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Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation — The financial statements consolidate 1st Source and its subsidiaries (principally the Bank). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. For purposes of the parent company only financial information presented in Note 22, investments in subsidiaries are carried at equity in the underlying net assets.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements — Financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) require the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Business Combinations
Business Combinations — Business combinations are accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. Under the purchase method, assets and liabilities of the business acquired are recorded at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition with any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired recorded as goodwill. Results of operations of the acquired business are included in the income statement from the date of acquisition.
Cash Flow
Cash Flows — For purposes of the consolidated and parent company only statements of cash flows, the Company considers cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with other banks with original maturities of three months or less as cash and cash equivalents.
Securities
Securities — Securities that the Company has the ability and positive intent to hold to maturity are classified as investment securities held-to-maturity. Held-to-maturity investment securities, when present, are carried at amortized cost. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company held no securities classified as held-to-maturity. Securities that may be sold in response to, or in anticipation of, changes in interest rates and resulting prepayment risk, or for other factors, are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on these securities are reported, net of applicable taxes, as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity.
The initial indication of other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) for both debt and equity securities is a decline in fair value below amortized cost. Quarterly, any impaired securities are analyzed on a qualitative and quantitative basis in determining OTTI. Declines in the fair value of available-for-sale debt securities below their cost that are deemed to be other-than-temporary are reflected in earnings as realized losses to the extent the impairment is related to credit losses. The amount of impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income. In estimating OTTI impairment losses, the Company considers among other things, (i) the length of time and the extent to which fair value has been less than cost, (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (iii) whether it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell any such securities before an anticipated recovery of cost.
Debt and equity securities that are purchased and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading account securities and are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in earnings. Realized gains and losses on the sales of all securities are reported in earnings and computed using the specific identification cost basis.
Other investments consist of shares of Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis (FHLBI) and Federal Reserve Bank stock. As restricted member stocks, these investments are carried at cost. Both cash and stock dividends received on the stocks are reported as income. Quarterly, the Company reviews its investment in FHLBI for impairment. Factors considered in determining impairment are: history of dividend payments; determination of cause for any net loss; adequacy of capital; and review of the most recent financial statements. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, it was determined that the Company’s investment in FHLBI stock is appropriately valued at cost, which equates to par value. In addition, other investments include interest bearing deposits with other banks with original maturities of greater than three months. These investments  are in denominations, including accrued interest, that are fully insured by the FDIC.
Loans and Leases
Loans and Leases — Loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of unamortized deferred loan origination fees and costs and net of unearned income. Interest income is accrued as earned based on unpaid principal balances. Origination fees and direct loan and lease origination costs are deferred and the net amount amortized to interest income over the estimated life of the related loan or lease. Loan commitment fees are deferred and amortized into other income over the commitment period.
Direct financing leases are carried at the aggregate of lease payments plus estimated residual value of the leased property, net of unamortized deferred lease origination fees and costs and unearned income. Interest income on direct financing leases is recognized over the term of the lease to achieve a constant periodic rate of return on the outstanding investment.
The accrual of interest on loans and leases is discontinued when a loan or lease becomes contractually delinquent for 90 days, or when an individual analysis of a borrower’s credit worthiness indicates a credit should be placed on nonperforming status, except for residential mortgage loans and consumer loans that are well secured and in the process of collection. Residential mortgage loans are placed on nonaccrual at the time the loan is placed in foreclosure. When interest accruals are discontinued, interest credited to income in the current year is reversed and interest accrued in the prior year is charged to the reserve for loan and lease losses. However, in some cases, the Company may elect to continue the accrual of interest when the net realizable value of collateral is sufficient to cover the principal and accrued interest. When a loan or lease is classified as nonaccrual and the future collectibility of the recorded loan or lease balance is doubtful, collections on interest and principal are applied as a reduction to principal outstanding. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, which is typically evidenced by a sustained repayment performance of at least six months.
A loan or lease is considered impaired, based on current information and events, if it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan or lease agreement. Interest on impaired loans and leases, which are not classified as nonaccrual, is recognized on the accrual basis. The Company evaluates loans and leases exceeding $100,000 for impairment and establishes a specific reserve as a component of the reserve for loan and lease losses when it is probable all amounts due will not be collected pursuant to the contractual terms of the loan or lease and the recorded investment in the loan or lease exceeds its fair value.
Loans and leases that have been modified and economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced financial difficulties are considered a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) and, by definition, are deemed an impaired loan. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and may include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructuring and typically are returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period of at least six months.
When the Company modifies loans and leases in a TDR, it evaluates any possible impairment similar to other impaired loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan or lease agreement, or uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs for collateral dependent loans. If the Company determines that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through a reserve for loan and lease losses estimate or a charge-off to the reserve for loan and lease losses. In periods subsequent to modification, the Company evaluates all TDRs, including those that have payment defaults, for possible impairment and recognizes impairment through the reserve for loan and lease losses.
The Company sells mortgage loans to the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) in the normal course of business and retains the servicing rights. The GNMA programs under which the loans are sold allow the Company to repurchase individual delinquent loans that meet certain criteria from the securitized loan pool. At its option, and without GNMA’s prior authorization, the Company may repurchase a delinquent loan for an amount equal to 100% of the remaining principal balance on the loan. Once the Company has the unconditional ability to repurchase a delinquent loan, the Company is deemed to have regained effective control over the loan and the Company is required to recognize the loan on its balance sheet and record an offsetting liability, regardless of its intent to repurchase the loan. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, residential real estate portfolio loans included $6.73 million and $7.04 million, respectively, of loans available for repurchase under the GNMA optional repurchase programs with the offsetting liability recorded within other short-term borrowings.
Mortgage Banking Activities
Mortgage Banking Activities — Loans held for sale are composed of performing one-to-four family residential mortgage loans originated for resale. Mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell are carried at fair value.
The Company recognizes the rights to service mortgage loans for others as separate assets, whether the servicing rights are acquired through a separate purchase or through the sale of originated loans with servicing rights retained. The Company allocates a portion of the total proceeds of a mortgage loan to servicing rights based on the relative fair value. These assets are amortized as reductions of mortgage servicing fee income over the estimated servicing period in proportion to the estimated servicing income to be received. Gains and losses on the sale of mortgage servicing rights are recognized in Noninterest Income on the Statements of Income in the period in which such rights are sold.
Mortgage servicing assets are evaluated for impairment at each reporting date. For purposes of impairment measurement, mortgage servicing assets are stratified based on the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying servicing, principally by loan type. If temporary impairment exists within a tranche, a valuation allowance is established through a charge to income equal to the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value. If it is later determined all or a portion of the temporary impairment no longer exists for a particular tranche, the valuation allowance is reduced through a recovery of income.
Mortgage servicing assets are also reviewed for other-than-temporary impairment. Other-than-temporary impairment exists when recoverability of a recorded valuation allowance is determined to be remote considering historical and projected interest rates, prepayments, and loan pay-off activity. When this situation occurs, the unrecoverable portion of the valuation allowance is applied as a direct write-down to the carrying value of the mortgage servicing asset. Unlike a valuation allowance, a direct write-down permanently reduces the carrying value of the mortgage servicing asset and the valuation allowance, precluding subsequent recoveries.
As part of mortgage banking operations, the Company enters into commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on these loans is determined prior to funding (“rate lock commitments”). Similar to loans held for sale, the fair value of rate lock commitments is subject to change primarily due to changes in interest rates. Under the Company’s risk management policy, these fair values are hedged primarily by selling forward contracts on agency securities. The rate lock commitments on mortgage loans intended to be sold and the related hedging instruments are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in current earnings.
Reserve for Loan and Lease Losses
Reserve for Loan and Lease Losses — The reserve for loan and lease losses is maintained at a level believed to be appropriate by the Company to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. The determination of the reserve requires significant judgment reflecting the Company’s best estimate of probable loan and lease losses related to specifically identified impaired loans and leases as well as probable losses in the remainder of the various loan and lease portfolios. For purposes of determining the reserve, the Company has segmented loans and leases into classes based on the associated risk within these segments. The Company has determined that eight classes exist within the loan and lease portfolio. The methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the reserve consists of several key elements, which include: specific reserves for impaired loans, formula reserves for each business lending division portfolio including percentage allocations for special attention loans and leases not deemed impaired, and reserves for pooled homogenous loans and leases. The Company’s evaluation is based upon a continuing review of these portfolios, estimates of customer performance, collateral values and dispositions, and assessments of economic and geopolitical events, all of which are subject to judgment and will change.
Specific reserves are established for certain business and specialty finance credits based on a regular analysis of special attention loans and leases. This analysis is performed by the Credit Policy Committee, the Loan Review Department, Credit Administration, and the Loan Workout Departments. The specific reserves are based on an analysis of underlying collateral values, cash flow considerations and, if applicable, guarantor capacity. Sources for determining collateral values include appraisals, evaluations, auction values and industry guides. Generally, for loans secured by commercial real estate and dependent on cash flows from the underlying collateral to service the debt, a new appraisal is obtained at the time the credit is deemed to be impaired. For non-income producing commercial real estate, an appraisal or evaluation is ordered depending on an analysis of the underlying factors, including an assessment of the overall credit worthiness of the borrower, the value of non-real estate collateral supporting the transaction and the date of the most recent existing appraisal or evaluation. An evaluation may be performed in lieu of obtaining a new appraisal for less complex transactions secured by local market properties. Values based on evaluations are discounted more heavily than those determined by appraisals when calculating loan impairment. Appraisals, evaluations and industry guides are used to determine aircraft values. Appraisals, industry guides and auction values are used to determine construction equipment, truck and auto values.
The formula reserves determined for each business lending division portfolio are calculated quarterly by applying loss factors to outstanding loans and leases based upon a review of historical loss experience and qualitative factors, which include but are not limited to, economic trends, current market risk assessment by industry, recent loss experience in particular segments of the portfolios, movement in equipment values collateralizing specialized industry portfolios, concentrations of credit, delinquencies, trends in volume, experience and depth of relationship managers and division management, and the effects of changes in lending policies and practices, including changes in quality of the loan and lease origination, servicing and risk management processes. Special attention loans and leases without specific reserves receive a higher percentage allocation ratio than credits not considered special attention.
Pooled loans and leases are smaller credits and are homogenous in nature, such as consumer credits and residential mortgages. Pooled loan and lease loss reserves are based on historical net charge-offs, adjusted for delinquencies, the effects of lending practices and programs and current economic conditions, and current trends in the geographic markets which the Company serves.
A comprehensive analysis of the reserve is performed on a quarterly basis by reviewing all loans and leases over a fixed dollar amount ($100,000) where the internal credit quality grade is at or below a predetermined classification. Although the Company determines the amount of each element of the reserve separately and relies on this process as an important credit management tool, the entire reserve is available for the entire loan and lease portfolio. The actual amount of losses incurred can vary significantly from the estimated amounts both positively and negatively. The Company’s methodology includes several factors intended to minimize the difference between estimated and actual losses. These factors allow the Company to adjust its estimate of losses based on the most recent information available.
Impaired loans are reviewed quarterly to assess the probability of being able to collect the portion considered impaired. When a review and analysis of the underlying credit and collateral indicates ultimate collection is improbable, the deficiency is charged-off and deducted from the reserve. Loans and leases, which are deemed uncollectible or have a low likelihood of collection, are charged off and deducted from the reserve, while recoveries of amounts previously charged off are credited to the reserve. A (recovery of) provision for loan and lease losses is credited or charged to operations based on the Company’s periodic evaluation of the factors previously mentioned, as well as other pertinent factors.
Equipment Owned Under Operating Leases
Equipment Owned Under Operating Leases — The Company finances various types of construction equipment, medium and heavy duty trucks, automobiles and other equipment under leases classified as operating leases. The equipment underlying the operating leases is reported at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, in the Statements of Financial Condition. These operating lease arrangements require the lessee to make a fixed monthly rental payment over a specified lease term generally ranging from three to seven years. Revenue consists of the contractual lease payments and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and reported as noninterest income. Leased assets are being depreciated on a straight-line method over the lease term to the estimate of the equipment’s fair market value at lease termination, also referred to as “residual” value. The depreciation of these operating lease assets is reported as Noninterest Expense on the Statements of Income. For automobile leases, fair value is based upon published industry market guides. For other equipment leases, fair value may be based upon observable market prices, third-party valuations, or prices received on sales of similar assets at the end of the lease term. These residual values are reviewed periodically to ensure the recorded amount does not exceed the fair market value at the lease termination. At the end of the lease, the operating lease asset is either purchased by the lessee or returned to the Company.
Other Real Estate
Other Real Estate — Other real estate acquired through partial or total satisfaction of nonperforming loans is included in Other Assets and recorded at fair value less anticipated selling costs based upon the property’s appraised value at the date of transfer, with any difference between the fair value of the property less cost to sell, and the carrying value of the loan charged to the reserve for loan losses or other income, if a positive adjustment. Other real estate also includes bank premises qualifying as held for sale. Bank premises are transferred at the lower of fair value less anticipated selling costs. Subsequent fair value write-downs or write-ups, to the extent of previous write-downs, property maintenance costs, and gains or losses recognized upon the sale of other real estate are recognized in Noninterest Expense on the Statements of Income. Gains or losses resulting from the sale of other real estate are recognized on the date of sale. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, other real estate had carrying values of $5.49 million and $5.35 million, respectively, and is included in Other Assets in the Statements of Financial Condition.
Repossessed Assets
Repossessed Assets — Repossessed assets may include fixtures and equipment, inventory and receivables, aircraft, construction equipment, and vehicles acquired from business banking and specialty finance activities. Repossessed assets are included in Other Assets at fair value of the equipment or vehicle less estimated selling costs. At the time of repossession, the recorded amount of the loan or lease is written down to the fair value of the equipment or vehicle by a charge to the reserve for loan and lease losses or other income, if a positive adjustment. Subsequent fair value write-downs or write-ups, to the extent of previous write-downs, equipment maintenance costs, and gains or losses recognized upon the sale of repossessions are recognized in Noninterest Expense on the Statements of Income. Gains or losses resulting from the sale of repossessed assets are recognized on the date of sale. Repossessed assets totaled $4.26 million and $0.06 million, as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and are included in Other Assets in the Statements of Financial Condition.
Premises and Equipment
Premises and Equipment — Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The provision for depreciation is computed by the straight-line method, primarily with useful lives ranging from three to 31.5 years. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, while improvements, which extend the useful life, are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated remaining life.
Goodwill and Intangibles
Goodwill and Intangibles — Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of businesses acquired over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Other intangible assets represent purchased assets that also lack physical substance but can be distinguished from goodwill because of contractual or other legal rights or because the asset is capable of being sold or exchanged either on its own or in combination with a related contract, asset, or liability. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually or on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the carrying amount. Goodwill is allocated into two reporting units. Fair value for each reporting unit is estimated using stock price multiples or revenue multiples. Intangible assets that have finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are subject to impairment testing. All of the Company’s other intangible assets have finite lives and are amortized on a straight-line basis over varying periods not exceeding eleven years. The Company performed the required annual impairment test of goodwill during the fourth quarter of 2013 and determined that no impairment exists.
Partnership Investment
Partnership Investment — The Company accounts for its investments in partnerships for which it owns three percent or more of the partnership on the equity method. The partnerships which the Company has investments in account for their investments at fair value. As a result, the Company’s investments in these partnerships reflect the underlying fair value of the partnerships’ investments. The Company accounts for its investments in partnerships of which it owns less than three percent at the lower of cost or fair value. Investments in partnerships are included in Other Assets in the Statements of Financial Condition. The balances as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 were $4.28 million and $3.21 million, respectively.
Short-Term Borrowings
Short-Term Borrowings — Short-term borrowings consist of Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, commercial paper, Federal Home Loan Bank notes, and borrowings from non-affiliated banks. Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and other short-term borrowings mature within one to 365 days of the transaction date. Commercial paper matures within seven to 270 days. Other short-term borrowings in the Statements of Financial Condition include the Company’s liability related to mortgage loans available for repurchase under GNMA optional repurchase programs.
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at the amounts at which the securities were acquired or sold plus accrued interest. The fair value of collateral either received from or provided to a third party is continually monitored and additional collateral obtained or requested to be returned to the Company as deemed appropriate.
Trust Fees
Trust Fees — Trust fees are recognized on the accrual basis.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes — 1st Source and its subsidiaries file a consolidated Federal income tax return. The provision for incomes taxes is based upon income in the consolidated financial statements, rather than amounts reported on the income tax return. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the expected amount most likely to be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of a sufficient level of future taxable income and recoverable taxes paid in prior years. Although realization is not assured, the Company believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will be realized.
Positions taken in the tax returns may be subject to challenge by the taxing authorities upon examination. Uncertain tax positions are initially recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are both initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement with the tax authority, assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. The Company provides for interest and, in some cases, penalties on tax positions that may be challenged by the taxing authorities. Interest expense is recognized beginning in the first period that such interest would begin accruing. Penalties are recognized in the period that the Company claims the position in the tax return. Interest and penalties on income tax uncertainties are classified within Income Tax Expense in the Statements of Income.
Net Income Per Common Share
Net Income Per Common Share — Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, stock warrants and nonvested stock-based compensation awards.
Stock-Based Employee Compensation
Stock-Based Employee Compensation — The Company recognizes stock-based compensation as compensation cost in the Statements of Income based on their fair values on the measurement date, which, for its purposes, is the date of grant. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation using the modified prospective transition method.
Segment Information
Segment Information — 1st Source has one principal business segment, commercial banking. While our chief decision makers monitor the revenue streams of various products and services, the identifiable segments’ operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a company-wide basis. Accordingly, all of the Company’s financial service operations are considered to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.
Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivative Financial Instruments — The Company occasionally enters into derivative financial instruments as part of its interest rate risk and foreign currency risk management strategies. These derivative financial instruments consist primarily of interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts. All derivative instruments are recorded on the Statements of Financial Condition, as either an asset or liability, at their fair value. The accounting for the gain or loss resulting from the change in fair value depends on the intended use of the derivative. For a derivative used to hedge changes in fair value of a recognized asset or liability, or an unrecognized firm commitment, the gain or loss on the derivative will be recognized in earnings together with the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item. This results in an earnings impact only to the extent that the hedge is ineffective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value. If it is determined that the derivative instrument is not highly effective as a hedge, hedge accounting is discontinued and the adjustment to fair value of the derivative instrument is recorded in earnings. For a derivative used to hedge changes in cash flows associated with forecasted transactions, the gain or loss on the effective portion of the derivative will be deferred, and reported as accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of shareholders’ equity, until such time the hedged transaction affects earnings. For derivative instruments not accounted for as hedges, changes in fair value are recognized in noninterest income/expense. Deferred gains and losses from derivatives that are terminated and were in a cash flow hedge are amortized over the shorter of the original remaining term of the derivative or the remaining life of the underlying asset or liability.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements — The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Securities available for sale, trading securities, mortgage loans held for sale, and derivative instruments are carried at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurements are also utilized to determine the initial value of certain assets and liabilities, to perform impairment assessments, and for disclosure purposes. The Company uses quoted market prices and observable inputs to the maximum extent possible when measuring fair value. In the absence of quoted market prices, various valuation techniques are utilized to measure fair value. When possible, observable market data for identical or similar financial instruments are used in the valuation. When market data is not available, fair value is determined using valuation models that incorporate management’s estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Fair value measurements are classified within one of three levels based on the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value, as follows:
Level 1 — The valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.
Level 2 — The valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
Level 3 — The valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by minimal or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the instrument. Level 3 valuations are typically performed using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate management’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the instrument, or valuations that require significant management judgment or estimation.
Reclassifications
Reclassifications — Certain amounts in the prior periods consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on total assets, shareholders’ equity or net income as previously reported.