UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

Commission File Number I-4383

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

NEW YORK	Trading Symbol	14-1387171
(State of incorporation)	ESP	(I.R.S. Employer's Identification No.)

233 Ballston Avenue, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866

(Address of principal executive offices)

518-245-4400

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☒ Yes           ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

☒ Yes            ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company:

☐ Large accelerated filer	☐ Non-accelerated filer
☐ Accelerated filer	☒ Smaller reporting company

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company.

☐ Yes            ☒ No

At May 14, 2020, there were 2,402,633 shares outstanding of the registrant's Common stock, $.33-1/3 par value.

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

I N D E X

PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION		PAGE
	Item 1	Financial Statements:
		Balance Sheets - March 31, 2020 (Unaudited) and June 30, 2019	1
		Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) -Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	2
		Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) – Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	3
		Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	7
		Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8
	Item 2	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	14
	Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	20
	Item 4	Controls and Procedures	20
PART II	OTHER INFORMATION		21
	Item 1	Legal Proceedings	21
	Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities	21
	Item 3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	21
	Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	21
	Item 5	Other Information	21
	Item 6	Exhibits	21
	SIGNATURES		22

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Balance Sheets

March 31, 2020 (Unaudited) and June 30, 2019

	March 31, 2020			June 30, 2019
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,390,559		$	1,462,761
Investment securities		5,723,214			5,684,240
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance of $3,000		5,107,139			10,995,783
Income tax receivable		79,469			—
Inventories:
Raw materials		2,113,130			1,747,449
Work-in-process		796,825			408,130
Costs related to contracts in process		14,186,291			11,069,558
Total inventories		17,096,246			13,225,137
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		758,641			494,181
Total current assets		33,155,268			31,862,102
Property, plant and equipment, net		3,602,638			3,825,411
Total assets	$	36,757,906		$	35,687,513
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Accounts payable	$	1,536,083		$	2,160,433
Accrued expenses:
Salaries and wages		392,413			329,890
Vacation		785,806			786,870
ESOP payable		228,436			—
Other		191,606			109,755
Payroll and other taxes withheld		60,128			61,451
Contract liabilities		2,791,775			6,054
Income taxes payable		—			30,481
Total current liabilities		5,986,247			3,484,934
Deferred tax liabilities		254,801			277,075
Total liabilities		6,241,048			3,762,009
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 5)
Common stock, par value $.33-1/3 per share
Authorized 10,000,000 shares; Issued 3,029,874 shares
as of March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019.  Outstanding
2,402,633 and 2,401,213 as of March 31, 2020 and
June 30, 2019, respectively (includes 3,541 and 14,166
Unearned ESOP shares, respectively)		1,009,958			1,009,958
Capital in excess of par value		18,924,725			18,731,975
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(327	)		(1,299	)
Retained earnings		18,438,013			20,022,132
		38,372,369			39,762,766
Less:  Unearned ESOP shares		(204,706	)		(204,706	)
Cost of 627,241 and 628,661 shares of common stock
in treasury as of March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019,
respectively		(7,650,805	)		(7,632,556	)
Total stockholders’ equity		30,516,858			31,925,504
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	36,757,906		$	35,687,513

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

1 

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)

Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	March 31,					March 31,
	2020			2019		2020		2019
Net sales	$	6,191,300		$	9,218,141	$	19,401,793	$	24,858,649
Cost of sales		5,280,367			7,067,702		15,874,364		20,199,041
Gross profit		910,933			2,150,439		3,527,429		4,659,608
Selling, general and administrative expenses		1,057,034			1,069,070		3,390,988		3,374,301
Operating (loss) income		(146,101	)		1,081,369		136,441		1,285,307
Other income
Interest income		20,127			38,623		86,203		133,398
Other		3,391			6,631		23,568		41,288
Total other income		23,518			45,254		109,771		174,686
(Loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes		(122,583	)		1,126,623		246,212		1,459,993
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		(18,818	)		204,167		39,237		258,107
Net (loss) income	$	(103,765	)	$	922,456	$	206,975	$	1,201,886
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Unrealized gain on investment securities		1,130			1,512		972		3,766
Total comprehensive (loss) income	$	(102,635	)	$	923,968	$	207,947	$	1,205,652
Net (loss) income per share:
Basic	$	(0.04	)	$	0.39	$	0.09	$	0.51
Diluted	$	(0.04	)	$	0.39	$	0.09	$	0.50
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic		2,394,727			2,378,332		2,391,247		2,369,527
Diluted		2,394,727			2,388,781		2,395,787		2,388,258
Dividends per share:	$	0.25		$	0.25	$	0.75	$	1.75

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

2 

Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp.

Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

							Accumulated
					Capital in		Other												Unearned			Total
	Outstanding		Common		Excess of		Comprehensive			Retained			Treasury Stock						ESOP			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Par Value		Income (Loss)			Earnings			Shares			Amount			Shares			Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2019		2,401,033	$	1,009,958	$	18,858,202	$	(1,457	)	$	19,138,895			628,841		$	(7,664,005	)	$	(204,706	)	$	31,136,887
Comprehensive (loss) income:
Net loss											(103,765	)											(103,765	)
Other comprehensive income,
net of tax of $ 217								1,130															1,130
Total comprehensive loss																							(102,635	)
Stock options exercised		1,600				17,520								(1,600	)		13,200						30,720
Stock-based compensation						49,003																	49,003
Dividends paid on common stock
$0.25 per share											(597,117	)											(597,117	)
Balance as of March 31, 2020		2,402,633	$	1,009,958	$	18,924,725	$	(327	)	$	18,438,013			627,241		$	(7,650,805	)	$	(204,706	)	$	30,516,858

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

3 

Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp.

Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020

								Accumulated
						Capital in		Other												Unearned			Total
	Outstanding			Common		Excess of		Comprehensive			Retained			Treasury Stock						ESOP			Stockholders’
	Shares			Amount		Par Value		Income (Loss)			Earnings			Shares			Amount			Shares			Equity
Balance as of June 30, 2019		2,401,213		$	1,009,958	$	18,731,975	$	(1,299	)	$	20,022,132			628,661		$	(7,632,556	)	$	(204,706	)	$	31,925,504
Comprehensive income:
Net income												206,975												206,975
Other comprehensive income,
net of tax of $259									972															972
Total comprehensive income																								207,947
Stock options exercised		3,600					51,300								(3,600	)		29,700						81,000
Stock-based compensation							141,450																	141,450
Dividends paid on common stock
$0.75 per share												(1,791,094	)											(1,791,094	)
Purchase of treasury stock		(2,180	)												2,180			(47,949	)					(47,949	)
Balance as of March 31, 2020		2,402,633		$	1,009,958	$	18,924,725	$	(327	)	$	18,438,013			627,241		$	(7,650,805	)	$	(204,706	)	$	30,516,858

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

4 

Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp.

Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

							Accumulated
					Capital in		Other												Unearned			Total
	Outstanding		Common		Excess of		Comprehensive			Retained			Treasury Stock						ESOP			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Par Value		Income (Loss)			Earnings			Shares			Amount			Shares			Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2018		2,396,323	$	1,009,958	$	18,403,798	$	(4,095	)	$	19,145,095			633,551		$	(7,642,943	)	$	(421,453	)	$	30,490,360
Comprehensive income:
Net income											922,456												922,456
Other comprehensive income,
net of tax of $ 402								1,512															1,512
Total comprehensive income																							923,968
Stock options exercised		6,200				54,808								(6,200	)		51,150						105,958
Stock-based compensation						47,096																	47,096
Dividends paid on common stock
$0.25 per share											(593,340	)											(593,340	)
Balance as of March 31, 2019		2,402,523	$	1,009,958	$	18,505,702	$	(2,583	)	$	19,474,211			627,351		$	(7,591,793	)	$	(421,453	)	$	30,974,042

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

5 

Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp.

Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended March 31, 2019

							Accumulated
					Capital in		Other												Unearned			Total
	Outstanding		Common		Excess of		Comprehensive			Retained			Treasury Stock						ESOP			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Par Value		Income (Loss)			Earnings			Shares			Amount			Shares			Equity
Balance as of June 30, 2018		2,387,124	$	1,009,958	$	18,201,691	$	(6,349	)	$	22,416,400			642,750		$	(7,718,835	)	$	(421,453	)	$	33,481,412
Comprehensive income:
Net income											1,201,886												1,201,886
Other comprehensive income,
net of tax of $ 1,001								3,766															3,766
Total comprehensive income																							1,205,652
Stock options exercised		15,399				179,039								(15,399	)		127,042						306,081
Stock-based compensation						124,972																	124,972
Dividends paid on common stock
$1.75 per share											(4,144,075	)											(4,144,075	)
Balance as of March 31, 2019		2,402,523	$	1,009,958	$	18,505,702	$	(2,583	)	$	19,474,211			627,351		$	(7,591,793	)	$	(421,453	)	$	30,974,042

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

6 

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$	206,975		$	1,201,886
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by (used in) operating activities:
Bad debt expense		—			69,010
Stock-based compensation		141,450			124,972
Depreciation		429,543			397,965
ESOP compensation expense		239,061			297,670
Loss on disposal of assets		3,757			—
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense		(22,533	)		137,035
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Decrease (increase) in trade receivable, net		5,888,644			(3,642,605	)
(Increase) decrease in income taxes receivable		(79,469	)		35,956
Increase in inventories, net		(3,871,109	)		(3,539,511	)
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets		(264,460	)		924,361
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable		(624,350	)		115,902
Increase (decrease) in accrued salaries and wages		62,523			(236,821	)
(Decrease) increase in vacation accrual		(1,064	)		75,501
Decrease in ESOP payable		(10,625	)		(51,041	)
Increase in other accrued expenses		81,851			39,234
(Decrease) increase in payroll and other taxes withheld		(1,323	)		8,219
Increase (decrease) in contract liabilities		2,785,721			(81,989	)
Decrease in income taxes payable		(30,481	)		—
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		4,934,111			(4,124,256	)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Additions to property, plant and equipment		(210,527	)		(538,550	)
Purchase of investment securities		(7,981,580	)		(3,891,435	)
Proceeds from sale/maturity of investment securities		7,943,837			9,581,630
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(248,270	)		5,151,645
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Dividends on common stock		(1,791,094	)		(4,144,075	)
Purchase of treasury stock		(47,949	)		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		81,000			306,081
Net cash used in financing activities		(1,758,043	)		(3,837,994	)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		2,927,798			(2,810,605	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		1,462,761			4,298,796
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	4,390,559		$	1,488,191
Supplemental Schedule of Cash Flow Information:
Income taxes paid	$	171,720		$	80,000

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

7 

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management the accompanying unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results for such periods. The results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, inventories, income taxes, and stock-based compensation. Specific to inventories, including work-in-process and contracts in process, management evaluates, quarterly, those estimates used in determining the cost to complete for each contract on Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp. (the Company's) sales backlog. The change in estimates may affect the reported amount of inventories and gross profit in the current or a future period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's most recent audited financial statements included in its report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2019. Certain reclassifications may have been made to the prior year financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

Note 2. Investment Securities

ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

§ Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

§ Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

§ Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short term investment securities, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximated fair value as of March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019 because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments.

Investment securities at March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019 consist of certificates of deposit and municipal bonds which are classified as available-for-sale securities and have been determined to be level 1 assets. The cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value of available-for-sale securities by major security type at March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019 are as follows:

			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
March 31, 2020
Certificates of deposit	$	5,156,847	$	—	$	—		$	5,156,847
Municipal bonds		563,792		3,021		(446	)		566,367
Total investment securities	$	5,720,639	$	3,021	$	(446	)	$	5,723,214
June 30, 2019
Certificates of deposit	$	5,046,627	$	—	$	—		$	5,046,627
Municipal bonds		636,269		1,576		(232	)		637,613
Total investment securities	$	5,682,896	$	1,576	$	(232	)	$	5,684,240

8 

The portfolio is diversified and highly liquid and primarily consists of investment grade fixed income instruments. At March 31, 2020, the Company did not have any investments in individual securities that have been in a continuous loss position considered to be other than temporary.

As of March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, the remaining contractual maturities of available-for-sale securities were as follows:

	Years to Maturity
	Less than		One to
	One Year		Five Years		Total
March 31, 2020
Available-for-sale	$	5,650,469	$	72,745	$	5,723,214
June 30, 2019
Available-for-sale	$	5,549,460	$	134,780	$	5,684,240

Note 3. Net Income per Share

Basic net income per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the income of the Company. The computation of weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution, excluded options to purchase 283,437 and 196,039 shares of our common stock for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, as the effect of including them would be anti-dilutive. As unearned ESOP shares are released or committed-to-be-released the shares become outstanding for earnings-per-share computations.

Note 4. Stock Based Compensation

The Company follows ASC 718 in establishing standards for the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, as well as transactions in which an entity incurs liabilities in exchange for goods or services that are based on the fair value of the entity’s equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of those equity instruments. ASC 718 requires that the cost resulting from all share-based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements based on the fair value of the share-based payment. ASC 718 establishes fair value as the measurement objective in accounting for share-based payment transactions with employees, except for equity instruments held by employee share ownership plans.

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $49,003 and $47,096, respectively, before income taxes. The related total deferred tax benefits were $2,727 and $2,547 for the same periods. Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the nine-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, was $141,450 and $124,972, respectively, before income taxes. The related total deferred tax benefits were $7,788 and $6,826 for the same periods.

As of March 31, 2020, there was $195,512 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option awards that is expected to be recognized as expense over the next 1.75 years. The total deferred tax benefit related to these awards is expected to be $11,331.

The Company has one employee stock option plan under which options or stock awards may be granted, the 2017 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the "2017 Plan"). The Board of Directors may grant options to acquire shares of common stock to employees and non-employee directors of the Company at the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. The maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock subject to options or awards to non-employee directors is 133,000 and the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock subject to options or awards granted to non-employee directors during any single fiscal year is the lesser of 13,300 and 33 1/3% of the total number of shares subject to options or awards granted in such fiscal year. The maximum number of shares subject to options or awards granted to any individual employee may not exceed 15,000 in a fiscal year. Generally, options granted have a two-year vesting period based on two years of continuous service and have a ten-year contractual life. Option grants provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control. Shares issued upon the exercise of options are from those held in Treasury. Options covering 400,000 shares are authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan, of which 164,329 have been granted as of March 31, 2020. While no further grants of options may be made under the Company’s 2007 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan, as of March 31, 2020, 136,600 options were outstanding under such plan of which all are vested and exercisable.

9 

ASC 718 requires the use of a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. The Company has elected to use the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which incorporates various assumptions including those for dividend yield, volatility, expected life and interest rates.

The table below outlines the weighted average assumptions that the Company used to calculate the fair value of each option award for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Dividend yield		4.88%		3.68%
Company’s expected volatility		27.81%		27.63%
Risk-free interest rate		1.67%		2.70%
Expected term		5.3 yrs		5.2 yrs
Weighted average fair value per share
of options granted during the period	$	3.03	$	5.13

The Company declares regular dividends quarterly and declared and paid a regular cash dividends of $0.75 per share for the nine months ended March 31, 2020. The Company declared regular cash dividends of $0.75 per share and a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share for the nine months ended March 31, 2019. Expected stock price volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury issues with an equivalent term approximating the expected life of the options. The expected option term (in years) represents the estimated period of time until exercise and is based on actual historical experience.

The following table summarizes stock option activity during the nine months ended March 31, 2020:

	Employee Stock Options Plan
						Weighted
	Number of			Weighted		Average
	Shares			Average		Remaining		Aggregate
	Subject			Exercise		Contractual		Intrinsic
	To Options			Price		Term		Value
Balance at July 1, 2019		259,164		$	25.16		6.37
Granted		54,025			20.50		9.69
Exercised		(3,600	)		22.50		—
Forfeited or expired		(26,152	)		25.38		—
Outstanding at March 31, 2020		283,437		$	24.28		6.40	$	0
Vested or expected to vest at March 31, 2020		266,689		$	24.32		6.23	$	0
Exercisable at March 31, 2020		177,820		$	24.57		4.75	$	0

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock as reported on the NYSE American on March 31, 2020 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders if all option holders had exercised their options on March 31, 2020. This amount changes based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. The total intrinsic values of the options exercised during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were $263 and $64,420, respectively.

The following table summarizes changes in non-vested stock options during the nine months ended March 31, 2020:

	Weighted Number			Average
	of Shares			Grant Date
	Subject			Fair Value
	to Option			(per Option)
Non-vested at July 1, 2019		104,214		$	4.077
Granted		54,025		$	3.030
Vested		(43,420	)	$	2.794
Forfeited or expired		(9,202	)	$	4.194
Non-vested at March 31, 2020		105,617		$	4.059

10 

Note 5. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company from time to time, enters into standby letters of credit agreements with financial institutions primarily relating to the guarantee of future performance on certain contracts. Contingent liabilities on outstanding standby letters of credit agreements aggregated to zero at March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019. The Company, as a U.S. Government contractor, is subject to audits, reviews, and investigations by the U.S. Government related to its negotiation and performance of government contracts and its accounting for such contracts. Failure to comply with applicable U.S. Government standards by a contractor may result in suspension from eligibility for award of any new government contract and a guilty plea or conviction may result in debarment from eligibility for awards. The government may, in certain cases, also terminate existing contracts, recover damages, and impose other sanctions and penalties. As a result of contract audits the Company will determine a range of possible outcomes and in accordance with ASC 450 “Contingencies” the Company will accrue amounts within a range that appears to be its best estimate of a possible outcome. Adjustments are made to accruals, if any, periodically based on current information.

We are party to various litigation matters and claims arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business. While the results of such matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 6. Revenue

Effective July 1, 2018, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, which requires entities to assess the products or services promised in contracts with customers at contract inception to determine the appropriate unit at which to record revenues.  Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services. We adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method, which means, using the allowed practical expedient, we applied the new standard to open contracts at June 30, 2018.  We reviewed remaining obligations as of the effective date and determined no adjustment was required to the opening balance of retained earnings.  Under the modified retrospective method, prior period revenue is not restated for comparative periods.  As a result of the adoption, we reclassified customer advance payments from inventory to contract liabilities.  Contract liabilities were $2,791,775 and $6,054 as of March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively.  The increase in contract liabilities is primarily due to cash collected from progress payments related to specific contracts. The Company used the practical expedient to expense incremental costs incurred to obtain a contract when the contract term is less than one year.

Significant judgment is required in determining the satisfaction of performance obligations.  Revenues from our performance obligations are satisfied over time using the output method which considers the appraisal of results achieved and milestones reached or units delivered based on contractual shipment terms, typically shipping point.  Revenue is recognized when the customer takes control of the product or services.  The output method best depicts the transfer of control to the customer as the output method represents work completed. Control is typically transferred to the customer at shipping point as the company has a present right to payment, the customer has legal title to the asset, the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset, and in most instances the customer has accepted the asset.

Total revenue recognized for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 based on units delivered totaled $4,985,926 and $15,806,805, respectively, compared to $7,527,723 and $20,400,908 for the same periods in fiscal year 2019.  Total revenue recognized for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 based on milestones achieved totaled $1,205,374 and $3,594,988, respectively, compared to $1,690,418 and $4,457,741 for the same periods in fiscal year 2019.

The Company offers a standard one-year product warranty. Product warranties offered by the company are classified as assurance-type warranties, which means, the warranty only guarantees that the good or service functions as promised. Based on this, the provided warranty is not considered to be a distinct performance obligation.  The impact of variable consideration has been considered but none identified which would be required to be allocated to the transaction price as of March 31, 2020.  Our payment terms are generally 30-60 days. 

The Company’s backlog at March 31, 2020 totaling $59.8 million is expected, based on expected due dates, to be recognized in the following fiscal years: 24% in 2020; 46% in 2021; 21% in 2022, and 9% thereafter.   

11 

Note 7. Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”. Under current accounting guidance, the income tax effects for changes in income tax rates and certain other transactions are recognized in income from continuing operations resulting in income tax effects recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income that do not reflect the current tax rate of the entity (“stranded tax effects”). The new guidance allows the Company the option to reclassify these stranded tax effects to retained earnings that relate to the change in the federal tax rate resulting from the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods therein, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued guidance (ASU 2019-12) intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The amendments in this guidance are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020 (the Company’s fiscal 2021), with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on the Company’s disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.”  This ASU is part of the FASB’s larger disclosure framework project intended to improve the effectiveness of financial statement footnote disclosure.  ASU 2018-13 modifies required fair value disclosures related primarily to level 3 investments.  This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those annual periods.  The adoption of ASU 2018-13 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

Note 8. Employee Stock Ownership Plan

The Company sponsors a leveraged employee stock ownership plan (the "ESOP") that covers all nonunion employees who work 1,000 or more hours per year and are employed on June 30. The Company makes annual contributions to the ESOP equal to the ESOP's debt service less dividends on unallocated shares received by the ESOP. All dividends on unallocated shares received by the ESOP are used to pay debt service. Dividends on allocated ESOP shares are recorded as a reduction of retained earnings. As the debt is repaid, shares are released and allocated to active employees, based on the proportion of debt service paid in the year. The Company accounts for its ESOP in accordance with FASB ASC 718-40. Accordingly, the shares purchased by the ESOP are reported as Unearned ESOP shares in the balance sheets and the statements of changes in stockholders’ equity. As shares are released or committed-to-be-released, the Company reports compensation expense equal to the current average market price of the shares, and the shares become outstanding for earnings-per-share (EPS) computations. ESOP compensation expense was $73,241 and $93,861 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. ESOP compensation expense was $239,061 and $297,670 for the nine-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The ESOP shares as of March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Allocated shares		452,763		441,753
Committed-to-be-released shares		10,625		11,250
Unreleased shares		3,541		17,916
Total shares held by the ESOP		466,929		470,919
Fair value of unreleased shares	$	65,544	$	443,421

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The Company may at times be required to repurchase shares at the ESOP participants’ request at the fair market value. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 the Company repurchased 0 and 2,180 shares previously held by the ESOP for $0 and $47,949, respectively. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019 the Company did not repurchase any shares held by the ESOP.

The ESOP allows for eligible participants to take whole share distributions from the Plan on specific dates in accordance with the provision of the Plan.  Share distributions from the ESOP during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 totaled 2,180 and 17,279, respectively.

13 

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp. (“Espey”) is a power electronics design and original equipment manufacturing (OEM) company with a long history of developing and delivering highly reliable products for use in military and severe environment applications. Design, manufacturing, and testing is performed in our 150,000+ square foot facility located at 233 Ballston Ave, Saratoga Springs, New York. Espey is classified as a “smaller reporting company” for purposes of the reporting requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Espey’s common stock is publicly-traded on the NYSE American under the symbol “ESP.”

Espey began operations after incorporation in New York in 1928. We strive to remain competitive as a leader in high power energy conversion and transformer solutions through the design and manufacture of new and improved products by using advanced and “cutting edge” electronics technologies.

Espey is ISO 9001:2015 and AS9100:2016 certified. Our primary products are power supplies, power converters, filters, power transformers, magnetic components, power distribution equipment, UPS systems, antennas and high power radar systems. The applications of these products include AC and DC locomotives, shipboard power, shipboard radar, airborne power, ground-based radar, and ground mobile power.

Espey services include design and development to specification, build to print, design services, design studies, environmental testing services, metal fabrication, painting services, and development of automatic testing equipment. Espey is vertically integrated, meaning that the Company produces individual components (including inductors), populates printed circuit boards, fabricates metalwork, paints, wires, qualifies, and fully tests items, mechanically, electrically and environmentally, in house. Portions of the manufacturing and testing process are subcontracted to vendors from time to time.

The Company markets its products primarily through its own direct sales organization and through outside sales representatives. Business is solicited from large industrial manufacturers and defense companies, the government of the United States, foreign governments and major foreign electronic equipment companies. Espey is also on the eligible list of contractors with the United States Department of Defense. We pursue opportunities for prime contracts directly with the Department of Defense and are generally automatically solicited by Department of Defense procurement agencies for their needs falling within the major classes of products produced by the Company. Espey contracts with the Federal Government under cage code 20950 as Espey Mfg. & Electronics Corp.

There is competition in all classes of products manufactured by the Company, ranging from divisions of the largest electronic companies, to many small companies. The Company's sales do not represent a significant share of the industry's market for any class of its products. The principal methods of competition for electronic products of both a military and industrial nature include, among other factors, price, product performance, the experience of the particular company and history of its dealings in such products.

Our business is not seasonal. However, the concentration of our business in the rail industry, and in equipment for military applications and industrial applications, and our customer concentrations expose us to on-going associated risks. These risks include, without limitation, fluctuating requirements for power supplies in the rail industry, dependence on appropriations from the United States Government and the governments of foreign nations, program allocations, the potential of governmental termination of orders for convenience, and the general strength of the industry sectors in which our customers transact business.

In order to compete effectively for new business, in some cases we have invested in upfront design costs, thereby reducing initial profitability as a means of procuring new long-term programs. As part of our strategy, we adjust our pricing in order to achieve a balance which enables us both to retain repeat programs while being more competitive in bidding on new programs.

In order to maintain a balanced business, we are continuing to place an emphasis on securing “build to print” opportunities, which will allow production work to go directly to the manufacturing floor, limiting the impact on our engineering staff. This effort will keep our manufacturing team busy while engineering development designs transition to production.

14 

The total backlog at March 31, 2020 was approximately $59.8 million, which included $32.7 million from four significant customers, compared to $45.4 million at March 31, 2019, which included $20.9 million from three significant customers. The Company’s total backlog represents the estimated remaining sales value of work to be performed under firm contracts. The funded portion of this backlog at March 31, 2020 is approximately $58.6 million. This includes items that have been authorized and appropriated by Congress and/or funded by the customer. The unfunded backlog at March 31, 2020 is approximately $1.2 million and represents a firm multi-year order for which funding has not yet been appropriated by Congress or funded by our customer. While there is no guarantee that future budgets and appropriations will provide funding for individual programs, management has included in unfunded backlog only those programs that it believes are likely to receive funding based on discussions with customers and program status. The unfunded backlog at March 31, 2019 was $3.5 million, comprised of firm multi-year orders on two separate programs, of which $2.7 million relates to the same multi-year order unfunded in the current fiscal period.

Successful conversion of engineering program backlog into sales is largely dependent on the execution and completion of our engineering design efforts.   It is not uncommon to experience technical or scheduling delays which arise from time to time as a result of, among other reasons, design complexity, the availability of personnel with the requisite expertise, and the requirements to obtain customer approval at various milestones.  Cost overruns which may arise from technical and schedule delays could negatively impact the timing of the conversion of backlog into sales, or the profitability of such sales.  We continue to experience technical and schedule delays with our major development programs. The issues causing the delays are being resolved as they arise. Engineering programs in both the funded and unfunded portions of the current backlog aggregate $4.7 million. 

The global outbreak of the novel strain of coronavirus COVID-19 disease was declared a pandemic by The World Health Organization (WHO) during March 2020. This resulted in country and state-wide mandated closures of non-essential businesses, some of which are still in effect. In certain instances, where mandates have been lifted, businesses have re-opened with limited or reduced capacity. We have remained open and fully operational, as we were authorized by the Department of Homeland Security as an essential business and member of the Defense Industrial Base Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce. The Defense Industrial Base includes workers who support the essential products and services required to meet national security commitments to the Federal Government and the U.S. Military. Companies aligned with the essential critical infrastructure workforce are expected to maintain their normal work schedules and expected to follow guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as well as state and local government officials regarding strategies to limit disease spread. Global supply chain disruptions from closures had a minor impact on our ability to ship product during the third quarter, however, because the effects of the pandemic continue, world-wide, we believe it is likely we will experience some trickle-down effects to our direct supply base which may impact our ability to ship certain scheduled deliveries during the fourth quarter and potentially could impact scheduled deliveries through the first half of fiscal 2021. Presently, we expect these disruptions to be minimal in nature and could result in our suppliers extending lead times for materials or, in some rare instances, require us to procure materials from an alternate supplier in order to meet contractual dates which could impact our anticipated materials costs. To date, we anticipate a slowdown in customer procurements and government contract awards which are expected to be temporary and minimal in nature. We continue to work with our customers and suppliers to best mitigate issues as they become known.

Management anticipates revenue and gross profit for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 to be lower when compared to the same period in 2019. The lowered revenue expectation is primarily driven by delays in several engineering design contract deliverables where on-going design changes and challenges to meet customer statement of work requirements continued to persist during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. These changes and challenges are typically identified during various phases of testing. The time and resources required to resolve these issues can vary, making the accuracy of revenue projections difficult. In addition, prior to the pandemic, we were made aware of certain supplier lead times which will impact our ability to ship certain planned commitments in the fourth quarter. As factors such as engineering delays, competition and product costs impact gross profit margins, management will continue to evaluate our sales strategy, employment levels, and facility costs.

New orders received in the first nine months of fiscal year 2020 were $33.6 million as compared to approximately $22.2 million of new orders received in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. It is presently anticipated that a minimum of $14.6 million of orders comprising the March 31, 2020 backlog will be filled during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020. The minimum of $14.6 million does not include any shipments, which may be made against orders subsequently received during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2020. The estimate of the March 31, 2020 backlog to be shipped in fiscal year 2020 is subject to future events, which may cause the amount of the backlog actually shipped to differ from such estimate.

15 

In addition to the backlog, the Company currently has outstanding opportunities representing approximately $91 million in the aggregate as of May 1, 2020 for both repeat and new programs. The outstanding quotations encompass various new and previously manufactured power supplies, transformers, and subassemblies. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will acquire any of the anticipated orders described above, many of which are subject to allocations of the United States defense spending and factors affecting the defense industry.

A significant portion of the Company’s business is the production of military and industrial electronic equipment for use by the U.S. and foreign governments and certain industrial customers. Net sales to one significant customer represented 33% of the Company’s total sales for the three-month period ended March 31, 2020. Net sales to two significant customers represented 49.4% of the Company’s total sales for the three-month period ended March 31, 2019. Net sales to one significant customer represented 27.7% of the Company’s total sales for the nine-month period ended March 31, 2020. Net sales to two significant customers represented 54.4% of the Company’s total sales for the nine-month period ended March 31, 2019. This high concentration level with these customers presents significant risk. A loss of one of these customers or programs related to these customers could significantly impact the Company. Historically, a small number of customers have accounted for a large percentage of the Company’s total sales in any given fiscal year.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management believes our most critical accounting policies include revenue recognition and cost estimation on our contracts.

Revenue

The majority of our net sales is generated from contracts with industrial manufacturers and defense companies, the Department of Defense, other agencies of the government of the United States and foreign governments for the design, development and/or manufacture of products. We provide our products and design and development services under fixed-price contracts. Under fixed-price contracts we agree to perform the specified work for a pre-determined price. To the extent our actual costs vary from the estimates upon which the price was negotiated, we will generate more or less profit or could incur a loss.

We account for a contract after it has been approved by all parties to the arrangement, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of consideration is probable. We assess each contract at its inception to determine whether it should be combined with other contracts. When making this determination, we consider factors such as whether two or more contracts were negotiated and executed at or near the same time, or were negotiated with an overall profit objective.

We evaluate the products or services promised in each contract at inception to determine whether the contract should be accounted for as having one or more performance obligations. Significant judgment is required in determining performance obligations. We determine the transaction price for each contract based on the consideration we expect to receive for the products or services being provided under the contract. The transaction price for each performance obligation is based on the estimated standalone selling price of the product or service underlying each performance obligation. Transaction prices on our contracts subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) are typically based on estimated costs plus a reasonable profit margin.

We recognize revenue using the output method based on the appraisal of results achieved and milestones reached or units delivered based on contractual shipment terms, typically shipping point.

Inventory

Raw materials are valued at the lower of cost (average cost) or net realizable value. Balances for slow-moving and obsolete inventory are reviewed on a regular basis by analyzing estimated demand, inventory on hand, sales levels, market conditions, and other information and reduce inventory balances based on this analysis.

Inventoried work relating to contracts in process and work in process is valued at actual production cost, including factory overhead incurred to date. Contract costs include material, subcontract costs, labor, and an allocation of overhead costs. Work in process represents spare units and parts and other inventory items acquired or produced to service units previously sold or to meet anticipated future orders. Provision for losses on contracts is made when the existence of such losses becomes probable and estimable.  The provision for losses on contracts is included in other accrued expenses on the Company’s balance sheet.  The costs attributed to units delivered under contracts are based on the estimated average cost of all units expected to be produced.  Certain contracts are expected to extend beyond twelve months.

16 

The estimation of total cost at completion of a contract is subject to numerous variables involving contract costs and estimates as to the length of time to complete the contract.  Given the significance of the estimation processes and judgments described above, it is possible that materially different amounts of expected sales and contract costs could be recorded if different assumptions were used, based on changes in circumstances, in the estimation process.  When a change in expected sales value or estimated cost is determined, the change is reflected in current period earnings.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized.

Results of Operations

Net sales decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to $6,191,300 as compared to $9,218,141 for the same period in 2019. Net sales for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 decreased to $19,401,793 as compared to $24,858,649 for the same period in 2019. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the decrease in net sales is primarily due to a decrease in power supply, build to print, and magnetic sales. For the nine months ended March 31, 2020, the decrease in net sales is primarily due to a decrease in build to print and power supply sales offset, in part, by an increase in magnetic shipments.

Our ability to ship product or to meet contractual milestones continues to be constrained by engineering design changes required to meet customer requirements, certain supplier product non-conformances and an increase in lead times for many parts, including certain electronic components due to industry shortages and volatility within the power electronics industry. We are currently working closely with our customers and suppliers to execute on our past due deliveries and we do not expect this situation to impact future business. We anticipate that many of these issues will be resolved in the fourth quarter and should not significantly impact results in fiscal year 2021.

Gross profits for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were $910,933 and $2,150,439, respectively. Gross profit as a percentage of sales was 14.7% and 23.3%, for the same periods, respectively. For the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, gross profits were $3,527,429 and $4,659,608, respectively. Gross profit as a percentage of sales was 18.2% and 18.7%, for the same periods, respectively. The primary factors in determining the change in gross profit and net income are overall sales levels and product mix. The gross profits on mature products and build to print contracts are typically higher as compared to products which are still in the engineering development stage or in early stages of production. In the case of the latter, the Company can incur what it refers to as “loss contracts,” primarily on engineering design contracts in which the Company invests with the objective of developing future product sales. In any given accounting period the mix of product shipments between higher margin programs and less mature programs, and expenditures associated with loss contracts, has a significant impact on gross profit and net income.

The gross profit percentage decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019, primarily resulting from product mix and margin erosion on two specific build to print contracts resulting from an increase in material costs and first time build and quality control inspection costs. In addition, due to a recurring product failure relating to an engineering design issue, the company incurred a current quarter charge on a power supply contract. This issue has been resolved and is not anticipated to impact future results. These decreases were offset, in part, by an improved gross profit percentage related to a specific engineering design contract when compared to the same period in 2019. This improvement resulted from reduced spending on the program and from additional anticipated funding for required testing. The gross profit percentage decreased slightly in the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 resulting primarily from a decline related to product mix and increased costs on three specific production contracts incurred in the current quarter offset, in part, by an improved gross profit percentage on two specific engineering design contract when compared to the same period in 2019. The improvement on the larger engineering contract resulted from reduced spending on the program and from additional anticipated funding for required testing.

17 

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $1,057,034 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, a decrease of $12,036, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $3,390,988 for the nine months ended March 31, 2020, an increase of $16,687 compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019 relates primarily to the decrease in professional services, travel and entertainment costs, and a reduction in director fees due to a board member retirement effective in December 2019. This decrease was offset, in part, by an increase in employee compensation costs. The increase for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019 relates primarily to an increase in compensation costs offset, in part, by the decrease in bad debt expense, conferences and training and professional service costs.

Other income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $23,518 and $45,254, respectively. Other income for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $109,771 and $174,686, respectively. The decrease for the three and nine months ended is primarily due to the reduction in investment securities offset, in part, by the gradual increase in the current yield percentages earned on the investment securities. Interest income is a function of the level of investments and investment strategies which generally tend to be conservative.   

The Company’s effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020, were 15.4% and 15.9%, respectively, compared to 18.1% and 17.7% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019, respectively. The effective tax rate in fiscal 2020 and 2019 is less than the statutory tax rate mainly due to the benefit derived from the ESOP dividends paid on allocated shares. The decrease in the effective tax rate between fiscal years is primarily due to a decrease in income before taxes.    

The net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020, was $(103,765) or $(0.04) per share, basic and diluted, compared to net income of $922,456 or $0.39 per share, basic and diluted, for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Net income for the nine months ended March 31, 2020, was $206,975 or $0.09 per share, basic and diluted, compared to $1,201,886 or $0.51 and $0.50 per share, basic and diluted, for the nine months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease in net income in the current quarter resulted from lower sales and a decrease in the gross profit percentage offset, in part, by the benefit received from a lower effective tax rate, all discussed above. The decrease in net income in the nine months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 is primarily attributable to lower sales, a lower gross profit margin percentage, an increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses, a decrease in other income offset, in part, by the benefit derived from the decrease in the effective tax rate, all discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company's working capital is an appropriate indicator of the liquidity of its business, and during the past two fiscal years, the Company, when possible, has funded all of its operations with cash flows resulting from operating activities and when necessary from its existing cash and investments. The Company did not borrow any funds during the last two fiscal years. Management has available a $3,000,000 line of credit to help fund further growth or working capital needs, if necessary, but does not anticipate the need for any borrowed funds in the foreseeable future. Contingent liabilities on outstanding standby letters of credit agreements aggregated to zero at March 31, 2020 and 2019. The line of credit is reviewed annually in November for renewal by December 1^st.

The Company's working capital as of March 31, 2020 and 2019 was approximately $27.2 million. The Company may at times be required to repurchase shares at the ESOP participants’ request at the fair market value. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 the Company repurchased 0 and 2,180 shares previously held by the ESOP for $0 and $47,949, respectively. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019 the Company did not repurchase any shares held by the ESOP. Under existing authorizations from the Company's Board of Directors, as of March 31, 2020, management is authorized to purchase an additional $783,460 of Company stock.

The table below presents the summary of cash flow information for the fiscal years indicated:

	Nine months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	4,934,111		$	(4,124,256	)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(248,270	)		5,151,645
Net cash used in financing activities		(1,758,043	)		(3,837,994	)

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Net cash provided by operating activities fluctuates between periods primarily as a result of differences in sales and net income, provision for income taxes, the timing of the collection of accounts receivable, purchase of inventory, and payment of accounts payable. The increase in cash provided by operating activities compared to the prior year primarily relates to the collection of trade receivables and the increase in contract liabilities for the collection of customer advances offset, in part, by a decrease in accounts payable, an increase in prepaids and other current assets, and the decline in net income. Net cash provided by investing activities decreased in the nine months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019 primarily due to the reinvestment of maturing investments when compared to the same period in 2019. In the prior period, cash received from maturing investments was used, in part, for the payment of the special dividend. The decrease in cash used in financing activities in the current period when compared to the prior period is primarily due to the fact that a special dividend totaling $1.00 per share was declared and paid in the prior period.

The Company currently believes that the cash flow generated from operations and when necessary, from cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet its long-term funding requirements for the foreseeable future.

During the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company expended $210,527 and $538,550, respectively, for plant improvements and new equipment. The Company has budgeted approximately $300,000 for new equipment and plant improvements in fiscal year 2020. Management anticipates that the funds required will be available from current operations.

Management believes that the Company's reserve for bad debts of $3,000 is adequate given the customers with whom the Company does business. Historically, bad debt expense has been minimal.

19 

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSES OF THE "SAFE HARBOR" PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE

SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995

This report contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The terms "believe," "anticipate," "intend," "goal," "expect," and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements represent the Company's current expectations or beliefs concerning future events. The matters covered by these statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements, including the Company's dependence on timely development, introduction and customer acceptance of new products, the impact of competition and price erosion, supply and manufacturing constraints, potential new orders from customers, the impact from the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the impact of cyber or other security threats or other disruptions to our business, and other risks and uncertainties. The foregoing list should not be construed as exhaustive, and the Company disclaims any obligation subsequently to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events. The Company wishes to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company is a smaller reporting company as defined under Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 12b-2. Pursuant to the exemption available to smaller reporting company issuers under Item 305 of Regulation S-K, quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, the Company is not required to provide the information for this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a) The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

(b) There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

20 

PART II: Other Information and Signatures

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are party to various litigation matters and claims arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business.  While the results of such matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.  

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a) Securities Sold - None

(c) Securities Repurchased

Purchases of Equity Securities
			Total Number	Maximum Number
			of Shares	(or Approximate
			Purchased	Dollar Value)
			as Part of	of Shares
	Total	Average	Publicly	that May Yet
	Number	Price	Announced	Be Purchased
	of Shares	Paid	Plan or	Under the Plan
Period	Purchased	per Share	Program	or Program (1)
January 1 – January 31, 2020	--	--	--	$783,460
February 1 – February 29, 2020	--	--	--	$783,460
March 1 – March 31, 2020	--	--	--	$783,460

(1) Pursuant to a prior Board of Directors authorization, as of March 31, 2020 the Company can repurchase up to $783,460 of its common stock pursuant to an ongoing plan.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

None

Item 6. Exhibits

31.1 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2 Certification of the Principal Financial Officer and Executive Vice President pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2 Certification of the Principal Financial Officer and Executive Vice President pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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S I G N A T U R E S

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

ESPEY MFG. & ELECTRONICS CORP.

/s/ Patrick Enright Jr.

Patrick Enright Jr.

President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/David O’Neil

David O’Neil

Principal Financial Officer and Executive Vice President

Date: May 14, 2020

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