Fair Value Measurements

The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are also utilized to determine the initial value of certain assets and liabilities, to perform impairment assessments, and for disclosure purposes. The Company uses quoted market prices and observable inputs to the maximum extent possible when measuring fair value. In the absence of quoted market prices, various valuation techniques are utilized to measure fair value. When possible, observable market data for identical or similar financial instruments is used in the valuation. When market data is not available, fair value is determined using valuation models that incorporate management’s estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Fair value measurements are classified within one of three levels based on the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value, as follows:


•	Level 1 — The valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.


•	Level 2 — The valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

•

Level 3 — The valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by minimal or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the instrument. Level 3 valuations are typically performed using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate management’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the instrument, or valuations that require significant management judgment or estimation.

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company elected fair value accounting for mortgages held for sale. The Company believes the election for mortgages held for sale (which are economically hedged with free-standing derivatives) will reduce certain timing differences and better match changes in the value of these assets with changes in the value of derivatives used as economic hedges for these assets. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all mortgages held for sale were carried at fair value.

The following table shows the differences between the fair value carrying amount of mortgages held for sale measured at fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal amount the Company is contractually entitled to receive at maturity.



(Dollars in thousands)	Fair value carrying amount		Aggregate unpaid principal		Excess of fair value carrying amount over (under) unpaid principal
March 31, 2018
Mortgages held for sale reported at fair value	$	8,626	$	8,611	$	15	(1)

December 31, 2017
Mortgages held for sale reported at fair value	$	13,123	$	12,967	$	156	(1)


(1)	The excess of fair value carrying amount over (under) unpaid principal is included in mortgage banking income and includes changes in fair value at and subsequent to funding and gains and losses on the related loan commitment prior to funding.

Financial Instruments on Recurring Basis:

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Investment securities available-for-sale are valued primarily by a third party pricing agent. Prices supplied by the independent pricing agent, as well as their pricing methodologies and assumptions, are reviewed by the Company for reasonableness and to ensure such prices are aligned with market levels. In general, the Company’s investment securities do not possess a complex structure that could introduce greater valuation risk. The portfolio mainly consists of traditional investments including U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities, federal agency mortgage pass-through securities, and general obligation and revenue municipal bonds. Pricing for such instruments is fairly generic and is easily obtained. On a quarterly basis, prices supplied by the pricing agent are validated by comparison to prices obtained from other third party sources for a material portion of the portfolio.

The valuation policy and procedures for Level 3 fair value measurements of available-for-sale debt securities are decided through collaboration between management of the Corporate Accounting and Funds Management departments. The changes in fair value measurement for Level 3 securities are analyzed on a periodic basis under a collaborative framework with the aforementioned departments. The methodology and variables used for input are derived from the combination of observable and unobservable inputs. The unobservable inputs are determined through internal assumptions that may vary from period to period due to external factors, such as market movement and credit rating adjustments.

Both the market and income valuation approaches are implemented using the following types of inputs:


•	U.S. treasuries are priced using the market approach and utilizing live data feeds from active market exchanges for identical securities.


•	Government-sponsored agency debt securities and corporate bonds are primarily priced using available market information through processes such as benchmark curves, market valuations of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing.


•	Other government-sponsored agency securities, mortgage-backed securities and some of the actively traded REMICs and CMOs, are primarily priced using available market information including benchmark yields, prepayment speeds, spreads and volatility of similar securities.


•	Inactively traded government-sponsored agency securities are primarily priced using consensus pricing and dealer quotes.

•

State and political subdivisions are largely grouped by characteristics, i.e., geographical data and source of revenue in trade dissemination systems. Since some securities are not traded daily and due to other grouping limitations, active market quotes are often obtained using benchmarking for like securities. Local direct placement municipal securities, with very little market activity, are priced using an appropriate market yield curve, which includes a credit spread assumption.


•	Marketable equity (common) securities are primarily priced using the market approach and utilizing live data feeds from active market exchanges for identical securities.

Mortgages held for sale and the related loan commitments and forward contracts (hedges) are valued using a market value approach and utilizing an appropriate current market yield and a loan commitment closing rate based on historical analysis.

Interest rate swap positions, both assets and liabilities, are valued by a third party pricing agent using an income approach and utilizing models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters. This valuation process considers various factors including interest rate yield curves, time value and volatility factors. Validation of third party agent valuations is accomplished by comparing those values to the Company’s swap counterparty valuations. Management believes an adjustment is required to “mid-market” valuations for derivatives tied to its performing loan portfolio to recognize the imprecision and related exposure inherent in the process of estimating expected credit losses as well as velocity of deterioration evident with systemic risks embedded in these portfolios. Any change in the mid-market derivative valuation adjustment will be recognized immediately through the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table shows the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.



(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
March 31, 2018
Assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities	$	27,726	$	475,271	$	—	$	502,997
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities	—		95,830		2,155		97,985
Mortgage-backed securities — Federal agencies	—		296,330		—		296,330
Corporate debt securities	—		44,056		—		44,056
Foreign government and other securities	—		—		708		708
Total debt securities available-for-sale	27,726		911,487		2,863		942,076
Mortgages held for sale	—		8,626		—		8,626
Accrued income and other assets (interest rate swap agreements)	—		5,342		—		5,342
Total	$	27,726	$	925,455	$	2,863	$	956,044

Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (interest rate swap agreements)	$	—	$	5,439	$	—	$	5,439
Total	$	—	$	5,439	$	—	$	5,439

December 31, 2017
Assets:
Investment securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury and Federal agencies securities	$	27,971	$	440,148	$	—	$	468,119
U.S. States and political subdivisions securities	—		113,845		2,155		116,000
Mortgage-backed securities — Federal agencies	—		287,910		—		287,910
Corporate debt securities	—		31,294		—		31,294
Foreign government and other securities	—		—		710		710
Total debt securities available-for-sale	27,971		873,197		2,865		904,033
Mortgages held for sale	—		13,123		—		13,123
Accrued income and other assets (interest rate swap agreements)	—		5,167		—		5,167
Total	$	27,971	$	891,487	$	2,865	$	922,323

Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (interest rate swap agreements)	$	—	$	5,262	$	—	$	5,262
Total	$	—	$	5,262	$	—	$	5,262

The following table shows changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.



(Dollars in thousands)	U.S. States and political subdivisions securities			Foreign government and other securities			Investment securities available-for-sale
Beginning balance January 1, 2018	$	2,155		$	710		$	2,865
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings	—			—			—
Included in other comprehensive income	—			(2		)	(2		)
Purchases	—			—			—
Issuances	—			—			—
Sales	—			—			—
Settlements	—			—			—
Maturities	—			—			—
Transfers into Level 3	—			—			—
Transfers out of Level 3	—			—			—
Ending balance March 31, 2018	$	2,155		$	708		$	2,863

Beginning balance January 1, 2017	$	2,699		$	807		$	3,506
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings	—			—			—
Included in other comprehensive income	19			(3		)	16
Purchases	—			—			—
Issuances	—			—			—
Sales	—			—			—
Settlements	—			—			—
Maturities	(700		)	—			(700		)
Transfers into Level 3	—			—			—
Transfers out of Level 3	—			—			—
Ending balance March 31, 2017	$	2,018		$	804		$	2,822

There were no gains or losses for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets and liabilities still held at March 31, 2018 or 2017. No transfers between levels occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017.

The following table shows the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.



(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Methodology	Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs
March 31, 2018
Debt securities available-for sale
Direct placement municipal securities	$	2,155	Discounted cash flows	Credit spread assumption	2.26% - 3.08%

Foreign government	$	708	Discounted cash flows	Market yield assumption	0.22% - 1.33%

December 31, 2017
Debt securities available-for sale
Direct placement municipal securities	$	2,155	Discounted cash flows	Credit spread assumption	2.21% - 2.93%

Foreign government	$	710	Discounted cash flows	Market yield assumption	0.35% - 1.23%

The sensitivity to changes in the unobservable inputs and their impact on the fair value measurement can be significant. The significant unobservable input for direct placement municipal securities are the credit spread assumptions used to determine the fair value measure. An increase (decrease) in the estimated spread assumption of the market will decrease (increase) the fair value measure of the securities. The significant unobservable input for foreign government securities are the market yield assumptions. The market yield assumption is negatively correlated to the fair value measure. An increase (decrease) in the determined market yield assumption will decrease (increase) the fair value measurement.

Financial Instruments on Non-recurring Basis:

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain other financial assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower of cost or market accounting or impairment charges of individual assets.

The Credit Policy Committee (CPC), a management committee, is responsible for overseeing the valuation processes and procedures for Level 3 measurements of impaired loans, other real estate and repossessions. The CPC reviews these assets on a quarterly basis to determine the accuracy of the observable inputs, generally third party appraisals, auction values, values derived from trade publications and data submitted by the borrower, and the appropriateness of the unobservable inputs, generally discounts due to current market conditions and collection issues. The CPC establishes discounts based on asset type and valuation source; deviations from the standard are documented. The discounts are reviewed periodically, annually at a minimum, to determine they remain appropriate. Consideration is given to current trends in market values for the asset categories and gains and losses on sales of similar assets. The Loan and Funds Management Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing the CPC.

Discounts vary depending on the nature of the assets and the source of value. Aircraft are generally valued using quarterly trade publications adjusted for engine time, condition, maintenance programs, discounted by 10%. Likewise, autos are valued using current auction values, discounted by 10%; medium and heavy duty trucks are valued using trade publications and auction values, discounted by 15%. Construction equipment is generally valued using trade publications and auction values, discounted by 20%. Real estate is valued based on appraisals or evaluations, discounted by 20% with higher discounts for property in poor condition or property with characteristics which may make it more difficult to market. Commercial loans subject to borrowing base certificates are generally discounted by 20% for receivables and 40% - 75% for inventory with higher discounts when monthly borrowing base certificates are not required or received.

Impaired loans and related write-downs are based on the fair value of the underlying collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Collateral values are reviewed quarterly and estimated using customized discounting criteria, appraisals and dealer and trade magazine quotes which are used in a market valuation approach. In accordance with fair value measurements, only impaired loans for which a reserve for loan loss has been established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. As a result, only a portion of the Company’s impaired loans are classified in the fair value hierarchy.

Partnership investments and the adjustments to fair value primarily result from application of lower of cost or fair value accounting. The partnership investments are priced using financial statements provided by the partnerships. Quantitative unobservable inputs are not reasonably available for reporting purposes.

The Company has established MSRs valuation policies and procedures based on industry standards and to ensure valuation methodologies are consistent and verifiable. MSRs and related adjustments to fair value result from application of lower of cost or fair value accounting. For purposes of impairment, MSRs are stratified based on the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying servicing, principally by loan type. The fair value of each tranche of the servicing portfolio is estimated by calculating the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows, taking into consideration actual and expected mortgage loan prepayment rates, discount rates, servicing costs, and other economic factors. Prepayment rates and discount rates are derived through a third party pricing agent. Changes in the most significant inputs, including prepayment rates and discount rates, are compared to the changes in the fair value measurements and appropriate resolution is made. A fair value analysis is also obtained from an independent third party agent and compared to the internal valuation for reasonableness. MSRs do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices and though sales of MSRs do occur, precise terms and conditions typically are not readily available and the characteristics of the Company’s servicing portfolio may differ from those of any servicing portfolios that do trade.

Other real estate is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral less expected selling costs. Collateral values are estimated primarily using appraisals and reflect a market value approach. Fair values are reviewed quarterly and new appraisals are obtained annually. Repossessions are similarly valued.

For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis the following represents impairment charges (recoveries) recognized on these assets during the quarter ended March 31, 2018: impaired loans - $0.30 million; partnership investments - $0.00 million; mortgage servicing rights - $0.00 million; repossessions - $0.65 million; and other real estate - $0.00 million.

The following table shows the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.



(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
March 31, 2018
Impaired loans - collateral based	$	—	$	—	$	4,477	$	4,477
Accrued income and other assets (partnership investments)	—		—		1,000		1,000
Accrued income and other assets (mortgage servicing rights)	—		—		4,356		4,356
Accrued income and other assets (repossessions)	—		—		9,432		9,432
Accrued income and other assets (other real estate)	—		—		1,184		1,184
Total	$	—	$	—	$	20,449	$	20,449

December 31, 2017
Impaired loans - collateral based	$	—	$	—	$	7,994	$	7,994
Accrued income and other assets (partnership investments)	—		—		1,000		1,000
Accrued income and other assets (mortgage servicing rights)	—		—		4,349		4,349
Accrued income and other assets (repossessions)	—		—		10,114		10,114
Accrued income and other assets (other real estate)	—		—		1,312		1,312
Total	$	—	$	—	$	24,769	$	24,769

The following table below shows the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.



(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Valuation Methodology	Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs
March 31, 2018
Impaired loans	$	4,477	$	4,477	Collateral based measurements including appraisals, trade publications, and auction values	Discount for lack of marketability and current conditions	10%-20%

Mortgage servicing rights	4,356		7,389		Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rate (CPR)	7.4% - 23.6%
						Discount rate	10.1% - 13.0%

Repossessions	9,432		9,905		Appraisals, trade publications and auction values	Discount for lack of marketability	4% - 10%

Other real estate	1,184		1,312		Appraisals	Discount for lack of marketability	7% - 9%

December 31, 2017
Impaired loans	$	7,994	$	7,994	Collateral based measurements including appraisals, trade publications, and auction values	Discount for lack of marketability and current conditions	3% - 20%

Mortgage servicing rights	4,349		7,187		Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rate (CPR)	8.6% - 20.7%
						Discount rate	9.6% - 12.5%

Repossessions	10,114		10,493		Appraisals, trade publications and auction values	Discount for lack of marketability	3% - 10%

Other real estate	1,312		1,441		Appraisals	Discount for lack of marketability	7% - 9%

GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis.

The following table shows the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments.



(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying or Contract Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
March 31, 2018
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	29,404	$	29,404	$	29,404	$	—	$	—
Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks	21,748		21,748		21,748		—		—
Investment securities, available-for-sale	942,076		942,076		27,726		911,487		2,863
Other investments	27,265		27,265		27,265		—		—
Mortgages held for sale	8,626		8,626		—		8,626		—
Loans and leases, net of reserve for loan and lease losses	4,592,766		4,565,022		—		—		4,565,022
Mortgage servicing rights	4,356		7,389		—		—		7,389
Interest rate swaps	5,342		5,342		—		5,342		—
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	4,781,325	$	4,769,080	$	3,400,930	$	1,368,150	$	—
Short-term borrowings	355,964		355,964		144,454		211,510		—
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities	71,335		68,657		—		68,657		—
Subordinated notes	58,764		50,198		—		50,198		—
Interest rate swaps	5,439		5,439		—		5,439		—
Off-balance-sheet instruments *	—		287		—		287		—

December 31, 2017
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	73,635	$	73,635	$	73,635	$	—	$	—
Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks	4,398		4,398		4,398		—		—
Investment securities, available-for-sale	904,033		904,033		27,971		873,197		2,865
Other investments	25,953		25,953		25,953		—		—
Mortgages held for sale	13,123		13,123		—		13,123		—
Loans and leases, net of reserve for loan and lease losses	4,432,795		4,428,848		—		—		4,428,848
Mortgage servicing rights	4,349		7,187		—		—		7,187
Interest rate swaps	5,167		5,167		—		5,167		—
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	4,752,730	$	4,745,111	$	3,482,757	$	1,262,354	$	—
Short-term borrowings	214,595		214,595		206,862		7,733		—
Long-term debt and mandatorily redeemable securities	70,060		67,857		—		67,857		—
Subordinated notes	58,764		57,103		—		57,103		—
Interest rate swaps	5,262		5,262		—		5,262		—
Off-balance-sheet instruments *	—		286		—		286		—

* Represents estimated cash outflows required to currently settle the obligations at current market rates.

The methodologies for estimating fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are discussed above. The estimated fair value approximates carrying value for cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks and other investments. The methodologies for other financial assets and financial liabilities are discussed below:

Loans and Leases — For March 31, 2018, fair values of loans and leases are estimated on an exit price basis incorporating discounts for credit, liquidity and marketability factors. This is not comparable with the fair values disclosed for December 31, 2017, which were based on an entrance price basis. For that date, fair values of variable rate loans and leases that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk were based on carrying values. The fair values of other loans and leases as of that date were estimated using discounted cash flow analyses which used interest rates then being offered for loans and leases with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality.

Deposits — The fair values for all deposits other than time deposits are equal to the amounts payable on demand (the carrying value). Fair values of variable rate time deposits are equal to their carrying values. Fair values for fixed rate time deposits are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses using interest rates currently being offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities.

Short-Term Borrowings — The carrying values of Federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements, and other short-term borrowings, including the liability related to mortgage loans available for repurchase under GNMA optional repurchase programs, approximate their fair values.

Long-Term Debt and Mandatorily Redeemable Securities — The fair values of long-term debt are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on the current estimated incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The carrying values of mandatorily redeemable securities are based on the current estimated cost of redeeming these securities which approximate their fair values.

Subordinated Notes — Fair values are estimated based on calculated market prices of comparable securities.

Off-Balance-Sheet Instruments — Contract and fair values for certain off-balance-sheet financial instruments (guarantees) are estimated based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing.

Limitations — Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instruments. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other such factors.

These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and require considerable judgment to interpret market data. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange, nor are they intended to represent the fair value of the Company as a whole. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of the respective balance sheet date. Although the Company is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued since the presentation dates, and therefore, estimates of fair value after the balance sheet date may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.

Other significant assets, such as premises and equipment, other assets, and liabilities not defined as financial instruments, are not included in the above disclosures. Also, the fair value estimates for deposits do not include the benefit that results from the low-cost funding provided by the deposit liabilities compared to the cost of borrowing funds in the market.