Miscellaneous Financial Information (Narrative) (Details) (USD $)	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Miscellaneous Financial Information [Abstract]
Research and development expense	$ 1,044,000,000	$ 1,042,000,000	$ 1,044,000,000
Foreign currency transaction gain/(loss), before tax	155,000,000	159,000,000	(184,000,000)
Gains on combined effects of LIFO inventory accumulations and draw-downs	282,000,000	328,000,000	292,000,000
Replacement cost of inventories estimated to exceed LIFO carrying values	$ 21,200,000,000	$ 21,300,000,000

The effect of liquidating LIFO (last in first out) inventory layers on income.

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The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.

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