Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines the fair values of its financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of quoted prices and observable inputs and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The Company elected fair value accounting for mortgages held for sale and for its best-efforts forward sales commitments. The Company economically hedges its mortgages held for sale at the time the interest rate locks are issued to the customers. The Company believes the election for mortgages held for sale will reduce certain timing differences and better match changes in the value of these assets with changes in the value of the derivatives or best-efforts forward sales commitments. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, all mortgages held for sale are carried at fair value.

The following table shows the differences between fair value carrying amount of mortgages held for sale measured at fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal amount the Company is contractually entitled to receive at maturity on December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(Dollars in thousands)	Fair value carrying amount		Aggregate unpaid principal		Excess of fair value carrying amount over (under) unpaid principal
December 31, 2023
Mortgages held for sale reported at fair value:
Total Loans	$	1,442	$	1,297	$	145	(1)
December 31, 2022
Mortgages held for sale reported at fair value:
Total Loans	$	3,914	$	3,766	$	148	(1)

(1) The excess of fair value carrying amount over (under) unpaid principal is included in mortgage banking income and includes changes in fair value at and subsequent to funding and gains and losses on the related loan commitment prior to funding.

Financial Instruments on Recurring Basis:

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Investment securities available-for-sale are valued primarily by a third-party pricing agent. Prices supplied by the independent pricing agent, as well as their pricing methodologies and assumptions, are reviewed by the Company for reasonableness and to ensure such prices are aligned with market levels. In general, the Company’s investment securities do not possess a complex structure that could introduce greater valuation risk. The portfolio mainly consists of traditional investments including U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities, Federal agency mortgage pass-through securities, and general obligation and revenue municipal bonds. Pricing for such instruments is fairly generic and is easily obtained. On a quarterly basis, prices supplied by the pricing agent are validated by comparison to prices obtained from other third party sources for a material portion of the portfolio.

The valuation policy and procedures for Level 3 fair value measurements of available-for-sale debt securities are decided through collaboration between management of the Corporate Accounting and Funds Management departments. The changes in fair value measurement for Level 3 securities are analyzed on a periodic basis under a collaborative framework with the aforementioned departments. The methodology and variables used for input are derived from the combination of observable and unobservable inputs. The unobservable inputs are determined through internal assumptions that may vary from period to period due to external factors, such as market movement and credit rating adjustments.

Both the market and income valuation approaches are implemented using the following types of inputs:

•U.S. treasuries are priced using the market approach and utilizing live data feeds from active market exchanges for identical securities.

•Government-sponsored agency debt securities and corporate bonds are primarily priced using available market information through processes such as benchmark curves, market valuations of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing.

•Other government-sponsored agency securities, mortgage-backed securities and some of the actively traded REMICs and CMOs, are primarily priced using available market information including benchmark yields, prepayment speeds, spreads and volatility of similar securities.

•State and political subdivisions are largely grouped by characteristics, i.e., geographical data and source of revenue in trade dissemination systems. Since some securities are not traded daily and due to other grouping limitations, active market quotes are often obtained using benchmarking for like securities. Local direct placement municipal securities, with very little market activity, are priced using an appropriate market yield curve which incorporates a credit spread assumption.

Mortgages held for sale and the related loan commitments and forward contracts (economic hedges) are valued by a third party pricing agent. Prices supplied by the independent pricing agent, as well as their pricing methodologies, are reviewed by the Company for reasonableness and to ensure such prices are aligned with market values. On a quarterly basis, prices supplied by the pricing agent are validated by comparison to the prices obtained from other third party sources.

Interest rate swap positions, both assets and liabilities, are valued by a third-party pricing agent using an income approach and utilizing models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters. This valuation process considers various factors including interest rate yield curves, time value and volatility factors. Validation of third-party agent valuations is accomplished by comparing those values to the Company’s swap counterparty valuations. Management believes an adjustment is required to “mid-market” valuations for derivatives tied to its performing loan portfolio to recognize the imprecision and related exposure inherent in the process of estimating expected credit losses as well as velocity of deterioration evident with systemic risks embedded in these portfolios. Any change in the mid-market derivative valuation adjustment will be recognized immediately through the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table shows the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2023
Assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities	$	541,461	$	381,405	$	—	$	922,866
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities	—		91,403		1,161		92,564
Mortgage-backed securities - Federal agencies	—		598,252		—		598,252
Corporate debt securities	—		8,329		—		8,329
Foreign government and other securities	—		589		—		589
Total debt securities available-for-sale	541,461		1,079,978		1,161		1,622,600
Mortgages held for sale	—		1,442		—		1,442
Accrued income and other assets (interest rate swap agreements)	—		22,704		—		22,704
Total	$	541,461	$	1,104,124	$	1,161	$	1,646,746
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (interest rate swap agreements)	$	—	$	23,140	$	—	$	23,140
Total	$	—	$	23,140	$	—	$	23,140
December 31, 2022
Assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities	$	573,679	$	424,919	$	—	$	998,598
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities	—		121,298		1,464		122,762
Mortgage-backed securities - Federal agencies	—		637,058		—		637,058
Corporate debt securities	—		16,131		—		16,131
Foreign government and other securities	—		579		—		579
Total debt securities available-for-sale	573,679		1,199,985		1,464		1,775,128
Mortgages held for sale	—		3,914		—		3,914
Accrued income and other assets (interest rate swap agreements)	—		24,838		—		24,838
Total	$	573,679	$	1,228,737	$	1,464	$	1,803,880
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (interest rate swap agreements)	$	—	$	25,307	$	—	$	25,307
Total	$	—	$	25,307	$	—	$	25,307

The following table shows the changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

(Dollars in thousands)	U.S. States and political subdivisions securities
Beginning balance January 1, 2023	$	1,464
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings	—
Included in other comprehensive income	(43)
Purchases	3,000
Issuances	—
Sales	—
Settlements	—
Maturities	(3,260)
Transfers into Level 3	—
Transfers out of Level 3	—
Ending balance December 31, 2023	$	1,161
Beginning balance January 1, 2022	$	1,849
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings	—
Included in other comprehensive income	(135)
Purchases	3,000
Issuances	—
Sales	—
Settlements	—
Maturities	(3,250)
Transfers into Level 3	—
Transfers out of Level 3	—
Ending balance December 31, 2022	$	1,464

There were no gains or losses for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets and liabilities still held at December 31, 2023 or 2022.

The following table shows the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

(Dollars in thousands)	Fair value		Valuation Methodology	Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs	Weighted Average
December 31, 2023
Debt securities available-for-sale
Direct placement municipal securities	$	1,161	Discounted cash flows	Credit spread assumption	0.31% - 5.28%	4.28	%
December 31, 2022
Debt securities available-for-sale
Direct placement municipal securities	$	1,464	Discounted cash flows	Credit spread assumption	0.22% - 4.09%	3.49	%

Financial Instruments on Non-recurring Basis:

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain other financial assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower of cost or market accounting or impairment charges of individual assets.

The Credit Policy Committee (CPC), a management committee, is responsible for overseeing the valuation processes and procedures for Level 3 measurements of impaired loans, other real estate and repossessions. The CPC reviews these assets on a quarterly basis to determine the accuracy of the observable inputs, generally third-party appraisals, auction values, values derived from trade publications and data submitted by the borrower, and the appropriateness of the unobservable inputs, generally discounts due to current market conditions and collection issues. The CPC establishes discounts based on asset type and valuation source; deviations from the standard are documented. The discounts are reviewed periodically, annually at a minimum, to determine they remain appropriate. Consideration is given to current trends in market values for the asset categories and gain and losses on sales of similar assets. The Loan and Funds Management Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing the CPC.

Discounts vary depending on the nature of the assets and the source of value. Aircraft are generally valued using quarterly trade publications adjusted for engine time, condition, maintenance programs, discounted by 10%. Likewise, autos are valued using current auction values, discounted by 10%; medium and heavy duty trucks are valued using trade publications and auction values, discounted by 15%. Construction equipment is generally valued using trade publications and auction values, discounted by 20%. Real estate is valued based on appraisals or evaluations, discounted by 20% at a minimum with higher discounts for property in poor condition or property with characteristics which may make it more difficult to market. Commercial loans subject to borrowing base certificates are generally discounted by 20% for receivables and 40% - 75% for inventory with higher discounts when monthly borrowing base certificates are not required or received.

Collateral-dependent impaired loans and related write-downs are based on the fair value of the underlying collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Collateral values are reviewed quarterly and estimated using customized discounting criteria, appraisals and dealer and trade magazine quotes which are used in a market valuation approach. In accordance with fair value measurements, only impaired loans for which an allowance for loan loss has been established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. As a result, only a portion of the Company’s impaired loans are classified in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company has established MSRs valuation policies and procedures based on industry standards and to ensure valuation methodologies are consistent and verifiable. MSRs and related adjustments to fair value result from application of lower of cost or fair value accounting. For purposes of impairment, MSRs are stratified based on the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying servicing, principally by loan type. The fair value of each tranche of the servicing portfolio is estimated by calculating the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows, taking into consideration actual and expected mortgage loan prepayment rates, discount rates, servicing costs, and other economic factors. Prepayment rates and discount rates are derived through a third-party pricing agent. Changes in the most significant inputs, including prepayment rates and discount rates, are compared to the changes in the fair value measurements and appropriate resolution is made. A fair value analysis is also obtained from an independent third-party agent and compared to the internal valuation for reasonableness. MSRs do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices and though sales of MSRs do occur, precise terms and conditions typically are not readily available and the characteristics of the Company’s servicing portfolio may differ from those of any servicing portfolios that do trade.

Other real estate is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral less expected selling costs. Collateral values are estimated primarily using appraisals and reflect a market value approach. Fair values are reviewed quarterly and new appraisals are obtained annually. Repossessions are similarly valued.

For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis the following represents impairment charges (recoveries) recognized on these assets during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively: collateral-dependent impaired loans - $4.28 million and $0.00 million; MSRs - $0.00 million and $0.00 million; repossessions - $0.00 million and $0.00 million, and other real estate - $0.00 million and $0.00 million.

The following table shows the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
December 31, 2023
Collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	—	$	—	$	6,289	$	6,289
Accrued income and other assets (mortgage servicing rights)	—		—		3,670		3,670
Accrued income and other assets (repossessions)	—		—		705		705
Accrued income and other assets (other real estate)	—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	10,664	$	10,664
December 31, 2022
Collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Accrued income and other assets (mortgage servicing rights)	—		—		4,137		4,137
Accrued income and other assets (repossessions)	—		—		327		327
Accrued income and other assets (other real estate)	—		—		104		104
Total	$	—	$	—	$	4,568	$	4,568

The following table shows the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Valuation Methodology	Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs	Weighted Average
December 31, 2023
Collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	6,289	$	6,289	Collateral based measurements including appraisals, trade publications, and auction values	Discount for lack of marketability and current conditions	10% - 20%	13.9	%
Mortgage servicing rights	3,670		8,151		Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rate (CPR)	6.1% - 17.6%	7.3	%
						Discount rate	11.0% - 13.1%	11.2	%
Repossessions	705		757		Appraisals, trade publications and auction values	Discount for lack of marketability	0% - 10%	8	%
Other real estate	—		—		Appraisals	Discount for lack of marketability	0% - 0%	0	%
December 31, 2022
Collateral-dependent impaired loans	$	—	$	—	Collateral based measurements including appraisals, trade publications, and auction values	Discount for lack of marketability and current conditions	0% - 0%	—	%
Mortgage servicing rights	4,137		8,007		Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rate (CPR)	7.6% - 9.6%	8.2	%
						Discount rate	11.4% - 14.2%	11.5	%
Repossessions	327		370		Appraisals, trade publications and auction values	Discount for lack of marketability	2% - 9%	7	%
Other real estate	104		104		Appraisals	Discount for lack of marketability	0% - 0%	0	%

GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis.

The following table shows the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments.

(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying or Contract Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2023
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	77,474	$	77,474	$	77,474	$	—	$	—
Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks	52,194		52,194		52,194		—		—
Investment securities, available-for-sale	1,622,600		1,622,600		541,461		1,079,978		1,161
Other investments	25,075		25,075		25,075		—		—
Mortgages held for sale	1,442		1,442		—		1,442		—
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses	6,370,953		6,204,791		—		—		6,204,791
Mortgage servicing rights	3,670		8,151		—		—		8,151
Accrued interest receivable	30,232		30,232		—		30,232		—
Interest rate swaps	22,704		22,704		—		22,704		—
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	7,038,581	$	7,033,549	$	5,299,896	$	1,733,653	$	—
Short-term borrowings	312,359		312,359		56,013		256,346		—
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities	47,911		47,098		—		47,098		—
Subordinated notes	58,764		55,842		—		55,842		—
Accrued interest payable	29,520		29,520		—		29,520		—
Interest rate swaps	23,140		23,140		—		23,140		—
Off-balance-sheet instruments *	—		120		—		120		—
December 31, 2022
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	84,703	$	84,703	$	84,703	$	—	$	—
Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks	38,094		38,094		38,094		—		—
Investment securities, available-for-sale	1,775,128		1,775,128		573,679		1,199,985		1,464
Other investments	25,293		25,293		25,293		—		—
Mortgages held for sale	3,914		3,914		—		3,914		—
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses	5,871,894		5,712,972		—		—		5,712,972
Mortgage servicing rights	4,137		8,007		—		—		8,007
Accrued interest receivable	24,747		24,747		—		24,747		—
Interest rate swaps	24,838		24,838		—		24,838		—
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	6,928,265	$	6,909,392	$	5,787,806	$	1,121,586	$	—
Short-term borrowings	215,529		215,529		139,079		76,450		—
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities	46,555		45,111		—		45,111		—
Subordinated notes	58,764		51,398		—		51,398		—
Accrued interest payable	5,999		5,999		—		5,999		—
Interest rate swaps	25,307		25,307		—		25,307		—
Off-balance-sheet instruments *	—		108		—		108		—

* Represents estimated cash outflows required to currently settle the obligations at current market rates.

These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and require considerable judgment to interpret market data. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange, nor are they intended to represent the fair value of the Company as a whole. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of the respective balance sheet date. Although the Company is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued since the presentation dates, and therefore, estimates of fair value after the balance sheet date may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.

Other significant assets, such as premises and equipment, other assets, and liabilities not defined as financial instruments, are not included in the above disclosures. Also, the fair value estimates for deposits do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market.