Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	3 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation Our unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Iteris, Inc. and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of continuing operations for all periods presented in the unaudited consolidated financial statements exclude the financial impact of a discontinued operation. See Note 3, “Sale of Vehicle Sensors,” for further discussion related to the discontinued operation presentation.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates made in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements include the collectability of accounts receivable and related allowance for doubtful accounts, projections of taxable income used to assess realizability of deferred tax assets, inventory and warranty reserves, costs to complete long-term contracts, indirect cost rates used in cost-plus contracts, contract reserves, the valuation of purchased intangible assets and goodwill, the valuation of equity instruments and estimates of future cash flows used to assess the recoverability of long-lived assets and the impairment of goodwill, fair value of our stock option awards used to calculate the stock-based compensation and other contingencies.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Product revenues and related costs of sales are recognized when all of the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery under the terms of the arrangement has occurred, (iii) the price to the customer is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collection of the receivable is reasonably assured. These criteria are typically met at the time of product shipment, but in certain circumstances, may not be met until receipt or acceptance by the customer. Accordingly, at the date revenue is recognized, the significant obligations or uncertainties concerning the sale have been resolved. Transportation Systems and Performance Analytics revenues are derived primarily from long-term contracts with governmental agencies and with commercial companies. When appropriate, revenues are recognized using the percentage of completion method of accounting, whereby revenue is recognized as contract performance progresses and is determined based on the relationship of costs incurred to total estimated costs. Any anticipated losses on contracts are charged to earnings when identified. Changes in job performance and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and revenues and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Profit incentives are included in revenues when their realization is reasonably assured. Certain of our revenues are recognized as services are performed and amounts are earned, which is measured by time incurred or other contractual milestones or output measures. Revenues accounted for in this manner generally relate to certain fixed fee professional services, cost-plus fixed fee or time-and-materials contracts. Revenues for ongoing operations and maintenance services contracts are generally accounted for ratably as the services are performed throughout the term of the contract. Payments received in advance of services performed are deferred and recognized when the related services are performed. We recognize revenue from the sale of deliverables that are part of a multiple-element arrangement in accordance with applicable accounting guidance that establishes a relative selling price hierarchy permitting the use of an estimated selling price to determine the allocation of arrangement consideration to a deliverable in a multiple-element arrangement where neither vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) nor third-party evidence (“TPE”) of fair value is available for that deliverable. In the absence of VSOE or TPE of the standalone selling price for one or more delivered or undelivered elements in a multiple-element arrangement, we are required to estimate the selling prices of those elements. Overall arrangement consideration is allocated to each element (both delivered and undelivered items) that has stand-alone value based on their relative selling prices, regardless of whether those selling prices are evidenced by VSOE or TPE or are based on our estimated selling prices. We account for multiple-element arrangements that consist only of software and software-related services in accordance with applicable accounting guidance for software and software-related transactions. For such transactions, revenue on arrangements that include multiple elements is allocated to each element based on the relative fair value of each element, and fair value is determined by VSOE. If we cannot objectively determine the fair value of any undelivered element included in such multiple-element arrangements and the only undelivered element is post-contract customer support or maintenance, and VSOE of the fair value of such support or maintenance does not exist, revenue from the entire arrangement is recognized ratably over the support period. When the fair value of a delivered element has not been established but VSOE of fair value exists for the undelivered elements, we use the residual method to recognize revenue if the fair value of all undelivered elements is determinable. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is allocated to the delivered elements and is recognized as revenue.
Costs and Estimated Earnings in Excess of Billings on Uncompleted Contracts	Costs and Estimated Earnings in Excess of Billings on Uncompleted Contracts Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets represent unbilled amounts earned and reimbursable under services sales arrangements. At any given period-end, a large portion of the balance in this account represents the accumulation of labor, materials and other costs that have not been billed due to timing, whereby the accumulation of each month’s costs and earnings are not administratively billed until the subsequent month. Also included in this account are amounts that will become billable according to contract terms, which usually require the consideration of the passage of time, achievement of milestones or completion of the project. Such unbilled amounts are expected to be billed and collected within the next twelve months.
Billings in Excess of Costs and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts	Billings in Excess of Costs and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets is comprised of cash collected from customers and billings to customers on contracts in advance of work performed, advance payments negotiated as a contract condition, estimated losses on uncompleted contracts, project-related legal liabilities and other project-related reserves. The unearned amounts are expected to be earned within the next twelve months. We record provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts in the period in which such losses become known. The cumulative effects of revisions to contract revenues and estimated completion costs are recorded in the accounting period in which the amounts become evident and can be reasonably estimated. These revisions can include such items as the effects of change orders and claims, warranty claims, liquidated damages or other contractual penalties and adjustments for contract closeout settlements.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of demand deposits and money market funds maintained with several financial institutions. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and are maintained with high quality financial institutions, and therefore are believed to have minimal credit risk. Our accounts receivable are primarily derived from billings with customers located throughout North America, as well as in the Middle East, Europe, South America and Asia. We generally do not require collateral or other security from our customers. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for potential credit losses, which losses have historically been within management’s expectations.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments	Fair Values of Financial Instruments The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate carrying value because of the short period of time to maturity.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term investments with initial maturities of ninety days or less.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets were $1.9 million as of June 30, 2015 and $1.3 million as of March 31, 2015 and included approximately $520,000 of cash designated as collateral on performance bonds, as required under certain of our Transportation Systems contracts in the Middle East. The performance bonds require us to maintain 100% cash value of the bonds as collateral in a bank that is local to the purchasing agency. The performance bond collateral is required throughout the delivery of our services and maintained in the local bank until the contract is closed by the purchasing agency. We expect these requirements, and the related cash collateral restrictions, to remain in place through fiscal year 2016.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The collectability of our accounts receivable is evaluated through review of outstanding invoices and ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition. In cases where we are aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations subsequent to the original sale, we will record an allowance against amounts due, and thereby reduce the net recognized accounts receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected. We also maintain an allowance based on our historical collections experience. When we determine that collection is not likely, we write off accounts receivable against the allowance for doubtful accounts.
Inventories	Inventories Inventories consist of finished goods, work-in-process and raw materials and are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life ranging from three to eight years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the term of the related lease or the estimated useful life of the improvement, whichever is shorter.
Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets	Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets We evaluate goodwill on an annual basis in our fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if we believe indicators of impairment exist. We have determined that our reporting units for purposes of testing for goodwill impairment are identical to our reportable segments for financial reporting purposes. We adopted the provisions issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) that were intended to simplify goodwill impairment testing. This guidance permits us to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we conduct a two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step of the impairment test involves comparing the fair values of the applicable reporting units with their carrying values. We determine the fair values of our reporting units using the income valuation approach, as well as other generally accepted valuation methodologies. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, we perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test. The second step of the goodwill impairment test involves comparing the implied fair value of the affected reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying value of that goodwill. The amount by which the carrying value of the goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, if any, is recognized as an impairment loss. We monitor the indicators for goodwill impairment testing between annual tests. Based on our interim assessment, there were no indicators of impairment to our goodwill as of June 30, 2015. We test long-lived assets and purchased intangible assets (other than goodwill) for impairment if we believe indicators of impairment exist. We determine whether the carrying value of an asset or asset group is recoverable, based on comparisons to undiscounted expected future cash flows the asset are expected to generate. If an asset is not recoverable, we record an impairment loss equal to the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. We primarily use the income valuation approach to determine the fair value of our long lived assets and purchased intangible assets.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes We utilize the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, under which deferred taxes are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to be in effect during the years in which the basis differences reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, which increases our income tax expense in the period such determination is made. Income tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold to be recognized. Income tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation We record stock-based compensation in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations as an expense, based on the estimated grant date fair value of our stock-based awards, whereby such fair values are amortized over the requisite service period. Our stock-based awards are currently comprised of common stock options and restricted stock units. The fair value of our common stock option awards is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing formula. While utilizing this model meets established requirements, the estimated fair values generated by it may not be indicative of the actual fair values of our common stock option awards as it does not consider certain factors important to those awards to employees, such as continued employment and periodic vesting requirements, as well as limited transferability. The fair value of our restricted stock units is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested stock-based awards, we may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel any remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense.
Research and Development Expenditures	Research and Development Expenditures Research and development expenditures are charged to expense in the period incurred.
Shipping and Handling Costs	Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs are included as cost of revenues in the period during which the products ship.
Sales Taxes	Sales Taxes Sales taxes are presented on a net basis (excluded from revenues) in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.
Warranty	Warranty We generally provide a one to three year warranty from the original invoice date on all products, materials and workmanship. Products sold to various original equipment manufacturer customers sometimes carry longer warranties. Defective products will be either repaired or replaced, usually at our option, upon meeting certain criteria. We accrue a provision for the estimated costs that may be incurred for product warranties relating to a product as a component of cost of sales at the time revenue for that product is recognized. The accrued warranty reserve is included within accrued liabilities in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets.
Repair and Maintenance Costs	Repair and Maintenance Costs We incur repair and maintenance costs in the normal course of business. Should the repair or maintenance result in a permanent improvement to one of our leased facilities, the cost is capitalized as a leasehold improvement and amortized over its useful life or the remainder of the lease period, whichever is shorter. Non-permanent repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), which establishes principles for reporting revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with customers. This new revenue recognition standard will replace most of the recognition guidance within the United States GAAP. In July 2015, the FASB announced that the new pronouncement will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The new pronouncement permits the use of either the retroactive or cumulative effect transition method. Early adoption is not permitted. We have not determined the potential effects on our consolidated financial statements of the adoption of ASU 2014-09. In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, Compensation—Stock Compensation (“ASU 2014-12”) to resolve diversity in accounting treatment for share based awards in which the terms of the award provide that a performance target that affects vesting could be achieved after the requisite service period. The standard is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. We do not anticipate a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption of ASU 2014-12. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”), which requires a business entity to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about the ability to continue as a going concern for each annual and interim reporting period. If substantial doubt exists, additional disclosure is required. The standard is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We do not anticipate a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption of ASU 2014-15. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (“ASU 2015-11”) to simplify the guidance on the measurement of inventory. Under the new standard, an entity should measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We do not anticipate a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption of ASU 2015-11.

Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2015

Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Our unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Iteris, Inc. and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The results of continuing operations for all periods presented in the unaudited consolidated financial statements exclude the financial impact of a discontinued operation. See Note 3, “Sale of Vehicle Sensors,” for further discussion related to the discontinued operation presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates made in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements include the collectability of accounts receivable and related allowance for doubtful accounts, projections of taxable income used to assess realizability of deferred tax assets, inventory and warranty reserves, costs to complete long-term contracts, indirect cost rates used in cost-plus contracts, contract reserves, the valuation of purchased intangible assets and goodwill, the valuation of equity instruments and estimates of future cash flows used to assess the recoverability of long-lived assets and the impairment of goodwill, fair value of our stock option awards used to calculate the stock-based compensation and other contingencies.

Revenue Recognition

Product revenues and related costs of sales are recognized when all of the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery under the terms of the arrangement has occurred, (iii) the price to the customer is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collection of the receivable is reasonably assured. These criteria are typically met at the time of product shipment, but in certain circumstances, may not be met until receipt or acceptance by the customer. Accordingly, at the date revenue is recognized, the significant obligations or uncertainties concerning the sale have been resolved.

Transportation Systems and Performance Analytics revenues are derived primarily from long-term contracts with governmental agencies and with commercial companies. When appropriate, revenues are recognized using the percentage of completion method of accounting, whereby revenue is recognized as contract performance progresses and is determined based on the relationship of costs incurred to total estimated costs. Any anticipated losses on contracts are charged to earnings when identified. Changes in job performance and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and revenues and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Profit incentives are included in revenues when their realization is reasonably assured. Certain of our revenues are recognized as services are performed and amounts are earned, which is measured by time incurred or other contractual milestones or output measures. Revenues accounted for in this manner generally relate to certain fixed fee professional services, cost-plus fixed fee or time-and-materials contracts. Revenues for ongoing operations and maintenance services contracts are generally accounted for ratably as the services are performed throughout the term of the contract. Payments received in advance of services performed are deferred and recognized when the related services are performed.

We recognize revenue from the sale of deliverables that are part of a multiple-element arrangement in accordance with applicable accounting guidance that establishes a relative selling price hierarchy permitting the use of an estimated selling price to determine the allocation of arrangement consideration to a deliverable in a multiple-element arrangement where neither vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) nor third-party evidence (“TPE”) of fair value is available for that deliverable. In the absence of VSOE or TPE of the standalone selling price for one or more delivered or undelivered elements in a multiple-element arrangement, we are required to estimate the selling prices of those elements. Overall arrangement consideration is allocated to each element (both delivered and undelivered items) that has stand-alone value based on their relative selling prices, regardless of whether those selling prices are evidenced by VSOE or TPE or are based on our estimated selling prices.

We account for multiple-element arrangements that consist only of software and software-related services in accordance with applicable accounting guidance for software and software-related transactions. For such transactions, revenue on arrangements that include multiple elements is allocated to each element based on the relative fair value of each element, and fair value is determined by VSOE. If we cannot objectively determine the fair value of any undelivered element included in such multiple-element arrangements and the only undelivered element is post-contract customer support or maintenance, and VSOE of the fair value of such support or maintenance does not exist, revenue from the entire arrangement is recognized ratably over the support period. When the fair value of a delivered element has not been established but VSOE of fair value exists for the undelivered elements, we use the residual method to recognize revenue if the fair value of all undelivered elements is determinable. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is allocated to the delivered elements and is recognized as revenue.

Costs and Estimated Earnings in Excess of Billings on Uncompleted Contracts

Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets represent unbilled amounts earned and reimbursable under services sales arrangements. At any given period-end, a large portion of the balance in this account represents the accumulation of labor, materials and other costs that have not been billed due to timing, whereby the accumulation of each month’s costs and earnings are not administratively billed until the subsequent month. Also included in this account are amounts that will become billable according to contract terms, which usually require the consideration of the passage of time, achievement of milestones or completion of the project. Such unbilled amounts are expected to be billed and collected within the next twelve months.

Billings in Excess of Costs and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts

Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets is comprised of cash collected from customers and billings to customers on contracts in advance of work performed, advance payments negotiated as a contract condition, estimated losses on uncompleted contracts, project-related legal liabilities and other project-related reserves. The unearned amounts are expected to be earned within the next twelve months.

We record provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts in the period in which such losses become known. The cumulative effects of revisions to contract revenues and estimated completion costs are recorded in the accounting period in which the amounts become evident and can be reasonably estimated. These revisions can include such items as the effects of change orders and claims, warranty claims, liquidated damages or other contractual penalties and adjustments for contract closeout settlements.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable.

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of demand deposits and money market funds maintained with several financial institutions. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and are maintained with high quality financial institutions, and therefore are believed to have minimal credit risk.

Our accounts receivable are primarily derived from billings with customers located throughout North America, as well as in the Middle East, Europe, South America and Asia. We generally do not require collateral or other security from our customers. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for potential credit losses, which losses have historically been within management’s expectations.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate carrying value because of the short period of time to maturity.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term investments with initial maturities of ninety days or less.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets were $1.9 million as of June 30, 2015 and $1.3 million as of March 31, 2015 and included approximately $520,000 of cash designated as collateral on performance bonds, as required under certain of our Transportation Systems contracts in the Middle East. The performance bonds require us to maintain 100% cash value of the bonds as collateral in a bank that is local to the purchasing agency. The performance bond collateral is required throughout the delivery of our services and maintained in the local bank until the contract is closed by the purchasing agency. We expect these requirements, and the related cash collateral restrictions, to remain in place through fiscal year 2016.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The collectability of our accounts receivable is evaluated through review of outstanding invoices and ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition. In cases where we are aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations subsequent to the original sale, we will record an allowance against amounts due, and thereby reduce the net recognized accounts receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected. We also maintain an allowance based on our historical collections experience. When we determine that collection is not likely, we write off accounts receivable against the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Inventories

Inventories consist of finished goods, work-in-process and raw materials and are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life ranging from three to eight years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the term of the related lease or the estimated useful life of the improvement, whichever is shorter.

Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets

We evaluate goodwill on an annual basis in our fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if we believe indicators of impairment exist. We have determined that our reporting units for purposes of testing for goodwill impairment are identical to our reportable segments for financial reporting purposes. We adopted the provisions issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) that were intended to simplify goodwill impairment testing. This guidance permits us to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we conduct a two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step of the impairment test involves comparing the fair values of the applicable reporting units with their carrying values. We determine the fair values of our reporting units using the income valuation approach, as well as other generally accepted valuation methodologies. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, we perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test. The second step of the goodwill impairment test involves comparing the implied fair value of the affected reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying value of that goodwill. The amount by which the carrying value of the goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, if any, is recognized as an impairment loss. We monitor the indicators for goodwill impairment testing between annual tests. Based on our interim assessment, there were no indicators of impairment to our goodwill as of June 30, 2015.

We test long-lived assets and purchased intangible assets (other than goodwill) for impairment if we believe indicators of impairment exist. We determine whether the carrying value of an asset or asset group is recoverable, based on comparisons to undiscounted expected future cash flows the asset are expected to generate. If an asset is not recoverable, we record an impairment loss equal to the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. We primarily use the income valuation approach to determine the fair value of our long lived assets and purchased intangible assets.

Income Taxes

We utilize the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, under which deferred taxes are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to be in effect during the years in which the basis differences reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, which increases our income tax expense in the period such determination is made.

Income tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold to be recognized. Income tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met.

Stock-Based Compensation

We record stock-based compensation in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations as an expense, based on the estimated grant date fair value of our stock-based awards, whereby such fair values are amortized over the requisite service period. Our stock-based awards are currently comprised of common stock options and restricted stock units. The fair value of our common stock option awards is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing formula. While utilizing this model meets established requirements, the estimated fair values generated by it may not be indicative of the actual fair values of our common stock option awards as it does not consider certain factors important to those awards to employees, such as continued employment and periodic vesting requirements, as well as limited transferability. The fair value of our restricted stock units is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested stock-based awards, we may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel any remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense.

Research and Development Expenditures

Research and development expenditures are charged to expense in the period incurred.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs are included as cost of revenues in the period during which the products ship.

Sales Taxes

Sales taxes are presented on a net basis (excluded from revenues) in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations.

Warranty

We generally provide a one to three year warranty from the original invoice date on all products, materials and workmanship. Products sold to various original equipment manufacturer customers sometimes carry longer warranties. Defective products will be either repaired or replaced, usually at our option, upon meeting certain criteria. We accrue a provision for the estimated costs that may be incurred for product warranties relating to a product as a component of cost of sales at the time revenue for that product is recognized. The accrued warranty reserve is included within accrued liabilities in the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets.

Repair and Maintenance Costs

We incur repair and maintenance costs in the normal course of business. Should the repair or maintenance result in a permanent improvement to one of our leased facilities, the cost is capitalized as a leasehold improvement and amortized over its useful life or the remainder of the lease period, whichever is shorter. Non-permanent repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), which establishes principles for reporting revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with customers. This new revenue recognition standard will replace most of the recognition guidance within the United States GAAP. In July 2015, the FASB announced that the new pronouncement will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The new pronouncement permits the use of either the retroactive or cumulative effect transition method. Early adoption is not permitted. We have not determined the potential effects on our consolidated financial statements of the adoption of ASU 2014-09.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, Compensation—Stock Compensation (“ASU 2014-12”) to resolve diversity in accounting treatment for share based awards in which the terms of the award provide that a performance target that affects vesting could be achieved after the requisite service period. The standard is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. We do not anticipate a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption of ASU 2014-12.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”), which requires a business entity to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about the ability to continue as a going concern for each annual and interim reporting period. If substantial doubt exists, additional disclosure is required. The standard is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We do not anticipate a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption of ASU 2014-15.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (“ASU 2015-11”) to simplify the guidance on the measurement of inventory. Under the new standard, an entity should measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We do not anticipate a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption of ASU 2015-11.