock compensation 72 - ________ ________ Total 13,668 20,001 Less valuation allowance (13,668) (20,001) ________ ________ Net deferred tax asset $ - $ - ======== ======== The Company's net operating losses can be carried forward pursuant to Federal tax regulations. Accumulated capital losses and NOL's from June 30, 2004 were eliminated and substantially reduced, respectively, as a result of adjustments related to fiscal years 2001 and 2002 with the IRS. The accumulated $11.8 million of NOL's expire between 2022 and 2024. Approximately $10.8 million of such NOL's can only be utilized against taxable income at a rate of approximately $600 thousand per year due to limitations imposed by Section 382 of the IRC. Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies Employment agreements: There are no employment agreements with officers of the Company. There are agreements, subject to the attainment of certain performance criteria or, in certain cases, continuation or termination of employment, to pay bonuses or severance payments. Such obligations, under the various agreements, total approximately $2.7 million. Approximately $.6 million of the Company's bonus obligation represents restricted stock awards to be issued in FY 2006. The Company is obligated to enter into an agreement with its Chief Executive Officer, William W. Priest, prior to the third anniversary of the business combination with EIP. Terms of the contract are to be customary for Chief Executive Officers of peer group companies. Legal matters: From time to time, the Company or its subsidiaries may become parties to claims, legal actions and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business. Management is not aware of any claims which would have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position. Leases: The Company's headquarters and primary business operations are located in New York, New York. The Company leases 10,243 square feet of office space under a long-term lease that expires in September 2015. In addition, EIP maintains a small office in Sherman Oaks, CA on an annual lease. Certain administrative support and corporate affairs are conducted in offices in Dallas, Texas on a six-month lease which expires in February 2006. The Company is also the primary party to a lease in New York, New York with approximately 8,500 square feet, which expires in December 2010. In January 2002, a sublease agreement was executed with an unrelated third party. While the Company remains responsible under terms of the original lease, the subtenant has assumed those responsibilities and is performing its obligations under the sublease agreement. Proceeds from the sublease, net of profit sharing with the landlord, more than offset the Company's obligations under this lease. Total rent expenses for the Company's continuing operations were $975 thousand and $50 thousand in FY 2005 and FY 2004, respectively. Rent receipts under the sublease in FY 2005, net of profit sharing expenses with the primary landlord were $560 thousand in FY 2005 and $45 thousand in FY 2004. Rental expenses for the discontinued operations in FY 2005 were $26 thousand. The following table outlines the lease obligations of the Company (dollars in thousands): Fiscal Years Ended June 30, ____________________________________ Net Operating Year Gross Sublease Expense (Income) ______ ________ _______________ 2006 $1,031 $ (548) $ 483 2007 1,163 (560) 603 2008 1,163 (574) 589 2009 1,163 (574) 589 2010 1,157 (574) 583 2011 and thereafter 3,911 (191) 3,720 ______ _______ ______ Total minimum lease payments (receipts) $9,588 $(3,021) $6,567 ====== ======= ====== Significant customers and contracts: During FY 2005, two customers accounted for 43% of consolidated revenues. CI Mutual Funds Inc. of Canada ("CI") accounted for approximately 36% of FY 2005 revenues while the Epoch International Small Cap Fund ("EPIEX") a publicly traded mutual fund for which the Company acts as the advisor, accounted for approximately 7% of FY 2005 revenues. For the most recent quarter CI and EPIEX accounted for 32% and 14% of consolidated revenue, respectively. The Company's services and relationship with these clients is important to the ongoing growth strategy and retention of these customers is critical to the ongoing results of operations and liquidity of the Company. Note 10 - Discontinued operations: In September 2004, the Company completed the sale of its e-commerce software operations to the former management of that segment. Consideration to the Company came in the form of a 19.9% membership interest in the buyer's entity, the assumption by the buyer of liabilities of $466 thousand, and the issuance of a $534 thousand secured promissory note (the "Note") to the Company. The Note was due 5 years from the date of issuance, bore interest at 6.5% per annum and was secured by all of the assets that were purchased in the transaction. Payments of principal on the Note were to be made at a rate of 50% of the annual cash flows from operations, as defined in the agreement, in excess of $300 thousand. The Company recorded the Note at its estimated fair value of approximately $200 thousand. Factors affecting the estimate were the non-marketable status of the Note and certain risks in reaching cash flow targets for payment. On May 16, 2005 the Company collected the full $534 thousand. The receipt fully discharged the Note and required the Company to record a fourth quarter gain of $334 thousand. Significant accounting policies - discontinued operations: Revenue recognition: The Company follows AICPA Statement of Position 97-2, "Software Revenue Recognition" ("SOP 97-2"), as amended by SOP 98-4, further amended by SOP 98-9, and Staff Accounting Bulletin 101. These pronouncements provide guidance on when revenue should be recognized and in what amounts as well as what portion of licensing transactions should be deferred. Revenue under multiple element arrangements is allocated to each element using the "residual method", in accordance with SOP No. 98-9. Under the residual method, the arrangement fee is recognized as follows: (a) the total fair value of the undelivered elements, as indicated by vendor- specific objective evidence, is deferred and (b) the difference between the total arrangement fee and the amount deferred for the undelivered elements is recognized as revenue related to the delivered elements. Software license agreements generally include two elements: the software license and post-contract customer support. The Company has established sufficient vendor-specific objective evidence for the value of maintenance and post- contract customer support services based on the price when these elements are sold separately and/or when stated renewal rates for maintenance and post-contract customer support services are included in the agreement, and the actual renewal rate achieved. Product licenses: Revenue from the licensing of software products is recognized upon shipment to the customer, pursuant to an executed software licensing agreement when no significant vendor obligations exist and collection is probable. If acceptance by the customer is required, revenue is recognized upon customer acceptance. Amounts received from customers in advance of product shipment or customer acceptance are classified as deposits from customers. Other licensing arrangements such as reseller agreements, typically provide for license fees payable to the Company based on a percentage of the list price for the software products. The license revenues are generally recognized when shipment by the reseller occurs, or when collection is probable. Contracts for product licenses where professional services require significant production, modification or customization are recognized on a percentage of completion basis. Services revenue: Revenue from professional services, such as custom development and installation and integration support is recognized as the services are rendered and requirements contained within the contracts are satisfied. Maintenance revenue: Revenue from maintenance and post-contract customer support services, such as telephone support and product enhancements is recognized ratably over the period of the agreement under which the services are provided, typically one year. Recognition of revenue is deferred until payments from customers are received for maintenance and support. Deferred revenue consists principally of billings in advance for services and support not yet provided and uncollected billings to customers for maintenance and post contract support. Selected financial data - discontinued operations Following are the summary operating results of the discontinued operations for FY 2005 and FY 2004, which represent the fiscal 2005 period of July 1, 2004 through the date of sale, September 9, 2004, and the fiscal 2004 period of June 2, 2004 through June 30, 2004 as a result of the reverse merger transaction with Epoch (dollars in thousands): FY 2005 FY 2004 _______ _______ (July 1, 2004 - (June 2, 2004 - September 9, 2004) June 30, 2004) __________________ _______________ Revenues $ 293 $ 198 Costs and expenses (294) (177) _____ _____ Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes (1) 21 Provision for income taxes - (a) - (a) _____ _____ Gain on sale of discontinued operations 572 - _____ _____ Income from discontinued operations $ 571 $ 21 ===== ===== (a) There are no income taxes due to utilization of available net operating loss carryforwards. The following are the net liabilities of discontinued operations as of June 30, 2004 (dollars in thousands): Assets ______ Cash $ 52 Other current assets 214 _____ Total current assets 266 Property and equipment, net 7 Other noncurrent assets 30 ____ Total assets $303 ==== Liabilities ___________ Trade accounts payable $219 Deferred revenue and customer deposits 438 ____ Total liabilities 657 ____ Net liabilities of discontinued operations $354 ==== EPOCH HOLDING CORPORATION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2005 AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM APRIL 14, 2004 (DATE OF INCEPTION) TO JUNE 30, 2004 (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited) First Second Third Fourth Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter _______ _______ _______ _______ Revenues $ 787 $ 1,065 $ 1,090 $ 1,365 Loss from continuing operations $(2,071) (1,442) (1,970) (1,625) Income from discontinued operations 571 - - - _______ _______ _______ _______ Net loss $(1,500) $(1,442) $(1,970) $(1,625) ======= ======= ======= ======= Basic and diluted income (loss) per share: From continuing operations $ (.12) $ (.08) $ (.11) $ (.09) From discontinued operations .03 - - - _______ _______ _______ _______ Net loss per share $ (.09) $ (.08) $ (.11) $ (.09) ======= ======= ======= ======= FOR THE PERIOD FROM APRIL 14, 2004 (DATE OF INCEPTION) TO JUNE 30, 2004 (Unaudited) Revenues $ 70 Loss from continuing operations $(1,013) Income from discontinued operations 21 _______ Net loss $ (992) ======= Basic and diluted loss per share From continuing operations $ (.15) From discontinued operations - _______ Net loss per share $ (.15) =======
EX-10 2 ex1045.txt EXHIBIT 10.45 LEASE between VORNADO 640 FIFTH AVENUE LLC, Landlord, and EPOCH INVESTMENT PARTNERS INC., Tenant. 640 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10017 as of September 24, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS Article/Section Page Article 1 DEMISE, TERM, FIXED RENT................................. 1 1.1. Demise........................................................ 1 1.2. Commencement Date............................................. 1 1.3. Rent Commencement Date........................................ 1 1.4. Fixed Rent.................................................... 2 1.5. Payments of Fixed Rent........................................ 2 1.6. Certain Definitions........................................... 2 Article 2 ESCALATION RENT.......................................... 4 2.1. Operating Expense Definitions................................. 4 2.2. Calculation of Operating Expenses............................. 6 2.3. Operating Expense Payment..................................... 8 2.4. Auditing of Operating Expense Statements..................... 10 2.5. Tax Definitions.............................................. 11 2.6. Tax Payment.................................................. 12 2.7. Tax Reduction Proceedings.................................... 14 2.8. Condominium Conversion....................................... 15 2.9. Building Additions........................................... 15 Article 3 USE..................................................... 16 3.1. Permitted Use. .............................................. 16 3.2. Limitations.................................................. 16 3.3. Rules........................................................ 17 3.4. Promotional Displays. ....................................... 17 3.5. Wireless mtemet Service. .................................... 17 Article 4 SERVICES................................................ 17 4.1. Certain Definitions.......................................... 17 4.2. Elevator Service............................................. 18 4.3. Heat, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning....................... 19 4.4. Cleaning..................................................... 20 4.5. Water. ...................................................... 21 4.6. Directory. .................................................. 21 4.7. Condenser Water. ............................................ 21 4.8. Building Security. .......................................... 22 4.9. No Other Services. .......................................... 22 4.10. Labor Harmony............................................... 22 4.11. Services Benefit Permitted Parties.......................... 22 Article 5 ELECTRICITY............................................. 22 5.1. Capacity..................................................... 22 5.2. Electricity for the Building................................. 23 5.3. Submetering.................................................. 23 5.4. Termination of Electric Service.............................. 24 Article 6 INITIAL CONDITION OF THE PREMISES....................... 25 6.1. Condition of Premises........................................ 25 Article 7 ALTERATIONS....................................................... 25 7.1. General...................................................... 25 7.2. Basic Alterations and Minor Alterations...................... 26 7.3. Approval Process............................................. 26 7.4. Performance of Alterations................................... 27 7.5. Financial Integrity.......................................... 29 7.6. Effect on Building........................................... 29 7.7. Time for Performance of Alterations.......................... 29 7.8. Removal of Alterations and Tenant's Property................. 30 7.9. Contractors and Supervision.................................. 30 7.10. Landlord's Expenses......................................... 30 7.11. Pantry...................................................... 31 7.12. Window Coverings............................................ 31 7.13. Tenant Fund................................................. 31 7.14. Air-Cooled HV AC Installations.............................. 33 7.15. Fire Alarm Points........................................... 33 Article 8 REPAIRS........................................................... 33 8.1. Landlord's Repairs........................................... 33 8.2. Tenant's Repairs............................................. 33 8.3. Certain Limitations.......................................... 34 8.4. Overtime..................................................... 34 Article 9 ACCESS; LANDLORD'S CHANGES.............................. 35 9.1. Access....................................................... 35 9.2. Landlord's Obligation to Minimize Interference............... 36 9.3. Reserved Areas............................................... 36 9.4. Ducts, Pipes and Conduits.................................... 36 9.5. Keys......................................................... 36 9.6. Landlord's Changes........................................... 36 9.7. Re-Entry Floor............................................... 37 Article 10 UNAVOIDABLE DELAYS AND INTERRUPTION OF SERVICE......... 37 10.1. Unavoidable Delays.......................................... 37 10.2. Interruption of Services.................................... 38 10.3. Rent Credit................................................. 38 Article 11 REQUIREMENTS........................................... 39 11.1. Tenant's Obligation to Comply with Requirements............. 39 11.2. Landlord's Obligation to Comply with Requirements........... 40 11.3. Tenant's Right to Contest Requirements...................... 40 11.4. Certificate of Occupancy.................................... 40 Article 12 QUIET ENJOYMENT........................................ 41 12.1. Quiet Enjoyment............................................. 41 Article 13 SUBORDINATION.......................................... 41 13.1. Subordination............................................... 41 13.2. Terms of Non disturbance Agreements......................... 42 13.3. Attornment. ................................................ 44 13.4. Amendments to this Lease.................................... 44 13.5. Tenant's Estoppel Certificate............................... 44 13.6. Landlord's Estoppel Certificate............................. 45 13.7. Rights to Cure Landlord's Default........................... 45 13.8. Zoning Lot Merger Agreement................................. 46 13.9. Tenant's Financial Statements............................... 46 Article 14 INSURANCE.............................................. 47 14.1. Tenant's Insurance.......................................... 47 14.2. Landlord's Insurance........................................ 48 14.3. Mutual Waiver of Subrogation................................ 48 14.4. Evidence of Insurance,,..................................... 49 14.5. No Concurrent Insurance..................................... 49 14.6. Tenant's Obligation to Comply with Landlord's Fire and Casualty Insurance................................................ 49 Article 15 CASUALTY............................................... 50 15.1. Notice...................................................... 50 15.2. Landlord's Restoration Obligations.......................... 50 15.3. Rent Abatement.............................................. 50 15.4. Landlord's Termination Right................................ 51 15.5. Tenant's Termination Right.................................. 51 15.6. Termination Rights at End of Term........................... 52 15.7. No Other Termination Rights................................. 53 Article 16 CONDEMNATION..... ..................................... 53 16.1. Effect of Condemnation...................................... 53 16.2. Condemnation Award.......................................... 54 16.3. Temporary Taking............................................ 54 Article 17 ASSIGNMENT AND SUBLETTING.............................. 55 17.1. General Limitations......................................... 55 17.2. Landlord's Expenses......................................... 56 17.3. Recapture Procedure......................................... 56 17.4. Certain Transfer Rights..................................... 61 17.5. Deemed Approval............................................. 64 17.6. Transfer Taxes.............................................. 64 17.7. Transfer Profit............................................. 64 17.8. Permitted Transfers......................................... 65 17.9. Special Occupants........................................... 66 17.10. Recognition Agreements..................................... 67 Article 18 DEFAULT................................................ 69 18.1. Events of Default........................................... 69 18.2. Termination................................................. 70 Article 19 TENANT'S INSOLVENCY.................................... 71 19.1. Assignments pursuant to the Bankruptcy Code................. 71 19.2. Replacement Lease........................................... 72 19.3. Insolvency Events........................................... 73 19.4. Effect of Stay.............................................. 74 19.5. Rental for Bankruptcy Purposes.............................. 74 Article 20 REMEDIES AND DAMAGES .................................. 74 20.1. Certain Remedies............................................ 74 20.2. No Redemption............................................... 75 20.3. Calculation of Damages...................................... 75 Article 21 LANDLORD'S EXPENSES AND LATE CHARGES .................. 77 21.1. Landlord's Costs After Event of Default..................... 77 21.2. Interest on Late Payments................................... 77 Article 22 SECURITY............................................... 77 22.1. Security Deposit............................................ 77 22.2. Letter of Credit............................................ 77 22.3. Landlord's Rights........................................... 78 22.4. Return of Security.......................................... 78 22.5. Transfer of Letter of Credit................................ 79 22.6. Renewal of Letter of Credit................................. 79 22.7. Reduction in Security Amount................................ 79 Article 23 END OF TERM............................................ 80 23.1. End of Term................................................. 80 23.2. Holdover.................................................... 80 Article 24 NO WAIVER.............................................. 81 24.1. No Surrender................................................ 81 24.2. No Waiver by Landlord....................................... 81 24.3. No Waiver by Tenant. ....................................... 82 Article 25 JURISDICTION........................................... 82 25.1. Governing Law............................................... 82 25.2. Submission to Jurisdiction.................................. 82 25.3. Waiver of Trial by Jury..................................... 82 Article 26 NOTICES................................................ 83 26.1. Addresses; Manner of Delivery............................... 83 Article 27 BROKERAGE ............................................. 84 27.1. Broker...................................................... 84 Article 28 INDEMNITY.............................................. 84 28.1. Tenant's Indemnification of the Landlord Indemnitees........ 84 28.2. Landlord's Indemnification of the Tenant Indemnitees........ 85 28.3. Indemnification Procedure................................... 86 Article 29 LANDLORD'S CONSENTS; ARBITRATION....................... 87 29.1. Certain Limitations......................................... 87 29.2. Expedited Arbitration...................................... 87 Article 30 ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS.................................. 89 30.1. Tenant's Property Delivered to Building Employees........... 89 30.2. Not Binding Until Execution................................. 89 30.3. No Third Party Beneficiaries. .............................. 89 30.4. Extent of Landlord's Liability.............................. 89 30.5. Survival.................................................... 89 30.6. Recording................................................... 90 30.7. Entire Agreement............................................ 90 30.8. Exhibits.................................................... 90 30.9. Gender; Plural.............................................. 90 30.10. Divisibility............................................... 90 30.11. Vault Space................................................ 90 30.12. Adjacent Excavation........................................ 90 30.13 Captions................................................... 91 30.14. Parties Bound.............................................. 91 30.15. Authority.................................................. 91 30.16. Rent Control............................................... 92 30.17. Consequential Damages...................................... 92 30.18. Industrial and Commercial Incentive Program................ 92 30.19. Tenant's Advertising....................................... 93 DEFINED TERMS Term Page Affiliate......................................................... 2 Alterations....................................................... 25 Alterations Notice................................................ 26 Amortized Transfer Expenses....................................... 57 Applicable Rate.................................................... 2 Applicable Terms.................................................. 67 Assessed Valuation................................................ 11 Average Cost per Kilowatt Hour.................................... 7 Average Cost per Peak Demand Kilowatt ............................ 7 Bank Rating....................................................... 78 Bankruptcy Code................................................... 71 Base Electrical Capacity.......................................... 23 Base Operating Expense Year ...................................... 4 Base Operating Expenses........................................... 4 Base Rate......................................................... 3 Base Tax Period................................................... 11 Base Taxes........................................................ 11 Basic Alteration.................................................. 26 Basic Sublease Provisions......................................... 63 Broker............................................................ 84 Building.......................................................... 1 Building Change................................................... 29 Building Hours.................................................... 17 Building Systems.................................................. 18 Business Days..................................................... 3 Cash Security Deposit............................................. 77 Casualty Statement................................................ 51 Claim............................................................. 86 Commencement Date................................................. l Compliance Challenge.............................................. 40 Condominium Board................. ............................... 41 Condominium Declaration........................................... 41 Consumer Price Index.............................................. 3 Control........................................................... 3 Deficiency........................................................ 76 Disbursement Request.............................................. 32 Electricity Additional Rent....................................... 23 Escalation Rent................................................... 3 Event of Default.................................................. 69 Excluded Amounts.................................................. 11 Expedited Arbitration Proceeding.................................. 88 Expiration Date................................................... l Fixed Expiration Date............................................. l Fixed Rent........................................................ 2 Governmental Authority............................................ 40 Holidays ......................................................... 3 HV AC ............................................................ 18 HV AC Systems..................................................... 18 ICIP ............................................................. 92 Indemnitee........................................................ 86 Indemnitor........................................................ 86 Initial Alterations............................................... 25 Insolvency Events................................................. 73 Landlord.......................................................... 1 Landlord Indemnitees.............................................. 85 Landlord Liability Claim.......................................... 85 Landlord's Property Policy........................................ 48 Lessor............................................................ 41 Letter of Credit.................................................. 77 Major Sublease.................................................... 68 Major Sublease Guarantor.......................................... 68 Maximum Disbursement Amount....................................... 32 Minor Alteration.................................................. 26 Minor Alterations Threshold....................................... 26 Monthly Operating Expense Payment Amount ......................... 8 Mortgage.......................................................... 41 Mortgagee......................................................... 42 Nondisturbance Agreement.......................................... 42 Occupancy Agreement............................................... 55 Operating Expense Payment......................................... 6 Operating Expense Statement....................................... 6 Operating Expense Year............................................ 6 Operating Expenses................................................ 4 Overtime Periods ................................................. 18 Permitted Party................................................... 55 Person............................................................ 3 Predecessor Tenant................................................ 72 Premises.......................................................... 1 Proposed Transfer Terms........................................... 57 Prospective Operating Expense Statement........................... 8 Real Property..................................................... l Recapture Date.................................................... 58 Recapture Procedure............................................... 56 Recapture Space................................................... 57 Recapture Sublease................................................ 58 Recapture Sublease................................................ 58 Recapture Subtenant............................................... 58 Recapture Termination............................................. 60 Recapture Termination Notice...................................... 60 Recognition Agreement............................................. 69 Recognition Effective Date........................................ 68 Rent Commencement Date.............................................................. l Rentable Area..................................................... 3 Rental............................................................ 1 Requirements...................................................... 39 Reserved Areas.................................................... 36 Rules............................................................. 17 Second Bite Date.................................................. 52 Second Bite Termination Notice.................................... 52 Second Bite Warning Notice........................................ 52 Secure Area....................................................... 36 Settlement........................................................ 87 Short-Term Sublease............................................... 58 Soft Costs........................................................ 31 Special Occupant.................................................. 66 Specialty Alterations............................................. 25 Substantial Completion............................................ 25 Successor......................................................... 42 Successor Limitation Items........................................ 43 Superior Lease.................................................... 42 Tax Payment....................................................... 12 Tax Statement..................................................... 12 Tax year.......................................................... 12 Taxes............................................................. 11 Tenant............................................................ 1 Tenant Fund....................................................... 31 Tenant Indemnitees................................................ 85 Tenant Liability Claim............................................ 84 Tenant Obligor.................................................... 73 Tenant's Liability Policy......................................... 47 Tenant's Operating Expense Share ................................. 6 Tenant's Property................................................. 26 Tenant's Property Policy.......................................... 47 Tenant's Statements............................................... 46 Tenant's Tax Share................................................ 12 Term.............................................................. 1 Transfer.......................................................... 55 Transfer Date..................................................... 57 Transfer Expenses................................................. 57 Transfer Inflow................................................... 64 Transfer Notice................................................... 56 Transfer Outflow.................................................. 64 Transfer Profit................................................... 64 Transferee........................................................ 57 Transferor........................................................ 57 Usable Area....................................................... 4 Utility Company................................................... 7 Work Access....................................................... 35 Exhibit "A" - Premises Exhibit "3.3" - Rules Exhibit "4.3" - HV AC Specifications Exhibit "4.4" - Cleaning Specifications THIS LEASE, dated as of the 24th day of September, 2004, by and between VORNADO 640 FIFTH AVENUE LLC, a New York limited liability company, having an address c/o Vornado Realty Trust, 888 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019, as landlord, and EPOCH INVESTMENT PARTNERS INC., a Delaware corporation, having an address at 667 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10021, as tenant (the Person that holds the interest of the landlord hereunder at any particular time being referred to herein as "Landlord"; subject to Section 17.1(G) hereof, the Person that holds the interest of the tenant hereunder at any particular time being referred to herein as "Tenant"). W I T N E S S E T H: WHEREAS, Landlord wishes to demise and let unto Tenant, and Tenant wishes to hire and take from Landlord, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the premises as shown as the "Office Area" and the "Floor Common Area" on Exhibit "A" attached hereto and made a part hereof on the eighteenth (18th) floor of the building that is known by the street address of 640 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10017 (such premises being referred to herein as the "Premises"; such building being referred to herein as the "Building"; the Building, together with the plot of land on which the Building is constructed, being collectively referred to herein as the "Real Property"). NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises, and other good and valuable consideration, the mutual receipt and legal sufficiency of which the parties hereto hereby acknowledge, Landlord and Tenant hereby agree as follows: Article 1 DEMISE, TERM, FIXED RENT 1.1. Demise. Subject to the terms hereof, Landlord hereby leases to Tenant and Tenant hereby hires from Landlord the Premises for the term to commence on the Commencement Date and to end on September 30, 2015 (the "Fixed Expiration Date"; the Fixed Expiration Date, or such earlier date that the term of this Lease terminates pursuant to the terms hereof or pursuant to law, being referred to herein as the "Expiration Date"; the term commencing on the Commencement Date and ending on the Expiration Date being referred to herein as the "Term"). 1.2. Commencement Date. (A) Landlord shall deliver to Tenant vacant and exclusive possession of the Premises on the date hereof (the "Commencement Date"). (B) The term "Rental" shall mean, collectively, the Fixed Rent, the Escalation Rent and the additional rent payable by Tenant to Landlord hereunder. 1.3. Rent Commencement Date. The term "Rent Commencement Date" shall mean October 1, 2005. 1.4. Fixed Rent. (A) The annual fixed rent for the Premises (the annual fixed rent payable hereunder for the Premises at any particular time being referred to herein as the "Fixed Rent") shall be: (1) Six Hundred Sixty-Five Thousand Seven Hundred Ninety-Five Dollars and No Cents ($665,795.00) ($55,482.92 per month) for the period commencing on the Rent Commencement Date and ending on the day immediately preceding the date that is five (5) years after the Rent Commencement Date; and (2) Seven Hundred Seventeen Thousand Ten Dollars and No Cents ($717,010.00) ($59,750.83 per month) for the period commencing on the date that is five (5) years after the Rent Commencement Date and ending on the Fixed Expiration Date. 1.5. Payments of Fixed Rent. (A) Tenant shall pay the Fixed Rent in lawful money of the United States of America that is legal tender in payment of all debts and dues, public and private, at the time of payment, in equal monthly installments, in advance, on the first (1st) day of each calendar month during the Term commencing on the Rent Commencement Date, at the office of Landlord or such other place as Landlord may designate from time to time on at least thirty (30) days of advance notice to Tenant, without any set-off, offset, abatement or deduction whatsoever (except to the extent otherwise expressly set forth herein). (B) Landlord shall have the right to require Tenant to pay the Fixed Rent when due by wire transfer of funds to an account designated from time to time by Landlord on at least thirty (30) days of advance notice to Tenant. (C) If the Rent Commencement Date is not the first (1st) day of a calendar month, then (x) the Fixed Rent due hereunder for the calendar month during which the Rent Commencement Date occurs shall be adjusted appropriately based on the number of days in such calendar month, and (y) Tenant shall pay to Landlord such amount (adjusted as aforesaid for such calendar month) on the Rent Commencement Date. If the Expiration Date is not the last day of a calendar month, then the Fixed Rent due hereunder for the calendar month during which the Expiration Date occurs shall be adjusted appropriately based on the number of days in such calendar month. 1.6. Certain Definitions. (A) The term "Affiliate" shall mean a Person that (1) Controls, (2) is under the Control of, or (3) is under common Control with, the Person in question. (B) The term "Applicable Rate" shall mean, at any particular time, the lesser of (x) four hundred (400) basis points above the Base Rate at such time, and (y) the maximum rate permitted by applicable law at such time. (C) The term "Base Rate" shall mean the rate of interest announced publicly from ,time to time by Citibank, N.A., or its successor, as its "prime lending rate" (or such other term as may be used by Citibank, N.A. (or its successor), from time to time, for the rate presently referred to as its "prime lending rate"). (D) The term "Business Days" shall mean all days, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays. (E) The term "Consumer Price Index" shall mean the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor, All Items (1982-84 = 100), seasonally adjusted, for the most specific area that includes the location of the Building, or any successor index thereto. If the Consumer Price Index is converted to a different standard reference base or otherwise revised, then the determination of adjustments provided for herein shall be made with the use of such conversion factor, formula or table for converting the Consumer Price Index as may be published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics or, if said Bureau does not publish such conversion factor, formula or table, then with the use of such conversion factor, formula or table as may be published by Prentice-Hall, Inc. or any other nationally recognized publisher of similar statistical information. If the Consumer Price Index ceases to be published, and there is no successor thereto, then Landlord and Tenant shall use diligent efforts, in good faith, to agree upon a substitute index for the Consumer Price Index. Either party shall have the right to submit the issue of the designation of such substitute index to an Expedited Arbitration Proceeding. (F) The term "Control" shall mean direct or indirect ownership of more than thirty percent (30%) of the outstanding voting stock of a corporation or other majority equity interest if not a corporation and the possession of power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policy of such corporation or other entity, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by statute or by contract. (G) The term "Escalation Rent" shall mean the Rental payable to Landlord under Article 2 hereof. (H) The term "Holidays" shall mean all days observed as legal holidays by either (x) the State of New York, or (y) the United States of America. (I) The term "Person" shall mean any natural person or persons or any legal form of association, including, without limitation, a partnership, a limited partnership, a corporation, and a limited liability company. (J) The term "Rentable Area" shall mean, with respect to a particular floor area, the area thereof, as determined in accordance with the standards that the parties used to calculate that the area of the Premises is ten thousand two hundred forty-three (10,243) square feet in the aggregate, that the area of the Building as of the date hereof is three hundred twenty four thousand seventy-eight (324,078) square feet, and that the area of the Building (excluding the retail portion thereof) as of the date hereof is two hundred fifty-nine thousand seven hundred eighty (259,780) square feet. (K) The term "Usable Area" shall mean, with respect to a particular floor area, the usable area thereof, as determined in accordance with The Recommended Method of Floor Measurement of Office Buildings, Effective January 1, 1987, as published by The Real Estate Board of New York, Inc. Landlord and Tenant acknowledge that the Usable Area of the Premises is seven thousand six hundred eighty-two (7,682) square feet. Article 2 ESCALATION RENT 2.1. Operating Expense Definitions. (A) The term "Base Operating Expenses" shall mean the Operating Expenses for the Base Operating Expense Year. (B) The term "Base Operating Expense Year" shall mean the 2005 calendar year. (C) The term "Operating Expenses" shall mean, subject to the terms of this Section 2.1 and to Section 2.2(G) hereof, the expenses paid or incurred by or on behalf of Landlord in insuring, maintaining, repairing, managing and operating the Real Property (and employing personnel therefor) as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied. Operating Expenses shall exclude: (1) Taxes, subject to Section 2.2(G) hereof, payments of interest or principal in respect of Landlord's debt (including, without limitation, any debt that is secured by Mortgages, Excluded Amounts, (2) expenses that relate to leasing space in the Building (including, without limitation, the cost of tenant improvements, the cost of rent concessions, advertising expenses, leasing commissions and the cost of lease buy-outs), (3) the cost of any improvements to the Real Property that are required to be capitalized by generally accepted accounting principles (except as otherwise provided in Section 2.2(G) hereof), (4) depreciation expense (subject, however, to Section 2.2(G) hereof), (5) the cost of electricity that is furnished to the portions of the Building that Landlord has leased or that Landlord is offering for lease (it being understood that Operating Expenses may include the cost of electricity that is required to operate the Building Systems, (5) salaries and the cost of benefits in either case for personnel above the grade of building manager, (6) rent paid or payable under Superior Leases (it being understood, however, that Operating Expenses may include additional rent that is payable under Superior Leases for Taxes or Operating Expenses (only to the extent that such additional rent for Taxes or Operating Expenses covers items that would not otherwise be excluded from Taxes or Operating Expenses pursuant to the terms hereof), (7) subject to Section 2.2 hereof, any expense for which Landlord is otherwise compensated (other than by virtue of other tenants in the Building making payments to Landlord for Operating Expenses as escalation rental) (so that, for example, Landlord shall not have the right to include in Operating Expenses any costs that (x) this Lease otherwise obligates Tenant to pay to or on behalf of Landlord hereunder, or (y) Landlord otherwise recovers under an insurance policy or warranty), (8) the cost of providing any level of service that exceeds the level of service that Landlord furnishes to Tenant hereunder, (9) legal fees and disbursements that are paid or incurred in connection with the negotiation of, or disputes arising out of, any lease for space in the Building, (10) advertising and promotional costs that are paid or incurred for the Building (it being understood that Landlord may include in Operating Expenses the dues or fees of trade and industry associations, and the costs of related activities, only to the extent such dues, fees and costs do not exceed the amount that other owners customarily incur for comparable properties in The City of New York), (11) any fee or expenditure that is paid or payable to any Affiliate of Landlord to the extent that such fee or expenditure exceeds the amount that would be reasonably expected to be paid in the absence of such relationship, (12) interest, penalties, fines and late charges that in either case are paid or incurred as a result of (x) late payments made by Landlord, or (y) violations of applicable Requirements that are attributable to Landlord's negligence, (13) costs that Landlord incurs in removing, treating, encapsulating or otherwise abating (i) asbestos or asbestos-containing materials, or (ii) other materials that currently exist in the Building in violation of applicable Requirements that are in effect as of the date hereof, (14) another property, (15) any portion of the costs that Landlord incurs that are fairly allocable to any costs that Landlord incurs to correct any misrepresentation that Landlord makes to Tenant or any other tenant, or to satisfy Landlord's obligation to indemnify Tenant or any other tenant, except, in either case, to the extent that such costs would otherwise qualify as Operating Expenses hereunder, and (16) any costs that Landlord incurs to the extent attributable to Landlord's gross negligence. (D) The term "Operating Expense Payment" shall mean, with respect to any Operating Expense Year, the product obtained by multiplying (i) the excess (if any) of (A) the Operating Expenses for such Operating Expense Year, over (B) the Base Operating Expenses, by (ii) Tenant's Operating Expense Share. (E) The term "Operating Expense Statement" shall mean a statement that shows the Operating Expense Payment for a particular Operating Expense Year. (F) The term "Operating Expense Year" shall mean the Base Operating Expense Year and each subsequent calendar year. (G) The term "Tenant's Operating Expense Share" shall mean, subject to the terms hereof, three and ninety-four one-hundredths percent (3.94%). 2.2. Calculation of Operating Expenses. (A) Subject to the terms of this Section 2.2(A), if the entire Rentable Area of the Building (other than the retail portion thereof) is not occupied by Persons conducting business therein for the entire Operating Expense Year, then, for purposes of calculating the Operating Expense Payment, Landlord shall have the right to increase Operating Expenses by the amount that Landlord would have included in Operating Expenses if the entire Rentable Area of the Building (other than the retail portion thereof) was occupied by Persons conducting business therein for the entire Operating Expense Year. Subject to the terms of this Section 2.2(A), if (i) for any particular period, Landlord performs a particular service or a particular level of service for the benefit of Tenant in operating the Building, (ii) Tenant does not otherwise pay to Landlord additional rent for the costs incurred by Landlord in performing such service or such level of service, (iii) Landlord includes the cost of performing such service or such level of service in Operating Expenses for purposes of calculating the Operating Expense Payment for the applicable Operating Expense Year, and (iv) Landlord does not perform such service or such level of service for the benefit of all of the other portions of the Building that are occupied by Persons conducting business therein for the applicable period, then, for purposes of calculating the Operating Expense Payment, Landlord shall have the right to increase Operating Expenses by the amount that Landlord would have included in Operating Expenses if Landlord performed such service or such level of service for the entire Rentable Area of the Building (other than the retail portion thereof) that is occupied by Persons conducting business therein for the applicable period. Landlord shall increase the Operating Expenses for the Base Operating Expense Year as described in this Section 2.2(A). (B) . If (i) Landlord includes an expense in Operating Expenses for a particular Operating Expense Year, and (ii) Landlord receives insurance proceeds as reimbursement for such expense in a subsequent Operating Expense Year, then Landlord shall deduct such insurance proceeds from Operating Expenses in the Operating Expense Year during which Landlord receives such insurance proceeds (without making a corresponding reduction in the Operating Expenses for the Operating Expense Year during which Landlord incurred such expense); provided, however, that if Landlord receives such insurance proceeds in any Operating Expense Year for an expense that Landlord included in Base Operating Expenses, then Landlord shall have the right to deduct such insurance proceeds from Base Operating Expenses (rather than deducting such insurance proceeds from Operating Expenses for the Operating Expense Year during which Landlord receives such insurance proceeds), in which case Tenant shall pay to Landlord the additional Operating Expense Payment for each preceding Operating Expense Year that derives from such reduction in the Base Operating Expenses, on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day after the date that Landlord gives Tenant an invoice therefor. (C) Landlord shall have the right to include in Operating Expenses, for the electricity supplied to the Building Systems and other common elements of the Building, an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the sum of: (1) the product obtained by multiplying (i) the Average Cost per Peak Demand Kilowatt, by (ii) the number of kilowatts that the Building Systems and the other common elements of the Building demanded at the time that coincides with the Building's peak demand for electricity for the applicable billing period (as registered on a submeter or submeters, or, at Landlord's option, as determined from time to time by a survey prepared by an independent and reputable electrical consultant) (it being understood that such number of kilowatts as described in clause (ii) above shall not include the number of kilowatts that are attributable to the operation of the Building Systems to the extent that Tenant (or other tenants in the Building) make separate payment to Landlord therefor), and (2) the product obtained by multiplying (i) the Average Cost per Kilowatt Hour, by (ii) the number of kilowatt hours of electricity used by the Building Systems and the other common elements of the Building for the applicable period (as registered on a submeter or submeters, or, at Landlord's option, as determined by a survey prepared by an independent and reputable electrical consultant) (it being understood that such number of kilowatt hours as described in clause (ii) above shall not include the number of kilowatt hours that are attributable to the operation of the Building Systems to the extent that Tenant (or other tenants in the Building) make separate payment to Landlord therefor). (D) The term "Average Cost per Peak Demand Kilowatt" shall mean, with respect to any particular period, the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the aggregate charge imposed by the Utility Company on Landlord for the Utility Company's making available electricity that satisfies the Building's peak demand for electricity during such period, by (y) the number of kilowatts that constituted such peak demand, as reflected on the electric meter or meters for the Building. (E) The term "Average Cost per Kilowatt Hour"-shall mean, with respect to any particular period, the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the aggregate charge imposed by the Utility Company on Landlord for the electricity supplied to the Building for such period (other than the aggregate charge imposed by the Utility Company on Landlord for the Utility Company's making available electricity that satisfies the Building's peak demand for electricity during such period), by (y) the number of kilowatt hours of electricity used in the Building during such period, as reflected on the electric meter or meters for the Building. (F) The term "Utility Company" shall mean, collectively, the local electrical energy distribution company and the competitive energy provider with which Landlord has made arrangements to obtain electric service for the Building. (G) If (i) Landlord makes an improvement to the Real Property or a replacement of equipment at the Real Property in either case in connection with the maintenance, repair, management or operation thereof, (ii) generally accepted accounting principles require Landlord to capitalize the cost of such improvement or such replacement, and (iii) such improvement or replacement is made (a) to comply with a Requirement (regardless of whether such Requirement is valid or mandatory) that is first enacted or that the applicable Governmental Authority first enforces in either case from and after the date hereof, (b) in lieu of repairs, or (c) for the purpose of saving or reducing Operating Expenses (such as, for example, an improvement that reduces labor costs), then Landlord shall have the right to include in Operating Expenses for each Operating Expense Year the amount that amortizes the cost of such improvement or such replacement, together with interest thereon calculated at two hundred (200) basis points in excess of the Base Rate, in equal annual installments over the useful life of such improvement or such equipment as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (until the cost of such improvement or such equipment is amortized fully); provided, however, that (I) for any such improvement or replacement that Landlord makes for the purpose of saving or reducing Operating Expenses (and that Landlord does not make to comply with a Requirement or in lieu of a repair), the aforesaid amount that Landlord includes in Operating Expenses for any particular Operating Expense Year shall not exceed the amount of the reduction in other Operating Expenses for such Operating Expense Year that derives from such improvement or such replacement, and (II) for any such improvement or replacement that Landlord makes in lieu of a repair (and that Landlord does not make to comply with a Requirement or for the purpose of saving or reducing Operating Expenses), the aforesaid amount that Landlord includes in Operating Expenses for any particular Operating Expense Year shall not exceed the cost of the repairs that would have otherwise made if Landlord did not make such improvement or replacement. 2.3. Operating Expense Payment. (A) Tenant shall pay the Operating Expense Payment to Landlord in accordance with the terms of this Section 2.3. (B) Landlord shall have the right to give a statement to Tenant from time to time pursuant to which Landlord sets forth Landlord's good faith estimate of the Operating Expense Payment for a particular Operating Expense Year (any such statement that Landlord gives to Tenant being referred to herein as a "Prospective Operating Expense Statement"; one twelfth (l/12th) of the Operating Expense Payment shown on a Prospective Operating Expense Statement being referred to herein as the "Monthly Operating Expense Payment Amount"). If Landlord gives to Tenant a Prospective Operating Expense Statement (or Landlord is deemed to have given to Tenant a Prospective Operating Expense Statement pursuant to Section 2.3(C) hereof), then Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent, on account of the Operating Expense Payment due hereunder for such Operating Expense Year, the Monthly Operating Expense Payment Amount, on the first (lst) day of each subsequent calendar month for the remainder of such Operating Expense Year, in the same manner as the monthly installments of the Fixed Rent hereunder (it being understood that Tenant shall not be required to commence such payments of the Monthly Operating Expense Payment Amount before the first (1st) day of the Operating Expense Year to which relates the applicable Monthly Operating Expense Payment Amount). If Landlord gives (or is deemed to have given) to Tenant a Prospective Operating Expense Statement after the first (1 st) day of the applicable Operating Expense Year, then Tenant shall also pay to Landlord, within thirty (30) days after the date that Landlord gives the Prospective Operating Expense Statement to Tenant, an amount equal to the excess of (I) the product obtained by multiplying (x) the Monthly Operating Expense Payment Amount, by (y) the number of calendar months that have theretofore elapsed during such Operating Expense Year, over (II) the aggregate amount theretofore paid by Tenant to Landlord on account of the Operating Expense Payment for such Operating Expense Year. If Landlord gives (or is deemed to have given) to Tenant a Prospective Operating Expense Statement for a particular Operating Expense Year, then Landlord shall also provide to Tenant, within two hundred seventy (270) days after the last day of such Operating Expense Year, an Operating Expense Statement for such Operating Expense Year. Nothing contained in this Section 2.3(B) obligates Tenant to pay the Monthly Operating Expense Payment Amount before the Rent Commencement Date. (C) Tenant shall pay to Landlord an amount equal to the excess (if any) of (i) the Operating Expense Payment as reflected on an Operating Expense Statement that Landlord gives to Tenant, over (ii) the aggregate amount that Tenant has theretofore paid to Landlord on account of the Operating Expense Payment (if any) as contemplated by Section 2.3(B) hereof, within thirty (30) days after the date that Landlord gives such Operating Expense Statement to Tenant. Tenant shall have the right to credit against the Rental thereafter coming due hereunder an amount equal to the excess (if any) of (i) the aggregate amount that Tenant has theretofore paid to Landlord on account of the Operating Expense Payment as contemplated by Section 2.3(B) hereof, over (ii) the Operating Expense Payment as reflected on such Operating Expense Statement; provided, however, that if the Expiration Date occurs prior to the date that such credit is exhausted, then Landlord shall pay to Tenant the unused portion of such credit on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day after the Expiration Date (it being understood that Landlord's obligation to make such payment to Tenant shall survive the Expiration Date). If Landlord gives Tenant an Operating Expense Statement, then, unless Landlord otherwise specifies in such Operating Expense Statement, Landlord shall be deemed to have given to Tenant a Prospective Operating Expense Statement, for the Operating Expense Year immediately succeeding the Operating Expense Year that is covered by such Operating Expense Statement, that reflects an Operating Expense Payment for such immediately succeeding Operating Expense Year in an amount equal to the Operating Expense Payment for such Operating Expense Year that is covered by such Operating Expense Statement. (D) If the Rent Commencement Date occurs later than the first (1st) day of the Operating Expense Year that immediately succeeds the Base Operating Expense Year, then the Operating Expense Payment for the Operating Expense Year during which the Rent Commencement Date occurs shall be an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying (X) the Operating Expense Payment that would have been due hereunder if the Rent Commencement Date was the first (1st) day of such Operating Expense Year, by (Y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the period beginning on the Rent Commencement Date and ending on the last day of such Operating Expense Year, and the denominator of which is three hundred sixty-five (365) (or three hundred sixty-six (366), if such Operating Expense Year is a leap year). (E) If the Expiration Date is not the last day of an Operating Expense Year, then the Operating Expense Payment for the Operating Expense Year during which the Expiration Date occurs shall be an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying (X) the Operating Expense Payment that would have been due hereunder if the Expiration Date was the last day of such Operating Expense Year, by (Y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the period beginning on the first (1 st) day of such calendar year and ending on the Expiration Date, and the denominator of which is three hundred sixty-five (365) (or three hundred sixty-six (366), if such Operating Expense Year is a leap year). (F) Landlord's failure to give Tenant an Operating Expense Statement or a Prospective Operating Expense Statement for any Operating Expense Year shall not impair Landlord's right to give Tenant an Operating Expense Statement or a Prospective Operating Expense Statement for any other Operating Expense Year. Landlord shall not have the right to require Tenant to make an Operating Expense Payment for a particular Operating Expense Year unless Landlord gives to Tenant an Operating Expense Statement for such Operating Expense Year within seven hundred thirty (730) days after the last day of such Operating Expense Year. (G) If the Operating Expenses for the Base Operating Expense Year are redetermined at any time after the date that Landlord gives an Operating Expense Statement to Tenant for an Operating Expense Year, then Landlord shall have the right to give to Tenant a revised Operating Expense Statement that recalculates the Operating Expense Payment for an Operating Expense Year (using the Operating Expenses that reflects such redetermination for the Base Operating Expense Year). Tenant shall pay to Landlord an amount equal to the excess of (i) the Operating Expense Payment as reflected on such revised Operating Expense Statement, over (ii) the Operating Expense Payment as reflected on the prior Operating Expense Statement, within thirty (30) days after Landlord gives such revised Operating Expense Statement to Tenant. 2.4. Auditing of Operating Expense Statements. (A) Any Operating Expense Statement that Landlord gives to Tenant shall be binding upon Tenant conclusively unless, within two hundred seventy (270) days after the date that Landlord gives Tenant such Operating Expense Statement, Tenant gives a notice to Landlord objecting to such Operating Expense Statement. Tenant's right to give such notice (and conduct the audit contemplated by this Section 2.4(A)) shall survive the Expiration Date (to the extent that the Expiration Date occurs earlier than the two hundred seventieth (270th) day after the date that Landlord gives the applicable Operating Expense Statement to Tenant). If Tenant gives such notice to Landlord, then, subject to the terms of this Section 2.4(A), Tenant may examine Landlord's books and records relating to such Operating Expense Statement to determine the accuracy thereof. Tenant may perform such examination on reasonable advance notice to Landlord, at reasonable times, in Landlord's office or, at Landlord's option, at the office of Landlord's managing agent or accountants. Tenant, in performing such examination, shall have the right to be accompanied by a certified public accountant from one of the "big-4" firms of certified public accountants (or their successors), or, at Tenant's option, a certified public accountant from a reputable firm of at least one hundred fifty (150) certified public accountants that is reasonably acceptable to Landlord; provided, however, that Tenant shall not be entitled to be so accompanied by any certified public accountant unless Tenant and such certified public accountant certify to Landlord in a written instrument that is reasonably satisfactory to Landlord that the compensation being paid by Tenant to such certified public accountant is not conditioned or otherwise contingent (in whole or in part) on the extent of any reduction in the Operating Expense Payment that derives from such examination. Tenant shall not have the right to conduct any such audit unless Tenant delivers to Landlord a statement, in a form reasonably designated by Landlord, signed by Tenant and Tenant's certified public accountant to which such books and records are proposed to be disclosed, pursuant to which Tenant and such certified public accountants agree to maintain the information obtained from such examination in confidence (subject, however, to the disclosure as required by law of the information that Tenant or Tenant's certified public accountant derive from such examination). (B) If it is determined ultimately that (i) Landlord, in an Operating Expense Statement, overstated the Operating Expense Payment, and (ii) Tenant overpaid the Operating Expense Payment for a particular Operating Expense Year, then Tenant shall be entitled to credit the amount of such overpayment of the Operating Expense Payment against the Rental thereafter corning due hereunder. If (x) Tenant is entitled to a credit against Rental pursuant to this Section 2.4(B), and (y) the Expiration Date occurs prior to the date that such credit is exhausted, then Landlord shall pay to Tenant the unused portion of such credit on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day after the Expiration Date (and Landlord's obligation to make such payment shall survive the Expiration Date). (C) Nothing contained in this Section 2.4 shall constitute an extension of the date by which Tenant is required to pay the Operating Expense Payment to Landlord hereunder. 2.5. Tax Definitions. (A) The term "Assessed Valuation" shall mean the amount for which the Real Property is assessed pursuant to applicable provisions of the New York City Charter and of the Administrative Code of The City of New York, in either case for the purpose of calculating all or any portion of the Taxes. (B) The term "Base Taxes" shall mean the quotient obtained by dividing (0 the Taxes for the Base Tax Period, by (ii) the number of Tax Years in the Base Tax Period. (C) The term "Base Tax Period" shall mean the period consisting of two (2) fiscal years commencing on July 1, 2004 and ending on June 30, 2006. (D) The term "Excluded Amounts" shall mean (w) any taxes imposed on Landlord's income, (x) franchise, estate or inheritance taxes imposed on Landlord, and (y) any other similar taxes imposed on Landlord. (E) The term "Taxes" shall mean the aggregate amount of real estate taxes and any general or special assessments that in each case are imposed upon the Real Property, without taking into account (a) any discount that Landlord receives by virtue of any early payment of Taxes (if Landlord does not use the Tax Payment to make any such early payment of Taxes), (b) any penalties or interest that the applicable Governmental Authority imposes for the late payment of such real estate taxes or assessments, (c) any Excluded Amounts, or (d) any exemption or deferral of Taxes to which the Real Property is entitled under any program that a Governmental Authority adopts to promote the improvement or redevelopment of real property; provided, however, that if, because of any change in the taxation of real estate, any other tax or assessment, however denominated (including, without limitation, any franchise, income, profit, sales, use, occupancy, gross receipts or rental tax), is imposed upon the Real Property, the owner thereof, or the occupancy, rents or income derived therefrom, in substitution for any of the Taxes, then such other tax or assessment to the extent substituted shall be included in Taxes for purposes hereof (assuming that the Real Property is Landlord's sole asset and the income therefrom is Landlord's sole income). Taxes shall include, without limitation, (i) assessments made upon or with respect to any "air" and "development" rights now appurtenant to or affecting the Real Property, (ii) any fee, tax or charge imposed by any Governmental Authority for any vaults or vault spaces that in either case are appurtenant to the Real Property, and (iii) any taxes or assessments levied after the date of this Lease, in whole or in part, for public benefits to the Real Property, including, without limitation, any business improvement district taxes and assessments. If any such real estate taxes or assessments are payable in installments without interest, premium or penalty, then Landlord shall include in Taxes for any particular Tax Year only the installment of such real estate taxes or assessments that the applicable Governmental Authority requires Landlord to pay (and that Landlord actually pays) during such Tax Year. (F) The term "Tax Payment" shall mean, with respect to any Tax Year, the product obtained by multiplying (i) the excess of (A) Taxes for such Tax Year, over (B) the Base Taxes, by (ii) Tenant's Tax Share (it being understood that the Tax Payment shall be due with respect to each Tax Year following the first Tax Year in the Base Tax Period). (G) The term "Tax Statement" shall mean a statement that shows the Tax Payment for a particular Tax Year. (H) The term "Tax Year" shall mean the first period from July 1 through June 30 (or such other period as hereinafter may be duly adopted by the Governmental Authority then imposing Taxes as its fiscal year for real estate tax purposes) in the Base Tax Period and each subsequent period from July 1 through June 30 (or such other period as hereinafter may be duly adopted by the Governmental Authority then imposing Taxes as its fiscal year for real estate tax purposes). (I) The term "Tenant's Tax Share" shall mean, subject to the terms hereof, three and sixteen one-hundredths percent (3.16%). 2.6. Tax Payment. (A) Subject to the provisions of this Section 2.6, Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent, the Tax Payment. (B) Subject to the provisions of this Section 2.6, Tenant shall pay to Landlord the Tax Payment for a particular Tax Year on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day before the date that the applicable Governmental Authority obligates Landlord to make the corresponding payment of Taxes for such Tax Year. If the applicable Governmental Authority requires Landlord to pay the Taxes for a Tax Year in more than one (1) installment, then Tenant shall pay the Tax Payment to Landlord for such Tax Year in a corresponding number of installments. Tenant shall not be required to make a Tax Payment to Landlord (or to pay an installment thereof to Landlord) earlier than the fifteenth (15th) day after the date that Landlord gives Tenant a Tax Statement therefor. If Tenant's obligation to make the Tax Payment hereunder commences on a date that is not the date that the applicable Governmental Authority requires Landlord to make a corresponding payment of Taxes, then Tenant shall pay to Landlord, on such date that Tenant's obligation to make the Tax Payment hereunder commences, the installment of the Tax Payment due hereunder for the corresponding period, which installment shall be apportioned appropriately. (C) If the Rent Commencement Date occurs later than the first (1st) day of the Tax Year that immediately succeeds the first Tax Year of the Base Tax Period, then the Tax Payment for the Tax Year during which the Rent Commencement Date occurs shall be an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying (X) the Tax Payment that would have been due hereunder if the Rent Commencement Date was the first (1 st) day of such Tax Year, by (Y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the period beginning on the Rent Commencement Date and ending on the last day of such Tax Year, and the denominator of which is three hundred sixty-five (365) (or three hundred sixty-six (366), if such Tax Year includes the month of February in a leap year). (D) If the Expiration Date is not the last day of a Tax Year, then the Tax Payment for the Tax Year during which the Expiration Date occurs shall be an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying (X) the Tax Payment that would have been due hereunder if the Expiration Date was the last day of such Tax Year, by (Y) a [Taction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the period beginning on the first (1 st) day of such Tax Year and ending on the Expiration Date, and the denominator of which is three hundred sixty-five (365) (or three hundred sixty-six (366), if such Tax Year includes the month of February in a leap year). (E) The Tax Payment shall be computed initially on the basis of the Assessed Valuation in effect on the date that Landlord gives the applicable Tax Statement to Tenant (as the Taxes may have been settled or finally adjudicated prior to such time) regardless of any then pending application, proceeding or appeal to reduce the Assessed Valuation, but shall be subject to subsequent adjustment as provided in Section 2.7 hereof. (F) Tenant shall pay the Tax Payment regardless of whether Tenant is exempt, in whole or part, from the payment of any Taxes by reason of Tenant's diplomatic status or otherwise. (G) If Taxes are required to be paid on any date or dates other than as presently required by the Governmental Authority imposing Taxes, then the due date of the installments of the Tax Payment shall be adjusted so that each such installment is due from Tenant to Landlord thirty (30) days prior to the date that the corresponding payment is due to the Governmental Authority. (H) Landlord's failure to give to Tenant a Tax Statement for any Tax Year shall not impair Landlord's right to give to Tenant a Tax Statement for any other Tax Year. Landlord shall not have the right to require Tenant to make a Tax Payment for a particular Tax Year unless Landlord gives to Tenant a Tax Statement for such Tax Year within seven hundred thirty (730) days after the last day of such Tax Year. (1) Landlord shall give to Tenant a copy of the relevant tax bill for each Tax Year (to the extent that the applicable Governmental Authority has issued such tax bill to Landlord) promptly after Tenant's request therefor from time to time. (J) Any Tax Statement that Landlord gives to Tenant shall be binding upon Tenant conclusively unless, within two hundred seventy (270) days after the date that Landlord gives Tenant such Tax Statement, Tenant gives a notice to Landlord objecting to such Tax Statement. Tenant's right to give such notice shall survive the Expiration Date (to the extent that the Expiration Date occurs earlier than the two hundred seventieth (270th) day after the date that Landlord gives the applicable Tax Statement to Tenant). 2.7. Tax Reduction Proceedings. (A) Landlord (and not Tenant) shall be eligible to institute proceedings to reduce the Assessed Valuation. (B) If, after a Tax Statement has been sent to Tenant, an Assessed Valuation that Landlord used to compute the Tax Payment for a Tax Year is reduced, and, as a result thereof, a refund of Taxes is actually received by, or credited to, Landlord, then Landlord, promptly after Landlord's receipt of such refund (or such refund is credited to Landlord, as the case may be), shall send to Tenant a Tax Statement adjusting the Taxes for such Tax Year and setting forth, based on such adjustment, the portion of such refund for which Tenant is entitled a credit as set forth in this Section 2.7(B). Landlord shall credit the portion of such refund to which Tenant is entitled against the Rental thereafter coming due hereunder. The portion of such refund to which Tenant is entitled shall be limited to the portion of the Taxes, if any, that Tenant had theretofore paid to Landlord on account of the Tax Payment for the Tax Year to which the refund is applicable on the basis of the Assessed Valuation before it had been reduced. The Tax Payment paid by Tenant for such Tax Year (after taking into account such refund) shall be an amount equal to the Tax Payment that Tenant would have paid hereunder if the Assessed Valuation used in computing Taxes for such Tax Year had reflected initially the aforesaid reduction thereof that yielded such refund. If (x) Tenant is entitled to a credit against Rental pursuant to this Section 2.7(B), and (y) the Expiration Date occurs prior to the date that such credit is exhausted, then Landlord shall pay to Tenant the unused portion of such credit on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day after the Expiration Date (and Landlord's obligation to make such payment shall survive the Expiration Date). If (i) Landlord receives such refund (or a credit therefor) after the Expiration Date, and (ii) Tenant is entitled to a portion thereof as contemplated by this Section 2.7(B), then Landlord shall pay to Tenant an amount equal to Tenant's share of such refund (or such credit) within thirty (30) days after the date that such refund is paid to Landlord (or such refund is credited to Landlord, as the case may be) (and Landlord's obligation to make such payment shall survive the Expiration Date). (C) If the Assessed Valuation for a Tax Year in the Base Tax Period is reduced at any time after the date that Landlord gives a Tax Statement to Tenant for a Tax Year, then Landlord shall have the right to give to Tenant a revised Tax Statement that recalculates the Tax Payment for a Tax Year (using the Taxes that reflect such reduction in such Assessed Valuation). Tenant shall pay to Landlord an amount equal to the excess of (i) the Tax Payment as reflected on such revised Tax Statement, over (ii) the Tax Payment as reflected on the prior Tax Statement, within thirty (30) days after Landlord gives such revised Tax Statement to Tenant. 2.8. Condominium Conversion. (A) If Landlord files a Condominium Declaration, then, with respect to the portion of the Term from and after the date that Taxes are imposed separately on (i) the condominium unit that comprises or the condominium units that comprise the Premises, or (ii) the condominium unit or condominium units of which the Premises is a part, as the case may be, (I) Tenant's Tax Share shall be recalculated as of the date that Taxes are so imposed separately as the quotient (expressed as a percentage) that is obtained by dividing (x) the number of square feet of Rentable Area in the Premises, by (y) the number of square feet of Rentable Area in the applicable condominium unit, (II) Base Taxes shall be deemed to be an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying (x) Base Taxes immediately prior to the date that Taxes are imposed separately on such condominium unit, by (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of square feet of Rentable Area comprising such condominium unit, and the denominator of which is the number of square feet of Rentable Area in the Building, and (III) Taxes shall be deemed to mean only the Taxes that are imposed on such condominium unit. (B) If Landlord files a Condominium Declaration, then, with respect to the period from and after the date that the Condominium Declaration is effective, (I) Tenant's Operating Expense Share shall be recalculated as of such date that the Condominium Declaration is declared effective as the quotient (expressed as a percentage) that is obtained by dividing (x) the number of square feet of Rentable Area in the Premises, by (y) the number of square feet of Rentable Area in the applicable condominium unit (other than any retail portion thereof), (II) Base Operating Expenses shall be deemed to be an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying (x) Base Operating Expenses immediately prior to the date that the Condominium Declaration is effective, by (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of square feet of Rentable Area comprising such condominium unit (other than the retail portion thereof), and the denominator of which is the number of square feet of Rentable Area in the Building (other than the retail portion thereof), and (III) Operating Expenses shall be deemed to mean only the Operating Expenses that apply to such condominium unit (it being understood that the common charges that the Condominium Board assesses against such condominium unit shall constitute Operating Expenses for purposes hereof to the extent that the costs and expenses that comprise such common charges would not have been otherwise excluded from Operating Expenses in accordance with the terms hereof). Tenant shall not be required to pay any increase in the Operating Expense Payment to the extent that such increase derives solely from the conversion of the Real Property to a condominium form of ownership as described in this Section 2.8. 2.9. Building Additions. (A) If, prior to Landlord's filing of a Condominium Declaration, Landlord makes improvements to the Building to expand the Rentable Area thereof, then, with respect to the period from and after the date that Taxes are assessed on the Building to reflect such improvements, (I) Tenant's Tax Share shall be recalculated as of the date that Taxes are so assessed as the quotient (expressed as a percentage) that is obtained by dividing (x) the number of square feet of Rentable Area in the Premises, by (y) the number of square feet of Rentable Area in the Building (after taking into account such expansion of the Rentable Area thereof) and (II) Base Taxes shall be an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying (x) Base Taxes immediately prior to the date that Taxes are assessed on the Building to reflect such improvements, by (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the Taxes that are assessed against the Building (after taking such improvements into account), and the denominator of which is the Taxes that are assessed against the Building (before taking such improvements into account). (B) If, prior to Landlord's filing of a Condominium Declaration, Landlord makes improvements to the Building to expand the Rentable Area thereof, then, with respect to the period from and after the date that such improvements are Substantially Completed, (I) Tenant's Operating Expense Share shall be recalculated as of the date that such improvements are Substantially Completed as the quotient (expressed as a percentage) that is obtained by dividing (x) the number of square feet of Rentable Area in the Premises, by (y) the number of square feet of Rentable Area in the Building (other than any retail portion thereof) (after taking such expansion into account) and (II) Base Operating Expenses shall be deemed to be an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying (x) Base Operating Expenses prior to the date that such improvements are Substantially Completed, by (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the Operating Expenses for the Building (after such improvements are Substantially Completed), and the denominator of which is the Operating Expenses for the Building (prior to such improvements being Substantially Completed). Article 3 USE 3.1. Permitted Use. Subject to Section 3.2 hereof, Tenant shall use the Premises, and Tenant shall cause any other Person claiming by, through or under Tenant to use the Premises, in either case only as general and executive offices and for uses reasonably incidental thereto. 3.2. Limitations. Tenant shall not use the Premises or any part thereof, or permit the Premises or any part thereof to be used: (1) for the conduct of retail trade; (2) by any Governmental Authority or any other Person having sovereign or diplomatic immunity; (3) for the sale, storage, preparation, service or consumption of food or beverages in any manner whatsoever (except that Tenant has the right to store, prepare, and serve food and beverages, by any reasonable means (including, without limitation, by means of customary vending machines), for consumption by Tenant's officers, employees and business guests in the Premises); or (4) as an employment agency, executive search firm or similar enterprise, labor union, school, or vocational training center (except for the training of employees of Tenant who are employed at the Premises). 3.3. Rules. Subject to the terms of this Section 3.3, Tenant shall comply with, and Tenant shall cause any other Person claiming by, through or under Tenant to comply with, the rules set forth in Exhibit "3.3" attached hereto and made a part hereof, and other rules that Landlord hereafter adopts from time to time on reasonable advance notice to Tenant, including, without limitation, rules that govern the performance of Alterations (such rules that are attached hereto, and such other rules, being collectively referred to herein as the "Rules"). Landlord shall not have the right to adopt Rules that are unreasonable. Tenant shall have the right to institute an Expedited Arbitration Proceeding to determine the reasonableness of any additional Rule hereafter adopted by Landlord only by giving notice thereof to Landlord within thirty (30) days after the date that Landlord gives Tenant notice of Landlord's adoption of any such additional Rule (it being understood that Tenant shall not have any other right to dispute the reasonableness of any such additional Rule hereafter adopted by Landlord). Nothing contained in this Lease shall be construed to impose upon Landlord any obligation to enforce the Rules or the terms of any other lease against any other tenant, and Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for violation thereof by any other tenant. Landlord shall not enforce any Rule against Tenant that Landlord is not then enforcing against all other office tenants in the Building. If a conflict or inconsistency exists between the Rules and the provisions of this Lease, then the provisions of this Lease shall control. 3.4. Promotional Displays. Tenant shall not have the right to use any window in the Premises for any sign or other display that is designed principally for advertising or promotion. 3.5. Wireless Internet Service. Tenant shall not solicit other occupants of the Building to use wireless Internet service that emanates from the Premises. Tenant shall not permit the signals of Tenant's wireless Internet service (if any) to emanate beyond the Premises or otherwise interfere in any material respect with any Building Systems. Article 4 SERVICES 4.1. Certain Definitions. (A) The term "Building Hours" shall mean the period from 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM on Business Days and the period from 9:00 AM to 1:00 PM on Saturdays that are not Holidays. (B) The term "Building Systems" shall mean the service systems of the Building, including, without limitation, the mechanical, gas, steam, electrical, sanitary, HV AC, elevator, plumbing, and life-safety systems of the Building (it being understood that the Building Systems shall not include any systems that Tenant installs in the Premises as an Alteration). (C) The term "HV AC" shall mean heat, ventilation and air-conditioning. (D) The term "HVAC Systems" shall mean the Building Systems that provide HVAC. (E) The term "Overtime Periods" shall mean any times that do not constitute Building Hours; provided, however, that the Overtime Periods for the freight elevator shall also include the lunch period of the personnel who operate the freight elevator or the related loading facility and the Building Hours that occur on Saturdays. 4.2. Elevator Service. (A) Subject to the terms of Article 10 hereof and this Section 4.2, Landlord shall provide Tenant with passenger elevator service for the Premises using the Building Systems therefor. Tenant's use of the passenger elevators shall be in common with other occupants of the Building. Tenant shall have the use of the passenger elevators that service the Premises at all times, except that Landlord, during Overtime Periods, shall have the right to limit reasonably the passenger elevators that Landlord makes available to service the Premises (provided that there is available to Tenant on a non-exclusive basis at all times at least one (1) passenger elevator that services the Premises). Tenant shall use the passenger elevators only for purposes of transporting persons to and from the Premises. (B) Subject to the terms of Article 10 hereof and this Section 4.2, Landlord shall provide Tenant with freight elevator service for the Premises using the Building Systems therefor. Tenant's use of the freight elevators shall be in common with other occupants of the Building (it being understood that the Tenant will use two (2) freight elevators to service the Premises, one of which provides service from ground level to a lower level of the Building, and the other of which provides access to the Premises from such lower level of the Building). Landlord shall have the right to prescribe reasonable rules from time to time regarding the rights of the occupants in the Building (including, without limitation, Tenant) to use the freight elevators (governing, for example, the responsibility of occupants of the Building to reserve freight elevator use in advance, particularly for Overtime Periods). Tenant shall use the freight elevators in accordance with applicable Requirements. If Tenant uses the freight elevators during Overtime Periods, then Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent, an amount calculated at the hourly rate of Two Hundred Dollars ($200) (which amount shall be increased on each anniversary of the Commencement Date to reflect the percentage increase, if any, in the Consumer Price Index from the Consumer Price Index that is in effect on Commencement Date), within thirty (30) days after Landlord's giving to Tenant an invoice therefor; provided, however, that Tenant shall not be required to pay for the first ten (10) hours of Tenant's overtime use of the freight elevator for Tenant's initial move into the Premises or to accommodate Tenant's performance of the Initial Alterations. Landlord shall have the right to charge Tenant for a particular minimum number of hours of usage of the freight elevator during Overtime Periods to the extent that the applicable union contract or service contract requires Landlord to engage the necessary personnel (including, without limitation, a freight elevator operator and loading dock attendant) for such minimum number of overtime hours. If (x) Tenant requests Landlord to provide Tenant with freight elevator service during Overtime Periods as provided in this Section 4.2(B), and (y) another tenant in the Building also uses, or other tenants in the Building also use, the applicable freight elevator during such Overtime Period, then Landlord shall allocate equitably the charges described in this Section 4.2(B) among Tenant and such other tenant or tenants. 4.3. Heat, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning. (A) Subject to the terms of Article 10 hereof and this Section 4.3, Landlord shall operate the HV AC System to provide HV AC at the perimeter of the Premises that satisfies, at a minimum, the specifications set forth on Exhibit "4.3" attached hereto and made a part hereof. Landlord shall not be required to make any installations in the Premises to distribute HV AC within the Premises. Landlord shall not be required to repair or maintain during the Term (i) any installations that exist in the Premises on the Commencement Date that distribute within the Premises HV AC that the HVAC System provides, or (ii) any system that is located in the Premises on the Commencement Date that provides supplemental HV AC for the Premises (in addition to the HV AC provided by the HVAC System). Tenant shall keep closed the curtains, blinds, shades or screens that Tenant installs on the windows of the Premises in accordance with the terms hereof to the extent reasonably necessary to reduce the interference of direct sunlight with the operation of the HVAC System. (B) Landlord shall operate the HVAC System for Tenant's benefit during Overtime Periods if Tenant so advises Landlord not later than 02:00 pm of the Business Day immediately preceding the day on which Tenant requires HVAC during Overtime Periods (it being understood that Tenant shall have the right to give such notice orally or by email to the extent that such notice conforms with the ordinary operating procedures for the Building). If Landlord so provides HV AC to the Premises during Overtime Periods (as so requested by Tenant), then Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent, an amount calculated at the hourly rate of Fifty Dollars ($50) (which amount shall be increased on each anniversary of the Commencement Date to reflect the percentage increase, if any, in the Consumer Price Index from the Consumer Price Index that is in effect on Commencement Date), within thirty (30) days after Landlord gives to Tenant an invoice therefor. If (x) Landlord so provides HV AC to the Premises during an Overtime Period (as so requested by Tenant), and (y) another tenant requests or other tenants request HV AC during the same Overtime Period, then Landlord shall reduce equitably Landlord's aforesaid charge to Tenant for HV AC during such Overtime Period to reflect such other tenant's use, or such other tenants' use, of HVAC during such Overtime Period. Landlord shall have the right to charge Tenant for a particular minimum number of hours of usage of the HVAC System during Overtime Periods to the extent that the applicable union contract or service contract requires Landlord to engage the necessary personnel (including, without limitation, a building engineer) for such minimum number of overtime hours. 4.4. Cleaning. (A) Subject to the terms of Article 10 hereof and this Section 4.4, Landlord shall cause the Premises (including, without limitation, the core lavatories that are located within the Premises) to be cleaned substantially in accordance with the standards set forth in Exhibit "4.4" attached hereto and made a part hereof. Landlord shall not be required to clean the portions of the Premises (if any) that Tenant uses for the storage, preparation, service or consumption of food or beverages. Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent, the reasonable costs incurred by Landlord in removing from the Building any of Tenant's refuse and rubbish to the extent exceeding the amount of refuse and rubbish usually generated by a tenant that uses the Premises for ordinary office purposes. Tenant shall make such payments to Landlord not later than the thirtieth (30th) day after the date that Landlord gives to Tenant an invoice therefor from time to time. Tenant shall pay to Landlord as additional rent, within thirty (30) days after Landlord's submission of an invoice to Tenant therefor, the reasonable charge that Landlord imposes for providing supplies to the core toilets and basins on the floor of the Building where the Premises is located. (B) Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall exterminate the portions of the Premises that Tenant uses for the storage, preparation, service or consumption of food against infestation by insects and vermin regularly and, in addition, whenever there is evidence of infestation. Tenant shall engage Persons to perform such exterminating that are approved by Landlord, which approval Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay. Tenant shall cause such Persons to perform such exterminating in a manner that is reasonably satisfactory to Landlord. (C) Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall clean daily all portions of the Premises used for the storage, preparation, service or consumption of food or beverages. Tenant shall not have the right to perform any cleaning services in the Premises using any Person other than the cleaning contractor that Landlord has engaged from time to time to perform cleaning services in the Building for Landlord; provided, however, that (x) Landlord shall not have the right to require Tenant to use such cleaning contractor unless the rates that such cleaning contractor agrees to charge Tenant for such additional cleaning services are competitive and commercially reasonable, and (y) subject to Section 4.10 hereof, Tenant shall have the right to use Tenant's own employees for such additional cleaning services. If such cleaning contractor does not agree to charge Tenant for such additional cleaning services at commercially reasonable rates, then Tenant may employ to perform such additional cleaning services another cleaning contractor that Landlord approves, which approval Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay. (D) Tenant shall comply with any refuse disposal program (including, without limitation, any waste recycling program) that Landlord imposes reasonably or that is required by Requirements. (E) Tenant shall not clean any window in the Premises, nor require, permit, suffer or allow any window in the Premises to be cleaned, in either case from the outside in violation of Section 202 of the New York Labor Law, any other Requirement, or the rules of the Board of Standards and Appeals, or of any other board or body having or asserting jurisdiction. 4.5. Water. Landlord shall provide to the lavatories located in the portion of the Premises that is within the core of the Building hot and cold water only for ordinary drinking, cleaning and lavatory purposes. Landlord shall also provide, through the Building Systems, cold water at one (1) connection point at the perimeter of the Premises only for ordinary drinking, pantry, cleaning and lavatory purposes. Landlord shall not be required to make any installations in the Premises to distribute water within the Premises. Landlord shall not be required to repair or maintain during the Term any installations that exist in the Premises on the Commencement Date that distribute water in the Premises. Nothing contained in this Section 4.5 limits the provisions of Article 10 hereof. 4.6. Directory. Landlord shall make available for Tenant's use, from and after the Commencement Date, Tenant's Operating Expense Share of listings on the lobby directory for the Building for purposes of listing the names of Tenant's executive personnel. Landlord shall modify such directory to add or delete names of Ten ant's executive personnel promptly after Tenant's request from time to time, except that Tenant shall not have the right to make any such request more frequently than once in any particular period of ninety (90) days. Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent, a reasonable charge for any such modifications requested by Tenant, within thirty (30) days after the date that Landlord gives to Tenant an invoice therefor (it being understood that Tenant shall not be required to pay such charge for Tenant's initial listings on such directory). If Landlord replaces such directory with a computerized directory in the lobby of the Building, then Tenant shall be entitled to use such directory for purposes of listing the names of Ten ant's executive personnel as provided in this Section 4.6. 4.7. Condenser Water. Subject to the terms of Article 10 hereof and this Section 4.7, Tenant, at Tenant's expense, may tap into the applicable Building System to obtain condenser water for a supplemental air-conditioning system that Tenant installs as part of the Initial Alterations in accordance with the provisions of Article 7 hereof. Any such supplemental air-conditioning system that Tenant installs shall not have a capacity of more than twelve (12) tons. Tenant's rights to use such condenser water capacity under this Section 4.7 shall lapse to the extent that Tenant does not use all or any portion of the aforesaid condenser water capacity that Landlord has made available to Tenant for a supplemental air-conditioning system that Tenant installs as part of the Initial Alterations. Any installations that are required to connect Tenant's supplemental air-conditioning system to the condenser water pipes shall be made by Tenant, at Tenant's cost, using contractors that Landlord designates reasonably and otherwise in accordance with the provisions of Article 7 hereof. Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent: (A) a one-time "tap-in" fee in the amount of Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00) per ton of capacity so connected. (B) an annual charge in the amount of Two Hundred Fifty Dollars and No Cents ($250.00) per ton of capacity of the system so connected (which amount per ton shall be increased on each anniversary of the Commencement Date to reflect the percentage increase, if any, in the Consumer Price Index from the Consumer Price Index that is in effect on the Commencement Date). Tenant shall pay such amounts to Landlord on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day after the date that Landlord gives to Tenant an invoice therefor from time to time. 4.8. Building Security. Subject to the terms of this Section 4.8, Landlord shall arrange for security personnel to staff the lobby at all times. Tenant acknowledges that (x) Landlord, in agreeing to arrange for such security personnel, does not ensure the security of the Building, and (y) accordingly, Tenant remains responsible for making the Alterations in the Premises that Tenant considers adequate to provide for Tenant's security. 4.9. No Other Services. Landlord shall not be required to provide any services to support Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises, except to the extent expressly set forth herein. 4.10. Labor Harmony. If (i) Tenant employs, or permits the employment of, any contractor, mechanic or laborer in the Premises, whether in connection with any Alteration or otherwise, (ii) such employment interferes or causes any conflict with other contractors, mechanics or laborers engaged in the maintenance, repair, management or operation of the Building or any adjacent property owned or managed by Landlord, and (iii) Landlord gives Tenant notice thereof (which notice may be given verbally to the person employed by Tenant with whom Landlord's representative ordinarily discusses matters relating to the Premises), then Tenant shall cause all contractors, mechanics or laborers causing such interference or conflict to leave the Building immediately and shall take such other action as may be reasonably necessary to resolve such conflict. 4.11. Services Benefit Permitted Parties. Landlord acknowledges that Permitted Parties (other than Tenant) shall have the right to receive the services that Landlord is otherwise required to perform for Tenant hereunder. Article 5 ELECTRICITY 5.1. Capacity. Subject to the terms of this Article 5, Landlord, at all times during the Term, shall provide to the electrical closet on the floor of the Building when the Premises is located, for Tenant's use, six (6) watts of electrical capacity (demand load) per square foot of Usable Area in the Premises, exclusive of the electricity that is required to operate the elements of the HV AC System that are located on such floor (such electrical capacity being referred to herein as the "Base Electrical Capacity"). Tenant, during the Term, shall use electricity in the Premises only in such manner that complies with the requirements of the Utility Company. Tenant shall not permit the demand for electricity in the Premises to exceed the Base Electrical Capacity. 5.2. Electricity for the Building. Landlord shall arrange with a Utility Company to provide electricity for the Building. Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for any failure or defect in the supply or character of electricity furnished to the Building, except to the extent that such failure or defect results from Landlord's negligence or willful misconduct. Landlord shall not be required to make any installations in the Premises to distribute electricity within the Premises. Landlord shall not be required to maintain or repair during the Term any installations that exist in the Premises on the Commencement Date that distribute electricity within the Premises. 5.3. Submetering. (A) Subject to the provisions of this Section 5.3, Landlord shall measure Tenant's demand for and consumption of electricity in the Premises using a submeter that is, or submeters that are, installed and maintained by Landlord. Landlord shall pay the cost of installing such submeter or submeters. If, at any time during the Term, Tenant performs Alterations that require modifications to the aforesaid submeter or submeters that Landlord installs, or that require a supplemental submeter or supplemental submeters, then Tenant shall perform such modification, or the installation of such supplemental submeter or submeters, at Tenant's cost, as part of the applicable Alteration. (B) Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent, an amount (the "Electricity Additional Rent") equal to one hundred four percent (104%) of the sum of: (1) the product obtained by multiplying (x) the Average Cost per Peak Demand Kilowatt, by (y) the number of kilowatts that the Premises demanded at the time that coincides with the Building's peak demand for electricity for the applicable billing period, as registered on the submeter or submeters for the Premises, and (2) the product obtained by multiplying (x) the Average Cost per Kilowatt Hour, by (y) the number of kilowatt hours of electricity used in the Premises for the applicable billing period, as registered on the submeter or submeters for the Premises. (C) Landlord shall give Tenant an invoice for the Electricity Additional Rent from time to time (but no less frequently than quarter-annually). Tenant shall pay the Electricity Additional Rent to Landlord on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day after the date that Landlord gives to Tenant each such invoice. Tenant shall not have the right to object to Landlord's calculation of the Electricity Additional Rent unless Tenant gives Landlord notice of any such objection on or prior to the one hundred eightieth (180th) day after the date that Landlord gives Tenant the applicable invoice for the Electricity Additional Rent. If Tenant gives Landlord a notice objecting to Landlord's calculation of the Electricity Additional Rent, as aforesaid, then Tenant or Tenant's agent shall have the right to review Landlord's submeter readings and Landlord's calculation of the Electricity Additional Rent (and the components thereof), at Landlord's offices or, at Landlord's option, at the offices of Landlord's managing agent, in either case at reasonable times and on reasonable advance notice to Landlord. Either party shall have the right to submit a dispute regarding the Electricity Additional Rent to an Expedited Arbitration Proceeding. (D) If a submeter measuring Tenant's electrical demand and consumption in the Premises has not been installed in the Premises, or the submeters measuring Tenant's electrical demand and consumption in the Premises have not been installed in the Premises, in either case on or prior to the date hereof, then (x) Landlord shall order such submeter or such submeters promptly after the date hereof, and (y) Landlord shall install such submeter or such submeters within sixty (60) days after the Commencement Date. Landlord and Tenant shall cooperate with each other in good faith to coordinate the installation of such submeter or such submeters with Tenant's performance of the Initial Alterations. Landlord, in installing such submeter or such submeters, shall have the right to interrupt electrical service to the Premises temporarily and in accordance with good construction practice. (E) Subject to the terms of this Section 5.3(E), if, prior to Landlord's installing a submeter or the submeters in the Premises, Tenant commences the performance of the Initial Alterations, then Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent, a fee for electricity service in an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying (I) $0.0041, by (II) the number of square feet of Rentable Area in the Premises (or the portion thereof in which Tenant is performing the Initial Alterations), by (III) the number of days in the period commencing on the date that Tenant so commences the Initial Alterations and ending on the date immediately preceding the date that the submeter for the Premises (or the applicable portion thereof) is operational or the submeters for the Premises (or the applicable portion thereof) are operational. Landlord shall give Tenant an invoice for the aforesaid fee from time to time (but not less frequently than monthly). Tenant shall pay the aforesaid fee to Landlord on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day after the date that Landlord gives each such invoice to Tenant. 5.4. Termination of Electric Service. (A) If Landlord is required by any Requirement to discontinue furnishing electricity to the Premises as contemplated hereby, then this Lease shall continue in full force and effect and shall be unaffected thereby, except that from and after the effective date of any such Requirement, (x) Landlord shall not be obligated to furnish electricity to the Premises, and (y) Tenant shall not be obligated to pay to Landlord the charges for electricity as described in this Article 5. Nothing contained in this Section 5.3(D) gives Landlord any right to discontinue Tenant's electric service, except to the extent required by Requirements. (B) If Landlord discontinues Landlord's furnishing electricity to the Premises pursuant to a Requirement, then Tenant shall use Tenant's diligent efforts to obtain electricity for the Premises directly from the Utility Company. Tenant shall pay directly to the Utility Company the cost of such electricity. Tenant shall have the right to use without charge the electrical facilities that then exist in the Building to obtain such direct electric service (without Landlord having any liability or obligation to Tenant in connection therewith). Nothing contained in this Section 5.3(D) shall permit Tenant to use electrical capacity in the Building that exceeds the Base Electrical Capacity. Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall make any additional installations that are required for Tenant to obtain electricity from the Utility Company. (C) Landlord shall not discontinue furnishing electricity to the Premises as contemplated by this Section 5.3(D) (to the extent permitted by applicable Requirements) until Tenant obtains electric service directly from the Utility Company. Article 6 INITIAL CONDITION OF THE PREMISES 6.1. Condition of Premises. Subject to Section 8.1 hereof, (a) Tenant shall accept possession of the Premises in the condition that exists on the Commencement Date "as is," and (b) Landlord shall have no obligation to perform any work or make any installations in order to prepare the Building or the Premises for Tenant's occupancy. Except as expressly set forth herein, Landlord has made no representations or promises with respect to the Building, the Real Property or the Premises. Article 7 ALTERATIONS 7.1. General. (A) Except as otherwise provided in this Article 7, Tenant shall not make any Alterations without Landlord's prior consent. (B) The term "Alterations" shall mean alterations, installations, improvements, additions or other physical changes (other than decorations) in each case in or to the Premises that are made by or on behalf of Tenant or any other Person claiming by, through or under Tenant. (C) The term "Initial Alterations" shall mean the Alterations to prepare the Premises for Tenant's initial occupancy. (D) The term "Specialty Alterations" shall mean Alterations that (i) perforate a floor slab in the Premises, (ii) require the reinforcement of a floor slab in the Premises, (iii) consist of the installation of a raised flooring system, (iv) consist of the installation of a vault or other similar device or system that is intended to secure the Premises or a portion thereof in a manner that exceeds the level of security that a reasonable Person uses for ordinary office space, or (v) involve material plumbing connections (such as kitchens and executive bathrooms outside of the Building core) (it being understood that a customary office pantry shall not constitute a Specialty Alteration for purposes hereof). (E) The term "Substantial Completion" or words of similar import shall mean that the applicable work has been substantially completed in accordance with the applicable plans and specifications, if any, it being agreed that (i) such work shall be deemed substantially complete notwithstanding the fact that minor or insubstantial details of construction or demolition, mechanical adjustment or decorative items remain to be performed, and (ii) with respect to work that is being performed by Landlord, such work shall be deemed substantially complete only if the incomplete elements thereof do not interfere materially with Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises for the conduct of business. (F) The term "Tenant's Property" shall mean Tenant's personal property (other than fixtures), including, without limitation, Tenant's movable fixtures, movable partitions, telephone equipment, furniture, furnishings and decorations. 7.2. Basic Alterations and Minor Alterations. (A) Subject to the provisions of this Section 7.2, Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay its consent to any proposed Alteration, provided that such Alteration (i) is not visible in any material respect, at street level, from the outside of the Building, (ii) does not affect adversely any part of the Building other than the Premises, (iii) does not require any alterations, installations, improvements, additions or other physical changes to be performed in or made to any portion of the Building other than the Premises (other than de minimis changes that are typical for ordinary office installations), (iv) does not affect adversely the proper functioning of any Building System, (v) does not reduce the value or utility of the Building, (vi) does not affect the structure of the Building, (vii) does not impede Landlord's access to Reserved Areas in any material respect, and (viii) does not violate or render invalid the certificate of occupancy for the Building or any part thereof (any Alteration that satisfies the requirements described in clauses (i) through (viii) above being referred to herein as a "Basic Alteration "). (B) Tenant shall not be required to obtain Landlord's prior consent to a particular Basic Alteration if the sum of (X) the "hard" construction cost of such Basic Alteration, and (Y) the "hard" construction cost of any other Basic Alterations performed during the immediately preceding period of twelve (12) months without Landlord's consent as contemplated by this Section 7.2(B), does not exceed the Minor Alterations Threshold (any such Basic Alteration for which Landlord's prior approval is not required being referred to herein as a "Minor Alteration"). The term "Minor Alterations Threshold" shall mean Twenty-Five Thousand Dollars ($25,000), except that on each anniversary of the Commencement Date, the Minor Alterations Threshold shall be adjusted to reflect the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index from the Consumer Price Index that is in effect on the Commencement Date. Nothing contained in this Section 7.2(B) limits Tenant's liability to Landlord if (i) Tenant performs an Alteration without Landlord's consent, and (ii) it is determined ultimately that such Alteration does not constitute a Minor Alteration. (C) Nothing contained in this Section 7.2 limits the provisions of Section 7.12 hereof. 7.3. Approval Process. (A) Tenant shall not perform any Alteration unless Tenant first gives to Landlord a notice thereof (an "Alterations Notice") that (i) refers specifically to this Section 7.3, (ii) includes six (6) copies of the plans and specifications for the proposed Alteration (including, without limitation, layout, architectural, mechanical and structural drawings, to the extent applicable) in CADD format that contain sufficient detail for Landlord and Landlord's consultants to reasonably assess the proposed Alteration, (iii) indicates whether Tenant considers the proposed Alterations to constitute a Basic Alteration, (iv) indicates whether Tenant considers the proposed Alteration to constitute a Minor Alteration and whether Tenant intends to perform the proposed Alteration without Landlord's consent as contemplated by this Article 7, and (v) includes with such notice a bona fide estimate issued by a reputable and independent construction company of the "hard" construction cost of performing the proposed Alteration (if Tenant considers the proposed Alteration to constitute a Minor Alteration and plans to perform such Alteration without Landlord's consent). (B) If (x) Tenant gives Landlord an Alterations Notice, (y) Tenant, in the Alterations Notice, does not indicate that Tenant plans to perform the applicable Alteration without Landlord's consent, and (z) Landlord fails to respond to the Alterations Notice within fifteen (15) Business Days after the date that Tenant gives the Alterations Notice to Landlord, then Landlord shall be deemed to have consented to such Alteration. (C) Landlord shall have the right to object to a proposed Alteration only by giving notice thereofto Tenant, and setting forth in such notice a statement in reasonable detail of the grounds for Landlord's objections. (D) Landlord shall have the right to (a) disapprove any plans and specifications for a particular Alteration in part, (b) reserve Landlord's approval of items shown on such plans and specifications pending Landlord's review of other plans and specifications, and (c) condition Landlord's approval of such plans and specifications upon Tenant's making revisions to the plans and specifications or supplying additional information. (E) Tenant acknowledges that (i) the review of plans or specifications for an Alteration by or on behalf of Landlord, or (ii) the preparation of plans or specifications for an Alteration by Landlord's architect or engineer (or any architect or engineer designated by Landlord), is solely for Landlord's benefit, and, accordingly, Landlord makes no representation or warranty that such plans or specifications comply with any Requirements or are otherwise adequate or correct. 7.4. Performance of Alterations. (A) Tenant, at Tenant's expense, prior to the performance of any Alteration, shall obtain all permits, approvals and certificates required by any Governmental Authorities in connection therewith. Landlord shall have the right to require Tenant to make all filings with Governmental Authorities to obtain such permits, approvals and certificates using an expeditor designated reasonably by Landlord (provided that the charges imposed by such expeditor are commercially reasonable). Upon the request of Tenant, Landlord shall join in any applications for any permits, approvals or certificates required to be obtained by Tenant in connection with any permitted Alteration (provided that the applicable Requirement requires Landlord to join in such application) and shall otherwise cooperate with Tenant in connection therewith. Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for any reasonable out-of-pocket costs, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements, that Landlord incurs in so joining in such applications and cooperating with Tenant, within thirty (30) days after the date that Landlord gives to Tenant an invoice therefor from time to time. (B) Prior to performing any Alteration, Tenant shall also furnish to Landlord duplicate original policies of, or, at Tenant's option, certificates of, (1) worker's compensation insurance in amounts not less than the statutory limits (covering all persons to be employed by Tenant, and Tenant's contractors and subcontractors, in connection with such Alteration), and (2) commercial general liability insurance (including property damage and bodily injury coverage), in each case in customary form, and in amounts that are not less than Five Million Dollars ($5,000,000) with respect to general contractors and One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) with respect to subcontractors, naming the Landlord Indemnitees as additional insureds; provided, however, that on each anniversary of the Commencement Date, the aforesaid amounts shall be adjusted to reflect the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index from the Consumer Price Index that is in effect on the Commencement Date. (C) Upon completion of each Alteration, Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall (1) obtain certificates of final approval for each Alteration to the extent required by any Governmental Authority, (2) furnish Landlord with copies of such certificates, and (3) give to Landlord copies of the "as-built" plans and specifications for such Alterations in CADD format. (D) All Alterations shall be made and performed substantially in accordance with the plans and specifications therefor as approved by Landlord (to the extent such approval of Landlord is required under this Article 7), all Requirements and the Rules. All materials and equipment incorporated in the Premises as a result of any Alterations shall be first-quality. (E) Subject to the terms of this Section 7.4(E), Landlord shall deliver to Tenant, in connection with Tenant's applications to the applicable Governmental Authority for a building permit regarding any Alterations, a Form ACP-5, duly executed by an appropriate party and covering the Premises. If (x) any asbestos or asbestos-containing materials are located in the Premises, and (y) applicable Requirements mandate that such asbestos or asbestos-containing materials be abated in connection with any Alteration that Tenant proposes to perform, then Landlord, at Landlord's expense, shall perform such abatement, with reasonable diligence, in accordance with good construction practice and in compliance with all applicable Requirements (it being agreed that Landlord's obligation to deliver such Form ACP-5 shall be adjourned until Landlord performs such abatement). Landlord shall not be required to (A) deliver such Form ACP-5 for the portion of the Premises in which Tenant, or any Person claiming by, through or under Tenant, installs asbestos or asbestos-containing materials from and after the Commencement Date, or (B) remove any such asbestos or asbestos-containing materials to the extent that such asbestos or asbestos-containing materials are installed in the Premises by Tenant, or any other Person claiming by, throllgh or under Tenant, after the Commencement Date. (F) Landlord represents to Tenant that to the actual knowledge of the individuals who are Landlord's employees and who perform construction, management or leasing functions for the Building (without having performed any independent investigation) (i) there do not exist as of the date hereof any violations of applicable Requirements in the Building that are reasonably likely to have any material and adverse effect on Tenant's performance of the Initial Alterations or Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises for the conduct of business (once Tenant completes the Initial Alterations), and (ii) there does not exist in the Premises any asbestos or asbestos-containing materials. 7.5. Financial Integrity. (A) (1) Tenant shall not permit any materials or equipment that are incorporated as fixtures into the Premises in connection with any Alterations to be subject to any lien, encumbrance, chattel mortgage or title retention or security agreement. (2) Tenant shall discharge any mechanic's lien that is filed against the Real Property for work claimed to have been done for, or for materials claimed to have been furnished to, Tenant (or any Person claiming by, through or under Tenant) within ten (10) days after Tenant has received notice thereof, at Tenant's expense, by payment or filing the bond required by law. . (B) Subject to the terms of this Section 7.5(B), within thirty (30) days after the Substantial Completion of any Alterations, Tenant shall deliver to Landlord: (i) waivers of lien from all contractors, subcontractors, materialmen, architects, engineers and other Persons who may file a lien against the Real Property in connection with such Alterations, and (ii) a certificate from a licensed architect that Tenant engages in accordance with the terms of this Article 7 certifying that, in his or her opinion, the Alterations have been completed in accordance with the final detailed plans and specifications for such Alterations as approved by Landlord. Tenant shall not be required to deliver to Landlord any waiver of lien if Tenant is disputing in good faith the payment which would otherwise entitle Tenant to such waiver, provided that (x) Tenant keeps Landlord advised in a timely fashion of the status of such dispute and the basis therefor, and (y) Tenant delivers to Landlord the waiver of lien promptly after the date that the dispute is settled. Nothing contained in this Section 7.5(B), however, shall relieve Tenant from complying with the provisions of Section 7.5(A)(2) hereof. 7.6. Effect on Building. If (i) as a result of any Alterations, any alterations, installations, improvements, additions or other physical changes are required to be performed in or made to any portion of the Building other than the Premises in order to comply with any Requirements (any such alterations, installations, improvements, additions or changes being referred to herein as a "Building Change"), (ii) such Alteration (or a portion thereof) is of a nature that would not ordinarily be expected to be constructed in premises that are used for ordinary office purposes, and (iii) such Building Change would not otherwise have had to be performed or made pursuant to applicable Requirements at such time, then (x) Landlord may perform such Building Change, and (y) Tenant shall pay to Landlord the reasonable costs thereof, as additional rent, within thirty (30) days after Landlord gives to Tenant an invoice therefor. 7.7. Time for Performance of Alterations. If the performance of any Alteration by or on behalf of Tenant, or any other Person claiming by, through or under Tenant, during Building Hours interferes with or interrupts the maintenance, repair, management or operation of the Building in any material respect or interferes with or interrupts the use and occupancy of the Building by other tenants in the Building in any material respect, then Landlord shall have the right to require Tenant to perform such Alteration at other times that Landlord reasonably designates from time to time. 7.8. Removal of Alterations and Tenant's Property. On or prior to the Expiration Date, Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall remove Tenant's Property from the Premises, and, at Tenant's option, Tenant also may remove, at Tenant's expense, all Alterations made by or on behalf of Tenant or any other Person claiming by, through or under Tenant; provided, however, in any case, that Tenant shall repair and restore in a good and workerlike manner to good condition any damage to the Premises or the Building caused by such removal. Landlord, upon notice to Tenant given at least thirty (30) days prior to the Expiration Date, may require Tenant to remove any Specialty Alterations from the Premises, and to repair and restore in a good and workerlike manner to good condition any damage to the Premises or the Building caused by such removal. If (x) the Expiration Date is not the Fixed Expiration Date, and (y) Landlord gives a notice to Tenant on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day after the Expiration Date to the effect that Landlord does not wish to retain a particular Specialty Alteration, then Tenant shall pay to Landlord the reasonable costs incurred by Landlord in so removing such Specialty Alterations, and in so repairing and restoring any such damage to the Building or the Premises, within thirty (30) days after Landlord submits to Tenant an invoice therefor. Any Alterations that remain in the Premises after the Expiration Date shall be deemed to be the property of Landlord (with the understanding, however, that Tenant shall remain liable to Landlord for any default of Tenant in respect of Tenant's obligations under this Section 7.8). 7.9. Contractors and Supervision. All Alterations shall be performed only under the supervision of a licensed architect that is approved by Landlord, which approval Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay. Subject to the provisions of this Section 7.9, Tenant shall perform all Alterations using, at Tenant's option, either (i) contractors, subcontractors and mechanics that in each case are designated from time to time by Landlord, or (ii) contractors, subcontractors or mechanics that in each case are designated by Tenant and approved by Landlord, which approval Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay. If an Alteration affects a Building System, then (i) Tenant shall engage to perform such Alteration (or the applicable portion thereof that affects such Building System) a contractor from a list of at least three (3) contractors for the applicable trade as designated reasonably by Landlord, and (ii) Tenant shall engage an engineer designated reasonably by Landlord to design such Alteration (or the applicable portion thereof that affects such Building System) (it being understood that any such contractor or engineer that charges Tenant at rates that are not competitive or are not commercially reasonable shall be deemed to be not designated reasonably by Landlord). Landlord shall give Tenant notice of such contractors and such engineer designated by Landlord promptly after Tenant's request therefor from time to time. 7.10. Landlord's Expenses. Tenant shall pay to Landlord, from time to time, as additional rent, the reasonable out-of-pocket costs incurred by Landlord to third parties in connection with an Alteration (including, without limitation, costs that Landlord incurs in reviewing the plans and specifications for such Alterations, and inspecting the progress of such Alterations), within thirty (30) days after Landlord gives Tenant an invoice therefor. 7.11. Pantry. Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay Landlord's approval of an Alteration consisting of the installation of a pantry in the Premises for the purpose of warming food for the officers, employees and business guests of Ten ant (but not for use as a public restaurant). Any vending machines that Tenant installs in the Premises shall have a waterproof pan located thereunder, connected to a drain. 7.12. Window Coverings. Tenant shall install on the windows of the Premises only the curtains, blinds, shades or screens that Landlord approves, which approval Landlord shall not umeasonably withhold, condition or delay (it being understood that Landlord, in considering whether to grant such approval, shall have the right to take into account the impact of Tenant's proposed installation on the exterior appearance of the Building). 7.13. Tenant Fund. (A) Subject to the terms of this Section 7.13, Landlord shall pay to or on behalf of Tenant an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying (x) Sixty Dollars and No Cents ($60.00), by (y) the number of square feet of Rentable Area comprising the Premises (the "Tenant Fund") for the costs that Tenant incurs in performing the Initial Alterations. Tenant may use no more than ten percent (10%) ofthe Tenant Fund for costs that Tenant incurs in connection with the Initial Alterations that do not constitute "hard" construction costs, including, without limitation, architect's and engineer's fees, permit fees, expediter's fees and designers' fees in each case relating to the Initial Alterations (such costs which do not constitute the "hard" construction costs of the Initial Alterations being collectively referred to herein as "Soft Costs"). (B) Tenant may request disbursements of the Tenant Fund only by delivering to Landlord a Disbursement Request. Subject to the terms of this Section 7.13, Landlord shall disburse a portion ofthe Tenant Fund to Tenant from time to time, within thirty (30) days after the date that Tenant gives to Landlord the applicable Disbursement Request. Tenant shall not be entitled to any disbursements ofthe Tenant Fund if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing. If a particular Disbursement Request requests Landlord to disburse more than fifty percent (50%) of the Tenant Fund, then Landlord shall not be required to make the disbursement of the Tenant Fund that is contemplated thereby unless all contractors, subcontractors, materialmen, architects, engineers and other Persons who may file a lien against the Real Property in connection with the performance of the Initial Alterations provide to Landlord waivers of lien concurrently with such disbursement of the Tenant Fund. Landlord shall not be required to make disbursements of the Tenant Fund more frequently than once during any particular calendar month. Tenant shall not have the right to request disbursements of the Tenant Fund in an amount that is greater than the excess of (I) the aggregate amounts that Tenant has theretofore paid or that then remain payable in each case to Tenant's contractors, subcontractors, materialmen, suppliers or consultants, as the case may be, for either (a) materials that have been delivered to the Premises for the Initial Alterations, (b) labor that has been performed in the Premises for the Initial Alterations, or (c) the services from which are derived Soft Costs that have been performed for the Initial Alterations, as the case may be, over (II) the aggregate amount of disbursements theretofore made by Landlord from the Tenant Fund (such excess at any particular time being referred to herein as the "Maximum Disbursement Amount"). Tenant shall not be entitled to a disbursement from the Tenant Fund on account of Soft Costs unless and until Tenant has received its first disbursement of the Tenant Fund for the cost of the Initial Alterations (other than Soft Costs). (C) The term "Disbursement Request" shall mean a request for a disbursement of the Tenant Fund signed by the chief financial officer of Tenant (or another officer of Tenant who performs the functions ordinarily performed by a chief financial officer), together with: (1) such officer's certification that the amount so requested does not exceed the Maximum Disbursement Amount, (2) copies of reasonable documentation (such as bills and invoices) that indicate that the applicable work has been completed, the applicable materials have been furnished, or the applicable services have been performed, as the case may be, and (3) waivers of lien from all contractors, subcontractors, materialmen, architects, engineers and other Persons who may file a lien against the Real Property in connection with the performance of the Initial Alterations, and for which previous disbursements of the Tenant Fund has been made (except to the extent Tenant gave such waivers of lien to Landlord in connection with a prior Disbursement Request). (4) in connection with a disbursement of the Tenant Fund for costs which do not constitute Soft Costs, a certificate of Tenant's licensed architect that Tenant engages in accordance with the terms of this Article 7 stating that, in his or her opinion, the portion of the Initial Alterations theretofore completed and for which the disbursement is requested was performed in a good and workerlike manner and substantially in accordance with the plans and specifications for such Initial Alterations, as approved by Landlord. (D) Landlord makes no representation or warranty that the Tenant Fund is sufficient to pay the cost of the Initial Alterations. Tenant shall pay the amount of any excess of the cost of the Initial Alterations over the Tenant Fund. (E) If (i) Tenant has theretofore completed the Initial Alterations, (ii) Tenant has theretofore paid (or paid from the proceeds of the Tenant Fund) the cost of the Initial Alterations in full, (iii) Tenant then occupies the Premises for the conduct of business, (iv) Tenant has not theretofore given to Landlord Disbursement Requests for the entire Tenant Fund, (v) Tenant has paid the first monthly installment of Fixed Rent due hereunder, and (vi) an Event of Default has not occurred and is not continuing, then Landlord shall pay to Tenant the portion of the Tenant Fund that remains undisbursed, within thirty (30) days after Tenant gives Landlord a request therefor. (F) If (i) Landlord fails to make a disbursement of the Tenant Fund when due, and (ii) such failure continues for more than ten (10) days after the date that Tenant gives Landlord notice thereof, then Tenant shall have the right to offset against the Rental due hereunder the amount that Landlord so fails to disburse to Tenant, together with interest thereon calculated at the Applicable Rate for the period beginning on the date that such disbursement first became due to Tenant, and ending on the date that Tenant uses such credit. (G) Landlord and Tenant acknowledge the Initial Alterations shall constitute the property of Landlord to the extent that Tenant performs such Initial Alterations using the proceeds of the Tenant Fund as provided in this Section 7.13, subject, nevertheless, to Tenant's rights to use such Initial Alterations as part of the Premises during the Term in accordance with the terms of this Lease. 7.14. Air-Cooled HV AC Installations. Tenant shall not have the right to install a supplementary HV AC system for the Premises that requires vents or louvers to be installed on the exterior of the Building. 7.15. Fire Alarm Points. Landlord shall provide Tenant with access to ten (10) connection points to the Building System that constitutes the fire alarm system, with the understanding, however, that Landlord shall have the right to devote such connection points to meet other requirements in the Building to the extent that Tenant does not use all ten (10) connection points in connection with the Initial Alterations. Article 8 REPAIRS 8.1. Landlord's Repairs. Subject to the terms of this Article 8 and to Article 15 hereof and Article 16 hereof, Landlord shall maintain and make all necessary repairs to (i) the Building Systems that service the Premises, (ii) the structural portions of the Building, (iii) the roof of the Building, (iv) the sidewalks that are adjacent to the Building, (v) the exterior walls of the Premises, (vi) the windows of the Premises, and (vii) the public portions of the Building, in each case in conformity with the standards that are customary for first-class office buildings in the vicinity of the Building. Nothing contained in this Section 8.1 shall require Landlord to maintain or repair the systems within the Premises that distribute within the Premises electricity, HV AC or water. Landlord acknowledges that Landlord's repair obligations under this Section 8.1 require Landlord to keep the exterior windows of the Premises watertight. 8.2. Tenant's Repairs. (A) Subject to the terms of this Article 8 and to Article 15 hereof and Article 16 hereof, Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall take good care of the Premises (including, without limitation, (i) the fixtures and equipment that are installed in the Premises on the Commencement Date, (ii) the Alterations, and (iii) the systems within the Premises that distribute within the Premises electricity, HV AC or water). Tenant shall make all repairs to the Premises as and when needed to preserve the Premises in good condition, except for reasonable wear and tear, obsolescence and damage for which Tenant is not responsible pursuant to the provisions of Article 15 hereof. Nothing contained in this Section 8.2(A) shall require Tenant to perform any repairs to the Premises that are Landlord's obligation to perform under Section 8.1 hereof. All repairs made by Tenant as contemplated by this Section 8.2(A) shall be in conformity with the standards that are customary for first-class office buildings in the vicinity of the Building. Tenant shall perform such repairs in accordance with the terms of Article 7 hereof. (B) Subject to the terms of this Section 8.2(B), if (a) Landlord gives Tenant a notice that Tenant has failed to perform a repair that this Section 8.2 obligates Tenant to perform, and (b) Tenant fails to proceed with reasonable diligence to make such repair within twenty (20) days after the date that Landlord gives such notice to Tenant (or such shorter period that Landlord designates in such notice to the extent reasonably required under the circumstances to alleviate an imminent threat to persons or property), then (i) Landlord may make such repair, and (ii) Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent, the reasonable expenses thereof, with interest thereon at the Applicable Rate calculated from the date that Landlord incurs such expenses, within thirty (30) days after Landlord gives Tenant an invoice therefor. Nothing contained in this Section 8.2(B) limits the remedies that are available to Landlord after the occurrence of an Event of Default. 8.3. Certain Limitations. (A) Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall repair in accordance with the terms set forth in Section 8.2 hereof all damage to the Premises, or to any other part of the Building or the Building Systems, in each case to the extent resulting from the carelessness, neglect or improper conduct of, or Alterations made by, Tenant or any other Person claiming by, through or under Tenant; provided, however, that Landlord shall have the right to perform any such repair to the extent that such repair affects the structure of the Building or such repair affects any Building System, in which case Tenant shall pay to Landlord an amount equal to the costs that Landlord reasonably incurs in performing such repair, on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day after the date that Landlord gives to Tenant an invoice therefor. Nothing contained in this Section 8.3(A) limits the provisions of Section 14.3 hereof. (B) Landlord shall repair all damage to the Premises that results from Landlord's carelessness, neglect or improper conduct. Nothing contained in this Section 8.3(B) limits the provisions of Section 14.3 hereof. 8.4. Overtime. Subject to the provisions of this Section 8.4, Landlord shall have no obligation to employ contractors or labor at overtime or premium pay rates in connection with (x) Landlord's making repairs as contemplated by this Article 8, or (y) Landlord's performing the work for which Landlord requires a Work Access. If the condition that Landlord is required to repair, or the work for which Landlord requires a Work Access, (i) denies Tenant from having reasonable access to the Premises, (ii) threatens the health or safety of any occupant of the Premises, or (iii) materially interferes with Tenant's ability to conduct its business in the Premises during Tenant's ordinary business hours, then Landlord shall employ contractors or labor at overtime or premium pay rates to the extent reasonably necessary. Landlord, at Tenant's request, shall also perform (a) any other repair that this Article 8 requires Landlord to perform, or (b) any other work for which Landlord requires a Work Access, using contractors or labor at overtime or premium pay rates, in which case Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent, an amount equal to the excess of (x) the costs that Landlord incurs in performing such repair or such work (using contractors or labor at overtime or premium pay rates), over (y) the costs that Landlord would have incurred in performing such repair or such work without using contractors at overtime or premium pay rates, within thirty (30) days after the date that Landlord gives to Tenant an invoice therefor (it being understood that if more than one tenant requests that Landlord perform any such repair using contractors or labor at overtime or premium pay rates, then Landlord shall allocate such costs among such tenants equitably). Article 9 ACCESS: LANDLORD'S CHANGES 9.1. Access. Subject to the terms of this Section 9.1, Landlord and Landlord's designees may enter the Premises at reasonable times upon reasonable prior notice to Tenant (which notice may be given verbally to the person employed by Tenant with whom Landlord's representative ordinarily discusses matters relating to the Premises) to (i) examine the Premises, (ii) show the Premises to prospective tenants during the last twelve (12) months of the Tenn, (iii) show the Premises to prospective purchasers or master lessees of Landlord's interest in the Real Property, (iv) show the Premises to Mortgagees or Lessors (or prospective Mortgagees or Lessors), (v) gain access to Reserved Areas, or (vi) make repairs, alterations, improvements, additions or restorations that (I) Landlord is required to make pursuant to the terms of this Lease, or (II) are reasonably necessary in connection with the maintenance, repair, or operation of the Real Property (Landlord's entry upon the Premises to perform such repairs, alterations, improvements, additions or restorations being referred to herein as a "Work Access"). Landlord shall not be required to give Tenant advance notice of the entry by Landlord or Landlord's designees into the Premises as contemplated by this Section 9.1 to the extent necessary by reason of the occurrence of an emergency. Landlord, in connection with a Work Access, shall have the right to bring into the Premises, and store in the Premises in a reasonable manner for the duration of the Work Access, one (1) day's supply of the materials and tools that Landlord reasonably requires to perform the applicable repair, alteration, improvement, addition or restoration. Landlord shall have no liability to Tenant for any loss sustained by Tenant by reason of Landlord's entry upon the Premises; provided, however, that (x) subject to Section 14.3 hereof, Landlord shall remain liable to Tenant for personal injury or property damage that derives from Landlord's negligence or wilful misconduct in connection with any such entry upon the Premises, (y) nothing contained in this Section 9.1 limits Tenant's rights to an abatement of Rental after a fire or other casualty as provided herein, and (z) nothing contained in this Section 9.1 limits Tenant's rights to an abatement of Rental as provided in Section 10.3 hereof. Landlord shall not have the right to access the Secure Area as provided in this Section 9.1 except to the extent that (x) Landlord requires such access as a Work Access, or (y) Landlord requires such access to gain entry to a Reserved Area (and Landlord has no other means to access such Reserved Area on a commercially reasonable basis). 9.2. Landlord's Obligation to Minimize Interference. Subject to Section 8.4 hereof, Landlord shall use commercially reasonable efforts to minimize interference with Tenant's use of the Premises in connection with Landlord's accessing the Premises as contemplated by Section 9.1 hereof. 9.3. Reserved Areas. The Premises shall not include (i) the demising walls of the Premises (except for the interior face thereof), (ii) the walls of the Premises that constitute the curtain wall for the Building (except for the interior face thereof), (iii) balconies, terraces and roofs that are adjacent to the Premises, and (iv) space that is used for Building Systems or other purposes associated with the operation, repair, management or maintenance of the Real Property, including, without limitation, shafts, stacks, stairways, chutes, pipes, conduits, ducts, fan rooms, mechanical rooms, plumbing facilities, and service closets (the areas described in clauses (iii) and (iv) above being collectively referred to herein as the "Reserved Areas"). Tenant shall have the right to access at reasonable times the Reserved Areas that are immediately adjacent to the Premises for reasonable purposes associated with the performance of Alterations or Tenant's maintenance and repair of the Premises by giving reasonable advance notice thereof to Landlord, with the understanding, however, that (i) Tenant's right to so access the Reserved Areas shall be subject to the rights of third parties and to the operational requirements of the Building, and (ii) nothing contained in this Section 9.3 gives Tenant the right to make any Alterations in the Reserved Areas. 9.4. Ducts, Pipes and Conduits. Landlord shall have the right to install, use and maintain ducts, pipes and conduits in and through the Premises, provided that (a) such ducts, pipes and conduits are installed on partitioning columns or ceilings, (b) such ducts, pipes and conduits do not reduce the Usable Area of the Premises by more than a de minimis amount, and (c) Landlord installs such ducts, pipes and conduits in a manner that minimizes, to the extent reasonably practicable, any adverse effect on an Alteration theretofore performed in the Premises. 9.5. Keys. Tenant shall provide Landlord, from time to time, with the keys to the Premises (or with the appropriate means to access the Premises using Tenant's electronic security systems); provided, however, that Tenant shall not be required to give Landlord the keys for (or such other appropriate means of access for) any portion of the Premises that (x) is not larger than twenty five percent (25%) of the Rentable Area of the Premises, and (y) Tenant uses for the processing or storage of cash, marketable securities, confidential financial information or similar instruments (any such portion of the Premises as described in clause (x) and clause (y) above being referred to herein as the "Secure Area"). 9.6. Landlord's Changes. (A) Landlord, from time to time, shall have the right to change the arrangement or location of the public portions of the Building, including, without limitation, lobbies, entrances, passageways, doors, corridors, stairs and toilets that in each case are not located in the Premises, provided any such change does not (a) unreasonably reduce or unreasonably interfere with Tenant's access to the Building or the Premises, or (b) reduce the floor area of the Premises (except to a de minimis extent). (B) Landlord, from time to time, shall have the right to change, or reduce the number of, the passenger or freight elevators serving the Premises, provided that such change or reduction does not reduce to a material extent the passenger or freight elevator service standards that the passenger and freight elevators meet on the date hereof. (C) Landlord, from time to time, shall have the right to change the name, number or designation by which the Building is commonly known. (1) Landlord shall have the right, from time to time, to close, obstruct or darken the windows of the Premises temporarily to the extent required to comply with a Requirement or to perform repairs, maintenance, alterations, or improvements to the Building. Landlord shall have the right to close, obstruct or darken the windows of the Premises permanently to the extent required to comply with a Requirement that does not become applicable to the Building by virtue of Landlord's performance of elective construction. (2) If, at any time, the windows of the Premises are closed, obstructed or darkened temporarily, as aforesaid, then Landlord shall perform (or cause to be performed) such repairs, maintenance, alterations or improvements, or shall comply with the applicable Requirement (or cause such Requirement to be complied with), in each case with reasonable diligence, and otherwise take such action as may be reasonably necessary to minimize the period during which such windows are temporarily closed, obstructed or darkened (it being understood, however, that subject to Section 8.4 hereof, Landlord shall not be required to perform such repairs, maintenance, alterations or improvements using contractors or labor at overtime or premium pay rates). 9.7. Re-Entry Floor. Landlord shall not have the right to designate the eighteenth (18th) floor of the Building as a re-entry floor under the Requirements that are in effect as of the date hereof. Tenant acknowledges, however, that Landlord shall have the right to so designate the eighteenth (18th) floor of the Building as a re-entry floor to the extent required by Requirements that are adopted from and after the date hereof. Article 10 UNAVOIDABLE DELAYS AND INTERRUPTION OF SERVICE 10.1. Unavoidable Delays. Subject to Section 10.3 hereof, Article 15 hereof and Article 16 hereof, this Lease and the obligation of Tenant to pay Rental hereunder and to perform all of Tenant's other covenants shall not be affected, impaired or excused, and Landlord shall not have any liability to Tenant, to the extent that Landlord is unable to perform Landlord's covenants under this Lease by reason of any cause beyond Landlord's reasonable control, including, without limitation, strikes, labor troubles, acts of terrorism or the occurrence of an act of God. 10.2. Interruption of Services. Subject to Section 10.3 hereof, Landlord, from time to time, shall have the right to interrupt or curtail the level of service provided by the Building Systems to the extent reasonably necessary to accommodate the performance of repairs, additions, alterations, replacements or improvements that in Landlord's reasonable judgment are desirable or necessary. Landlord shall use Landlord's diligent efforts to schedule any such interruption or curtailment at times that minimizes, to the extent reasonably practicable, the effect of such interruption or curtailment on Tenant's ability to conduct its business in the Premises during Tenant's ordinary business hours. If such interruption or curtailment of the level of service provided by the Building Systems (i) denies Tenant from having reasonable access to the Premises, (ii) threatens the health or safety of any occupant of the Premises, or (iii) materially interferes with Tenant's ability to conduct its business in the Premises during Tenant's ordinary business hours, then Landlord shall employ contractors or labor at overtime or premium pay rates to the extent reasonably necessary. 10.3. Rent Credit. Subject to the terms of this Section 10.3, if (I) (i) Landlord fails to perform Landlord's covenants hereunder, (ii) Landlord interrupts or curtails the level of service provided by Building Systems as contemplated by Section 10.2 hereof, or (iii) Landlord performs repairs, alterations, improvements, additions or restorations in the Building, and (II) Tenant, by reason of the event described in clause (I) above, is unable for at least seven (7) consecutive Business Days to operate Tenant's business in the Premises (or a portion thereof) in substantially the same manner that Tenant conducted its business prior to such event, then Tenant shall be entitled to a credit to apply against the Fixed Rent and the Escalation Rent thereafter coming due hereunder in an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying (I) the quotient obtained by dividing (a) the sum of the Fixed Rent and the Escalation Rent for the Premises, by (b) three hundred sixty-five (365) (or three hundred sixty-six (366) in a leap year), by (c) the number of square feet of Rentable Area in the Premises, by (II) the number of square feet of Rentable Area of the portion of the Premises which is unusable, as aforesaid, by (III) the number of days in the period commencing on (and including) the date immediately following the date that is seven (7) Business Days and ending on the date that such portion of the Premises becomes usable. Landlord acknowledges that the parties will determine whether Tenant is unable to conduct its business for at least seven (7) Business Days as described in this Section 10.3 by ignoring intervening days that are not Business Days (so that, for example, if Tenant is unable to so conduct its business for a period that starts on Thursday of a particular week, and continues for Friday of such week and Monday of the following week, then such inability shall be deemed to have continued for a period of three (3) consecutive Business Days). If (x) Tenant is entitled to a credit against Rental pursuant to this Section 10.3, and (y) the Expiration Date occurs prior to the date that such credit is exhausted, then Landlord shall pay to Tenant the unused portion of such credit on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day after the Expiration Date (and Landlord's obligation to make such payment shall survive the Expiration Date). Landlord shall have the right to require Tenant to limit the amount of any credit that Tenant applies against a particular installment of the Fixed Rent and the Escalation Rent that is otherwise due hereunder to twenty-five percent (25%) of the applicable installment of the Fixed Rent and the Escalation Rent that is payable hereunder for the entire Premises. If Landlord so requires Tenant to limit the amount of any such credit that Tenant applies against any particular installment of the Fixed Rent and the Escalation Rent, then Tenant shall have the right to apply the unused portion of such credit against subsequent payments of the Fixed Rent and the Escalation Rent due hereunder (together with interest thereon that is calculated at the Applicable Rate for the period commencing on the date that Tenant would have applied such credit against the Fixed Rent and the Escalation Rent due hereunder but for Landlord's aforesaid right to limit Tenant's use thereof and ending on the date that Tenant so applies such credit), until such credit is exhausted (subject, however, to Landlord's aforesaid right to limit the aggregate amount of any such credit that Tenant uses to no more than twenty-five percent (25%) of the applicable installment of the Fixed Rent and the Escalation Rent that is payable hereunder for the entire remises). This Section 10.3 shall not apply in respect of the occurrence of a fire or other casualty or in respect of a condemnation. This Section 10.3 shall not limit the provisions of Section 5.2 hereof. Article 11 REQUIREMENTS 11.1. Tenant's Obligation to Comply with Requirements. (A) Subject to the terms of this Article 11, Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall comply with all Requirements applicable to the Premises, including, without limitation, (i) Requirements that are applicable to the performance of Alterations, (ii) Requirements that become applicable by reason of Alterations having been performed, and (iii) Requirements that are applicable by reason of the specific nature or type of business operated by Tenant (or any other Person claiming by, through or under Tenant) in the Premises. Tenant shall not be required to make any Alteration to the Building or to the Building Systems in either case to comply with any Requirement unless (a) such Alteration is required by reason of Alterations having been performed by Tenant (or another Person claiming by, through or under Tenant), or (b) such Alteration is required by reason of the specific nature of the use of the Premises by Tenant (or such other Person) (as opposed to the use of the Premises for the general purposes otherwise permitted under Section 3.1 hereof). (B) The term "Requirements" shall mean, collectively, (i) all present and future laws, rules, orders, ordinances, regulations, statutes, requirements, codes and executive orders of all Governmental Authorities, and of any applicable fire rating bureau, or other body exercising similar functions, and (ii) all requirements that the issuer of Landlord's Property Policy imposes (including, without limitation, any such requirements that such issuer requires as the basis for the premium that such issuer charges Landlord for Landlord's Property Policy), provided that such requirements that the issuer of Landlord's Property Policy imposes are reasonably consistent with the requirements imposed by reputable insurers of comparable properties in The City of New York. (C) The term "Governmental Authority" shall mean the United States of America, the State of New York, The City of New York, any political subdivision thereof and any agency, department, commission, board, bureau or instrumentality of any of the foregoing, or any quasi-governmental authority, now existing or hereafter created, having jurisdiction over the Real Property or any portion thereof. 11.2. Landlord's Obligation to Comply with Requirements. Landlord shall comply with all Requirements applicable to the Premises and the Building other than the Requirements with respect to which Tenant is required to comply pursuant to Section 11.1 hereof, subject, however, to Landlord's right to contest in good faith the applicability or legality thereof. 11.3. Tenant's Right to Contest Requirements. Subject to the provisions of this Section 11.3, Tenant, at Tenant's expense, may contest by appropriate proceedings prosecuted diligently and in good faith the legality or applicability of any Requirement affecting the Premises (any such proceedings instituted by Tenant being referred to herein as a "Compliance Challenge"). Tenant shall not have the right to institute a Compliance Challenge unless Tenant first gives Landlord notice thereof. Tenant shall not institute any Compliance Challenge if, by reason of Tenant's delaying its compliance with the applicable Requirement or by reason of the Compliance Challenge, (a) Landlord (or any Landlord Indemnitee) may be imprisoned, (b) the Real Property or any part thereof may be condemned or vacated, or (c) the certificate of occupancy for the Premises or the Building may be suspended. If Landlord or any Landlord Indemnitee may be subject to any civil fines or penalties or other criminal penalties or if Landlord or any Landlord Indemnitee may be liable to any third party in either case by reason of Tenant's delaying its compliance with the applicable Requirement or by reason of the Compliance Challenge, then Tenant shall furnish to Landlord a bond of a surety company reasonably satisfactory to Landlord, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Landlord, and in an amount equal to one hundred twenty percent (120%) of the sum of (A) the cost of such compliance, (B) the criminal or civil penalties or fines that may accrue by reason of such non-compliance (as reasonably estimated by Landlord), and (C) the amount of such liability to third parties (as reasonably estimated by Landlord). If Tenant initiates any Compliance Challenge, then Tenant shall keep Landlord advised regularly as to the status of such proceedings. 11.4. Certificate of Occupancy. (A) Landlord covenants that from and after the Commencement Date at all times a temporary or permanent certificate of occupancy covering the Premises (or such other certificate as may be required by Requirements from time to time to lawfully occupy the Premises) shall be in full force and effect permitting the Premises to be used for general office purposes; provided, however, that (i) nothing contained herein constitutes Landlord's covenant, representation or warranty that the Premises or any part thereof lawfullY may be used or occupied for any particular purpose or in any particular manner (other than for general office purposes), and (ii) Landlord shall have no liability to Tenant under this Section 11.4(A) to the extent such certificate of occupancy is not in full force and effect by reason of Tenant's default hereunder or by reason of Alterations. (B) Tenant shall use the Premises only in a manner that conforms with the certificate of occupancy that is in effect for the Premises. Tenant shall not have the right to amend the certificate of occupancy for the Premises or the Building without Landlord's prior approval. Landlord shall not have the right to amend the certificate of occupancy for the Premises or the Building in a manner that limits the uses to which Tenant otherwise has the right to conduct in the Premises. Article 12 QUIET ENJOYMENT 12.1. Quiet Enjoyment. Landlord covenants that Tenant may peaceably and quietly enjoy the Premises for the Term, subject, nevertheless, to the terms and conditions of this Lease. Article 13 SUBORDINATION 13.1. Subordination. (A) This Lease shall be subject and subordinate to the priority of each Superior Lease if the applicable Lessor executes and delivers to Tenant a Nondisturbance Agreement. This Lease shall be subject and subordinate to the lien of each Mortgage if the applicable Mortgagee executes and delivers to Tenant a Nondisturbance Agreement. This Lease shall be subject and subordinate to a Condominium Declaration (with the understanding that such Condominium Declaration shall not impair Tenant's rights under this Lease, or expand Tenant's obligations under this Lease, except, in either case, to a de minimis extent). Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall execute and deliver promptly a Nondisturbance Agreement that a Lessor, or a Mortgagee proposes to use and that conforms to the terms of this Article 13. (B) The term "Condominium Board" shall mean the board that governs the business and affairs of the condominium that is created by the Condominium Declaration. (C) The term "Condominium Declaration" shall mean a condominium declaration that submits the ownership of the fee interest in the Premises to a condominium form of ownership in accordance with Article 9-B of the New York Real Property Law (as such declaration may be amended from time to time). (D) The term "Lessor" shall mean a lessor under a Superior Lease. (E) The term "Mortgage" shall mean any trust indenture or mortgage which now or hereafter encumbers the Real Property, the Building or any Superior Lease and the leasehold interest created thereby. (F) The term "Mortgagee" shall mean any trustee, mortgagee or holder of a Mortgage. (G) The term "Nondisturbance Agreement" shall mean, subject to Section 13.2 hereof, an agreement, in recordable form, between a Lessor, or a Mortgagee, as the case may be, and Tenant, to the effect that (i) if there is a foreclosure of the Mortgage, then the successor to Landlord by virtue of the foreclosure will not evict Tenant, disturb Tenant's possession under this Lease, join Tenant as a party to the foreclosure proceeding (except to the extent that such joinder is required by law) or terminate or disturb Tenant's leasehold estate or rights hereunder, and will recognize Tenant as the direct tenant of such successor to Landlord on the same terms and conditions as are contained in this Lease, or (ii) if the Superior Lease terminates, then the Lessor will not evict Tenant, disturb Tenant's possession under the Lease, or terminate or disturb Tenant's leasehold estate or rights hereunder, and will recognize Tenant as the direct tenant of such Lessor on the same terms and conditions as are contained in this Lease. (H) The term "Superior Lease" shall mean any lease pursuant to which Landlord now or hereafter obtains or retains its interest in the Real Property or the Building (to the extent that Landlord's interest in the Real Property is a leasehold estate) (it being understood that Landlord may not constitute the owner of the fee estate in the Real Property). 13.2. Terms of Non disturbance Agreements. Subject to the terms of this Section 13.2, any Nondisturbance Agreement may provide that the Person that succeeds to Landlord by reason of the foreclosure of a Mortgage, or the termination of a Superior Lease, as the case may be (any such Person being referred to herein as the "Successor") shall not be: (A) liable for any act or omission of any prior landlord (including, without limitation, the then defaulting landlord), except to the extent that (i) such act or omission continues after the date that the Successor succeeds to Landlord's interest in the Real Property, and (ii) such act or omission of such prior landlord is of a nature that the Successor can cure by performing a service or making a repair, or (B) subject to any defenses or offsets that Tenant has against any prior landlord (including, without limitation, the then defaulting landlord) (except for any offsets that are expressly permitted under this Lease), or (C) bound by any payment of Rental that Tenant has made to any prior landlord (including, without limitation, the then defaulting landlord) more than thirty (30) days in advance of the date that such payment is due (other than any amount that Tenant has deposited with Landlord pursuant to the terms hereof), or (D) bound by any obligation to make any payment to or on behalf of Tenant to the extent that such obligation accrues prior to the date that the Successor succeeds to Landlord's interest in the Real Property, or (E) bound by any obligation to perform any work or to make improvements to the Premises, except for: (1) repairs and maintenance that Landlord is required to perform pursuant to the provisions of this Lease and that first become necessary after the date that the Successor succeeds to Landlord's interest in the Real Property, (2) repairs to the Premises that become necessary by reason of a fire or other casualty that occurs from and after the date that the Successor succeeds to Landlord's interest in the Real Property and that Landlord is required to perform pursuant to Article 15 hereof, (3) repairs to the Premises that become necessary by reason of a fire or other casualty that occurs prior to the date that the Successor succeeds to Landlord's interest in the Real Property and that Landlord is required to perform pursuant to Article 15 hereof, to the extent that the Successor can make such repairs from the net proceeds of Landlord's Property Policy that are actually made available to the Successor (with the understanding, however, that if (i) a fire or other casualty occurs prior to the date that the Successor succeeds to Landlord's interest in the Real Property, (ii) Landlord is required to repair the resulting damage to the Building pursuant to Article 15 hereof, and (iii) the Successor cannot make such repairs from such net proceeds, then Tenant shall have the right to terminate this Lease by giving notice thereof to the Successor within fifteen (15) days after the date that the Successor gives Tenant notice that the Successor does not intend to perform such repairs), (4) repairs to the Premises as a result of a partial condemnation that occurs from and after the date that the Successor succeeds to Landlord's interest in the Real Property and that Landlord is required to perform pursuant to Article 16 hereof, and (5) repairs to the Premises as a result of a partial condemnation that occurs prior to the date that the Successor succeeds to Landlord's interest in the Real Property and that Landlord is required to perform pursuant to Article 16 hereof, to the extent that the Successor can make such repairs from the net proceeds of any condemnation award made available to the Successor (with the understanding, however, that if (i) a partial condemnation occurs prior to the date that the Successor succeeds to Landlord's interest in the Real Property, (ii) Landlord is required to make repairs to the Building pursuant to Article 16 hereof by reason of such partial condemnation, and (iii) the Successor cannot make such repairs from such net proceeds, then Tenant shall have the right to terminate this Lease by giving notice thereof to the Successor within fifteen (15) days after the date that the Successor gives Tenant notice that the Successor does not intend to perform such repairs), (F) bound by any amendment or modification of this Lease made without the consent of the Mortgagee or the Lessor, as the case may be, or (G) bound to return the Cash Security Deposit or the Letter of Credit until the Cash Security Deposit or the Letter of Credit has come into the Successor's actual possession and Tenant is entitled to the Cash Security Deposit or the Letter of Credit pursuant to the terms of this Lease (the aforesaid items in clause (A) through (G) above for which a Successor is not liable being referred to herein as the "Successor Limitation Items"). Any Nondisturbance Agreement may also contain other terms and conditions that are reasonably required by the Mortgagee, or the Lessor, as the case may be that do not (i) increase Tenant's monetary obligations under this Lease, (ii) materially and adversely affect or materially diminish Tenant's rights under this Lease, or (iii) materially increase Tenant's other obligations under this Lease. A Successor that is an Affiliate of the Person that constitutes Landlord shall not have the right to include in a Nondisturbance Agreement the Successor Limitation Items, or such other terms and conditions. 13.3. Attornment. (A) If, at any time prior to the Expiration Date, a Successor succeeds to Landlord's interest in the Real Property, then Tenant, at the Successor's election, shall attorn, from time to time, to the Successor, in either case upon the then executory terms of this Lease, for the remainder of the Term. If the Successor is not an Affiliate of the Person that constituted Landlord immediately prior to such Successor's obtaining an interest in the Premises, then the Successor shall not have liability for the Successor Limitation Items from and after the date that Tenant so attorns to the Successor. (B) The provisions of this Section 13.3 shall apply notwithstanding that, as a matter of law, this Lease terminates upon the termination of any Superior Lease or the foreclosure of a Mortgage. No further instrument shall be required to give effect to Tenant's attorning to a Successor as contemplated by this Section 13.3. Tenant, however, upon demand of any Successor, shall execute, from time to time, instruments, in a recordable form and in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Successor, confirming the foregoing provisions of this Section 13.3. A Mortgagee, or a Lessor shall have the right to include such provisions in a Nondisturbance Agreement. 13.4. Amendments to this Lease. Tenant shall execute and deliver, from time to time, amendments to this Lease, promptly after Landlord's request, to the extent that (x) such amendments are reasonably required by a Mortgagee or a Lessor that in either case is not an Affiliate of Landlord (or are reasonably required by a proposed Mortgagee or proposed Lessor that in either case is not an Affiliate of Landlord and that consummates the applicable Mortgage or the applicable Superior Lease contemporaneously with Tenant's execution and delivery of such amendment hereof), and (y) Landlord gives to Tenant reasonable evidence to the effect that such Mortgagee or Lessor requires such amendments; provided, however, that Tenant shall not be required to agree to any such amendments to this Lease that (i) increase Tenant's monetary obligations under this Lease, (ii) materially and adversely affect or materially diminish Tenant's rights under this Lease, or (iii) materially increase Tenant's other obligations under this Lease. If Landlord so requests Tenant to consummate any such amendment to this Lease, then Landlord shall reimburse Tenant for the reasonable out-of-pocket costs that Tenant incurs in consummating any such amendment, within thirty (30) days after Tenant submits to Landlord an invoice therefore, together with reasonable supporting documentation for the charges set forth therein. 13.5. Tenant's Estoppel Certificate. Tenant, within ten (10) Business Days after Landlord's request from time to time (but not more frequently than three (3) times in any particular period of twelve (12) months), shall deliver to Landlord a written statement executed by Tenant, in form reasonably satisfactory to Landlord, (1) stating that this Lease is then in full force and effect and has not been modified (or if this Lease is not in full force and effect, stating the reasons therefor, or if this Lease is modified, setting forth all modifications), (2) setting forth the date to which the Fixed Rent, the Escalation Rent and other items of Rental have been paid, (3) stating whether, to the best knowledge of Tenant (but without having made any investigation), Landlord is in default under this Lease, and, if Landlord is in default, setting forth the specific nature of all such defaults, and (4) stating any other matters reasonably requested by Landlord and related to this Lease. Tenant acknowledges that any such statement that Tenant delivers to Landlord pursuant to this Section 13.5 may be relied upon by (x) any purchaser or owner of the Real Property or any interest therein (including, without limitation, any Lessor), or (y) any Mortgagee. 13.6. Landlord's Estoppel Certificate. Landlord, within ten (10) Business Days after Tenant's request from time to time (but not more frequently than three (3) times in any particular period of twelve (12) months), shall deliver to Tenant a written statement executed by Landlord (i) stating that this Lease is then in full force and effect and has not been modified (or if this Lease is not in full force and effect, stating the reasons therefor, or if this Lease is modified, setting forth all modifications), (ii) setting forth the date to which the Fixed Rent, the Escalation Rent and any other items of Rental have been paid, (iii) stating whether, to the best knowledge of Landlord (but without having made any investigation), Tenant is in default under this Lease, and, if Tenant is in default, setting forth the specific nature of all such defaults, and (iv) stating any other matters reasonably requested by Tenant and related to this Lease. Landlord acknowledges that any statement delivered by Landlord to Tenant pursuant to this Section 13.6 may be relied upon by (w) any assignee of Tenant's interest hereunder, (x) any subtenant of all or any part of the Premises, (y) any Person that acquires Control of Tenant (provided that such assignment, sublease or transfer of Control is accomplished in a manner that complies with the provisions of Article 16 hereof), or (z) any Person that extends credit to Tenant. 13.7. Rights to Cure Landlord's Default. If (x) a Superior Lease or Mortgage exists, (y) the Lessor or Mortgagee is not an Affiliate of Landlord, and (z) Landlord gives Tenant notice thereof, then Tenant shall not seek to terminate this Lease by reason of Landlord's default hereunder until Tenant has given written notice of such default to such Lessor or such Mortgagee in either case at the address that has been furnished to Tenant. If any such Lessor or Mortgagee notifies Tenant, within ten (10) Business Days after the date that such Lessor or Mortgagee receives such notice from Tenant, that such Lessor or Mortgagee intends to remedy such act or omission of Landlord, then Tenant shall not have the right to so terminate this Lease unless such Lessor or Mortgagee fails to remedy such act or omission of Landlord within a reasonable period of time after the date that such Lessor or Mortgagee gives such notice to Tenant (it being understood that such Lessor or Mortgagee shall not have any liability to Tenant for the failure of such Lessor or Mortgagee to so remedy such act or omission of Landlord during such period). 13.8. Zoning Lot Merger Agreement. Tenant hereby waives irrevocably any rights that Tenant may have in connection with any zoning lot merger or transfer of development rights with respect to the Real Property, including, without limitation, any rights that Tenant may have to be a party to, to contest, or to execute any Declaration of Restrictions (as such term is used in Section 12-10 of the Zoning Resolution of The City of New York effective December 15, 1961, as amended) with respect to the Real Property, which would cause the Premises to be merged with or unmerged from any other zoning lot pursuant to such Zoning Resolution or to any document of a similar nature and purpose. Tenant agrees that this Lease shall be subject and subordinate to any Declaration of Restrictions or any other document of similar nature and purpose now or hereafter affecting the Real Property (it being understood, however, that such Declaration of Restrictions or any such other document shall not impair Tenant's rights hereunder, or expand Tenant's obligations hereunder, except, in either case, to a de minimis extent). In confirmation of such subordination and waiver, Tenant, from time to time, shall execute and deliver promptly any certificate or instrument that Landlord reasonably requests. 13.9. Tenant's Financial Statements. Subject to the terms of this Section 13.9, Tenant shall provide to Landlord (a) the balance sheet of Ten ant and each Predecessor Tenant (if any) in either case dated as of the last day of each fiscal year (to the extent that the last day of each such fiscal year occurs during the Term), (b) the income statement of Tenant and each Predecessor Tenant (if any) for each such fiscal year that occurs, in whole or in part, during the Term, and (c) the statement of changes in financial condition of Tenant and each Predecessor Tenant (if any) for each such fiscal year that occurs, in whole or in part, during the Term, in each case on or prior to the one hundred twentieth (120th) day after the last day of each such fiscal year (such financial statements being collectively referred to herein as "Tenant's statements"). Tenant shall cause Tenant Statements to be prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied, and to be accompanied by an unqualified opinion of a certified public accountant. Landlord shall not disclose Tenant's Statements to any third party, except that Landlord may disclose Tenant's Statements (i) to Persons that provide (or that propose to provide), directly or indirectly, debt or equity capital to Landlord or Landlord's Affiliates, (ii) to Persons that purchase (or that propose to purchase) the Real Property or any portion thereof, (iii) to Lessors (or prospective Lessors), (iv) to Persons that provide professional services for Landlord (such as, for example, Landlord's attorneys and accountants), (v) to the extent required by law, (v) to the extent reasonably required by Landlord in enforcing Landlord's rights hereunder, and (vi) to the extent that Tenant's Statements are otherwise available to the general public. Tenant shall not have any obligation to provide Tenant's Statements to Landlord as provided in this Section 13.9 during the period that (x) the stock of Tenant is publicly traded on a recognized stock exchange, and (y) Tenant's Statements are available to the general public under filings that Tenant makes with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Article 14 INSURANCE 14.1. Tenant's Insurance. (A) Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall obtain and keep in full force and effect (i) an insurance policy for Tenant's Property and the Specialty Alterations, in either case to the extent insurable under the available standard forms of "all-risk" insurance policies, in an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the replacement value thereof (subject, however, at Tenant's option, to a reasonable deductible) (the insurance policy described in this clause (i) being referred to herein as "Tenant's Property Policy"), and (ii) a policy of commercial general liability and property damage insurance on an occurrence basis, with a broad form contractual liability endorsement (the insurance policy described in this clause (ii) being referred to herein as "Tenant's Liability Policy"). Tenant's Property Policy and Tenant's Liability Policy shall name Tenant as the insured. The Landlord Indemnitees shall be named as additional insureds on Tenant's Liability Policy. (B) Tenant's Liability Policy shall contain a provision that (a) no act or omission of Tenant shall affect or limit the obligation of the insurer to pay the amount of any loss sustained, and (b) the policy is non-cancelable with respect to the Landlord Indemnitees unless at least thirty (30) days of advance written notice is given to Landlord, except that Tenant's Liability Policy may be cancelable on no less than ten (10) days of advance written notice to Landlord for non-payment of premium. If Tenant receives any notice of cancellation or any other notice from the insurance carrier which may adversely affect the coverage of the insureds under Tenant's Property Policy or Tenant's Liability Policy, then Tenant shall immediately deliver to Landlord a copy of such notice. The minimum amounts of liability under Tenant's Liability Policy shall be a combined single limit with respect to each occurrence in the amount of Five Million Dollars ($5,000,000) for injury (or death) to persons and damage to property, which minimum amount Landlord may increase from time to time to the amount of insurance that in Landlord's reasonable judgment is then being customarily required by prudent landlords of firstclass buildings in the vicinity of the Building from tenants leasing space similar in size, nature and location to the Premises. (C) Tenant shall cause Tenant's Liability Policy and Tenant's Property Policy to be issued by reputable and independent insurers that are (x) permitted to do business in the State of New York, and (y) rated in Best's Insurance Guide, or any successor thereto, as having a general policyholder rating of A and a financial rating of at least XI (it being understood that if such ratings are no longer issued, then such insurer's financial integrity shall conform to the standards that constitute such ratings from Best's Insurance Guide as of the date hereof). (D) Tenant has the right to satisfy Tenant's obligation to carry Tenant's Liability Policy with an umbrella insurance policy if such umbrella insurance policy contains an aggregate per location endorsement that provides the required level of protection for the Premises. Tenant has the right to satisfy Tenant's obligation to carry Tenant's Property Policy with a blanket insurance policy if such blanket insurance policy provides, on a per occurrence basis, that a loss that relates to any other location does not impair or reduce the level of protection available for the Premises below the amount required by this Lease. Landlord's Insurance. (A) Subject to the terms of this Section 14.2, Landlord shall obtain and keep in full force and effect insurance against loss or damage by fire and other casualty to the Building, to the extent insurable on commercially reasonable terms under then available standard forms of "all-risk" insurance policies, in an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the replacement value thereof or, at Landlord's option, in such lesser amount as will avoid coinsurance (such insurance being referred to herein as "Landlord's Property Policy"). Tenant acknowledges that (i) Landlord's Property Policy may encompass rent insurance, and (ii) the risks that Landlord's Property Policy covers may include, without limitation, fire, war, terrorism, environmental matters, and flood. (B) Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for any failure to insure any Alterations unless Tenant notifies Landlord of the completion of such Alterations and the cost thereof, and maintains adequate records with respect to such Alterations to facilitate the adjustment of any insurance claims with respect thereto. Landlord shall have the right to provide that the coverage of Landlord's Property Policy is subject to a reasonable deductible. Tenant shall cooperate with Landlord and Landlord's insurance companies in the adjustment of any claims for any damage to the Building or the Alterations. Landlord shall not be required to carry insurance on Tenant's Property or the Specialty Alterations. Landlord shall not be required to carry insurance against, or be responsible for, any loss suffered by Tenant due to the interruption of Tenant's business. 14.3. Mutual Waiver of Subrogation. (A) Subject to the provisions of this Section 14.3, Landlord and Tenant shall each obtain an appropriate clause in, or endorsement on, Landlord's Property Policy or Tenant's Property Policy (as the case may be) pursuant to which the insurance companies waive subrogation or consent to a waiver of right of recovery. Landlord and Tenant also agree that, having obtained such clauses or endorsements of waiver of subrogation or consent to a waiver of right of recovery, they shall not make any claim against or seek to recover from the Landlord Indemnitees or the Tenant Indemnitees (as the case may be) for any loss or damage to its property or the property of others resulting from fire or other hazards covered by Landlord's Property Policy or Tenant's Property Policy (as the case may be); provided, however, that the release, discharge, exoneration and covenant not to sue herein contained shall be limited by and be coextensive with the terms and provisions of the waiver of subrogation clause or endorsements or clauses or endorsements consenting to a waiver of right of recovery. (B) If the payment of an additional premium is required for the inclusion of a waiver of subrogation provision as described in Section l4.3(A) hereof, then each party shall advise the other party of the amount of any such additional premiums and the other party at its own election may, but shall not be obligated to, pay such additional premium. If (x) Tenant is the party that elects to pay such additional premium to include such a waiver in Landlord's Property Policy, and (y) other tenants in the Building make concurrently a similar election, then the aforesaid amount that Tenant is obligated to pay to Landlord on account of such additional premium shall be only the portion thereof that Landlord allocates equitably to Tenant. If such other party does not elect to pay such additional premium, then the party whose insurer is charging the additional premium shall not be required to obtain such waiver of subrogation provision. (C) If either party is unable to obtain the inclusion of such waiver of subrogation provision even with the payment of an additional premium, then such party shall attempt to name the other party as an additional insured (but not a loss payee) under the applicable insurance policy. If the payment of an additional premium is required for naming the other party as an additional insured (but not a loss payee), then such party shall advise the other of the amount of any such additional premium and the other party at its own election may, but shall not be obligated to, pay such additional premium. If (x) Tenant is the party that elects to pay such additional premium to name Tenant as an additional insureds (but not as loss payee), and (y) other tenants in the Building make concurrently a similar election, then the aforesaid amount that Tenant is obligated to pay to Landlord on account of such additional premium shall be only the portion thereof that Landlord allocates equitably to Tenant. If such other party does not elect to pay such additional premium or if it is not possible to have the other party named as an additional insured (but not loss payee), even with the payment of an additional premium, then (in either event) the party whose insurer refuses to include such waiver of subrogation provision shall so notify the other party and such party shall not have the obligation to name the other party as an additional insured. 14.4. Evidence of Insurance. On or prior to the Commencement Date, each party shall deliver to the other party appropriate certificates of insurance required to be carried by the parties pursuant to this Article 14, including evidence of waivers of subrogation and naming of additional insureds in either case as required by Section 14.3 hereof. Each party shall deliver to the other party evidence of each renewal or replacement of a policy at least twenty (20) days prior to the expiration of such policy. 14.5. No Concurrent Insurance. Tenant shall not obtain any property insurance (under Tenant's Property Policy or otherwise) that covers the property that is covered by Landlord's Property Policy. 14.6. Tenant's Obligation to Comply with Landlord's Fire and Casualty Insurance. If (i) Tenant (or any other Person claiming by, through or under Tenant) uses the Premises for any purpose other than general office use, and (ii) the use of the Premises by Tenant (or such other Person) causes the premium for Landlord's Property Policy to exceed the premium that would have otherwise applied therefor if Tenant (or such Person) used the Premises for general office purposes, then Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent, an amount equal to such excess, on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day after the date that Landlord gives to Tenant an invoice therefor. Nothing contained in this Section 14.6 expands Tenant's rights under Article 3 hereof. Article 15 CASUALTY 15.1. Notice. Tenant shall notify Landlord promptly of any fire or other casualty that occurs in the Premises. 15.2. Landlord's Restoration Obligations. Subject to the terms of this Section 15.2, Landlord shall repair the damage to the Premises (including, without limitation, the Alterations) to the extent caused by fire or other casualty, with reasonable diligence. Landlord shall not be required to restore Tenant's Property or the Specialty Alterations. Landlord shall not be required to commence such restoration until Tenant gives Landlord the notice described in Section 15.1 hereof (unless Landlord otherwise has received actual notice of the fire or other casualty). Landlord shall not be obligated to restore any Alterations unless (i) Tenant has Substantially Completed the performance thereof, (ii) Tenant has given Landlord notice to the effect that Tenant has Substantially Completed such Alterations, (iii) Tenant has given Landlord notice of the cost incurred by Tenant in performing such Alterations, and (iv) Tenant has maintained records with respect to such Alterations in a form that allows Landlord to make a full insurance recovery therefor under Landlord's Property Policy. If (x) Tenant, as part of the Initial Alterations, demolishes all or a material part of the interior installation that exists in the Premises on the Commencement Date, and (y) the Premises (including any Alterations) is damaged by fire or other casualty at any time prior to the date that Tenant Substantially Completes the Initial Alterations therein, then Landlord's obligation to repair the Premises (and any Alterations) shall be limited to (x) the part of the Building Systems serving the Premises on the Commencement Date, but not the distribution portions of such Building Systems located within the Premises, (y) the floor and ceiling slabs of the Premises, and (z) the exterior walls of the Premises, all to substantially the same condition that existed on the Commencement Date. Landlord shall have the right to adapt the restoration of the Premises as contemplated by this Section 15.2 to comply with applicable Requirements that are then in effect. Landlord shall not be obligated to restore the Premises as provided in this Section 15.2 to the extent that this Lease terminates by reason of such fire or other casualty as provided in this Article 15. 15.3. Rent Abatement. (A) Subject to Section 15.3(B) hereof, the Fixed Rent and the Escalation Rent that is otherwise due and payable hereunder shall be reduced in the proportion that the number of square feet of Rentable Area of the part of the Premises that is not usable by Tenant for ordinary office purposes by reason of such fire or other casualty bears to the total Rentable Area of the Premises immediately prior to such fire or other casualty, for the period commencing on the date of such fire or other casualty and ending on the date that Landlord Substantially Completes the restoration described in Section 15.2 hereof. (B) If a fire or other casualty occurs in the Premises after the Commencement Date and prior to the Rent Commencement Date, then the aggregate abatement of Fixed Rent and the Escalation Rent to which Tenant is entitled as contemplated by Section 15.3(A) hereof (from and after the Rent Commencement Date) shall be an amount equal to the aggregate abatement of Fixed Rent and the Escalation Rent to which Tenant would have been entitled under Section 15.3(A) hereof if the Rent Commencement Date had occurred immediately prior to such fire or other casualty. 15.4. Landlord's Termination Right. If the Building is so damaged by fire or other casualty that, in Landlord's opinion, substantial alteration, demolition, or reconstruction of the Building is required (regardless of whether the Premises have been damaged or rendered untenantable), then Landlord may terminate this Lease by giving Tenant notice thereof on or prior to the ninetieth (90th) day after such fire or other casualty; provided, however, that if the Premises are not substantially damaged or rendered substantially untenantable by such fire or other casualty, then Landlord may not so terminate this Lease unless Landlord elects to terminate leases (including this Lease) affecting at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the leasable area of the Building (excluding any portion of the Building that is (x) leased to or occupied by Landlord or Landlord's Affiliates, or (y) used for retail purposes). If Landlord elects to terminate this Lease as aforesaid, then (I) the Term shall expire on a date set by Landlord that is not sooner than (i) the tenth (10th) day after the date that Landlord gives such notice (if all or substantially all of the Premises is rendered untenantable by such fire or other casualty), and (ii) the ninetieth (90th) day after the date that Landlord gives such notice (if less than all or substantially all of the Premises is rendered untenantable by such fire or other casualty), and (II) Tenant, on such date set by Landlord, shall vacate the Premises and surrender the Premises to Landlord in accordance with the terms of this Lease that govern Tenant's obligations upon the expiration or earlier termination of the Term. Upon the termination of this Lease under this Section 15.4, the Rental shall be apportioned and any prepaid portion of the Rental for any period after the date that the abatement of Rental as described in Section 15.3 hereof becomes effective shall be refunded promptly by Landlord to Tenant (and Landlord's obligation to make such refund shall survive the Expiration Date). 15.5. Tenant's Termination Right. (A) Landlord, within forty-five (45) days after the earlier to occur of (x) the date that Tenant gives Landlord notice of the occurrence of a fire or other casualty as contemplated by Section 15.1 hereof, and (y) the date that Landlord otherwise has actual notice of such fire or other casualty, shall give to Tenant a statement prepared by a reputable and independent contractor setting forth such contractor's estimate in good faith as to the time required for Landlord to Substantially Complete the restoration described in Section 15.2 hereof (such statement that Landlord gives to Tenant being referred to herein as the "Casualty Statement"). If the estimated time period exceeds twelve (12) months from the date of the applicable fire or other casualty, then Tenant may elect to terminate this Lease by giving notice to Landlord not later than the thirtieth (30th) day after the date that Landlord gives the Casualty Statement to Tenant. (B) Subject to the terms of this Section 15.5(B), if (i) a fire or other casualty occurs, and, by reason thereof, Landlord has an obligation to perform a restoration as contemplated by Section 15.2 hereof, (ii) Tenant does not exercise Tenant's right to terminate this Lease under Section 15.5(A) hereof in connection with such fire or other casualty (or Tenant does not have the right to terminate this Lease under Section 15.5(A) hereof in connection with such fire or other casualty), (iii) Landlord fails to Substantially Complete the performance of the restoration work that Landlord is required to perform on or prior to the later to occur of (I) twelve (12) months after the date of the applicable fire or other casualty, and (II) the date that is forty- five (45) days after the last day of the estimated time period set forth in the Casualty Statement (the later of the dates described in clause (I) and clause (II) above being referred to herein as the "Second Bite Date"), (iv) Tenant gives Landlord notice to the effect that Tenant reserves its right to terminate this Lease under this Section 15.5(B) in connection with such fire or other casualty (with the understanding that any such notice given by Tenant to Landlord prior to the Second Bite Date shall be ineffective for purposes hereof) (such notice given by Tenant to Landlord being referred to herein as the "Second Bite Warning Notice"), and (v) Landlord fails to Substantially Complete the restoration within forty-five (45) days after the date that Tenant gives the Second Bite Warning Notice to Landlord, then Tenant shall have the right to terminate this Lease by giving notice thereof (the "Second Bite Termination Notice") to Landlord not later than the tenth (10th) day after the last day of such period of forty-five (45) days. Tenant shall not have such right to terminate this Lease if Landlord Substantially Completes the restoration prior to the date that Tenant gives the Second Bite Termination Notice to Landlord. (C) If Tenant makes any such election to terminate this Lease pursuant to this Section 15.5, then (I) the Term shall expire on the thirtieth (30th) day after notice of such election is given by Tenant, and Tenant shall vacate the Premises and surrender the Premises to Landlord on such date in accordance with the terms of this Lease that govern Tenant's obligations upon the expiration or earlier termination of the Term, (II) any Rental due hereunder shall be apportioned as of the date of such termination, and (III) any portion of the Rental that is then prepaid by Tenant and relates to the period after the date that the abatement of Rental as described in Section 15.3 hereof becomes effective shall be promptly refunded by Landlord to Tenant (with the understanding that Landlord's obligation to make any such refund shall survive such termination of this Lease). 15.6. Termination Rights at End of Term. If the Premises are substantially damaged by a fire or other casualty that occurs during the period of one (1) year immediately preceding the Fixed Expiration Date, then either Landlord or Tenant may elect to terminate this Lease by notice given to the other party within thirty (30) days after such fire or other casualty occurs. If either party makes such election, then the Term shall expire on the thirtieth (30th) day after the notice of such election is given, and, accordingly, Tenant, on or prior to such thirtieth (30th) day, shall vacate the Premises and surrender the Premises to Landlord in accordance with the provisions of that govern Tenant's obligation to deliver vacant and exclusive possession of the Premises to Landlord upon the expiration of the Term. Upon the termination of this Lease under this Section 15.6, the Rental shall be apportioned and any prepaid portion of the Rental for any period after the Expiration Date shall be refunded promptly by Landlord to Tenant (and Landlord's obligation to make such refund shall survive the Expiration Date). For purposes of this Section 15.6, the term "substantially damaged" shall mean that: (a) a fire or other casualty precludes Tenant from using more than fifty percent (50%) of the Premises for the conduct of its business in substantially the same manner that Tenant conducted its business therein prior to such fire or other casualty, and (b) Tenant's inability to so use the Premises (or the applicable portion thereof) is reasonably expected to continue until at least the earlier to occur of (i) the Fixed Expiration Date, and (ii) the one hundred twentieth (120th) day after the date that such fire or other casualty occurs. 15.7. No Other Termination Rights. Tenant shall have no right to cancel this Lease by virtue of a fire or other casualty except to the extent specifically set forth herein. This Article 15 is intended to constitute an "express agreement to the contrary" for purposes of Section 227 of the New York Real Property Law. Article 16 CONDEMNATION 16.1. Effect of Condemnation. (A) Subject to the provisions of Section 16.2 hereof, if the entire Real Property, the entire Building or the entire Premises is condemned or otherwise acquired by the exercise of the power of eminent domain, then this Lease shall terminate as of the date that such condemnation or acquisition is consummated. (B) If only a part of the Real Property and not the entire Premises is so acquired or condemned, then: (1) except as hereinafter provided in this Section 16.1, this Lease shall remain effective, and, from and after the date that the condemnation or acquisition is consummated, (w) the Fixed Rent shall be reduced in the proportion that the number of square feet of Rentable Area of the part of the Premises so acquired or condemned bears to the total Rentable Area of the Premises immediately prior to such acquisition or condemnation, (x) Tenant's Tax Share shall be redetermined based upon the proportion that the number of square feet of Rentable Area of the Premises that is remaining after such acquisition or condemnation bears to the number of square feet of Rentable Area of the Building that is remaining after such acquisition or condemnation, and (y) Tenant's Operating Expense Share shall be redetermined based upon the proportion that the number of -square feet of Rentable Area of the Premises remaining after such acquisition or condemnation bears to the number of square feet of Rentable Area of the Building remaining after such acquisition or condemnation (other than any retail portion of the Building); (2) on or prior to the sixtieth (60th) day after the date that the condemnation or acquisition is consummated, Landlord shall have the right to terminate this Lease by giving notice to Tenant; provided, however, that if the Premises are unaffected by such acquisition or condemnation, then Landlord shall only have the right to so terminate this Lease if Landlord terminates leases (including this Lease) for at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the leasable area of the Building (excluding any portion of the Building that is (i) leased to or occupied by Landlord or Landlord's Affiliates, or (ii) used for retail purposes); and (3) if (a) the part of the Real Property so acquired or condemned contains more than fifteen percent (15%) of the total area of the Premises immediately prior to such acquisition or condemnation, or (b) by reason of such acquisition or condemnation, Tenant no longer has reasonable means of access to the Premises or Tenant is unable to conduct its business in the Premises in substantially the same manner that Tenant conducted its business in the Premises prior to such acquisition or condemnation, then Tenant may elect to terminate this Lease by giving notice to Landlord on or prior to the sixtieth (60th) day after the date that Tenant is given notice of such acquisition or condemnation being consummated. The Term shall expire on the thirtieth (30th) day after the date that Landlord or Tenant give any such notice to terminate this Lease. (C) Upon the termination of this Lease and the Term pursuant to the provisions of this Section 16.1, the Rental shall be apportioned and any prepaid portion of the Rental for any period after such date shall be refunded promptly by Landlord to Tenant (and Landlord's obligation to make such refund shall survive the Expiration Date). (D) If a part of the Premises is so acquired or condemned and this Lease and the Term is not terminated pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 16.1, then Landlord, at Landlord's expense, shall restore the part of the Premises that is not so acquired or condemned to a self-contained rental unit inclusive of Alterations that Tenant has therefore Substantially Completed, except that if such acquisition or condemnation occurs prior to the Substantial Completion of the Initial Alterations, then Landlord shall only be required to restore the part of the Premises not so acquired or condemned to a self-contained rental unit exclusive of any Alterations. 16.2. Condemnation Award. Subject to Section 16.3 hereof, Landlord shall be entitled to receive the entire award for any such acquisition or condemnation of all or any part of the Real Property. Tenant shall have no claim against Landlord or the condemning authority for the value of any unexpired portion of the Term, and, accordingly, Tenant hereby expressly assigns to Landlord all of its right in and to any such award. Nothing contained in this Section 16.2 shall be deemed to prevent Tenant from making a separate claim in any condemnation proceedings for the then value of any Tenant's Property included in such taking, for any moving expenses or for the costs incurred by Tenant in performing the Initial Alterations (prior to Tenant's Substantial Completion thereof) in the portion of the Premises that is not so condemned or acquired. 16.3. Temporary Taking. If the whole or any part of the Premises is acquired or condemned temporarily during the Term, then (a) Tenant shall give prompt notice thereof to Landlord, (b) the Term shall not be reduced or affected in any way, (c) the Rental payable by Tenant hereunder shall abate during the condemnation period, and (d) Tenant shall not be entitled to receive any award or payments for such use (and Tenant, therefore, shall cooperate reasonably with Landlord in facilitating Landlord's recovery of such award). Landlord, at Landlord's expense, shall make alterations to restore the Premises to the condition existing prior to any such temporary acquisition or condemnation. Article 17 ASSIGNMENT AND SUBLETTING 17.1. General Limitations. (A) Subject to the terms of this Article 17, without the prior consent of Landlord in each instance, Tenant shall not, and Tenant shall not permit any other Permitted Party to, consummate a Transfer. The term "Transfer" shall mean: (1) (a) an assignment of a Permitted Party's rights under, or a delegation of such Permitted Party's duties under, the applicable Occupancy Agreement by express assignment or by operation of law or by other means, (b) a mortgage or other encumbrance of such Permitted Party's interest in the applicable Occupancy Agreement, in whole or in part, (c) a subletting, or further subletting, of the Premises or any part thereof, or (d) the occupancy of the Premises or any part thereof by any Person other than such Permitted Party; and (2) any transaction that modifies or supplements (or further modifies or supplements) an Occupancy Agreement to decrease the rental that is payable thereunder, to change the premises that is demised thereby, or to change the term thereof, in either case in any material respect (it being understood that such modification or supplement shall be treated for purposes hereof as a transaction on the terms of such Occupancy Agreement, as so modified or supplemented, for the balance of the term thereof). (B) The term "Occupancy Agreement" shall mean the lease, sublease, license or other agreement pursuant to which a Permitted Party has the right to occupy the Premises (or the applicable portion thereof). (C) The term "Permitted Party" shall mean Tenant and any other Person that has the right to occupy the Premises (or any part thereof) in accordance with the terms of this Article 17 (other than a Person that has the right to occupy the Premises (or the applicable part thereof) by virtue of Landlord's exercising Landlord's rights under Section 17.3 hereof). (D) Subject to Section 17.8 hereof, the transfer of Control in a Permitted Party, however accomplished, whether in a single transaction or in a series of unrelated or related transactions, shall constitute an assignment of such Permitted Party's interest in the applicable Occupancy Agreement for purposes of this Article 17. (E) The consent by Landlord to any Transfer shall not relieve Tenant from its obligation to obtain the prior consent of Landlord to any other Transfer to the extent required by this Lease. (F) The assignment by any Person that constitutes Tenant of the tenant's interest under this Lease shall not relieve such Person of the obligations of the tenant under this Lease. Such Person's liability under this Lease shall continue notwithstanding (x) the subsequent release of any other Person that constitutes Tenant from liability under this Lease, (y) any limitation on any such other Person's liability hereunder by virtue of the Bankruptcy Code, or (z) any modification or amendment of this Lease that Landlord consummates with any such other Person that constitutes Tenant subsequently; provided, however, that if such other Person is not an Affiliate of such Person, then any such modification or amendment shall not expand such Person's liability hereunder. (G) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, Tenant shall not, and Tenant shall not permit any other Permitted Party to, (i) enter into any lease, sublease, license, concession or other agreement for use or occupancy of the Premises or any portion thereof which provides for a rental or other payment for such use or occupancy based in whole or in part on the net income or profits derived by any Person from the property leased, occupied or used, or which would require the payment of any consideration that would not qualify as "rents from real property," as that term is defined in Section 856(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or (ii) permit the Premises, or any portion thereof, to be used or occupied by or for the benefit of any Person that the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury has listed on its list of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons. (H) If Tenant assigns the tenant's interest under this Lease in violation of the terms of this Article 17, then such assignment shall be void and of no force and effect against Landlord; provided, however, that Landlord (x) may collect an amount equal to the then Rental from the assignee as a fee for such assignee's use and occupancy, and (y) shall apply the net amount collected to the Rental reserved in this Lease. If the Premises or any part thereof are sublet to, occupied by, or used by any Person other than Tenant (regardless of whether such subletting, occupancy or use violates this Article 17), then Landlord (a) after the occurrence of an Event of Default, may collect amounts from the subtenant, user or occupant as a fee for its use and occupancy, and (b) shall apply the net amount collected to the Rental reserved in this Lease. No such assignment, subletting, occupancy or use, with or without Landlord's prior consent, nor any such collection or application of fees for use and occupancy, shall (i) be deemed a waiver by Landlord of any term, covenant or condition of this Lease, (ii) be deemed the acceptance by Landlord of such assignee, subtenant, occupant or user as tenant hereunder, or (iii) relieve Tenant of the obligations of the tenant under this Lease. 17.2. Landlord's Expenses. Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for any reasonable costs that Landlord incurs in connection with any proposed Transfer, including, without limitation, a reasonable processing fee, reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements and the reasonable costs of making investigations as to the acceptability of the proposed Transferee, within thirty (30) days after Landlord gives to Tenant an invoice therefor. 17.3. Recapture Procedure. (A) Tenant shall have the right to institute the procedure described in this Section 17.3 (the "Recapture Procedure") only by giving to Landlord notice thereof (a "Transfer Notice"), which: (1) refers expressly to this Section 17.3 and indicates that such notice constitutes a Transfer Notice, (2) sets forth a description of the Premises (or the portion thereof) that is involved in the proposed Transfer (the Premises, or the portion thereof, that is involved in the proposed Transfer being referred to herein as the "Recapture Space"), (3) sets forth the material terms under which Tenant intends to consummate the Transfer (including, for example, (a) the rental to be paid by a subtenant, (b) the consideration to be paid by or to an assignee, (c) the work allowance to which a subtenant is entitled, (d) the term of a proposed sublease, and ( e) the nature and cost of any work that Tenant intends to perform to prepare the Recapture Space for occupancy by the subtenant or assignee), and (4) sets forth the date on which Tenant proposes to consummate the proposed Transfer (such date being referred to herein as the "Transfer Date") (it being understood that, subject to the terms of this Section 17.3, the Transfer Date shall be no sooner than sixty (60) days, and no later than three hundred sixty-five (365) days, after the date that Tenant gives the Transfer Notice to Landlord) (the material terms of a proposed Transfer as set forth in the Transfer Notice being referred to herein as the "Proposed Transfer Terms"). Tenant shall not be required to identify, in the Transfer Notice, the Person to which Tenant intends to make the Transfer (the Person to which a Transfer is made being referred to herein as a "Transferee"). If (i) Tenant has theretofore received a bona fide written offer that then remains effective from a prospective Transferee, (ii) the terms of such bona fide written offer are at least as favorable to the Transferor as the Proposed Transfer Terms, and (iii) Tenant gives to Landlord a copy of such written offer, then Tenant shall have the right to give to Landlord a notice pursuant to which Tenant accelerates the Transfer Date to a date that occurs no earlier than the first to occur of (I) the sixtieth (60th) day after the date that Tenant gives the Transfer Notice to Landlord, and (II) the thirtieth (30th) day after the date that Tenant gives to Landlord a copy of such written offer and such notice (it being understood that Tenant shall have the right to give such notice to Landlord either simultaneously with the Transfer Notice or at any time thereafter until the sixtieth (60th) day after the date that Tenant gives the Transfer Notice to Landlord). (B) The term "Transfer Expenses" shall mean the sum of the actual out-of pocket expenses that the Permitted Party that makes the applicable Transfer (the "Transferor") pays solely in consummating a Transfer, including, without limitation, (i) brokerage commissions, (ii) allowances that the Transferor makes available to the Transferee to fund the cost of Alterations that the Transferee makes to the Premises (or the applicable portion thereof that is involved in the Transfer), (iii) costs that the Transferor pays in making Alterations to prepare the Premises (or the applicable portion thereof that is involved in the Transfer) solely for the Transferee's initial occupancy, (iv) the amount payable to Landlord under Section 17.2 hereof for such Transfer, (v) reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements that the Transferor pays in connection with consummating such Transfer, and (vi) the transfer taxes (and other similar charges and fees) that Tenant pays pursuant to Section 17.6 hereof. (C) The term "Amortized Transfer Expenses" shall mean, with respect to any period, the amount of the Transfer Expenses that amortize during such period if the Transfer Expenses are amortized, in equal monthly installments, with interest calculated at the Base Rate, over the period that the Transferee is obligated to make payments to the Transferor in respect of the applicable Transfer. (D) The term "Recapture Date" shall mean the sixtieth (60th) day after the date that Tenant gives the Transfer Notice to Landlord; provided, however, that if (i) Tenant has theretofore received a bona fide written offer that then remains effective from a prospective Transferee, (ii) the terms of such bona fide written offer are at least as favorable to the Transferor as the Proposed Transfer Terms, (iii) Tenant gives to Landlord a copy of such written offer (either simultaneously with the Transfer Notice or any time thereafter until the sixtieth (60th) day after the date that Tenant gives the Transfer Notice to Landlord), and (iv) Tenant notifies Landlord that Tenant intends to accelerate the Recapture Date as provided in this Section 17.3(D), then the Recapture Date shall be the earlier to occur of (I) the sixtieth (60th) day after the date that Tenant gives the Transfer Notice to Landlord, and (II) the thirtieth (30th) day after the date that Tenant gives to Landlord a copy of such written offer and such notice. (E) (1) If (x) Tenant gives a Transfer Notice to Landlord, and (y) the Transfer described in the Transfer Notice constitutes a sublease for the Recapture Space with respect to which the term thereof expires on or prior to the date that is twelve (12) months before the Fixed Expiration Date (any sublease that expires before such date being referred to herein as a "Short-term Sublease"), then Landlord shall have the right to sublease (or to cause the Recapture Subtenant to sublease) the Recapture Space from Tenant, on the terms set forth in this Section 17.3(E), by giving notice thereof (the "Recapture Sublease Notice") to Tenant not later than the Recapture Date (as to which date time shall be of the essence) (any such sublease of the Recapture Space that Landlord elects to consummate under this Section 17.3(E) being referred to herein as a "Recapture Sublease"). (2) If Landlord gives a Recapture Sublease Notice to Tenant, then Tenant shall, and Landlord shall (or Landlord shall cause the Recapture Subtenant to), consummate a Recapture Sublease for the Recapture Space on the following terms: (a) Landlord shall give to Tenant, within ten (10) days after the date that Landlord gives to Tenant the Recapture Sublease Notice, a proposed sublease that conforms with the terms set forth in this Section 17.3(E) and is otherwise on the terms set forth in this Lease. Tenant shall execute and deliver such sublease promptly after Landlord's submission thereof to Tenant. Landlord shall execute and deliver (or cause the Recapture Subtenant to execute and deliver) such sublease promptly after Tenant delivers to Landlord the counterpart thereof that is executed by Tenant. (b) Landlord shall have the right to designate that the subtenant under the Recapture Sublease is a Person other than Landlord (the Person that constitutes the subtenant under a Recapture Sublease being referred to herein as the "Recapture Subtenant"). (c) The rental payable by the Recapture Subtenant to Tenant for any particular calendar month during the term of the Recapture Sublease shall be an amount equal to the lesser of: (i) the excess of (I) the rental (including, without limitation, supplemental charges) that would have been payable by the Transferee for such calendar month as contemplated by the Proposed Transfer Terms, over (II) the Amortized Transfer Expenses for such month that would have resulted from the Proposed Transfer Terms; and (ii) the Rental (including, without limitation, the Electricity Additional Rent and other charges) that is due under this Lease for such calendar month for the Recapture Space. (d) The term of the Recapture Sublease shall commence on the Transfer Date and shall extend for the term set forth in the Transfer Notice as part of the Proposed Transfer Terms (with the understanding that the Recapture Subtenant shall have the right to extend the term of the Recapture Sublease fora term that corresponds, or for terms that correspond, to any renewal right or renewal rights that are set forth in the Transfer Notice as part of the Proposed Transfer Terms). (e) If during the term of the Recapture Sublease (or during the period that the Recapture Subtenant, or any Person claiming by, through or under the Recapture Subtenant, remains in occupancy of the Recapture Space after the term of the Recapture Sublease expires or earlier terminates), an event or circumstance occurs that is attributable to the Recapture Subtenant (or a Person claiming by, through or under the Recapture Subtenant), then such event or circumstance shall not constitute a default by Tenant hereunder (and Tenant shall have no obligation to indemnify Landlord with respect thereto). (f) Tenant shall have the right to offset against the Rental due hereunder an amount equal to the rental and other charges that the Recapture Subtenant fails to pay when due to Tenant. (g) The Recapture Subtenant (and any Person claiming by, through or under the Recapture Subtenant), during the term of the Recapture Sublease, shall have the right to make alterations to the Recapture Space; provided, however, that the Recapture Sublease shall obligate the Recapture Subtenant to restore the Recapture Space upon the expiration of the term of the Recapture Sublease. (h) If the Recapture Space does not constitute the entire Premises, then Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall cause the Recapture Space to be demised separately from the remainder of the Premises on or prior to the Transfer Date. (i) The Recapture Subtenant shall have the right to further sublease the Recapture Space, or assign the Recapture Subtenant's rights as subtenant under the Recapture Sublease, to any third party, without Tenant having any rights to consent thereto or to receive additional payments from the Recapture Subtenant in connection therewith. CD The Recapture Subtenant shall not have the right to receive from the Transferor any free rent, tenant improvement allowance or other similar concession from the Transferor that constitutes part of the Proposed Transfer Terms. (F) (1) If (x) Tenant gives a Transfer Notice to Landlord, and (y) the Transfer described in the Transfer Notice does not constitute a Short- Tenn Sublease, then Landlord shall have the right to terminate this Lease with respect to the Recapture Space, on the terms set forth in this Section 17.3(F), by giving notice thereof (the "Recapture Termination Notice") to Tenant not later than the Recapture Date (any such termination of this Lease with respect to the Recapture Space being referred to herein as a "Recapture Termination"). (2) If (x) Landlord gives to Tenant a Recapture Termination Notice, and (y) the Recapture Space constitutes the entire Premises, then the Tenn shall terminate on the Transfer Date. If the Tenn so terminates on the Transfer Date, then Tenant, on the Transfer Date, shall vacate the Premises and deliver exclusive possession thereof to Landlord in accordance with the terms of this Lease that govern Tenant's obligations upon the expiration or earlier termination of the Term. (3) If (x) Landlord gives to Tenant a Recapture Termination Notice, and (y) the Recapture Space does not constitute the entire Premises, then: (a) Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall demise the Recapture Space separately from the remainder of the Premises on or prior to the Transfer Date, (b) effective as of the Transfer Date, Tenant's Operating Expense Share shall be redetermined based on the ratio that (I) the number of square feet of Rentable Area of the Premises that remains after excluding therefrom the Recapture Space, bears to (II) the number of square feet of Rentable Area of the Building (other than any retail portion thereof), (c) effective as of the Transfer Date, Tenant's Tax Share shall be redetermined based on the ratio that (I) the number of square feet of Rentable Area of the Premises that remains after excluding therefrom the Recapture Space, bears to (II) the number of square feet of Rentable Area of the Building (including, without limitation, the retail portion thereof), (d) the Fixed Rent as set forth in Article 2 hereof at any particular time from and after the Transfer Date shall be reduced by an amount equal to the Fixed Rent that would have been due under this Lease for such calendar month for the applicable portion of the Premises that constitutes the Recapture Space, and (e) Tenant, on the Transfer Date, shall vacate the Recapture Space and deliver exclusive possession thereof to Landlord in accordance with the terms of this Lease that govern Tenant's obligations upon the expiration or earlier termination of the Tenn. (4) If (x) Landlord elects to consummate a Recapture Termination, and (y) the Transfer described in the applicable Transfer Notice constitutes a sublease or sublicense, then Tenant shall pay to Landlord, as additional rent, on the first day of each calendar month during the period from the Transfer Date to the date that the term of such sublease or sublicense would have expired under the Proposed Transfer Terms, an amount equal to the excess (if any) of: (a) the Rental (including, without limitation, the Electricity Additional Rent and other charges) that would have otherwise been due under this Lease for such calendar month for the Premises (or the applicable portion thereof) that constitutes the Recapture Space, over (b) the excess of (I) the rental (including, without limitation, supplemental charges) that would have been payable by the Transferee for such calendar month as contemplated by the Proposed Transfer Terms, over (II) the Amortized Transfer Expenses for such month that would have resulted from the Proposed Transfer Terms. Tenant's obligation to pay such amount to Landlord shall survive the termination of this Lease (or the termination of this Lease only with respect to the Recapture Space, as the case may be). (5) If (x) Landlord elects to consummate a Recapture Termination, and (y) the Transfer described in the applicable Transfer Notice constitutes an assignment of Tenant's interest under this Lease, then Tenant shall pay to Landlord the following amounts: (a) the present value of the consideration (if any) that would have been payable by Tenant to the Transferee under the Proposed Transfer Terms (calculated as of the Transfer Date using a discount rate equal to the Base Rate), and (b) the excess, if any, of (I) the present value of the Transfer Expenses that Tenant would have incurred under the Proposed Transfer Terms, over (II) the present value of the consideration (if any) that would have been payable by the Transferee to Tenant under the Proposed Transfer Terms (in either case calculated as of the Transfer Date using a discount rate equal to the Base Rate). Tenant shall pay the amounts described in clauses (a) and (b) above on the Transfer Date. Tenant's obligation to pay such amounts to Landlord shall survive the termination of this Lease (or the termination of this Lease only with respect to the Recapture Space, as the case may be). 17.4. Certain Transfer Rights. Landlord shall not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay Landlord's consent to a Permitted Party's consummating a Transfer, provided that: (A) Tenant has theretofore instituted the Recapture Procedure for such Transfer; provided, however, that Tenant shall not be required to have instituted the Recapture Procedure for a Transfer that is proposed to be consummated by a Permitted Party other than Tenant; (B) Landlord's right to elect to consummate a Recapture Sublease or a Recapture Termination (as the case may be) with respect to the proposed Transfer has lapsed (without Landlord's having exercised Landlord's rights to consummate a Recapture Sublease or a Recapture Termination (as the case may be)); provided, however, that this Section 17.4(B) shall not apply for a Transfer that is proposed to be consummated by a Permitted Party other than Tenant; (C) the Transfer is on terms that are at least as favorable to the Transferor as the Proposed Transfer Terms in all material respects; provided, however, that this Section 17.4(C) shall not apply for a Transfer that is proposed to be consummated by a Permitted Party other than Tenant; (D) the Transfer occurs no earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120th) day before the Transfer Date and no later than the one hundred twentieth (120th) day after the Transfer Date; provided, however, that this Section 17.4(D) shall not apply for a Transfer that is proposed to be consummated by a Permitted Party other than Tenant; (E) Tenant submits to Landlord a counterpart of the documents that the Transferor intends to use to consummate the proposed Transfer, which have been executed and delivered by the proposed Transferor and the proposed Transferee, and which are subject to no conditions to the effectiveness thereof (other than Landlord's granting Landlord's consent thereto); (F) the Premises (or the applicable portion thereof) has not been publicly advertised at a rental rate that is less than the prevailing rental rate set by Landlord for comparable space in the Building for a comparable term, or, if there is no comparable space for a comparable term, the prevailing rental rate reasonably determined by Landlord (it being understood that the mere listing of the Premises (or the applicable portion thereof) with a brokerage firm (without the proposed rental included therein) shall not violate the provisions of this clause (F)); (G) no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; (H) the proposed Transferee has a financial standing (taking into consideration the obligations of the Transferee under the applicable Occupancy Agreement) that is reasonably satisfactory to Landlord; (I) the proposed Transferee is of a character, is engaged in a business, and proposes to use the Premises (or the applicable portion thereof) in a manner that in each case is in keeping with the standards of a first-class office building in the vicinity of the Building; (J) if Landlord then has comparable space in the Building available for leasing, or Landlord reasonably expects to have comparable space in the Building available for leasing during the immediately succeeding period of six (6) months, neither the proposed Transferee, nor any Affiliate of the proposed Transferee, occupies any space in the Building (it being understood, however, that this clause (J) shall only apply in respect of Transfers that occur during the period of four (4) years commencing on the date hereof or that occur during the period of two (2) years before the Fixed Expiration Date); (K) neither the proposed Transferee, nor an Affiliate of the proposed Transferee, is a Person with whom Landlord is then engaged in bona fide negotiations regarding the leasing or subleasing of space in the Building for which a written proposal has been submitted to Landlord; (L) if the Transfer constitutes a sublease (or a further sublease), then the term thereof shall be for no less than three (3) years (unless such term commences less than three (3) years before the Fixed Expiration Date); (M) if the Transfer constitutes a sublease (or a further sublease) of a portion of the Premises, then such portion of the Premises shall consist of at least three thousand five hundred (3,500) contiguous square feet of Rentable Area; (N) the Transferor and each other Permitted Party (if any) whose interest is superior to the interest of the Transferor, and the Transferee, executes and delivers to Landlord a consent to the Transfer in a form reasonably designated by Landlord (which does not further restrict the Transferee's right to further assign or sublease beyond the limitations that are otherwise set forth in this Article 17); (0) if the Transfer constitutes an assignment of the tenant's interest under this Lease, the assignee has expressly assumed all of the obligations of Tenant hereunder to the extent accruing from and after the date that the Transfer is effective; and (P) if the Transfer constitutes a sublease (or a further sublease), such sublease provides expressly that (i) such sublease is subject and subordinate to the Lease (and to the terms thereof), and (ii) if this Lease terminates, then Landlord, at Landlord's option, may take over all of the right, title and interest of the Transferor under such sublease, and the Transferee, at Landlord's option, shall attorn to Landlord pursuant to the then executory provisions of such sublease, except that Landlord shall not be: (1) (2) the Transferor, liable for any act or omission of the Transferor under such sublease, subject to any defense or offsets which the Transferee may have against (3) bound by any previous payment that the Transferee made to the Transferor more than thirty (30) days in advance of the date that such payment was due, (4) bound by any obligation to make any payment to or on behalf of the Transferee, (5) bound by any obligation to perform any work or to make improvements to the Premises, or the applicable portion thereof demised by such sublease, (6) bound by any amendment or modification of such sublease made without Landlord's consent (which consent Landlord shall not withhold unreasonably to the extent provided in this Article 17), or (7) bound to return the Transferee's security deposit, if any, until such deposit has come into Landlord's actual possession and the Transferee is entitled to such security deposit pursuant to the terms of such sublease (the requirements of a proposed sublease as set forth in this Section l7.4(P) being collectively referred to herein as the "Basic Sublease Provisions"). 17.5. Deemed Approval. If (x) Tenant requests Land10rdts approval of a proposed Transfer as provided in Section 17.4 hereof, and (y) Landlord fails to respond to Tenant's request within twenty (20) Business Days after the date that Tenant gives Landlord notice thereof, then Landlord shall be deemed to have approved Tenant's aforesaid request for purposes of Section 17.5 hereof, provided that subsequent to such deemed approval the Transferor and each other Permitted Party (if any) whose interest is superior to the interest of the Transferor, and the Transferee, executes and delivers to Landlord a consent to the Transfer in a form reasonably designated by Landlord as provided in Section 17.4(N) hereof. 17.6. Transfer Taxes. Tenant shall pay any transfer taxes (and other similar charges and fees) that any Governmental Authority imposes in connection with any Transfer (including, without limitation, any such transfer taxes, charges or fees that a Governmental Authority imposes in connection with Landlord's exercising Landlord's rights to consummate a Recapture Sublease, a Recapture Assignment or a Recapture Termination (as the case may be). 17.7. Transfer Profit. (A) Subject to the terms of this Section 17.7 and Section 17.8 hereof, Tenant shall pay seventy-five percent (75%) of Transfer Profit to Landlord as additional rent. Tenant shall make payments to Landlord on account of Transfer Profit, in arrears, on the first (1 st) day of each calendar month during the Term in the same manner as Fixed Rent. (B) (1) The term "Transfer Profit" shall mean, with respect to any particular Transfer for any particular calendar month, the excess (if any) of (x) the Transfer Inflow for such Transfer for such calendar month, over (y) the sum of (I) the Transfer Outflow for such Transfer for such calendar month, and (II) the Amortized Transfer Expenses for such Transfer for such calendar month. (2) The term "Transfer Inflow" shall mean, with respect to any particular Transfer for any particular calendar month, the amount that the Transferor receives during such calendar month from or on behalf of the Transferee in connection with the applicable Transfer. (3) The term "Transfer Outflow" shall mean: (a) with respect to any Transfer that is a sublease (or a further sublease), the aggregate amount that the Transferor pays during the applicable calendar month for the Premises (or the applicable portion thereof that is involved in the Transfer) to the counterparty under the Occupancy Agreement through which the Transferor derives its rights to the Premises (or the applicable portion thereof that is involved in the Transfer), and (b) with respect to any Transfer that is an assignment of the tenant's interest under this Lease or the subtenant's interest under a sublease (or further sublease), the Transfer Outflow therefor shall be zero. (C) If the Transferor (or an Affiliate thereof) receives consideration from the Transferee (or an Affiliate thereof) in a transaction that occurs concurrently with the applicable Transfer, then the Transfer Inflow shall include (in addition to the consideration that the Transferor receives for the Transfer) an amount equal to the excess of (I) such other consideration, over (II) the cost that the Transferor (or such Affiliate thereof) incurs in acquiring any personal property that the Transferor (or such Affiliate thereof) transferred to the Transferee (or an Affiliate thereof) in such concurrent transaction (to the extent that such cost has not theretofore been amortized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles). 17.8. Permitted Transfers. (A) A Permitted Party shall have the right to assign such Permitted Party's entire interest under the applicable Occupancy Agreement to an Affiliate of such Permitted Party without (x) Landlord's prior approval, (y) Landlord's having the right to consummate a Recapture Termination or a Recapture Assignment in respect thereof, and (z) Tenant's being required to pay Transfer Profit to Landlord in connection therewith, provided that in each case (i) Tenant gives to Landlord, not later than the tenth (10th) Business Day after any such assignment is consummated, an instrument, duly executed by such Permitted Party and the aforesaid Affiliate of such Permitted Party, in form reasonably satisfactory to Landlord, to the effect that such Affiliate assumes all of the obligations of such Permitted Party under such Occupancy Agreement to the extent arising from and after the date of such assignment, and (ii) Tenant, with such notice, provides Landlord with reasonable evidence to the effect that the Person to which such Permitted Party is so assigning such Permitted Party's interest under such Occupancy Agreement constitutes an Affiliate of such Permitted Party. (B) The merger or consolidation of a Permitted Party into or with another Person shall be permitted without (x) Landlord's prior approval, (y) Landlord's having the right to consummate a Recapture Termination or a Recapture Assignment in respect thereof, and (z) Tenant's being required to pay Transfer Profit to Landlord in connection therewith, provided that in each case (i) such merger or consolidation is not principally for the purpose of transferring such Permitted Party's interest in the applicable Occupancy Agreement, (ii) Tenant gives Landlord notice of such merger or consolidation not later than the tenth (10th) Business Day after the occurrence thereof, and (iii) Tenant, within ten (10) Business Days after such merger or consolidation, provides Landlord with reasonable evidence that the requirement described in clause (i) above has been satisfied. (C) The assignment of a Permitted Party's entire interest under the applicable Occupancy Agreement in connection with the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of such Permitted Party shall be permitted without (x) Landlord's prior approval, (y) Landlord's having the right to consummate a Recapture Termination or a Recapture Assignment in respect thereof, and (z) Tenant's being required to pay Transfer Profit to Landlord in connection therewith, provided that in each case (i) Tenant gives to Landlord, not later than the tenth (10th) Business Day after any such assignment is consummated, an instrument, duly executed by such Permitted Party and the Transferee, in form reasonably satisfactory to Landlord, to the effect that such Transferee assumes all of the obligations of such Permitted Party to the extent arising under the applicable Occupancy Agreement from and after the date of such assignment, (ii) such sale of all or substantially all of the assets of such Permitted Party is not principally for the purpose of transferring such Permitted Party's interest in such Occupancy Agreement, and (iii) Tenant, within ten (10) Business Days after such sale, provides Landlord with reasonable evidence that the requirement described in clause (ii) above has been satisfied. (D) The direct or indirect transfer of shares or equity interests in a Permitted Party (including, without limitation, the issuance of treasury stock, or the creation or issuance of a new class of stock, in either case in the context of an initial public offering or in the context of a subsequent offering of equity securities) shall be permitted without (x) Landlord's prior approval, (y) Landlord's having the right to consummate a Recapture Termination or a Recapture Assignment in respect thereof, and (z) Tenant's being required to pay Transfer Profit to Landlord in connection therewith, provided that in each case (i) such transfer is not principally for the purpose of transferring the interest of such Permitted Party under the applicable Occupancy Agreement, (ii) Tenant gives Landlord notice of such transfer not later than the tenth (10th) Business Day after the occurrence thereof, and (iii) Tenant, within ten (10) Business Days after the date that such transfer occurs, provides Landlord with reasonable evidence that the requirement described in clause (i) has been satisfied (except that Tenant shall not be required to comply with this clause (iii) to the extent that such direct or indirect transfer of shares or equity interests is accomplished through the public "over-the-counter" securities market or through any recognized stock exchange). (E) A Permitted Party shall have the right to sublease or license (or further sublease or sublicense) the Premises, or any portion thereof, to an Affiliate of such Permitted Party, without (x) Landlord's prior approval, (y) Landlord's having the right to consummate a Recapture Termination or a Recapture Sublease in respect thereof, and (z) Tenant's being required to pay Transfer Profit to Landlord in connection therewith, provided that in each case (i) Tenant gives to Landlord a copy of such sublease or license, not later than the tenth (10th) Business Day after any such sublease or license is consummated, (ii) Tenant, with such copy of such sublease or license, provides Landlord with reasonable evidence to the effect that the Person to which such Permitted Party is so subleasing or licensing the Premises or a portion thereof constitutes an Affiliate of such Permitted Party, and (iii) such sublease includes the Basic SubleaseProvisions. 17.9. Special Occupants. A Permitted Party may permit portions of the Premises to be occupied, at any time and from time to time, by Persons who are not members, officers or employees of such Permitted Party (each such Person who is permitted to occupy portions of the Premises pursuant to this Section 17.9 being referred to herein as a "Special Occupant"), without (x) Landlord's prior approval, (y) Landlord's having the right to consummate a Recapture Termination or a Recapture Sublease in respect thereof, and (z) Tenant's being required to pay Transfer Profit to Landlord in connection therewith, provided that, in each case, (i) no demising walls are erected in the Premises separating the space used by a Special Occupant from the remainder of the Premises, (ii) the Special Occupant uses the Premises in conformity with all applicable provisions of this Lease, (iii) the use of any portion of the Premises by any Special Occupant shall not create any right, title or interest of the Special Occupant in or to the Premises, (iv) the portion of the Premises used by all Special Occupants shall not exceed fifteen percent (15%) of the Rentable Area of the Premises, (v) such Person maintains a business relationship with the applicable Permitted Party (other than by virtue of such occupancy) and such business relationship extends during the term of such occupancy, (vi) the Special Occupant does not pay for its occupancy rights an amount greater than the Rental that is reasonably allocable to the portion of the Premises that the Special Occupant has the right to occupy, and (vii) at least ten (10) days prior to a Special Occupant taking occupancy of a portion of the Premises, Tenant gives notice to Landlord advising Landlord of(1) the name and address of such Special Occupant, (2) the character and nature of the business to be conducted by such Special Occupant, (3) the number of square feet of Rentable Area to be occupied by such Special Occupant, (4) the duration of such occupancy, and (5) the rent, if any, to be paid by such Special Occupant for its use of the applicable portion of the Premises. Within ten (10) Business Days after request by Landlord from time to time, Tenant shall provide Landlord with a list of the names of all Special Occupants then occupying any portion of the Premises and a description of the spaces occupied thereby. 17.10. Recognition Agreements. (A) The term "Applicable Terms" shall mean all of the terms and conditions set forth in this Lease, except that: (1) the annual Fixed Rent payable by the applicable subtenant at any time from and after the Recognition Effective Date shall be an amount equal to the greater of (A) the rental that would have been payable by the applicable subtenant under the Major Sublease at such time if the applicable Major Sublease remained in effect, and (B) the Rental that would have otherwise become due under this Lease; (2) the term of the applicable subtenant's direct tenancy shall be extended to expire on the date that the term of this Lease would have expired had this Lease not terminated; (3) if, on the Recognition Effective Date, the tangible net worth of the applicable subtenant or the applicable Major Sublease Guarantor, determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, is less than five (5) times the Rental that is reasonably expected to be payable by the subtenant in connection with such direct tenancy for a period of one (1) year, then, on the Recognition Effective Date, the applicable subtenant shall deposit with Landlord an amount equal to the Cash Security Deposit that Tenant would have been otherwise required to have deposited with Landlord pursuant to Article 22 hereof (if this Lease had remained in effect) as security for such subtenant's obligations to Landlord in respect of such direct tenancy; (4) the applicable subtenant shall not have the right to such direct tenancy (and accordingly, the applicable subtenant, at Landlord's option, shall have no right to remain in occupancy of the applicable portion of the Premises from and after the Recognition Effective Date) if (v) this Lease is terminated by reason of an Event of Default that derives from the applicable subtenant's default under the applicable Major Sublease, (w) on the day immediately preceding the Recognition Effective Date, the applicable Major Sublease would not satisfy the requirements for a Major Sublease as set forth in the definition thereof, (x) on the day immediately preceding the Recognition Effective Date, the applicable subtenant does not occupy at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Rentable Area that is demised by the Major Sublease for the conduct of business, or (y) the applicable subtenant is the Person, or an Affiliate of the Person, that constituted Tenant immediately prior to the Recognition Effective Date; (5) Landlord shall not have any obligation to consummate Recognition Agreements with further subtenants of any such subtenant; (6) the Applicable Terms shall not include any rights that Tenant did not grant to the subtenant under the applicable Major Sublease; and (7) Landlord shall not be: (a) Recognition Effective Date; liable for any act or omission of such subtenant's lessor prior to the (b) subject to any credits, defenses or offsets which the applicable subtenant may have against any prior lessor; (c) bound by any payment of rental which the applicable subtenant may have made to any prior lessor more than thirty (30) days in advance of the month in which such payment was due; or (d) bound by any of the provisions of the applicable Major Sublease. (B) The term "Maior Sublease" shall mean a sublease, between Tenant, as sublessor, and a third party, as sublessee, which: (1) this Article 17, Tenant enters into as the Transferor in accordance with the provisions of demises to the sublessee not less than the entire Premises, and (2) (3) expires no earlier than the day immediately preceding the Fixed Expiration Date. (C) The term "Malor Sublease Guarantor" shall mean a Person that executes and delivers a Recognition Agreement or another agreement to guaranty (on terms that are reasonably acceptable to Landlord) the performance of the obligations of the subtenant under a Major Sublease on the Applicable Terms if such subtenant becomes the direct tenant of Landlord. (D) The term "Recognition Effective Date" shall mean the date that Landlord becomes the direct lessor of the applicable subtenant under a Major Sublease as contemplated by a Recognition Agreement. (E) If Tenant enters into a Major Sublease, then, subject to the terms of this Section 17.10, Landlord, promptly after Tenant's request, shall execute and deliver to the applicable subtenant under such Major Sublease, and Tenant shall cause the subtenant under the applicable Major Sublease to execute and deliver to Landlord, an agreement (a "Recognition Agreement"), in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Landlord, to the effect that if this Lease terminates during the term of the applicable Major Sublease for any reason other than by reason of the occurrence of a fire or other casualty, or a condemnation, or Tenant's exercising Tenant's right to terminate this Lease in accordance with the express terms hereof, then (i) Landlord will not evict such subtenant, disturb such subtenant's possession or terminate or disturb such subtenant's occupancy of the space that the applicable Major Sublease demises, and will recognize such subtenant as the direct tenant of Landlord on the Applicable Terms from and after the Recognition Effective Date, and (ii) such subtenant will recognize Landlord as such subtenant's direct landlord on the Applicable Terms from and after the Recognition Effective Date. Tenant shall not have the right to request a Recognition Agreement as contemplated by this Section 17.10 (w) if the subtenant under the applicable Major Sublease is Tenant or an Affiliate of Tenant, (x) if an Event of Default has occurred and is then continuing, or (y) if the financial condition of the applicable subtenant is not reasonably satisfactory to Landlord (it being understood that if the tangible net worth of such subtenant or any applicable Major Sublease Guarantor, determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, is equal to or greater than fifteen (15) times the annual Rental that would be reasonably expected to be payable by the applicable subtenant to Landlord pursuant to the Applicable Terms, then such subtenant's financial condition shall be deemed to be reasonably satisfactory to Landlord). (F) Tenant shall submit to Landlord, with each request for a Recognition Agreement, financial information regarding the subtenant for whose benefit such agreement is requested, including, without limitation, documentation of such subtenant's net worth, determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. (G) Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for the reasonable out-of-pocket costs incurred by Landlord in consummating a Recognition Agreement within thirty (30) days after Landlord's request therefor. Landlord shall include with any such request reasonable supporting documentation for the charges described therein. Article 18 DEFAULT 18.1. Events of Default. The term "Event of Default" shall mean the occurrence of any of the following events: (A) Tenant fails to pay any installment of Fixed Rent when due and such failure continues for four (4) Business Days after the date that Landlord gives notice of such failure to Tenant; provided, however, that if (x) Tenant fails to pay any installment of Fixed Rent when due, and (y) Tenant has theretofore failed to pay more than two (2) installments of Fixed Rent when due during the immediately preceding period of twelve (12) months, then Tenant's failure to pay such installment of Fixed Rent shall constitute an Event of Default (without Landlord's being required to first give Tenant notice of such failure and an opportunity to cure such failure, as aforesaid); (B) Tenant fails to pay any installment of Rental (other than Fixed Rent) when due and such failure continues for four (4) Business Days after the date that Landlord gives notice of such failure to Tenant; (C) a Permitted Party's interest under the applicable Occupancy Agreement devolves upon or passes to any other Person, whether by operation of law or otherwise, except as expressly permitted under Article 17 hereof; (D) Tenant defaults in respect of Tenant's obligations under Section 4.10 hereof, and such default continues for more than three (3) Business Days after Landlord gives Tenant notice thereof; (E) Tenant defaults in respect of Tenant's obligations under Section 7.5(A)(2) hereof, and such default continues for more than five (5) Business Days after Landlord gives Tenant notice thereof; (F) if Tenant deposits the Letter of Credit with Landlord in accordance with the terms of Section 22.2 hereof, Landlord presents the Letter of Credit for payment in accordance with the terms hereof and the issuer thereof fails to make payment thereon in accordance with the terms thereof; (G) Tenant fails to deposit with Landlord any portion of the Cash Security Deposit that Landlord applies after the occurrence of an Event of Default as provided in Section 22.3 hereof or provide Landlord with a replacement Letter of Credit after Landlord presents the Letter of Credit for payment to apply the proceeds thereof after the occurrence of an Event of Default as provided in Section 22.3 hereof in either case within five (5) Business Days after the date that Landlord gives Tenant notice demanding that Tenant make such deposit or provide such replacement; or (H) Tenant defaults in the observance or performance of any other covenant of this Lease on Tenant's part to be observed or performed and Tenant fails to remedy such default within twenty (20) days after Landlord gives Tenant notice thereof, except that if (i) such default cannot be remedied with reasonable diligence during such period of twenty (20) days, (ii) Tenant takes reasonable steps during such period of twenty (20) days to commence Tenant's remedying of such default, and (iii) Tenant prosecutes diligently Tenant's remedying of such default to completion, then an Event of Default shall not occur by reason of such default. 18.2. Termination. If (1) an Event of Default occurs, and (2) Landlord, at any time thereafter, at Landlord's option, gives a notice to Tenant stating that this Lease and the Term shall expire and terminate on the third (3rd) Business Day after the date that Landlord gives Tenant such notice, then this Lease and the Term and all rights of Tenant under this Lease shall expire and terminate as of the third (3rd) Business Day after the date that Landlord gives Tenant such notice, and Tenant immediately shall quit and surrender the Premises, but Tenant shall nonetheless remain liable for all of its obligations hereunder, as provided in Article 20 hereof and Article 21 hereof. Article 19 TENANT'S INSOLVENCY 19.1. Assignments pursuant to the Bankruptcy Code. (A) The term "Bankruptcy Code" shall mean 11 U.S.C. Section 101 et seq., or any statute of similar nature and purpose. (B) If Tenant proposes to assign the tenant's interest hereunder pursuant to the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code to any Person that has made a bona fide offer to accept an assignment of the tenant's interest under this Lease on terms acceptable to Tenant, then Tenant shall give to Landlord notice of such proposed assignment no later than twenty (20) days after the date that Tenant receives such offer, but in any event no later than ten (10) days before the date that Tenant makes application to a court of competent jurisdiction for authority and approval to consummate such assignment. Such notice given by Tenant to Landlord shall (a) set forth the name and address of such Person that has made such bona fide offer, (b) set forth all of the terms and conditions of such bona fide offer, and (c) confirm that such Person will provide to Landlord adequate assurance of future performance that conforms with the terms of Section 19.1 (C) hereof. Landlord shall have the right to accept an assignment of this Lease upon the same terms and conditions and for the same consideration, if any, as the bona fide offer made by such Person (less any brokerage commissions that would otherwise be payable by Tenant out of the consideration to be paid by such Person in connection with such assignment of the tenant's interest under this Lease), by giving notice thereof to Tenant at any time prior to the effective date of such proposed assignment. (C) A Person that submits a bona fide offer to take by assignment the tenant's interest under this Lease as described in Section 19.1(B) hereof shall be deemed to have provided Landlord with adequate assurance of future performance only if such Person (a) deposits with Landlord simultaneously with such assignee's taking by assignment the tenant's interest under this Lease an amount equal to the then annual Fixed Rent, as security for the faithful performance and observance by such assignee of the tenant's obligations of this Lease (and such Person gives to Landlord, at least five (5) days prior to the date that the proposed assignment becomes effective, information reasonably satisfactory to Landlord that indicates that such Person has the ability to post such deposit), (b) gives to Landlord, at least five (5) days prior to the date that the proposed assignment becomes effective, such Person's financial statements, audited by a certified public accountant in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied, for the three (3) fiscal years that immediately precede such assignment, that indicate that such Person has a tangible net worth of at least ten (10) times the then annual Fixed Rent for each of such three (3) years, and ( c) gives to Landlord, at least five (5) days prior to the date that the proposed assignment becomes effective, such other information or takes such action that in either case Landlord, in its reasonable judgment, determines is necessary to provide adequate assurance of the performance by such assignee of the obligations of the tenant under this Lease; provided, however, that in no event shall such adequate assurance of future performance be less favorable to Landlord than the assurance contemplated by Section 365(b)(3) of the Bankruptcy Code (notwithstanding that this Lease may be construed as a lease of real property in a shopping center). (D) If Tenant's interest under this Lease is assigned to any Person pursuant to the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code, then any such assignee shall (x) be deemed without further act or deed to have assumed all the obligations of the tenant arising under this Lease from and after the date of such assignment, and (y) execute and deliver to Landlord upon demand an instrument confirming such assumption. (E) Nothing contained in this Article 19 limits Landlord's rights against Tenant under Article 17 hereof. 19.2. Replacement Lease. If (i) Tenant is not the Person that constituted Tenant initially, and (ii) either (I) this Lease is disaffinned or rejected pursuant to the Bankruptcy Code, or (II) this Lease terminates by reason of occurrence of an Insolvency Event, then, subject to the terms of this Section 19.2, the Persons that constituted Tenant hereunder previously, including, without limitation, the Person that constituted Tenant initially (each such Person that previously constituted Tenant hereunder (but does not then constitute Tenant hereunder), and with respect to which Landlord exercises Landlord's rights under this Section 19.2, being referred to herein as a "Predecessor Tenant") shall (1) pay to Landlord the aggregate Rental that is then due and owing by Tenant to Landlord under this Lease to and including the date of such disaffinnance, rejection or termination, and (2) enter into a new lease, between Landlord, as landlord, and the Predecessor Tenant, as tenant, for the Premises, and for a term commencing on the effective date of such disaffinnance, rejection or termination and ending on the Fixed Expiration Date, at the same Fixed Rent and upon the then executory terms that are contained in this Lease, except that (a) the Predecessor Tenant's rights under the new lease shall be subject to the possessory rights of Tenant under this Lease and the possessory rights of any Person claiming by, through or under Tenant or by virtue of any statute or of any order of any court, and (b) such new lease shall require all defaults existing under this Lease to be cured by the Predecessor Tenant with reasonable diligence. Landlord shall have the right to require the Predecessor Tenant to execute and deliver such new lease on the terms set forth in this Section 19.2 only by giving notice thereof to Tenant within thirty (30) days after Landlord receives notice of any such disaffinnance or rejection (or, if this Lease terminates by reason of Landlord making an election to do so, then Landlord may exercise such right only by giving such notice to Tenant within thirty (30) days after this Lease so terminates). If the Predecessor Tenant defaults in its obligation to enter into said new lease for a period often (10) days following Landlord's request therefor, then, in addition to all other rights and remedies by reason of such default, either at law or in equity, Landlord shall have the same rights and remedies against such Predecessor Tenant as if such Predecessor Tenant had entered into such new lease and such new lease had thereafter been terminated as of the commencement date thereof by reason of such Predecessor Tenant's default thereunder. 19.3. Insolvency Events. This Lease shall terminate automatically upon the occurrence of any of the following events: (A) a Tenant Obligor commences or institutes any case, proceeding or other action (a) seeking relief on its behalf as debtor, or to adjudicate it a bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, winding-up, liquidation, dissolution, composition or other relief with respect to it or its debts under any existing or future law of any jurisdiction, domestic or foreign, relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors, or (b) seeking appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian or other similar official for it or for all or any substantial part of its property; or (B) a Tenant Obligor makes a general assignment for the benefit of creditors; or (C) any case, proceeding or other action is commenced or instituted against a Tenant Obligor (a) seeking to have an order for relief entered against it as debtor or to adjudicate it a bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, winding-up, liquidation, dissolution, composition or other relief with respect to it or its debts under any existing or future law of any jurisdiction, domestic or foreign, relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors, or (b) seeking appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian or other similar official for it or for all or any substantial part of its property, which in either of such cases (i) results in any such entry of an order for relief, adjudication of bankruptcy or insolvency or such an appointment or the issuance or entry of any other order having a similar effect, and (ii) remains undismissed for a period of sixty (60) days; or (D) any case, proceeding or other action is commenced or instituted against a Tenant Obligor seeking issuance of a warrant of attachment, execution, distraint or similar process against all or any substantial part of its property which results in the entry of an order for any such relief which is not vacated, discharged, or stayed or bonded pending appeal within sixty (60) days from the entry thereof; or (E) a Tenant Obligor takes any action in furtherance of, or indicating its consent to, approval of, or acquiescence in, any of the acts set forth in clauses (A), (B), (C), or (D) above; or (F) a trustee, receiver or other custodian is appointed for any substantial part of a Tenant Obligor's assets, and such appointment is not vacated or stayed within fifteen (15) Business Days (the events described in this Section 19.3 being collectively referred to herein as "Insolvency Events"). The term "Tenant Obligor" shall mean (a) Tenant, (b) any Person that comprises Tenant (if Tenant is comprised of more than one (1) Person), (c) any partner in Tenant (if Tenant is a general partnership), (d) any general partner in Tenant (if Tenant is a limited partnership), (e) any Person that has guarantied all or any part of the obligations of Tenant hereunder (if such Person is an Affiliate of Tenant), and (f) any Person that (x) preceded Tenant as the tenant hereunder, and (y) is an Affiliate of Tenant. If this Lease terminates pursuant to this Section 19.3, then (1) Tenant immediately shall quit and surrender the Premises, and (II) Tenant shall nonetheless remain liable for all of its obligations hereunder, as provided in Article 20- hereof and Article 21 hereof. 19.4. Effect of Stay. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if (i) Landlord's right to terminate this Lease after the occurrence of an Event of Default, or the termination of this Lease upon the occurrence of an Insolvency Event, is stayed by order of any court having jurisdiction over an Insolvency Event, or by federal or state statute, (ii) the trustee appointed in connection with an Insolvency Event, or Tenant or Tenant a debtor-in-possession, fails to assume Tenant's obligations under this Lease on or prior to the earliest to occur of (a) the last day of the period prescribed therefor by law, (b) the one hundred twentieth (120th) day after entry of the order for relief, or (c) a date that is otherwise designated by the court, or (iii) said trustee, Tenant or Tenant as debtor-in-possession fails to provide adequate protection of Landlord's right, title and interest in and to the Premises or adequate assurance of the complete and continuous future performance of Tenant's obligations under this Lease as provided in Section 19.1(C) hereof, then Landlord, to the extent permitted by law or by leave of the court having jurisdiction over such proceeding, shall have the right, at its election, to terminate this Lease on five (5) Business Days of advance notice to Tenant, Tenant as debtor-in-possession or said trustee, and, upon the expiration of said period of fi ve (5) Business Days, this Lease shall cease and expire as aforesaid and Tenant, Tenant as debtor-in-possession or said trustee shall immediately quit and surrender the Premises as aforesaid. 19.5. Rental for Bankruptcy Purposes. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Lease to the contrary, all amounts payable by Tenant to or on behalf of Landlord under this Lease, regardless of whether such amounts are expressly denominated as Rental, shall constitute rent for the purposes of Section 502(b)( 6) of the Bankruptcy Code, and Tenant's payment obligations with respect thereto shall constitute obligations to be timely performed pursuant to Section 365(d) of the Bankruptcy Code. Article 20 REMEDIES AND DAMAGES 20.1. Certain Remedies. (A) If (x) an Event of Default occurs and this Lease and the Term expires and comes to an end as provided in Article 18 hereof, or (y) this Lease terminates as provided in Section 19.3 hereof, then: (1) Tenant shall immediately quit and peacefully surrender the Premises to Landlord, and Landlord and its agents may, without prejudice to any other remedy which Landlord may have, (a) re-enter the Premises or any part thereof, without notice, either by summary proceedings, or by any other applicable action or proceeding, or by lawful force or otherwise (without being liable to indictment, prosecution or damages therefor), (b) repossess the Premises and dispossess Tenant and any other Persons from the Premises, and ( c) remove any and all of their property and effects from the Premises; and (2) Landlord, at Landlord's option, may relet the whole or any portion or portions of the Premises from time to time, either in the name of Landlord or otherwise, to such tenant or tenants, for such term or terms ending before, on or after the Fixed Expiration Date, at such rental or rentals and upon such other conditions, which may include concessions and [Tee rent periods, as Landlord, in its sole discretion, may determine. (B) Landlord shall have no obligation to relet the Premises or any part thereof and shall not be liable for refusal or failure to relet the Premises or any part thereof, or, in the event of any such reletting, for refusal or failure to collect any rent due upon any such reletting. Any such refusal or failure on Landlord's part shall not relieve Tenant of any liability under this Lease or otherwise affect any such liability. Landlord, at Landlord's option, may make such repairs, replacements, alterations, additions, improvements, decorations and other physical changes in and to the Premises as Landlord, in its sole discretion, considers advisable or necessary in connection with any such reletting or proposed reletting, without relieving Tenant of any liability under this Lease or otherwise affecting any such liability. (C) In the event of a breach or threatened breach by Tenant, or any Persons claiming by, through or under Tenant, of any term, covenant or condition of this Lease, Landlord shall have the right to (1) enjoin or restrain such breach, (2) invoke any other remedy allowed by law or in equity as if re-entry, summary proceedings and other special remedies were not provided in this Lease for such breach, and (3) seek any declaratory, injunctive or other equitable relief, and specifically enforce this Lease. The right to invoke the remedies hereinbefore set forth are cumulative and nonexclusive and shall not preclude Landlord from invoking any other remedy allowed at law or in equity. 20.2. No Redemption. Tenant, on its own behalf and on behalf of all Persons claiming by, through or under Tenant, including all creditors, does hereby waive any and all rights which Tenant and all such Persons might have under any present or future law to redeem the Premises, or to re-enter or repossess the Premises, or to restore the operation of this Lease, after (a) Tenant has been dispossessed by a judgment or by warrant of any court or judge, or (b) any re-entry by Landlord, or (c) any expiration or termination of this Lease and the Term, whether such dispossess, reentry, expiration or termination is by operation of law or pursuant to the provisions of this Lease. The words "re-enter," "re-entry" and "re-entered" as used in this Lease shall not be deemed to be restricted to their technical legal meanings. 20.3. Calculation of Damages. (A) If this Lease terminates by reason of the occurrence of an Event of Default or by reason of the occurrence of an Insolvency Event, then Tenant shall pay to Landlord, on demand, and Landlord shall be entitled to recover: (1) all Rental payable under this Lease by Tenant to Landlord (x) to the date that this Lease terminates, or (y) to the date of re-entry upon the Premises by Landlord, as the case may be; (2) the excess of (a) the Rental for the period which otherwise would have constituted the unexpired portion of the Term, over (b) the net amount, if any, of rents collected under any reletting effected pursuant to the provisions of clause (2) of Section 20.1 (A) hereof for any part of such period (such excess being referred to herein as a "Deficiency"), as damages (it being understood that (x) such net amount described in clause (b) above shall be calculated by deducting from the rents collected under any such reletting all of Landlord's expenses in connection with the termination of this Lease, Landlord's re-entry upon the Premises and such reletting, including, but not limited to, all repossession costs, brokerage commissions, legal expenses, attorneys' fees and disbursements, alteration costs, contributions to work and other expenses of preparing the Premises for such reletting, (y) any such Deficiency shall be paid in monthly installments by Tenant on the days specified in this Lease for payment of installments of Fixed Rent, and (z) Landlord shall be entitled to recover from Tenant each monthly Deficiency as it arises, and no suit to collect the amount of the Deficiency for any month shall prejudice Landlord's right to collect the Deficiency for any subsequent month by a similar proceeding); and (3) regardless of whether Landlord has collected any monthly Deficiency as aforesaid, and in lieu of any further Deficiency, as and for liquidated and agreed final damages, an amount equal to the excess of (a) the Rental for the period which otherwise would have constituted the unexpired portion of the Term (commencing on the date immediately succeeding the last date with respect to which a Deficiency, if any, was collected), over (b) the then fair and reasonable net effective rental value of the Premises for the same period (which is calculated by deducting from the fair and reasonable rental value of the Premises the expenses that Landlord would reasonably expect to incur in reletting the Premises, including, but not limited to, all repossession costs, brokerage commissions, legal expenses, attorneys' fees and disbursements, alteration costs, contributions to work and other expenses of preparing the Premises for such reletting), both discounted to present value at the Base Rate. If, before presentation of proof of such liquidated damages to any court, commission or tribunal, the Premises, or any part thereof, have been relet by Landlord for the period which otherwise would have constituted the unexpired portion of the Term, or any part thereof, then the amount of rent reserved upon such reletting shall be deemed, prima facie, to be the fair and reasonable rental value of the Premises (or the applicable part thereof) so relet during the term of the reletting. (B) If the Premises, or any part thereof, are relet together with other space in the Building, then the rents collected or reserved under any such reletting and the expenses of any such reletting shall be equitably apportioned for the purposes of this Section 20.3. Tenant acknowledges and agrees that in no event shall it be entitled to any rents collected or payable under any reletting, regardless of whether such rents exceed the Rental reserved in this Lease. (C) Nothing contained in this Article 20 shall be deemed to limit or preclude the recovery by Landlord from Tenant of the maximum amount allowed to be obtained as damages by any statute or rule of law, or of any sums or damages to which Landlord may be entitled in addition to the damages set forth in this Section 20.3. Article 21 LANDLORD'S EXPENSES AND LATE CHARGES 21.1. Landlord's Costs After Event of Default. Tenant shall pay to Landlord an amount equal to the reasonable costs that Landlord incurs in instituting or prosecuting any legal proceeding against Tenant (or any other Person claiming by, through or under Tenant) after the occurrence of an Event of Default, together with interest thereon calculated at the Applicable Rate from the date that Landlord incurs such costs, within thirty (30) days after Landlord gives to Tenant an invoice therefor (it being understood that Landlord shall have the right to collect such amount from Tenant as additional rent to the extent that Landlord incurs such costs during the Term and as damages to the extent that Landlord incurs such costs after the Expiration Date). 21.2. Interest on Late Payments. If Tenant fails to pay any item of Rental on or prior to the fourth (4th) day after the date that such payment is due, then Tenant shall pay to Landlord, in addition to such item of Rental, as a late charge and as additional rent, an amount equal to interest at the Applicable Rate on the amount unpaid, computed from the date such payment was due to and including the date of payment. Nothing contained in this Section 21.2 limits Landlord's rights and remedies, by operation of law or otherwise, after the occurrence of an Event of Default. Article 22 SECURITY 22.1. Security Deposit. Subject to the terms of this Article 22, Tenant, on the date hereof, shall deposit with Landlord, as security for the performance of Tenant's obligations under this Lease, an amount in cash equal to Five Hundred Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($500,000.00) (the "Cash Security Deposit"). Landlord shall deposit the Cash Security Deposit in an interest-bearing account at a bank designated from time to time by Landlord. Landlord shall cause the interest earned on the Cash Security Deposit to be paid to Tenant annually, except that Landlord shall be entitled to retain an annual administrative fee in an amount equal to the lesser of (x) the interest earned on the Cash Security Deposit, and (y) one percent (1 %) of the Cash Security Deposit. 22.2. Letter of Credit. Tenant, at any time during the Term, shall have the right to deliver to Landlord a "clean," unconditional, irrevocable and transferable letter of credit (the "Letter of Credit") that (i) is in the amount of the Cash Security Deposit, (ii) is in a form that is reasonably satisfactory to Landlord, (iii) is issued for a term of not less than one (1) year, (iv) is issued for the account of Landlord, (v) automatically renews for periods of not less than one (1) year unless the issuer thereof otherwise advises Landlord on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day before the applicable expiration date, (vi) allows Landlord the right to draw thereon in part from time to time or in full, and (vii) is issued by, and drawn on, a bank that has a Standard & Poor's rating of at least "AA" (or, if Standard & Poor's hereafter ceases the publication of ratings for banks, a rating of a reputable rating agency as reasonably designated by Landlord that most closely approximates a Standard & Poor's rating of "AA" as of the date hereof) and that has an office in the city where the Building is located at which Landlord can present the Letter of Credit for payment (the aforesaid rating of the bank that issues the Letter of Credit being referred to herein as the "Bank Rating"). If Tenant gives notice to Landlord at least thirty (30) days before the date that Tenant delivers to Landlord the Letter of Credit, then Landlord shall deliver to Tenant, simultaneously with Tenant's delivery of the Letter of Credit to Landlord, the Cash Security Deposit (or the portion thereof that then remains unapplied in accordance with the terms of this Article 22). If Tenant does not give such notice to Landlord, then Landlord shall deliver to Tenant the Cash Security Deposit (or such portion thereof) on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day after Tenant gives the Letter of Credit to Landlord. 22.3. Landlord's Rights. If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, then Landlord may apply the whole or any part of the Cash Security Deposit or present the Letter of Credit for payment and apply the proceeds thereof, as the case may be, (i) to the payment of any Rental that then remains unpaid, or (ii) to any damages that Landlord incurs by reason of such Event of Default. If Landlord so applies any part of the Cash Security Deposit or the proceeds of the Letter of Credit, as the case may be, then Tenant, upon demand, shall deposit with Landlord the cash amount so applied or provide Landlord with a replacement Letter of Credit so that Landlord has the full amount of the required security at all times during the Term. If (x) Tenant deposits the Letter of Credit with Landlord as provided in Section 22.2 hereof, and (y) at any time the Bank Rating of the issuer of the Letter of Credit is less than "AA" (or, if Standard & Poor's hereafter ceases the publication of ratings for banks, the Bank Rating of the issuer of the Letter of Credit is less than a rating of a reputable rating agency as reasonably designated by Landlord that most closely approximates a Standard & Poor's rating of "AA" as of the date hereof), then Tenant shall deliver to Landlord a replacement Letter of Credit, issued by a bank that has a Bank Rating that satisfies the aforesaid requirement (and otherwise meets the requirements set forth in Section 22.2 hereof) within fifteen (15) days after the date that Landlord gives Tenant notice of such deficiency in such issuer's rating. If Tenant fails to deliver to Landlord such replacement Letter of Credit within such period of fifteen (15) days, then Landlord, in addition to Landlord's other rights at law, in equity or as otherwise set forth herein, shall have the right to present the Letter of Credit for payment and retain the proceeds thereof as security in lieu of the Letter of Credit (it being agreed that Landlord shall have the right to use, apply and transfer such proceeds in the manner described in this Article 22). Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for any reasonable costs that Landlord incurs in so presenting the Letter of Credit for payment within thirty (30) days after Landlord submit to Tenant an invoice therefore. Tenant shall not assign or encumber or attempt to assign or encumber the Cash Security Deposit. Nothing contained in this Section 22.3 limits Landlord's rights or remedies in equity, at law, or as otherwise set forth herein. 22.4. Return of Security. Landlord shall return to Tenant the Cash Security Deposit (or the unapplied portion thereof, as the case may be) or the Letter of Credit (to the extent not theretofore presented for payment in accordance with the terms hereof), as the case may be, within thirty (30) days after Tenant performs all of the obligations of Tenant hereunder upon the expiration or earlier termination of the Term. 22.5. Transfer of Letter of Credit. If Tenant gives the Letter of Credit to Landlord as contemplated by this Article 22, then Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall cause the issuer thereof to amend the Letter of Credit to name a new beneficiary thereunder in connection with Landlord's assignment of Landlord's rights under this Lease to a Person that succeeds to Landlord's interest in the Real Property, promptly after Landlord's request from time to time. 22.6. Renewal of Letter of Credit. If (i) Tenant delivers the Letter of Credit to Landlord as contemplated by this Article 22, and (ii) Tenant fails to provide Landlord with a replacement Letter of Credit that complies with the requirements of this Article 22 on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day before the expiration date of the Letter of Credit that is then expiring, then Landlord may present the Letter of Credit for payment and retain the proceeds thereof as security in lieu of the Letter of Credit (it being agreed that Landlord shall have the right to use, apply and transfer such proceeds in the manner described in this Article 22). Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for any reasonable costs that Landlord incurs in so presenting the Letter of Credit for payment within thirty (30) days after Landlord submit to Tenant an invoice therefor. Landlord also shall have the right to so present the Letter of Credit and so retain the proceeds thereof as security in lieu of the Letter of Credit at any time from and after the thirtieth (30th) day before the Expiration Date if the Letter of Credit expires earlier than the ninetieth (90th) day after the Expiration Date. 22.7. Reduction in Security Amount. (A) Subject to the terms of this Section 22.7, Tenant shall have the right to reduce the amount of the Cash Security Deposit or the Letter of Credit, as the case may be, to Four Hundred Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($400,000) as of the date that is two (2) years after the Rent Commencement Date, and to further reduce the amount of the Cash Security Deposit or the Letter of Credit, as the case may be, to Three Hundred Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($300,000) as of the date that is four (4) years after the Rent Commencement Date, and to further reduce the amount of the Cash Security Deposit or the Letter of Credit, as the case may be, to Two Hundred Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($200,000) as of the date that is six (6) years after the Rent Commencement Date, and to further reduce the amount of the Cash Security Deposit or the Letter of Credit, as the case may be, to One Hundred Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($100,000) as of the date that is eight (8) years after the Rent Commencement Date. Tenant shall increase the amount of the Cash Security Deposit or the Letter of Credit (as the case may be) to One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) if, at any time during the Term, (x) Tenant's tangible net worth, as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, is less than Seven Million Dollars ($7,000,000), and (y) Tenant does not have on hand cash and cash equivalents in the amount of at least Seven Million Dollars ($7,000,000) (with the understanding that if, at any time during the Term, the events as described in clauses (x) and (y) above occur, then Tenant shall not have any right thereafter to reduce the amount of the Cash Security Deposit or the Letter of Credit (as the case may be) as otherwise contemplated by this Section 22.6). (B) Tenant shall have the right to request any such reduction only by giving notice thereof to Landlord at any time from and after the tenth (lOth) day before the date that Tenant is entitled to such reduction. Tenant shall not be entitled to reduce the amount of the Cash Security Deposit or the Letter of Credit, as the case may be, if (I) an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing on the date that Tenant requests such reduction or the date that Landlord consummates such reduction, or (II) Landlord theretofore applied all or any portion of the security deposited hereunder. If Tenant requests and is entitled to any such reduction in accordance with the terms of this Section 22.7, then Landlord shall release the appropriate amount from the Cash Security Deposit within ten (10) days after the date that Tenant makes such request or permit Tenant, at Tenant's expense, to amend or replace the Letter of Credit to reflect such reduction, as the case may be. Article 23 END OF TERM 23.1. End of Term. On the Expiration Date, Tenant shall quit and surrender to Landlord the Premises, vacant, broom-clean, in good order and condition, ordinary wear and tear and damage for which Tenant is not responsible under the terms of this Lease excepted, and otherwise in compliance with the provisions hereof. Tenant expressly waives, for itself and for any Person claiming by, through or under Tenant, any rights which Tenant or any such Person may have under the provisions of Section 2201 of the New York Civil Practice Law and Rules and of any successor law of like import then in force in connection with any holdover summary proceedings that Landlord institutes to enforce the provisions of this Article 23. 23.2. Holdover. If vacant and exclusive possession of the Premises is not surrendered to Landlord on the Expiration Date, then Tenant shall pay to Landlord on account of use and occupancy of the Premises, for each month (or any portion thereof) during which Tenant (or a Person claiming by, through or under Tenant) holds over in the Premises after the Expiration Date, an amount equal to the greater of (i) two (2) times the aggregate Rental that was payable under this Lease during the last month of the Term, and (ii) the then fair market rental value of the Premises. Landlord's right to collect such amount from Tenant for use and occupancy shall be in addition to any other rights or remedies that Landlord may have hereunder or at law or in equity (including, without limitation, Landlord's right to recover Landlord's damages from Tenant that derive from vacant and exclusive possession of the Premises not being surrendered to Landlord on the Expiration Date); provided, however, that Landlord shall not have the right to pursue Tenant for such damages unless Tenant fails to deliver vacant and exclusive possession of the Premises to Landlord within ninety (90) days after the Expiration Date. Nothing contained in this Section 23.2 shall permit Tenant to retain possession of the Premises after the Expiration Date or limit in any manner Landlord's right to regain possession of the Premises, through summary proceedings or otherwise. Landlord's acceptance of any payments from Tenant after the Expiration Date shall be deemed to be on account of the amount to be paid by Tenant in accordance with the provisions of this Article 23. Article 24 NO WAIVER 24.1. No Surrender. (A) Landlord shall be deemed to have accepted a surrender of the Premises only if Landlord executes and delivers to Tenant a written instrument providing expressly therefor. (B) No employee of Landlord or of Landlord's agents shall have any power to accept the keys to the Premises prior to the Expiration Date. The delivery of such keys to any employee of Landlord or of Landlord's agents shall not operate as a termination of this Lease or a surrender of the Premises. If Tenant at any time desires to have Landlord sublet the Premises on Tenant's account, then Landlord or Landlord's agents are authorized to receive said keys for such purpose without releasing Tenant from any of Tenant's obligations under this Lease. 24.2. No Waiver by Landlord. (1) Landlord's failure to seek redress for violation of, or to insist upon the strict performance of, any covenant or condition of this Lease, or any of the Rules, shall not be deemed to be a waiver thereof. The receipt by Landlord of Rental with knowledge of the breach of any covenant of this Lease by Tenant shall not be deemed a waiver of such breach. (2) No payment by Tenant or receipt by Landlord of a lesser amount than the monthly Fixed Rent or other item of Rental herein stipulated shall be deemed to be other than on account of the earliest stipulated Fixed Rent or other item of Rental, or as Landlord may elect to apply such payment. No endorsement or statement on any check or any letter accompanying any check or payment as Fixed Rent or other item of Rental shall be deemed to be an accord and satisfaction. Landlord may accept such check or payment without prejudice to Landlord's right to recover the balance of such Fixed Rent or other item of Rental or to pursue any other remedy provided in this Lease or otherwise available to Landlord at law or in equity. (B) Landlord's failure during the Term to prepare and deliver any invoices, and Landlord's failure to make a demand for payment under any of the provisions of this Lease, shall not in any way be deemed to be a waiver of, or cause Landlord to forfeit or surrender, its rights to collect any item of Rental which may have become due during the Term (except to the extent otherwise expressly set forth herein). Tenant's liability for such amounts shall survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease. (C) No provision of this Lease shall be deemed to have been waived by Landlord, unless such waiver is in writing signed by Landlord. 24.3. No Waiver by Tenant. Tenant's failure to seek redress for violation of, or to insist upon the strict performance of, any covenant or condition of this Lease on Landlord's part to be performed, shall not be deemed to be a waiver. The payment by Tenant of any item of Rental or performance of any obligation of Tenant hereunder with knowledge of any breach by Landlord of any covenant of this Lease shall not be deemed a waiver of such breach, nor shall it prejudice Tenant's right to pursue any remedy against Landlord in this Lease provided or otherwise available to Tenant in law or in equity. No provision of this Lease shall be deemed to have been waived by Tenant, unless such waiver is in writing signed by Tenant. Article 25 JURISDICTION 25.1. Governing Law. This Lease shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. 25.2. Submission to Jurisdiction. Tenant hereby (a) irrevocably consents and submits to the jurisdiction of any federal, state, county or municipal court sitting in the State of New York for purposes of any action or proceeding brought therein by Landlord against Tenant concerning any matters relating to this Lease, (b) irrevocably waives personal service of any summons and complaint and consents to the service upon it of process in any such action or proceeding in accordance with Article 26 hereof, (c) irrevocably waives all objections as to venue and any and all rights it may have to seek a change of venue with respect to any such action or proceedings, (d) agrees that the laws of the State of New York shall govern in any such action or proceeding and waives any defense to any action or proceeding granted by the laws of any other country or jurisdiction unless such defense is also allowed by the laws of the State of New York, and (e) agrees that any final unappealable judgment rendered against it in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in any other jurisdiction by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. Tenant further agrees that any action or proceeding by Tenant against Landlord concerning any matters arising out of or in any way relating to this Lease shall be brought only in the State of New York, County of New York. 25.3. Waiver of Trial by Jury. Landlord and Tenant hereby waive trial by jury in any action, proceeding or counterclaim brought by either of the parties hereto against the other on any matters whatsoever arising out of or in any way connected with this Lease, the relationship of Landlord and Tenant, Tenant's use or occupancy of the Premises, or for the enforcement of any remedy under any statute, emergency or otherwise. If Landlord commences any summary proceeding against Tenant, then Tenant shall not interpose any counterclaim of whatever nature or description in any such proceeding (unless such counterclaim is mandatory), and shall not seek to consolidate such proceeding with any other action which may have been or will be brought in any other court by Tenant. Article 26 NOTICES 26.1. Addresses: Manner of Delivery. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Lease, any bills, statements, consents, notices, demands, requests or other communications given or required to be given under this Lease shall (1) be in writing, (2) be deemed sufficiently given if (a) delivered by hand (against a signed receipt), (b) sent by registered or certified mail (return receipt requested), or (c) sent by a nationally-recognized overnight courier, and (3) be addressed in each case: if to Tenant, at: 667 Madison Avenue New York, New York 10021 with a copy to: Goldfarb & Fleece 345 Park Avenue New York, New York 10154 Attn.: Neal Weinstein, Esq. if to Landlord, at: c/o V Vornado Realty Trust 888 Seventh Avenue New York, New York 10019 Attn.: David R. Greenbaum with a copy to: c/o Vornado Realty Trust 210 Route 4 East Paramus, New Jersey 07652 Attn: Joseph Macnow - Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President - - Finance and Administration and with a copy to: Proskauer Rose LLP 1585 Broadway New York, New York 10036 Attn.: Lawrence J. Lipson, Esq. or to such other address or addresses as Landlord or Tenant may designate from time to time on at least ten (10) Business Days of advance notice given to the other in accordance with the provisions of this Article 26. Any such bill, statement, consent, notice, demand, request, or other communication shall be deemed to have been given (x) on the date that it is hand delivered, as aforesaid, or (y) three (3) Business Days after the date that it is mailed, as aforesaid, or (z) on the first (1st) Business Day after the date that it is sent by a nationally-recognized courier, as aforesaid. Any such bills, statements, consents, notices, demands, requests or other communications that the Person that is the property manager for the Building gives to Tenant in accordance with the terms of this Article 26 shall be deemed to have been given by Landlord (except that Landlord, at any time and from time to time, shall have the right to terminate or suspend such property manager's right to give such bills, statements, consents, notices, demands, requests or other communications to Tenant by giving not less than five (5) days of advance notice thereof to Tenant). Article 27 BROKERAGE 27.1. Broker. Landlord and Tenant each represent to the other that it has not dealt with any broker, finder or salesperson in connection with this Lease other than Julien J. Studley Inc. (the "Broker"). Landlord shall pay the Broker a commission pursuant to a separate agreement (it being understood that the Broker shall not be a third-party beneficiary hereof). Article 28 INDEMNITY 28.1. Tenant's Indemnification of the Landlord Indemnitees. (A) Subject to the terms of this Section 28.1, Tenant shall indemnify the Landlord Indemnitees, and hold the Landlord Indemnitees harmless, from and against, all losses, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses) that are incurred by a Landlord Indemnitee and that derive from a claim (a "Tenant Liability Claim") made by (x) a Permitted Party (other than Tenant) against such Landlord Indemnitee, or (y) a third party against such Landlord Indemnitee arising from or alleged to arise from: (1) an act or omission of any Tenant Indemnitee during the Term (including, without limitation, claims that derive from a Permitted Party's conducting such Permitted Party's business in the Premises or from a Permitted Party's making, or proposing to make, a Transfer in accordance with the terms hereof); (2) an event or circumstance that occurs during the Term in the Premises or in another portion of the Building with respect to which Tenant has exclusive use pursuant to the terms hereof (subject, however, to Landlord's rights of access under Article 9 hereof); (3) (4) a misrepresentation made by Tenant hereunder (including, without limitation, a misrepresentation of Tenant under Section 27.1 hereof); the breach of any covenant to be performed by Tenant hereunder; (5) a Compliance Challenge (or Tenant's delaying Tenant's compliance with a Requirement during the pendency of a Compliance Challenge); or (6) Landlord's cooperating with Tenant as contemplated by Section 7.4(A) hereof. Tenant shall not be required to indemnify the Landlord Indemnitees, and hold the Landlord Indemnitees harmless, in either case as aforesaid, to the extent that it is finally determined that the negligence or wilful misconduct of a Landlord Indemnitee contributed to the loss or damage sustained by the Person making the Tenant Liability Claim. Nothing contained in this Section 28.1 limits the provisions of Section 30.17 hereof. (B) The term "Landlord Indemnitees" shall mean, collectively, Landlord, each Lessor, each Mortgagee and their respective partners, members, managers, shareholders, officers, directors, employees, trustees and agents. (C) The term "Tenant Indemnitees" shall mean each Permitted Party and their respective partners, members, managers, shareholders, officers, directors, employees, trustees and agents. (D) The parties intend that the Landlord Indemnitees (other than Landlord) shall be third-party beneficiaries of this Section 28.1. 28.2. Landlord's Indemnification of the Tenant Indemnitees. (A) Subject to the terms of this Section 28.2, Landlord shall indemnify the Tenant Indemnitees, and hold the Tenant Indemnitees harmless, from and against, all losses, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses) that are incurred by a Tenant Indemnitee and that derive from a claim (a "Landlord Liability Claim") made by a third party against such Tenant Indemnitee arising from or alleged to arise from: (1) the breach of any covenant to be performed by Landlord hereunder; (2) a misrepresentation made by Landlord hereunder (including, without limitation, a misrepresentation of Landlord under Section 27.1 hereof); (3) Landlord's failure to pay the Broker a commission or other compensation in connection herewith; or (4) any event or circumstance that occurs during the Term in the Building or in the vicinity of the Building (other than the Premises) as a result of the act or omission of any Landlord Indemnitee. Landlord shall not be required to indemnify the Tenant Indemnitees, and hold the Tenant Indemnitees harmless, in either case as aforesaid, to the extent that it is finally determined that the negligence or wilful misconduct of a Tenant Indemnitee contributed to the loss or damage sustained by the Person making the Landlord Liability Claim. (B) The parties intend that the Tenant Indemnitees (other than Tenant) shall constitute third-party beneficiaries of this Section 28.2. 28.3. Indemnification Procedure. (A) If at any time a Landlord Liability Claim is made or threatened against a Tenant Indemnitee, or a Tenant Liability Claim is made or threatened against a Landlord Indemnitee, then the Person entitled to indemnity under this Article 28 (the "Indemnitee") shall give to the other party (the "Indemnitor") notice of such Landlord Liability Claim or such Tenant Liability Claim, as the case may be (the "Claim"); provided, however, that the Indemnitee's failure to provide such notice shall not impair the Indemnitee's rights to indemnity as provided in this Article 28 except to the extent that the Indemnitor is prejudiced materially thereby. Such notice shall state the basis for the Claim and the amount thereof (to the extent such amount is determinable at the time that such notice is given). (B) The Indemnitor shall have the right to defend against the Claim using attorneys that the Indemnitor reasonably selects (it being understood that the attorneys designated by the Indemnitor's insurer shall be deemed approved by the Indemnitee for purposes hereof). The Indemnitor's failure to notify the Indemnitee of the Indemnitor's election to defend against the Claim within thirty (30) days after the Indemnitee gives such notice to the Indemnitor shall be deemed a waiver by the Indemnitor of its aforesaid right to defend against the Claim. (C) Subject to the terms of this Section 28.3(C), if the Indemnitor elects to defend against the Claim pursuant to Section 28.3(B) hereof, then the Indemnitee may participate, at the Indemnitee's expense, in defending against the Claim. The Indemnitor shall have the right to control the defense against the Claim (and, accordingly, the Indemnitee shall cause its counsel to act accordingly). If there exists a conflict between the interests of the Indemnitor and the interests of the Indemnitee, then the Indemnitor shall pay the reasonable fees and disbursements of any counsel that the Indemnitee retains in so participating in the defense against the Claim. (D) If the Claim is a Tenant Liability Claim, then Landlord shall cooperate reasonably with Tenant in connection therewith. If the Claim is a Landlord Liability Claim, then Tenant shall cooperate reasonably with Landlord in connection therewith. (E) The Indemnitor shall not consent to the entry of any judgment or award regarding the Claim, or enter into any settlement regarding the Claim, except in either case with the prior approval of the Indemnitee (any such entry of any judgment or award regarding a Claim to which the Indemnitor consents, or any such settlement regarding a claim to which the Indemnitor agrees, being referred to herein as a "Settlement"). The Indemnitee shall not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay the Indemnitee's approval of a proposed Settlement, provided that (x) the Indemnitor pays, in cash, to the Person making the Claim, or (y) a bonafide creditworthy third-party insurance company agrees to pay to the Person making the Claim (either concurrently or over time), the entire amount of the Settlement contemporaneously with the Indemnitee's approval thereof (so that neither the Indemnitor nor the Indemnitee have any material obligations regarding the applicable Claim that remain executory from and after the consummation of the Settlement). If (x) the terms of the Settlement do not provide for the Indemnitor's making payment, in cash, to the Person making the Claim, the entire amount of the Settlement contemporaneously with the Indemnitee's approval thereof, and (y) the Indemnitee does not approve the proposed Settlement, then the Indemnitor's aggregate liability under this Article 28 for the Claim (including, without limitation, the costs incurred by the Indemnitor for legal costs and other costs of defense) shall not exceed an amount equal to the sum of (i) the aggregate legal costs and defense costs that the Indemnitor incurred to the date that the Indemnitor proposes such Settlement, (ii) the amount that the Indemnitor would have otherwise paid to the Person making the applicable Claim under the terms of the proposed Settlement, and (iii) the aggregate legal costs and defense costs that the Indemnitor would have reasonably expected to incur in consummating the proposed Settlement. (F) If the Indemnitor does not elect to defend against the Claim as contemplated by this Section 28.3, then the Indemnitee may defend against, or settle, such claim, action or proceeding in any manner that the Indemnitee deems appropriate, and the Indemnitor shall be liable for the Claim to the extent provided in this Article 28. Article 29 LANDLORD'S CONSENTS; ARBITRATION 29.1. Certain Limitations. (A) Subject to the terms of Section 29.2 hereof, Tenant hereby waives any claim against Landlord for Landlord's unreasonably withholding, unreasonably conditioning or unreasonably delaying any consent or approval requested by Tenant in cases where Landlord expressly agreed herein not to unreasonably withhold, unreasonably condition or unreasonably delay such consent or approval. If there is a determination that such consent or approval has been unreasonably withheld, unreasonably conditioned or unreasonably delayed, then (1) the requested consent or approval shall be deemed to have been granted, and (2) Landlord shall have no liability to Tenant for its refusal or failure to give such consent or approval, except to the extent set forth in Section 29.2(C) hereof. Tenant's sole remedy for Landlord's unreasonably withholding, conditioning or delaying consent or approval shall be as provided in this Article 29. 29.2. Expedited Arbitration. (A) If (i) this Lease obligates Landlord to not unreasonably withhold, condition or delay Landlord's consent or approval for a particular matter, (ii) Landlord withholds, delays or conditions its consent or approval for such matter, and (iii) Tenant believes that Landlord did so unreasonably, then Tenant shall have the right to submit the issue of whether Landlord unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned such consent or approval to an Expedited Arbitration Proceeding only by giving notice thereof to Landlord on or prior to the thirtieth (30th) day after the date that Landlord denied or conditioned such consent or approval, or the thirtieth (30th) day after the date that Tenant claims that Landlord's delaying such consent or approval first became unreasonable, as the case may be. (B) The sole decision to be made in the Expedited Arbitration Proceeding shall be whether Landlord unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned its consent with respect to the particular matter being arbitrated. If the decision in the Expedited Arbitration Proceeding is that Landlord unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed consent with respect to such matter, then (i) Landlord shall be deemed to have consented to such matter, and (ii) Landlord shall execute and deliver documentation that is reasonably requested by Tenant to evidence such consent. (C) Tenant shall have the right to institute legal proceedings in a court of competent jurisdiction against Landlord to recover the actual damages that Tenant sustains by reason of Landlord's unreasonably withholding, conditioning or delaying Landlord's consent or approval (in cases where Landlord agreed not to unreasonably withhold, condition or delay such consent or approval). Tenant shall not have the right to make any such recovery unless such court makes a final determination that Landlord unreasonably withheld, unreasonably delayed or unreasonably conditioned such consent or approval capriciously and arbitrarily. (D) The term "Expedited Arbitration Proceeding" shall mean a binding arbitration proceeding conducted in The City of New York under the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association (or its successor) and administered pursuant to the Expedited Procedures provisions thereof; provided, however, that with respect to any such arbitration, (i) the list of arbitrators referred to in Section E-5(b) shall be returned within five (5) Business Days from the date of mailing; (ii) the parties shall notify the American Arbitration Association (or its successor) by telephone, within four (4) Business Days, of any objections to the arbitrator appointed and, subject to clause (vii) below, shall have no right to object if the arbitrator so appointed was on the list submitted by the American Arbitration Association (or its successor) and was not objected to in accordance with Section E-5(b) as modified by clause (i) above; (iii) the notification of the hearing referred to in Section E-8 shall be four (4) Business Days in advance of the hearing; (iv) the hearing shall be held within seven (7) Business Days after the appointment of the arbitrator; (v) the arbitrator shall have no right to award damages or vary, modify or waive any provision of this Lease; (vi) the decision of the arbitrator shall be final and binding on the parties; and (vii) the arbitrator shall not have been employed by either party (or their respective Affiliates) during the period of three (3) years prior to the date of the Expedited Arbitration Proceeding. The arbitrator shall determine the extent to which each party is successful in such Expedited Arbitration Proceeding in addition to rendering a decision on the dispute submitted. If the arbitrator determines that one (1) party is entirely unsuccessful, then such party shall pay all of the fees of such arbitrator. If the arbitrator determines that both parties are partially successful, then each party shall be responsible for such arbitrator's fees only to the extent such party is unsuccessful (e.g., if Landlord is eighty percent (80%) successful and Tenant is twenty percent (20%) successful, then Landlord shall be responsible for twenty percent (20%) of such arbitrator's fees and Tenant shall be responsible for eighty percent (80%) of such arbitrator's fees). Article 30 ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS 30.1. Tenant's Property Delivered to Building Employees. Any Building employee to whom any property is entrusted by or on behalf of Tenant shall be deemed to be acting as Tenant's agent with respect to such property. 30.2. Not Binding Until Execution. This Lease shall not be binding upon Landlord or Tenant unless and until Landlord and Tenant have executed and unconditionally delivered a fully executed copy of this Lease to each other. 30.3. No Third Party Beneficiaries. Landlord and Tenant hereby acknowledge that they do not intend for any other Person to constitute a third-party beneficiary hereof. 30.4. Extent of Landlord's Liability. (A) The obligations of Landlord under this Lease shall not be binding upon the Person that constitutes Landlord as of the date hereof after the sale, conveyance, assignment or transfer by such Person of its interest in the Building or the Real Property, as the case may be (or upon any other Person that constitutes Landlord after the sale, conveyance, assignment or transfer by such Person of its interest in the Building or the Real Property, as the case may be), to the extent such obligations accrue from and after the date of such sale, conveyance, assignment or transfer (it being understood that such Person shall remain liable for such obligations that accrue during the period that such Person constituted Landlord hereunder). (B) The members, managers, partners, shareholders, directors, officers and principals, direct and indirect, comprising Landlord shall not be liable for the performance of Landlord's obligations under this Lease. Tenant shall look solely to Landlord to enforce Landlord's obligations hereunder. (C) The liability of Landlord for Landlord's obligations under this Lease shall be limited to Landlord's interest in the Real Property and the proceeds thereof. Tenant shall not look to any property or assets of Landlord (other than Landlord's interest in the Real Property and the proceeds thereof) in seeking either to enforce Landlord's obligations under this Lease or to satisfy a judgment for Landlord's failure to perform such obligations. 30.5. Survival. Tenant's liability for all amounts that are due and payable to Landlord hereunder shall survive the Expiration Date. 30.6. Recording. Tenant shall not record this Lease. Tenant shall not record a memorandum of this Lease. Landlord shall have the right to record a memorandum of this Lease. If Landlord submits to Tenant a memorandum hereof that is in reasonable form, then Tenant shall execute, acknowledge and deliver such memorandum promptly after Landlord's submission thereof to Tenant. 30.7. Entire Agreement. This Lease contains the entire agreement between the parties and supersedes all prior understandings, if any, with respect thereto. This Lease shall not be modified, changed, or supplemented, except by a written instrument executed by both parties. 30.8. Exhibits. If any inconsistency exists between the terms and provisions of this Lease and the terms and provisions of the Exhibits hereto, then the terms and provisions of this Lease shall prevail. 30.9. Gender: Plural. Wherever appropriate in this Lease, personal pronouns shall be deemed to include the other gender and the singular to include the plural. 30.10. Divisibility. If any term of this Lease, or the application thereof to any Person or circumstance, is held to be invalid or unenforceable, then the remainder of this Lease or the application of such term to any other Person or any other circumstance shall not be thereby affected, and each term shall remain valid and enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law. 30.11. Vault Space. If (i) Tenant uses or occupies any vaults, vault space or other space outside the boundaries of the Real Property that in each case is located below grade, and (ii) such space is diminished by any Governmental Authority or by any utility company, then such diminution shall not constitute an actual or constructive eviction, in whole or in part, or entitle Tenant to any abatement or diminution of Rental, or relieve Tenant from any of its obligations under this Lease, or impose any liability upon Landlord. 30.12. Adjacent Excavation. If an excavation is made upon land adjacent to the Building, or is authorized to be made, then Tenant, upon reasonable advance notice, shall grant to the Person causing or authorized to cause such excavation a license to enter upon the Premises for the purpose of doing such work as said Person deems necessary to preserve the Building from injury or damage and to support the same by proper foundations, without any claim for damages or indemnity against Landlord, or diminution or abatement of Rental. 30.13. Captions. The captions are inserted only for convenience and for reference and in no way define, limit or describe the scope of this Lease nor the intent of any provision thereof. 30.14. Parties Bound. The covenants, conditions and agreements contained in this Lease shall bind and inure to the benefit of Landlord and Tenant and their respective legal representatives, successors, and, except as otherwise provided in this Lease, their assigns. 30.15. Authority. (A) Tenant hereby represents and warrants to Landlord that (i) Tenant is duly organized and validly existing in good standing under the laws of Delaware, and possesses all licenses and authorizations necessary to carryon its business, (ii) Tenant has full power and authority to carryon its business, enter into this Lease and consummate the transaction contemplated hereby, (iii) the individual executing and delivering this Lease on Tenant's behalf has been duly authorized to do so, (iv) this Lease has been duly executed and delivered by Tenant, (v) this Lease constitutes a valid, legal, binding and enforceable obligation of Tenant (subject to bankruptcy, insolvency or creditor rights laws generally, and principles of equity generally), (vi) the execution, delivery and performance of this Lease by Tenant will not cause or constitute a default under, or conflict with, the organizational documents of Tenant or any agreement to which Tenant is a party, (vii) the execution, delivery and performance of this Lease by Tenant will not violate any Requirement, (viii) all consents, approvals, authorizations, orders or filings of or with any court or governmental agency or body, if any, required on the part of Tenant for the execution, delivery and performance of this Lease have been obtained or made, and (ix) the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury has not listed Tenant or any of Tenant's Affiliates on its list of Specially Designated Nationals or Blocked Persons. (B) Landlord hereby represents and warrants to Tenant that (i) Landlord is duly organized and validly existing in good standing under the laws of New York, and possesses all licenses and authorizations necessary to carryon its business, (ii) Landlord has full power and authority to carryon its business, enter into this Lease and consummate the transaction contemplated hereby, (iii) the individual executing and delivering this Lease on Landlord's behalf has been duly authorized to do so, (iv) this Lease has been duly executed and delivered by Landlord, (v) this Lease constitutes a valid, legal, binding and enforceable obligation of Landlord (subject to bankruptcy, insolvency or creditor rights laws generally, and principles of equity generally), (vi) the execution, delivery and performance of this Lease by Landlord will not cause or constitute a default under, or conflict with, the organizational documents of Landlord or any agreement to which Landlord is a party, (vii) the execution, delivery and performance of this Lease by Landlord does not violate any Requirement, and (viii) all consents, approvals, authorizations, orders or filings of or with any court or governmental agency or body, if any, required on the part of Landlord for the execution, delivery and performance of this Lease have been obtained or made. 30.16. Rent Control. If at the commencement of, or at any time or times during, the Term, the Rental reserved in this Lease is not fully collectible by reason of any Requirement, then Tenant shall enter into such agreements and take such other steps (without additional expense to Tenant) as Landlord may reasonably request and as may be legally permissible to allow Landlord to collect the maximum rents which may from time to time during the continuance of such legal rent restriction be legally permissible (and not in excess of the amounts reserved therefor under this Lease). Upon the termination of such legal rent restriction prior to the expiration of the Term, (a) the Rental shall become and thereafter be payable hereunder in accordance with the amounts reserved in this Lease for the periods following such termination, and (b) Tenant shall pay to Landlord, illegally permissible, an amount equal to the excess of (i) the items of Rental which would have been paid pursuant to this Lease but for such legal rent restriction, over (ii) the rents paid by Tenant to Landlord during the period or periods such legal rent restriction was in effect. 30.17. Consequential Damages. Subject to the terms of this Section 30.17, Tenant shall have no liability for any consequential damages that Landlord suffers. Landlord shall have the right to collect consequential damages from Tenant for Tenant's failure to surrender vacant and exclusive possession of the Premises to Landlord as provided in Article 23 hereof. Landlord shall have no liability for any consequential damages suffered by Tenant or any Person claiming by, through or under Tenant. 30.18. Industrial and Commercial Incentive Program. Tenant acknowledges that Landlord is seeking, or has obtained, benefits in respect of the Building under the Industrial and Commercial Incentive Program of The City of New York (the "ICIP"). Tenant therefore agrees to facilitate Landlord's seeking and obtaining such benefits under the ICIP by complying with the following provisions. (A) Tenant shall report, and shall cause any other Permitted Party to report, and shall cause Tenant's contractors and the contractors of any other Permitted Party to report, to Landlord the nature of its business, the number of workers permanently employed by it at the Premises, the job classification or job title of each such worker and the number of such workers who reside in The City of New York (and the names and addresses of such residents if required by agents of The City of New York for verification); (B) Tenant shall require the provisions of this Section 30.18 to be contained in any sublease or further sublease entered into by Tenant (or any other Permitted Party) in accordance with this Lease; (C) Tenant shall, and shall cause any other Permitted Party to, and shall cause Tenant's contractors and the contractors of any other Permitted Party to, (x) cooperate reasonably with Landlord in connection with the ICIP, and (y) provide Landlord with information and reports that in either case Landlord reasonably requires to comply with the ICIP, including, without limitation, (i) information concerning subleases that Tenant (or any other Permitted Party) consummates for the Premises (or any portion thereof), and (ii) employment reports for the Office of Labor Services of The City of New York; provided, however, that Tenant shall have no liability to Landlord if Landlord does not become eligible or does not maintain its eligibility under the ICIP, except to the extent caused by Tenant's default under this Section 30.18; and (D) Tenant shall permit agents of The City of New York (including, without limitation, agents of the Department of Finance of The City of New York and the Office of Labor Services of The City of New York) to gain access to the Premises, at reasonable times and upon reasonable advance notice to Tenant from Landlord, to the extent reasonably required in connection with Landlord's obtaining benefits under the ICIP. Tenant shall not be required to (a) pay any Taxes or other charges that become due because of the willful neglect or fraud by Landlord in connection with the ICIP, or (b) indemnify Landlord from any personal liability arising under Section 11-265 of the Administrative Code of The City of New York, except to the extent the imposition of such Taxes, charges or liability is occasioned by Tenant's default under this Lease. 30.19. Tenant's Advertising. Tenant shall not use a picture, photograph or drawing of the Building (or a silhouette thereof) in Tenant's letterhead or promotional materials without Landlord's prior approval. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Landlord and Tenant have duly executed and delivered this Lease as of the date first above written. VORNADO 640 FIFTH AVENUE LLC By: Vornado Realty L.P., member By: Vornado Realty Trust, general partner By: Name: Joseph Macnow Title: Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President - Finance and Administration By: Exhibit "A" Premises 640 Fifth Avenue (64) 18 Exhibit "3.3" Rules 1. Tenant shall not obstruct the common areas of the Building. Tenant shall not use the common areas of the Building for any purpose other than for the purpose that the applicable common area is used ordinarily. 2. Tenant shall not use any plumbing fixtures that are connected to Building Systems for any purpose other than the ordinary purpose for which such plumbing fixtures are installed. 3. Tenant shall not use the Premises in any manner that materially and unreasonably interferes with the use of any other portion of the Building for ordinary business purposes. 4. Tenant shall not at any time keep in the Premises any flammable, combustible or explosive substance, except for any such substances that are incidental to the use of the Premises for ordinary office purposes. 5. Tenant shall not bring any bicycles, vehicles or animals of any kind (except for service animals) into the Premises or the Building. 6. Tenant shall comply with the security procedures that Landlord reasonably adopts from time to time for the Building. Tenant acknowledges that Landlord's security procedures may include, without limitation, (i) Landlord's denying entry to the Building by any person who does not present a Building pass or who does not comply with Landlord's procedures regarding the registration of visitors to the Building, and (ii) procedures governing the inspection of freight that arrives at the loading facilities for the Building. 7. Landlord shall have the right to require Tenant to (x) direct Persons who are delivering packages to the Premises to make delivery to an office in the Building that Landlord designates (in which case Landlord shall make arrangements for such packages to be delivered to Tenant using other personnel that Landlord engages), or (y) arrange for such Persons to be escorted by a representative of Tenant while such Person makes delivery to the Premises. 8. Tenant shall subject to inspection by Landlord or Landlord's designee all items being brought into the Building by or on behalf of Tenant (including, without limitation, packages, boxes, bags, handbags, attache cases, and suitcases). Landlord may refuse entry into the Building to any Person who refuses to cooperate with such inspection or who is carrying any item which has a reasonable likelihood of being dangerous to persons or property. 9. Tenant, at Tenant's expense, shall operate its interior lights for the employees of Landlord while such employees make repairs in the Premises or perform cleaning services in accordance with the terms of this Lease. 10. Tenant shall not canvass or solicit the other occupants of the Building. Tenant shall cooperate reasonably with Landlord in connection with Landlord's efforts to prevent any Person from canvassing, soliciting or peddling in the Building. 11. Tenant shall use in the Building only hand trucks and hand carts that in either case are equipped with rubber tires and side guards. Exhibit "4.3" HV AC Specifications A temperature of 60 degrees shall be maintained at the main air distribution ductwork at the core except when system is on warm-up cycle. Provided that (i) Tenant shall comply with Rules and Regulations, (ii) the maximum cooling electrical load shall not exceed 4.0 watts per usable square foot of the Premises, and (iii) the occupancy of the Premises shall not exceed an average of one person for each 100 square feet of usable area of the Premises, the HV AC system installed in the Premises shall provide a room temperature of74 degrees plus or minus 2 degrees. Interior condition during cooling season should be 74 F plus or minus one degree, 50% relative humidity plus or minus 5%. Outside air must be provided at a rate of20 cfm/person. Interior temperature during the heating season should be 70 F when the outdoor temperature is 10 F. Exhibit "4.4" Cleaning Specifications NIGHTLY (ON BUSINESS DAYS) Sweep hard-surfaced flooring in general office space using a dust-down preparation. Carpet sweep carpets in general office areas without moving heavy furniture (such as desks, file cabinets, computer stands, and sofas). Hand dust and wipe clean all furniture, fixtures and window sills in the general office areas that are within reach of the cleaning staff without ladders. Empty and clean ashtrays and screen all sand urns. Empty and clean waste receptacles in the general office areas and remove wastepaper. Dust the interior of waste receptacles in the general office areas. Wash clean water fountains and coolers in the general office areas. Sweep private stairways within the premises. Sweep and wash (using disinfectant) all floors in the base building lavatories that are located in the Building core. Wash and polish mirrors, shelves, bright work and enameled surfaces in the base building lavatories that are located in the Building core. Wash and disinfect basins, bowls and urinals in the base building lavatories that are located in the Building core. Wash toilet seats in the base building lavatories that are located in the Building core. Hand dust and clean all partitions, tile walls, dispensers and receptacles in the base building lavatories that are located in the Building core. Empty paper receptacles and remove wastepaper in the base building lavatories that are located in the Building core. Fill toilet tissue holders in the base building lavatories that are located in the Building core. Empty and clean sanitary disposal receptacles in the base building lavatories that are located in the Building core. WEEKLY Vacuum clean carpeting and rugs in the general office areas without moving heavy furniture (such as desks, file cabinets, computer stands, and sofas). Dust door louvres and other ventilating louvres that are within reach of the cleaning staff without ladders. Wipe clean bright work. QUARTERLY High dust the Premises, including the following: Dust pictures, frames, charts, graphs and similar wall hangings that are not reached in nightly or weekly cleaning. Dust clean vertical surfaces, such as walls, partitions, doors and door bucks and other surfaces not reached in nightly or weekly cleaning. Dust pipes, ventilating and air-conditioning louvers, ducts, high moldings and other high areas not reached in nightly or weekly cleaning. Dust Venetian blinds. ADDITIONAL SERVICES Wash the exterior of windows periodically, subject to weather conditions and Requirements. EX-10 3 ex1046.txt EXHIBIT 10.46 FORM OF RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD AGREEMENT Epoch Holding Corporation 640 Fifth Avenue, 18th Floor New York, NY 10019 212-303-7200 Date Director Address 1 Address 2 City, State, Zip Plan: 2004 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan Pursuant to the agreements in effect related to compensation of non- employee directors of Epoch Holding Corporation (the "Company), effective ____ __, ____, you have been granted _________________ (#) shares (the "Award Shares") of the Company's Common Stock. The Award Shares are restricted securities. Initially, your vested portion of Award shares will be zero (0). The vesting schedule in Your Award Shares will occur over the next three years (the "Restriction Period") pursuant to the following schedule: Shares Percent Vesting Date ______ _______ ____________ (#) 33.3% (#) 33.3% (#) 33.3% Terms and Restrictions: (i) During the Restriction Period, you shall have all of the rights of a shareholder, including the right to vote the total Award Shares and the right to receive dividends thereon, if any dividends are paid. Award Shares which are not vested may not be sold, transferred, pledged, hypothecated, margined or otherwise encumbered. (ii) In the event that your services as a member of the Company's Board of Directors is terminated during the Restriction Period, any Award Shares that are subject to any restrictions at time will be forfeited. (iii) Award Shares subject to vesting restrictions will be evidenced by Certificates of Stock that will bear appropriate legend referring to terms, conditions and restrictions or forfeitures. Certificates of stock containing such legend will remain in the possession of the Company. Upon the lifting of restrictions at each vesting period, the Company will issue shares to you with the restricted legend removed. Taxes: (i) You are responsible for payment of federal, state, local and any other taxes on the unrestricted shares. (ii) Under Section 83(b) of the Internal Revenue Service Code, you have the option to elect to pay taxes on the full value of your award without regard to the vesting schedule. Pursuant to Section 83(b) and related Internal Revenue Service regulations applicable to restricted property, you have 30 days from the effective date of this Award to notify the Company of your election to be taxed under Section 83(b). Otherwise, the Company will calculate your income based on the vesting schedule and provide you with an annual Form 1099. Assuming you do not make a Section 83(b) election, you will receive a form 1099 for the calendar year ____ for the shares that vested on ____ __, ____. The Company has no obligation, and takes no responsibility for, advising you as to how you choose your Award Shares to be taxed. Each individual's taxes may be personal and unique. Therefore, if you require additional assistance on your tax alternatives, the Company urges you to seek outside professional advice. By your signature and the Company's signature below, you and the Company agree that these Award Shares are granted under and governed by the terms and conditions of the Company's 2004 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan which is attached and made a part of this document. __________________________________ William W. Priest Chief Executive Officer __________________________________ (Director) EX-10 4 ex1047.txt EXHIBIT 10.47 FORM OF RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD AGREEMENT Epoch Holding Corporation 640 Fifth Avenue, 18th Floor New York, NY 10019 212-303-7200 Date Employee Address 1 Address 2 City, State, Zip Plan: 2004 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan Effective ____________, you have been granted __________ shares (the "Award Shares") of Epoch Holding Corporation's (the "Company") Common Stock. Initially, you will be vested in twelve and one-half percent (12.5%) of your Award Shares. Subject to the terms and restrictions detailed below, the remaining Award Shares will vest over the next three years (the "Restriction Period") pursuant to the following schedule: Shares Percent Vesting Date ______ _______ ____________ (#) 12.5% (#) 12.5% (#) 25.0% (#) 50.0% Terms and Restrictions: (i) During the Restriction Period, you shall have all of the rights of a shareholder, including the right to vote the total Award Shares and the right to receive dividends thereon, if any dividends are paid. Award Shares which are not vested may not be sold, transferred, pledged, hypothecated, margined or otherwise encumbered. (ii) In the event that your employment is terminated during the Restriction Period, any Award Shares that are subject to any restrictions at time will be forfeited. (iii) Award Shares subject to vesting restrictions will be evidenced by Certificates of Stock that will bear appropriate legend referring to terms, conditions and restrictions or forfeitures. Certificates of stock containing such legend will remain in the possession of the Company. Upon the lifting of restrictions at each vesting period, the Company will issue shares to you with the restricted legend removed. Taxes: (i) You are responsible for payment of federal, state, local and any other taxes on the unrestricted shares. The Company retains the authority to withhold and pay monies from your salary on any portion of the Award Shares when taxes are due. This authority may also include the ability of the Company to withhold or receive shares of stock from the Award in order to make cash payments to the necessary taxing authorities. (ii) Under Section 83(b) of the Internal Revenue Service Code, you have the option to elect to pay taxes on the full value of your award without regard to the vesting schedule. Pursuant to Section 83(b) and related Internal Revenue Service regulations applicable to restricted property, you have 30 days from the effective date of this Award to notify the Company of your election to be taxed under Section 83(b). Otherwise, the Company will withhold and pay taxes to the regulatory agencies per the vesting schedule. The Company has no obligation, and takes no responsibility for, advising you as to how you choose your Award Shares to be taxed. Each individual's taxes may be personal and unique. Therefore, if you require additional assistance on your tax alternatives, the Company urges you to seek outside professional advice. By your signature and the Company's signature below, you and the Company agree that these Award Shares are granted under and governed by the terms and conditions of the Company's 2004 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan which is attached and made a part of this document. __________________________________ William W. Priest Chief Executive Officer __________________________________ (Employee) EX-21 5 ex211.txt EXHIBIT 21.1 SUBSIDIARIES OF EPOCH HOLDING CORPORATION STATE OF COMPANY % OWNED INCORPORATION _______ _______ _____________ 1. J Net Ventures I, LLC 100% Delaware 2. J Net Holdings, LLC 100% Nevada 3. J Net GP, LLC 100% Nevada 4. InterWorld Corporation 95.3% Delaware 5. IW Holdings, Inc. 100% Delaware 6. Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. 100% Delaware EX-10 6 ex231.txt Exhibit 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Form S-8 Nos. 333-121457 of Epoch Holding Corporation and 33-86078 of Jackpot Enterprises, Inc of our report, dated September 27, 2005 appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Epoch Holding Corporation (formerly known as J Net Enterprises, Inc. and Jackpot Enterprises, Inc.) for the year ended June 30, 2005. /s/ CF & Co., L.L.P. CF & Co., L.L.P. Dallas, Texas September 27, 2005 EX-32 7 ex32.txt Exhibit 32.1 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 In connection with the Annual Report of Epoch Holding Corporation (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2005 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), William W. Priest, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Adam Borak, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in the Report. Dated: September 28, 2005 By: /s/ William W. Priest _______________________ William W. Priest Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Dated: September 28, 2005 By: /s/ Adam Borak _______________________ Adam Borak Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. EX-31 8 ex311.txt Exhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATE OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF EPOCH HOLDING CORPORATION I, William W. Priest, certify that: (1) I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Epoch Holding Corporation; (2) Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report; and (3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; and (4) The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d- 15(e)) for the registrant and have: (a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) [paragraph omitted in accordance with SEC transition instructions contained in SEC release 34-47986] and (c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth annual quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and (5) The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): (a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting. Dated: September 28, 2005 By: /s/ William W. Priest _______________________ William W. Priest Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) EX-31 9 ex312.txt Exhibit 31.2 CERTIFICATE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OF EPOCH HOLDING CORPORATION I, Adam Borak, certify that: (1) I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Epoch Holding Corporation; (2) Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; and (3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; and (4) The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d- 15(e)) for the registrant and we have: (a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) [paragraph omitted in accordance with SEC transition instructions contained in SEC release 34-47986] and (c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth annual quarter in the case of an annual report)that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and (5) The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): (a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting. Dated: September 28, 2005 By: /s/ Adam Borak _______________________ Adam Borak Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
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