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Variable Interest Entities
6 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2012
Variable Interest Entities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Variable Interest Entities

9. VIEs

 

In the normal course of business, the Company maintains investments in sponsored CLO entities and privately offered equity funds that are considered VIEs. These variable interests generally represent seed investments made by the Company, as collateral manager or investment advisor, to launch or market these vehicles. The Company receives management fees for the services it provides as collateral manager or investment advisor to these entities. These fees may also be considered variable interests.

 

To determine whether or not the Company should be treated as the primary beneficiary of a VIE, management must make significant estimates and assumptions regarding probable future cash flows of the VIE. These estimates and assumptions relate primarily to market interest rates, credit default rates, pre-payment rates, discount rates, the marketability of certain securities and the probability of certain outcomes.

 

Investments in VIEs that are consolidated

 

Consolidated CLO entity

 

As described in Note 2, the Company adopted the provisions of a new consolidation standard on November 1, 2010 that resulted in the consolidation of a CLO entity.

 

The Company irrevocably elected the fair value option for all financial assets and liabilities of the consolidated CLO entity upon adoption of the new accounting guidance. Unrealized gains and losses on assets and liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings. Although the subordinated note obligations of the CLO entity have certain equity characteristics, the Company has determined that the subordinated notes should be recorded as liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

The assets of this CLO entity are held solely as collateral to satisfy the obligations of the entity. The Company has no right to the benefits from, nor does the Company bear the risks associated with, the assets held by the entity beyond the Company's minimal direct investment and beneficial interest therein and management fees generated from the entity. The note holders of the CLO entity have no recourse to the Company's general assets. There are neither explicit arrangements nor does the Company hold implicit variable interests that would require the Company to provide any ongoing financial support to the entity.

 

The following tables present, as of April 30, 2012 and October 31, 2011, the fair value of the consolidated CLO entity's assets and liabilities subject to fair value accounting:

April 30, 2012      
  CLO Bank Loan Investments  
(in thousands) Total CLO bank loan investments 90 days or more past due Senior and subordinated note obligations
Unpaid principal balance$ 482,930$ 568$ 500,085
Excess unpaid principal       
balance over fair value (2,859)  (517)  (14,439)
Fair value$ 480,071$ 51$ 485,646

October 31, 2011      
  CLO Bank Loan Investments  
(in thousands) Total CLO bank loan investments 90 days or more past due Senior and subordinated note obligations
Unpaid principal balance$ 474,515$ 1,192$ 500,066
Excess unpaid principal       
balance over fair value (17,820) (617) (22,367)
Fair value$ 456,695$ 575$ 477,699

During the three months ended April 30, 2012 and 2011, the changes in the fair values of the CLO entity's bank loans and other investments resulted in net gains of $8.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively, while an increase in the fair value of the CLO's note obligations resulted in net losses of $5.3 million and $22.4 million, respectively. The combined net gains of $3.2 million and net losses of $18.3 million for the three months ended April 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, were recorded as gains (losses) and other investment income of the consolidated CLO entity on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income for these periods.

 

During the six months ended April 30, 2012 and 2011, the changes in the fair values of the CLO entity's bank loans and other investments resulted in net gains of $15.9 million and $13.5 million, respectively, while an increase in the fair value of the CLO's note obligations resulted in net losses of $7.9 million and $35.3 million, respectively. The combined net gains of $8.0 million and net losses of $21.7 million for the six months ended April 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, were recorded as gains (losses) and other investment income of the consolidated CLO entity on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income for these periods.

 

Substantially all gains (losses) related to the CLO entity's bank loans, other investments and note obligations recorded in earnings for the periods were attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk.

 

The CLO entity's note obligations bear interest at variable rates based on LIBOR plus a pre-defined spread, which ranges from 0.21 percent to 1.50 percent. The principal amounts outstanding of the note obligations issued by the CLO entity mature on April 20, 2019. The CLO entity may elect to reinvest any prepayments received on bank loans or other investments prior to April 2012. Any subsequent prepayments received must be used to pay down its note obligations.

 

Interest income and expense are recorded on an accrual basis and reported as gains (losses) and other investment income and as interest expense in other income (expense) of the consolidated CLO entity on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended April 30, 2012.

 

At April 30, 2012 and October 31, 2011, the following carrying amounts related to the consolidated CLO entity were included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets:

  April 30, October 31,
(in thousands) 2012 2011
Assets of consolidated CLO entity:      
Cash and cash equivalents $ 27,236 $ 16,521
Bank loans and other investments   486,244   462,586
Other assets   5,887   2,715
Liabilities of consolidated CLO entity:      
Senior and subordinated note obligations   485,646   477,699
Other liabilities   26,089   5,193
Appropriated retained earnings (deficit)   4,994  (3,867)
Total net interest in consolidated CLO entity $ 2,638 $ 2,797

For the three months ended April 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company recorded net income of $4.7 million and net losses of $17.1 million, respectively, related to the consolidated CLO entity. A net gain of $3.9 million and a net loss of $18.0 million for three months ended April 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, were included in net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests and other beneficial interests for those periods, reflecting the interests of third-party note holders of the consolidated CLO entity. Net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders included $0.8 million and $0.9 million related to the consolidated CLO entity for three months ended April 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

 

For the six months ended April 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company recorded net income of $10.5 million and net losses of $16.9 million, respectively, related to the consolidated CLO entity. A net gain of $8.9 million and a net loss of $18.6 million for the six months ended April 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, were included in net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests and other beneficial interests for those periods, reflecting the interests of third-party note holders of the consolidated CLO entity. Net income attributable to Eaton Vance Corp. shareholders included $1.6 million and $1.7 million related to the consolidated CLO entity for the six months ended April 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

 

Other Entities

Our controlled subsidiary Parametric Portfolio Associates LLC (“Parametric Portfolio Associates”) maintains a 60 percent economic interest in Parametric Risk Advisors LLC (“Parametric Risk Advisors”), which meets the definition of a VIE. Consistent with its majority economic interest and other considerations, the Company has determined that Parametric Portfolio Associates is the primary beneficiary of the VIE.

 

Parametric Risk Advisors had assets of $4.9 million on both April 30, 2012 and October 31, 2011, consisting primarily of cash and cash equivalents and investment advisory fees receivable, and liabilities of $2.4 million and $2.5 million on April 30, 2012 and October 31, 2011, respectively, consisting primarily of accrued compensation, accounts payable, accrued expenses and intercompany payables. Neither the Company's variable interest nor maximum risk of loss related to this VIE was material to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements at either balance sheet date.

 

Investments in VIEs that are not consolidated

 

Non-consolidated CLO entities

The Company is not deemed the primary beneficiary of three CLO entities in which it holds variable interests. These non-consolidated entities had total assets of $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion as of April 30, 2012 and October 31, 2011, respectively. The Company's variable interests in these entities consist of the Company's direct ownership in these entities and any collateral management fees earned but uncollected. The Company maintains an investment in one of these entities totaling $0.4 million and $0.3 million as of April 30, 2012 and October 31, 2011, respectively. Collateral management fees receivable for these three CLO entities totaled $2.0 million and $3.0 million on April 30, 2012 and October 31, 2011, respectively. In the first six months of fiscal 2012, the Company did not provide any financial or other support to these entities that it was not previously contractually required to provide. The Company's risk of loss with respect to these managed CLO entities is limited to the carrying value of its investments in and collateral management fees receivable from the CLO entities as of April 30, 2012.

 

The Company's investment in the CLO entity identified above is carried at amortized cost and is disclosed as a component of investments in Note 5. Income from this entity is recorded as a component of gains and other investment income based upon projected investment yields.

 

Other Entities

The Company holds variable interests in, but is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of, certain sponsored privately offered equity funds with total assets of $9.8 billion and $9.6 billion as of April 30, 2012 and October 31, 2011, respectively. The Company's variable interests in these entities consist of the Company's direct ownership in these entities and any investment advisory fees earned but uncollected. The Company held investments in these entities totaling $4.3 million and $3.7 million on April 30, 2012 and October 31, 2011, respectively, and collateral management fees receivable totaling $0.5 million and $0.4 million on April 30, 2012 and October 31, 2011. In the first six months of fiscal 2012, the Company did not provide any financial or other support to these entities that it was not previously contractually required to provide. The Company's risk of loss with respect to these managed entities is limited to the carrying value of its investments in and investment advisory fees receivable from the entities as of April 30, 2012.

 

The Company's investments in privately offered equity funds are carried at fair value and included in investments in sponsored funds, which are disclosed as a component of investments in Note 5. These investments are classified as available-for-sale and the Company records any change in fair value, net of income tax, in other comprehensive income (loss).