-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, OU2f+hIws9zk/JlkbKUb36BfelTuT3KybOACe6gqC8Aqp+YDvrIzjwwb7xCf9HmE JwAazKx1pWTwoYbpOnhiTA== 0001193125-07-052302.txt : 20070312 0001193125-07-052302.hdr.sgml : 20070312 20070312170427 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001193125-07-052302 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 8-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 2 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20070306 ITEM INFORMATION: Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year ITEM INFORMATION: Financial Statements and Exhibits FILED AS OF DATE: 20070312 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20070312 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: INTER TEL (DELAWARE), INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000350066 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH APPARATUS [3661] IRS NUMBER: 860220994 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 8-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-10211 FILM NUMBER: 07688373 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1615 S. 52ND STREET STREET 2: . CITY: TEMPE STATE: AZ ZIP: 85281 BUSINESS PHONE: 480-449-8900 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1615 S. 52ND STREET STREET 2: . CITY: TEMPE STATE: AZ ZIP: 85281 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: INTER TEL INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920703 8-K 1 d8k.htm FORM 8-K Form 8-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of report (Date of earliest event reported): March 6, 2007

INTER-TEL (DELAWARE), INCORPORATED

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

Delaware   0-10211   86-0220994

(State or Other Jurisdiction

of Incorporation)

 

(Commission

File Number)

 

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

 

1615 S. 52nd Street

Tempe, Arizona

  85281
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (480) 449-8900

N/A

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

 

¨ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

 

¨ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

 

¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

 

¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

 



Item 5.03. Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.

On March 6, 2007, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the Amended and Restated Bylaws of Inter-Tel (Delaware), Incorporated (the “Restated Bylaws”). The Restated Bylaws reflect the following:

 

   

Revised to provide that stockholders holding at least 25% of the outstanding capital stock of the Company may call a special meeting of the stockholders, as compared to the previous standard permitting stockholders holding at least 10% of the outstanding capital stock of the Company to do so (Section 2.3);

 

   

Revised to provide that the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer and the Secretary are authorized to call a stockholder meeting at the request of stockholders holding at least 25% of the outstanding capital stock of the Company, as opposed to the prior version of the provision which granted such authority only to the President and the Secretary (Section 2.3);

 

   

Revised to provide information regarding the Company’s registered office in the State of Delaware (Section 1.1) and to add a new Section providing that the fiscal year of the Company is the calendar year (Section 1.3);

 

   

Increased the maximum duration of a stockholder proxy from 11 months to 3 years (Section 2.14);

 

   

Revised to eliminate the age requirement for directors (Section 3.1);

 

   

Revised to eliminate the enumeration of specific powers of directors (Section 3.4);

 

   

Revised to specify that the Board determines the place of both regular and special meetings of the Board (Section 3.5);

 

   

Added provisions recognizing the existence and composition of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee (Sections 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5);

 

   

Revised provisions to permit both the Board or a Committee thereof to determine officer compensation, as opposed to the prior provision granting such authority only to the Board generally (Section 5.6);

 

   

Added additional details and Company procedures when issuing certificated shares, as opposed to the earlier, less detailed provision on such matters (Section 7.1);

 

   

Revised to permit notice to directors by facsimile, and eliminated notice by telegram (Section 8.1); and

 

   

Revised to reflect other minor wording and conforming changes, including deletions of duplicative and outdated or inapplicable provisions, updated cross-references, and other similar changes.

The foregoing summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Restated Bylaws, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 3.1 and is incorporated into this Item 5.03 by this reference.

 

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

 

(d) Exhibits.

 

Exhibit   

Description

3.1    Amended and Restated Bylaws of Inter-Tel (Delaware), Incorporated

 

2


SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

    Inter-Tel (Delaware), Incorporated
Date:   March 12, 2007     By:   /s/ Norman Stout
        Name:   Norman Stout
        Title:   Chief Executive Officer

 

3


EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit  

Description

3.1   Amended and Restated Bylaws of Inter-Tel (Delaware), Incorporated

 

4

EX-3.1 2 dex31.htm AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF INTER-TEL Amended and Restated Bylaws of Inter-Tel

EXHIBIT 3.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED

BY-LAWS OF INTER-TEL (DELAWARE), INCORPORATED

(a Delaware corporation)

ARTICLE I. General

1.1 Offices. The registered office of Inter-Tel (Delaware), Incorporated (the “Corporation”) shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The Board of Directors (the “Board”) shall fix the location of the principal executive office of the Corporation at any place within or outside the State of Delaware. The Board may at any time establish branch or subordinate offices at any place or places.

1.2 Seal. The seal, if any, of the Corporation, shall be in the form of a circle and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware”. The seal, if any, shall be in the charge of the Secretary of the Corporation.

1.3 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be the period from January 1 through December 31.

ARTICLE II. Meeting of Stockholders

2.1 Place of Meeting. Meetings of stockholders may be held at such place, either within or outside of the State of Delaware, as determined by the Board and as set forth in the notice of the meeting. The Board may, in its sole discretion, determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication as authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as it may be amended from time to time (the “DGCL”). If authorized by the Board in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board may adopt, stockholders and proxy holders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication: (i) participate in a meeting of stockholders; and (ii) be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, provided that (A) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxy holder, (B) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to provide such stockholders and proxy holders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings, and (C) if any stockholder or proxy holder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the Corporation.

2.2 Annual Meeting. At annual meetings of the stockholders, the stockholders shall elect directors and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meetings.

2.3 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders may be called for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the Corporation’s certificate of incorporation, as amended from time to time (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), by (i) the Board or (ii) the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary at the written request of stockholders owning at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the issued and outstanding voting stock of the Corporation. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting. Upon the receipt of such written request from such stockholders, directed to the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary, such person (or in the case that the Board has called a special meeting of the stockholders, the Board) shall cause notice to be given to the stockholders entitled to vote that a meeting will be held at a time requested by the person or persons calling the meeting, such time not to be less than


twenty (20), nor more than sixty (60) days after receipt of the request. Such notice shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting, and otherwise comply with the provisions of Section 2.4 of these By-laws, as amended from time to time (these “By-laws”).

2.4 Notice of Meetings. Written notice of stockholders’ meetings, stating the place, if any, date and time of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten (10), nor more than sixty (60), days prior to the meeting. When a meeting is adjourned to another place, date or time, written notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the place, if any, date and time thereof and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken; provided, however, if the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment, a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, written notice of the place, date and time of the adjourned meeting shall be given in conformity herewith. At any adjourned meeting, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the original meeting.

2.5 Business Matter of a Special Meeting. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.

2.6 List of Stockholders. The officer in charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be accessible and open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting in one of the following manners as determined by the Corporation: (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.

2.7 Organization and Conduct of Business. The Chairman of the Board or, in his or her absence, the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation or, in their absence, such person as the Board may have designated or, in the absence of such a person, such person as may be chosen by the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote who are present, in person or by proxy, shall call to order any meeting of the stockholders and act as Chairman of the meeting. In the absence of the Secretary of the Corporation, the Secretary of the meeting shall be such person as the Chairman appoints. The Chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall determine the order of business and the procedure at the meeting, including such regulation of the manner of voting and the conduct of discussion as seems to him or her in order.

2.8 Quorum and Adjournments. Except where otherwise provided by law or in the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, the holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, present in person or represented in proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders. The stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed.

2.9 Voting Rights. Except as provided in the next following sentence and except as may be provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, each stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of the capital stock having voting power held by such stockholder. In the election of directors, each such stockholder entitled to vote at any election of directors may cumulate such stockholder’s


votes and give one candidate a number of votes equal to the number of directors to be elected multiplied by the number of votes to which the stockholder’s shares are normally entitled, or distribute the stockholder’s votes on the same principle among as many candidates as the stockholder thinks fit. In the election of directors, no stockholder shall be entitled to cumulate votes in favor of any candidate or candidates unless such candidate’s or candidates’ names have been placed in nomination prior to the voting and one stockholder has given notice at the meeting prior to the voting of that stockholder’s intention to cumulate the stockholder’s votes. If any one stockholder has given such notice, such fact shall be announced to all stockholders and proxies present, who may then cumulate their votes for candidates in nomination. In any election of directors, the candidates receiving the highest number of affirmative votes of the shares entitled to be voted for them, up to the number of directors to be elected by such shares, are elected. Votes against a director and votes withheld shall have no legal effect. All elections of directors shall be by written ballot unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation.

2.10 Majority Vote. When a quorum is present at any meeting, the vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of the Corporation having voting power present in person or represented by proxy shall decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which, by express provision of the statutes or of the Certificate of Incorporation or of these By-laws, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.

2.11 Record Date for Stockholder Notice and Voting.

(a) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) or fewer than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the Board, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof shall be at the close of business on the day immediately preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day immediately preceding the day on which the meeting is held.

(b) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board, and which record date shall not be more than ten (10) days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board. If no record date has been fixed by the Board, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board is required by applicable law, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation at its principal executive office. If no record date has been fixed by the Board and prior action by the Board is required by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these By-laws, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the date on which the Board adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

(c) In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution, or allotment of any rights, or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion, or exchange of capital stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board may fix a record date. Such record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing such record date is adopted, and shall not be more than sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto.

2.12 Advance Notice of Stockholder Business. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, any business must be (a) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (b) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (c) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a shareholder (i) who is a shareholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 2.12 and on the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to vote at such annual meeting and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.12.


For such business to be considered properly brought before the meeting by a shareholder such shareholder must, in addition to any other applicable requirements, have given timely written notice of demand to the Chief Executive Officer or Secretary of the Corporation in proper written form.

To be timely, such shareholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received by the Chief Executive Officer or Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the shareholder to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or such public disclosure made, whichever occurs first; provided further, that in the event this Section 2.12 becomes effective less than one hundred (100) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of shareholders, notice by the shareholder would also be timely if so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which this Section 2.12 became effective.

To be in proper written form, a shareholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth:

(a) the name and record address of the shareholder who intends to propose the business and the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such shareholder;

(b) a representation that the shareholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to introduce the business specified in the notice;

(c) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting; and

(d) any material interest of the shareholder in such business.

No business shall be conducted at the annual meeting of shareholders except business brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section; provided, however, that, once business has been properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section 2.12 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any shareholder of any such business. The Chairman of the meeting may refuse to acknowledge the proposal of any business not made in compliance with the foregoing procedure.

2.13 Advance Notice of Director Nominations. Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation. To be properly brought before an annual meeting nominations for the election of director must be (a) specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto), (b) made by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (c) made by any shareholder (i) who is a shareholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 2.13 and on the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to vote at such meeting and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.13.

In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a shareholder, such shareholder must have given timely written notice of demand to the Chief Executive Officer or Secretary of the Corporation in proper written form.

To be timely, a shareholder’s notice to the Chief Executive Officer or Secretary must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of shareholders; provided, however, that in the event


that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the shareholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting; provided further, that in the event this Section 2.13 becomes effective less than one hundred (100) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of shareholders, notice by the shareholder would also be timely if so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which this Section 2.13 became effective.

To be in proper written form, a shareholder’s notice to the Secretary must set forth:

(a) as to each person whom the shareholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of the person over at least the last five years, (iii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by the person, (iv) a statement as to the person’s citizenship, and (v) any other information relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; and

(b) as to the shareholder giving the notice (i) the name and record address of such shareholder, (ii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such shareholder, (iii) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such shareholder and each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made by such shareholder, (iv) a representation that such shareholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice and (v) any other information relating to such shareholder that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Such notice must be accompanied by a written consent of each proposed nominee who consents to being named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected.

No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.13. If the Chairman of the meeting determines that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the Chairman shall declare to the meeting that the nomination was defective and such defective nomination shall be disregarded.

2.14 Proxies. Any stockholder entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders may vote either in person or by proxy. A proxy may be granted by a writing executed by the stockholder or his or her authorized agent or by transmission of a telegram, cablegram, or other means of electronic transmission to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization, or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy to receive such transmission, subject to the conditions set forth in Section 212 of the DGCL. A validly executed proxy that does not state that it is irrevocable shall continue in full force and effect unless (a) revoked by the person executing it, before the vote pursuant to that proxy, by a writing delivered to the Corporation stating that the proxy is revoked or by a subsequent proxy executed by the maker of the proxy, or revoked by that person’s attendance and vote at the meeting; or (b) written notice of the death or incapacity of the maker of that proxy is received by the Corporation before the vote pursuant to that proxy is counted; provided, however, that no proxy shall be valid after the expiration of three (3) years from the date of the proxy, unless otherwise provided in the proxy.

2.15 Inspectors of Election. One or more inspectors may be appointed by the Board before or at any meeting of stockholders, or, if no such appointment shall have been made, the presiding officer may make such appointment at the meeting. At the meeting for which the inspector or inspectors are appointed, he or they shall open and close the polls, receive and take charge of the proxies and ballots, and decide all questions touching on the qualifications of voters, the validity of proxies, and the acceptance and rejection of votes. If any inspector previously appointed shall fail to attend or refuse or be unable to serve, the presiding officer shall appoint an inspector in his place. At any time at which the Corporation has a class of voting stock that is (i) listed on a national


securities exchange, (ii) authorized for quotation on an inter-dealer quotation system of a registered national securities association, or (iii) held of record by more than 2,000 stockholders, the provisions of Section 231 of the DGCL with respect to inspectors of election and voting procedures shall apply, in lieu of the provisions of the foregoing paragraph of this Section 2.15.

ARTICLE III. Directors

3.1 Number, Qualifications, Election. The authorized number of directors shall initially be eleven (11), such number to be changed from time to time by resolution of the Board.

Directors need not be stockholders. Directors shall be elected at the annual meeting or at any special meeting of the stockholders, except as provided in Section 3.2 hereof, and each director so elected shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified, or until his earlier resignation or removal. All elections of directors shall be by written ballot, unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation; if authorized by the Board, such requirement of a written ballot shall be satisfied by a ballot submitted by electronic transmission, provided that any such electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder or proxy holder.

3.2 Resignation and Vacancies. Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Secretary of the Corporation. Such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein, at the time of receipt if no time is specified therein and at the time of acceptance if the effectiveness of such resignation is conditioned upon its acceptance. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. A vacancy or vacancies in the Board shall be deemed to exist in the case of the death, resignation or removal of any director, or if the authorized number of directors be increased. Vacancies may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation. The stockholders may elect a director or directors at any time to fill any vacancy or vacancies not filled by the directors. If the Board accepts the resignation of a director tendered to take effect at a future time, the Board shall have power to elect a successor to take office when the resignation is to become effective. If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in the manner provided by the DGCL. In the event of a vacancy in the Board, the remaining directors, except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, may exercise the powers of the full Board until the vacancy is filled.

3.3 Removal of Directors. Unless otherwise restricted by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, any director or the entire Board may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of at least a majority of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors; provided, however, unless the entire Board is removed, an individual director shall not be removed without cause if the votes cast against removal would be sufficient to elect such director if voted then cumulatively at an election at which the same total number of votes were cast. No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director before his term of office expires.

3.4 Powers. Subject to the provisions of the DGCL and the Certificate of Incorporation, the business of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things which are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

3.5 Place of Meetings. The Board may hold meetings, both regular and special, at such places as it may determine from time to time, either within or outside the State of Delaware.

3.6 Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of the Board shall be held immediately following the annual meeting of stockholders, provided a quorum is present. No notice of such meeting shall be necessary to the Board. The annual meeting shall be held for the purposes of organization, for an election of officers, and for the transaction of other business.


3.7 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board may be held without notice if the time and place of such meetings have been fixed in advance.

3.8 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board may be called by the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer and shall be called by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Secretary upon the written request of a majority of the Board. The notice need not specify the business to be conducted. Notice shall be given to each director in any one of the following manners:

(a) if delivered in person or by telephone, such notice shall be delivered at least twenty-four (24) hours prior to the time the meeting is to be held. Such notice may be communicated either to the director or to a person at the home or business phone numbers that such director has provided to the Corporation so long as the person delivering the notice has reason to believe such person will promptly communicate it to the director. Such notice shall be considered delivered when the person noticing the meeting believes in good faith that the notified person has heard and acknowledged the notice;

(b) if delivered by overnight courier service, including without limitation such services as Express Mail and Federal Express, such notice shall be delivered to such courier service, charges prepaid, for delivery to the address provided to the Corporation by such director. Delivery to a courier service no later than one day prior to the day upon which the meeting is to be held shall be due and legal notice to such director;

(c) if delivered by facsimile transmission, such notice shall be either delivered to a common carrier, charges prepaid, for transmission to the director or transmitted by or under the direction of the person giving notice to the facsimile number provided to the Corporation by the director. Delivery to a common carrier or transmission of a facsimile at least twenty-four (24) hours prior to the time the meeting is to be held shall be due and legal notice to such director;

(d) if delivered by first-class mail, such notice shall be addressed to the director at the address provided to the Corporation by such director and such notice shall be deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid. Deposit in the U.S. mail at least four (4) days prior to the date of the meeting to be held shall be due and legal notice to such director; and

(e) if delivered by electronic mail (e-mail) transmission, such notice shall be transmitted by or under the direction of the person giving notice to the e-mail address provided to the Corporation by such director. Transmission of an e-mail at least twenty-four (24) hours prior to the time the meeting is to be held shall be due and legal notice to such director.

3.9 Quorum and Adjournments. At all meetings of the Board and any committee thereof, a majority of the total number of members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of the members present at any meeting of the Board or any committee thereof at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board or committee, as applicable, except as may otherwise be specifically provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-laws. A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors or committee members, if any action taken is approved of by at least a majority of the required quorum for that meeting. A majority of the directors or committee members present, whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn any meeting to another time and place. Notice of the time and place of holding an adjourned meeting need not be given to absent directors or committee members if the time and place are fixed at the meeting being adjourned, except that if the meeting is adjourned for more than twenty-four (24) hours such notice shall be given prior to the adjourned meeting to the directors or committee members who were not present at the time of the adjournment.

3.10 Action Without Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee.

3.11 Telephone Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, any member of the Board or of any committee may participate in a meeting by means of conference telephone


or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

3.12 Waiver of Notice. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any director who signs a waiver of notice or provides a waiver by electronic transmission or a consent to holding the meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof, whether before or after the meeting, or who attends the meeting without protesting the lack of notice provided to him or her, either prior thereto or at its commencement. All such waivers, consents and approvals or any waiver by electronic transmission shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.

3.13 Fees and Compensation of Directors. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee shall recommend to the Board, and the Board shall have the authority to fix, the compensation of the directors. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board or committee or subcommittee thereof, and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor; provided, that, no person who concurrently serves as a member of the Board and also serves as an officer of the Corporation shall receive additional compensation from the Corporation, other than the reimbursement of expenses, for service on the Board. Members of special committees or subcommittees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.

ARTICLE IV. Committees of Directors

4.1 Selection. The Board may, by resolution passed by a majority of the entire Board, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or she or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.

4.2 Power. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority to (a) amend the Certificate of Incorporation (except that a committee may, to the extent authorized in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of shares of stock adopted by the Board as provided in Section 151(a) of the DGCL, fix the designations and any of the preferences or rights of such shares relating to dividends, redemption, dissolution, any distribution of assets of the Corporation or the conversion into, or the exchange of such shares for, shares of any other class or classes or any other series of the same or any other class or classes of stock of the Corporation), (b) adopt an agreement of merger or consolidation, (c) recommend to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s property and assets, (d) recommend to the stockholders a dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation of dissolution, (e) remove or indemnify any directors, or (f) amend these By-laws. Further, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock or to adopt a certificate of ownership and merger. Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board.

4.3 Audit Committee. The Audit Committee is a committee of the Board and shall consist entirely of members of the Board who meet the “independence” requirements set forth in Rule 4200(a)(15) of the Marketplace Rules of the Nasdaq Global Market, Inc. (“Nasdaq”), as amended or superseded from time to time. The responsibilities of the Audit Committee shall be as set forth in an Audit Committee Charter to be adopted by such Audit Committee in accordance with applicable law and the rules of Nasdaq; provided, however, that if the Corporation shall be traded on a national securities exchange other than Nasdaq and is not at such time traded on Nasdaq, the Audit Committee Charter shall be adopted by the Audit Committee in accordance with applicable law and the rules of such other national securities exchange.


4.4 Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee is a committee of the Board and shall consist entirely of members of the Board who meet the “independence” requirements set forth in Rule 4200(a)(15) of the Marketplace Rules of Nasdaq. The Compensation Committee shall administer the Corporation’s overall compensation policies, including setting the compensation for the executive officers of the Corporation and administering the Corporation’s stock option and other equity-related compensation plans.

4.5 Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is a committee of the Board and shall consist entirely of members of the Board who meet the “independence” requirements set forth in Rule 4200(a)(15) of the Marketplace Rules of Nasdaq. The responsibilities of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee shall be as set forth in a Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Charter to be adopted by such Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee in accordance with applicable law and the rules of Nasdaq; provided, however, that if the Corporation shall be traded on a national securities exchange other than Nasdaq and is not at such time traded on Nasdaq, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Charter shall be adopted by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee in accordance with applicable law and the rules of such other national securities exchange.

4.6 Committee Minutes. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings.

ARTICLE V. Officers

5.1 Officers Designated. The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board and shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Secretary and a Chief Financial Officer. The Board may also choose a Chairman of the Board, Chief Operating Officer, one or more Vice Presidents and one or more assistant Secretaries. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, except that the offices of President and Secretary shall not be held by the same person simultaneously, and except as the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws otherwise provide.

5.2 Appointment of Officers. The officers of the Corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.3 or 5.5 hereof, shall be appointed by the Board, and each shall serve at the pleasure of the Board, subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment.

5.3 Subordinate Officers. The Board or any duly authorized committee may appoint, and may empower the Chief Executive Officer to appoint, such other officers and agents as the business of the Corporation may require, each of whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority and perform such duties as are provided in these By-laws or as the Board or duly authorized committee may from time to time determine or as the Chief Executive Officer may delegate to such subordinate officer (consistent with the provisions of any resolutions adopted by the Board, these By-laws and the Certificate of Incorporation).

5.4 Removal and Resignation of Officers. Subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment, any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by an affirmative vote of the majority of the Board or authorized committee, at any regular or special meeting of the Board or such committee, or, except in case of an officer chosen by the Board or authorized committee, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the Board or authorized committee. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that notice or at any later time specified in that notice; and, unless otherwise specified in that notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the Corporation under any contract to which the officer is a party.

5.5 Vacancies in Offices. A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause shall be filled in the manner prescribed in these By-laws for regular appointment to that office.


5.6 Compensation. The salaries of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed from time to time by the Board or a committee thereof as required by applicable law and the rules of Nasdaq, and no officer shall be prevented from receiving a salary because he is also a director of the Corporation.

5.7 The Chairman of the Board. If the Board appoints a Chairman of the Board, such Chairman shall, when present, preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board. The Chairman shall perform such duties and possess such powers as are customarily vested in the office of the Chairman of a board of directors or as may be vested in the Chairman by the Board.

5.8 The Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer (i) shall preside, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board, at all meetings of the stockholders and at all meetings of the Board, (ii) shall have general and active management of the business of the Corporation and (iii) shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board are carried into effect. He or she shall execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the Corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board to some other officer or agent of the Corporation.

5.9 The President. The President shall, in the event there be no Chief Executive Officer or in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer or in the event of his or her disability or refusal to act, perform the duties of the Chief Executive Officer, and when so acting, shall have the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Chief Executive Officer. The President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed for such person by the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or these By-laws.

5.10 The Vice President. The Vice President (or in the event there be more than one, the Vice Presidents in the order designated by the directors, or in the absence of any designation, in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the President or in the event of his disability or refusal to act, perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. The Vice President(s) shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed for them by the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or these By-laws.

5.11 The Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board and the stockholders and record all votes and the proceedings of the meetings in a book to be kept for that purpose, and shall perform like duties for the standing committees, when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of stockholders and meetings of the Board (as required by these By-laws), and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, under whose supervision he or she shall act. The Secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation, and the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and, when so affixed, the seal may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of such Assistant Secretary. The Board may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing thereof by his or her signature. The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office or at the office of the Corporation’s transfer agent or registrar, as determined by resolution of the Board, a share register, or a duplicate share register, showing the names of all stockholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each, the number and date of certificates issued for the same, and the number and date of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.

5.12 The Assistant Secretary. The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order designated by the Board (or in the absence of any designation, in the order of their election) shall, in the absence of the Secretary, or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board.

5.13 The Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board. The Chief Financial Officer shall disburse the


funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Chief Executive Officer and the Board, at its regular meetings, or when the Board so requires, an account of all his or her transactions as Chief Financial Officer and of the financial condition of the Corporation.

5.14 Representation of Shares of Other Corporations. The Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer or the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of this Corporation, or any other person authorized by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer, is authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of this Corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation or corporations standing in the name of the Corporation. The authority granted herein may be exercised either by such person directly or by any other person authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such person having the authority.

ARTICLE VI. Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Employees and Other Agents

6.1 Indemnification of Directors and Officers. The Corporation shall, to the maximum extent and in the manner permitted by the DGCL, indemnify each of its directors and officers against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees), liabilities, losses, judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or otherwise, arising by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 6.1, a “director” or “officer” of the Corporation includes any person (a) who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, (b) who, while serving as a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or (c) who was a director or officer of a corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the Corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation.

6.2 Indemnification of Others. The Corporation shall have the power, to the maximum extent and in the manner permitted by the DGCL, to indemnify each of its employees and agents (other than directors and officers) against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees), liabilities, losses, judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding, arising by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 6.2, an “employee” or “agent” of the Corporation (other than a director or officer) includes any person (a) who is or was an employee or agent of the Corporation, (b) who is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as an employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or (c) who was an employee or agent of a corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the Corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation.

6.3 Payment of Expenses in Advance. Expenses incurred in defending any action or proceeding for which indemnification is required pursuant to Section 6.1 hereof, or for which indemnification is permitted pursuant to Section 6.2 hereof, following authorization thereof by the Board, shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the indemnified party to repay such amount, if it shall ultimately be determined that the indemnified party is not entitled to be indemnified as authorized in this Article 6.

6.4 Indemnity Not Exclusive. The indemnification provided by this Article 6 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in an official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, to the extent that such additional rights to indemnification are authorized in the Certificate of Incorporation.

6.5 Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under the provisions of the DGCL.


6.6 Conflicts. No indemnification or advance shall be made under this Article 6, except where such indemnification or advance is mandated by law or the order, judgment or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction, in any circumstance where it appears:

(a) That it would be inconsistent with a provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-laws, or an agreement in effect at the time of the accrual of the alleged cause of the action asserted in the proceeding in which the expenses were incurred or other amounts were paid, which prohibits or otherwise limits indemnification; or

(b) That it would be inconsistent with any condition expressly imposed by a court in approving a settlement.

ARTICLE VII. Stock Certificates

7.1 Certificates for Shares. The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates or shall be uncertificated. If certificated, each stockholder shall be entitled to a certificate or certificates of stock of the Corporation in such form as the Board may from time to time prescribe. The certificates of stock of the Corporation shall be numbered and shall be entered in the books of the Corporation as they are issued. They shall certify the holder’s name and number and class of shares and shall be signed by both (i) the Chairman of the Board, the President or Vice-President, and (ii) the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary.

7.2 Signatures on Certificates. Any or all of the signatures on a certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

7.3 Transfer of Stock. Upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate of shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, to cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books. Upon receipt of proper transfer instructions from the registered owner of uncertificated shares, such uncertificated shares shall be canceled, and issuance of new equivalent uncertificated shares or certificated shares shall be made to the person entitled thereto, and the transaction shall be recorded upon the books of the Corporation.

7.4 Registered Stockholders. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a percent registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the DGCL.

7.5 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The Board may direct that a new certificate or certificates be issued to replace any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing the issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Board may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his or her legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.

ARTICLE VIII. Notices

8.1 Notice. Whenever, under the provisions of the statutes or of the Certificate of Incorporation or of these By-laws, notice is required to be given to any director or stockholder, it shall not be construed to mean


personal notice, but such notice may be given in writing, by mail addressed to such director or stockholder, at his or her address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail. Notice to directors may also be given by facsimile, telephone or electronic transmission and to stockholders by any manner that complies with the DGCL and applicable federal law.

8.2 Waiver. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of the statutes or of the Certificate of Incorporation or of these By-laws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice.

ARTICLE IX. Miscellaneous Provisions

9.1 Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board at any regular or special meeting pursuant to law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and the DGCL.

9.2 Dividend Reserve. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends, such sum or sums as the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for such other purpose as the directors shall think conducive to the interest of the Corporation, and the directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.

9.3 Checks. All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board may from time to time designate.

9.4 Execution of Corporate Contracts and Instruments. The Board, except as otherwise provided in these By-laws, may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Unless so authorized or ratified by the Board or within the agency power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the Corporation by any contract or engagement, or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.

9.5 Books and Records. The Corporation shall keep at its principal executive office the original or a copy of these By-laws as amended to date, which By-laws shall be open to inspection by the stockholders at all reasonable times during office hours. The Secretary shall, upon the written request of any stockholder, furnish to that stockholder a copy of these By-laws as amended to date.

ARTICLE X. Amendments

In addition to the right of the stockholders of the Corporation to make, alter, amend, change, add to or repeal the By-laws of the Corporation, the Board is expressly authorized to adopt, amend or repeal the By-laws of the Corporation by vote of at least a majority of the members of the Board.

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