Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) have been omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although we believe that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. It is suggested that these financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Trust’s latest Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation for the periods presented have been included. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. Certain 2018 amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation, which includes the presentation of rental income on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Principles of Consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Trust, its corporate subsidiaries, and all entities in which the Trust has a controlling interest or has been determined to be the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The equity interests of other investors are reflected as noncontrolling interests or redeemable noncontrolling interests. All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. We account for our interests in joint ventures, which we do not control, using the equity method of accounting.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, referred to as “GAAP,” requires management to make estimates and assumptions that in certain circumstances affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and revenues and expenses. These estimates are prepared using management’s best judgment, after considering past, current and expected events and economic conditions. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements



Standard	Description	Effect on the financial statements or significant matters

Adopted on January 1, 2019:
Leases (Topic 842) and related updates: ASU 2016-02, February 2016, Leases (Topic 842) ASU 2018-10, July 2018, Codification improvements to Topic 842, Leases ASU 2018-11, July 2018, Leases (Topic 842) ASU 2019-01, March 2019, Leases (Topic 842), Codification Improvements	ASC 842 significantly changes the accounting for leases by requiring lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for leases greater than 12 months on their balance sheet. The larger changes to the lessor model include: a change in the definition of initial direct costs of leases (resulting in the upfront expensing of more leasing related costs), the requirement to make an upfront and ongoing assessment of whether collection of substantially all of the lease payments required for the term of each lease is probable (if not probable, lease revenue is effectively recognized when cash is collected), certain presentation changes, and the elimination of real estate specific guidance. ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2019-01 provide narrow amendments that clarify how to apply certain aspects of the guidance in ASU 2016-02. ASU 2018-11 provides the option of an additional transition method, by allowing entities to initially apply the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. It also provides lessors an option to not separate lease and non-lease components when certain criteria are met.	We have elected to apply the transition provisions of ASC Topic 842 at the beginning of the period of adoption (i.e., January 1, 2019), and therefore, did not retrospectively adjust prior periods presented. We have also elected to apply certain adoption related practical expedients for all leases that commenced prior to the effective date. These practical expedients include not reassessing whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; not reassessing the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and not reassessing initial direct costs for any existing leases. We have also elected the practical expedient allowing lessors to combine non-lease and lease components (primarily impacts common area maintenance recoveries). From a lessee perspective, the primary impact of adoption on January 1, 2019 was to record a lease obligation liability and right of use asset for operating leases where we are the lessee. The most significant of these operating leases are ground leases at 14 properties. The operating lease right of use assets and related liabilities are shown separately on the face of our consolidated balance sheet. Additionally, amounts previously recorded as capital lease assets and included in real estate have been reclassified in the June 30, 2019 balance sheet as finance lease right of use assets and the related capital lease obligations have been reclassified in the June 30, 2019 balance sheet as finance lease liabilities. Income statement presentation is not impacted for our existing operating and finance leases. From a lessor perspective, adoption of ASC 842 results in a charge to opening accumulated dividends in excess of net income of $7.1 million. This charge is attributable to the write off of certain direct leasing costs recorded as of December 31, 2018 under the previous lease accounting rules for leases which had not commenced and the write off of December 31, 2018 unreserved receivables (including straight-line receivables) for leases where we have determined that the collection of substantially all of the lease payments required for the term of the lease is not probable. Income statement presentation changes incorporated into our June 30, 2019 financial statements include: no longer recording a gross up of revenue and expense for costs (such as real estate taxes) paid directly by lessees on our behalf and recording collectability adjustments against revenue rather than as bad debt within rental expenses. As a result of the change in the definition of initial direct costs of leases, capitalized leasing costs excluding external commissions decreased to $0.6 million and $1.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, from$2.0 million and $3.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

The following table provides additional information on our operating and finance leases where we are the lessee:



	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2019
	(In thousands)
LEASE COST:
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	321	$	642
Interest on lease liabilities	1,455		2,911
Operating lease cost	1,493		2,997
Variable lease cost	129		220
Total lease cost	$	3,398	$	6,770

OTHER INFORMATION:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows for finance leases	$	1,433	$	2,893
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	1,268	$	2,779
Financing cash flows for finance leases	$	16	$	41

			June 30,
			2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term - finance leases			18.6 years
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases			53.7 years
Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases			8.0		%
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases			4.5		%

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Supplemental Disclosures

The following tables provide supplemental disclosures related to the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:



	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2019			2018
	(In thousands)
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:
Total interest costs incurred	$	64,755		$	64,685
Interest capitalized	(9,240		)	(10,735		)
Interest expense	$	55,515		$	53,950
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized	$	53,588		$	52,997
Cash paid for income taxes	$	419		$	692
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING TRANSACTIONS:
DownREIT operating partnership units redeemed for common shares	$	11,935		$	—
Shares issued under dividend reinvestment plan	$	897		$	955

See additional disclosures in the "Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements" section of this footnote relating to operating lease right of use assets and lease liabilities recorded in connection with our adoption of ASC Topic 842.



	June 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
RECONCILIATION OF CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	105,903	$	64,087
Restricted cash (1)	34,366		44,245
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	140,269	$	108,332

(1)

Restricted cash balances are included in "prepaid expenses and other assets" on our consolidated balance sheets.