Basis of Presentation – The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Our financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain prior year balances have been reclassified in order to conform to current year presentation.

Recently Issued Accounting Literature – In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an update (“ASU 2014-08”) Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205, Presentation of Financial Statements and ASC Topic 360, Property Plant and Equipment. Under ASU 2014-08, only disposals that represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on the entity's results and operations would qualify as discontinued operations. In addition, ASU 2014-08 expands the disclosure requirements for disposals that meet the definition of a discontinued operation and requires entities to disclose information about disposals for individually significant components that do not meet the definition of discontinued operations. ASU 2014-08 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years that begin after December 15, 2014. The adoption of this update on January 1, 2015 did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2014-09”) establishing ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-09 establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services and also requires certain additional disclosures. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years that begin after December 15, 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2015-03”) Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs to ASC Topic 835, Interest. ASU 2015-03 requires that debt issuance costs be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability to which they relate, consistent with debt discounts, as opposed to being presented as assets. ASU 2015-03 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. We elected to early adopt ASU 2015-03 effective as of December 31, 2015 with retrospective application to our December 31, 2014 consolidating balance sheet. The effect of the adoption of ASU 2015-03 was to reclassify deferred debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization, of approximately $4,824,000 as of December 31, 2014 from “deferred debt issuance costs” to a contra account as a deduction from the related mortgages payable. There was no effect on our consolidated statements of income.

In January 2016, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2016-01”) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities to ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-01 amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments, including the requirement to measure certain equity investments at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. ASU 2016-01 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-01 on our consolidated financial statements.

Real Estate – Real estate is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the carrying amount of our real estate, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, was $803,939,000 and $783,902,000, respectively. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation requires an estimate by management of the useful life of each property and improvement as well as an allocation of the costs associated with a property to its various components. We capitalize all property operating expenses directly associated with and attributable to, the development and construction of a project, including interest expense. The capitalization period begins when development activities are underway and ends when it is determined that the asset is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, which is typically evidenced by the receipt of a TCO. General and administrative costs are expensed as incurred.

Our properties and related intangible assets, including properties to be developed in the future and currently under development, are individually reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Estimates of future cash flows are based on our current plans, intended holding periods and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared. For our development properties, estimates of future cash flows also include all future expenditures necessary to develop the asset, including interest payments that will be capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and is measured based on the excess of the property's carrying amount over its estimated fair value. If our estimates of future cash flows, anticipated holding periods, or fair values change, based on market conditions or otherwise, our evaluation of impairment charges may be different and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements. Estimates of future cash flows are subjective and are based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results. Plans to hold properties over longer periods decrease the likelihood of recording impairment losses.

Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value, due to their short-term maturities. The majority of our cash and cash equivalents consist of (i) deposits at major commercial banks, which may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit, (ii) United States Treasury Bills, (iii) money market funds, which invest in United States Treasury Bills and (iv) certificates of deposit placed through an account registry service (“CDARS”). To date we have not experienced any losses on our invested cash.

Short-term Investments – Short-term investments consist of United States Treasury Bills with original maturities greater than three but less than six months. These highly liquid investments are classified as available-for-sale and are presented at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized gains and losses resulting from these investments are included in “other comprehensive income” and are recognized in earnings only upon the expiration of the investments.

Restricted Cash – Restricted cash primarily consists of cash held in a non-interest bearing escrow account in connection with our Rego Park I 100% cash collateralized mortgage, as well as security deposits and other cash escrowed under loan agreements for debt service, real estate taxes, property insurance and capital improvements.

Marketable Securities – Our marketable securities consist of common shares of The Macerich Company (NYSE: MAC) (“Macerich”), which are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are presented at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized gains and losses resulting from the mark-to-market of these securities are included in “other comprehensive income” and are recognized in earnings only upon the sale of the securities. We evaluate our marketable securities for impairment at the end of each reporting period. If investments have unrealized losses, we evaluate the underlying cause of the decline in value and the estimated recovery period, as well as the severity and duration of the decline. In our evaluation, we consider our ability and intent to hold our investment for a reasonable period of time sufficient for us to recover our cost basis, as well as the near-term prospects for the investment in relation to the severity and duration of the decline.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts – We periodically evaluate the collectibility of amounts due from tenants, including the receivable arising from the straight-lining of rents, and maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts ($918,000 and $1,544,000 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively) for estimated losses resulting from the inability of tenants to make required payments under the lease agreements. We exercise judgment in establishing these allowances and consider payment history and current credit status in developing these estimates.

Deferred Charges – Direct financing costs are deferred and amortized over the terms of the related agreements as a component of interest and debt expense. Direct costs related to leasing activities are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the related leases. All other deferred charges are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest rate method, in accordance with the terms of the agreements to which they relate.

Revenue Recognition – We have the following revenue sources and revenue recognition policies:

Base Rent – revenue arising from tenant leases. These rents are recognized over the non-cancelable term of the related leases on a straight-line basis, which includes the effects of rent steps and free rent abatements under the leases. We commence rental revenue recognition when the tenant takes possession of the leased space and the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use. In addition, in circumstances where we provide a tenant improvement allowance for improvements that are owned by the tenant, we recognize the allowance as a reduction of rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Percentage Rent – revenue arising from retail tenant leases that is contingent upon the sales of tenants exceeding defined thresholds. These rents are recognized only after the contingency has been removed (i.e., when tenant sales thresholds have been achieved).

Expense Reimbursements – revenue arising from tenant leases which provide for the recovery of all or a portion of the operating expenses and real estate taxes of the respective properties. This revenue is accrued in the same periods as the expenses are incurred.

Parking Income – revenue arising from the rental of parking space at our properties. This income is recognized as cash is received.

Income Taxes – We operate in a manner intended to enable us to continue to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856 – 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, we must distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to stockholders each year. We distribute to our stockholders 100% of our taxable income and therefore, no provision for Federal income taxes is required. Dividends distributed for the year ended December 31, 2015 were characterized, for federal income taxes, as 97.3% ordinary income and 2.7% long-term capital gain income. Dividends distributed for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were categorized, for federal income tax purposes, as ordinary income.

The following table reconciles our net income to estimated taxable income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.


(Unaudited and in thousands)	Year Ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
Net income	$	76,907	$	67,925	$	56,915
Straight-line rent adjustments		(1,418)		(2,538)		(3,707)
Depreciation and amortization timing differences		2,477		2,283		2,134
Reversal of liability for income taxes		-		(420)		(206)
Other		751		765		(2,186)
Estimated taxable income	$	78,717	$	68,015	$	52,950

As of December 31, 2015, the net basis of our assets and liabilities for tax purposes are approximately $200,876,000 lower than the amount reported for financial statement purposes.