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Other Financial Data
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Other Financial Data [Abstract]  
Other Financial Data OTHER FINANCIAL DATA
Items reported in earnings from continuing operations during the years ended September 30 included the following:
2021 2022 2023 
Research and development expense$347 385 523 
Rent expense$199 187 210 

The components of depreciation and amortization expense reported for the years ended September 30 included the following:

2021 2022 2023 
Depreciation expense$330 312 287 
Amortization of intangibles (includes $57, $108 and $196 reported in Cost of Sales in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively) (a)
334 444 678 
Amortization of capitalized software 98 86 86 
Total $762 842 1,051 

(a) Amortization of intangibles includes $397 and $148 related to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition for 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $14 that is reported as a restructuring related cost in 2022. Backlog amortization of $30 related to the OSI acquisition is included in 2021.

Items reported in other noncurrent assets included the following:
2022 2023 
Pension assets$868 995 
Operating lease right-of-use assets$439 550 
Unbilled receivables (contract assets)$428 559 
Deferred income taxes$85 100 
Asbestos-related insurance receivables$68 53 

Items reported in accrued expenses included the following:
2022 2023 
Customer advances (contract liabilities)$751 861 
Employee compensation$523 618 
Operating lease liabilities (current)$128 144 
Product warranty$84 84 

Other liabilities are summarized as follows:
2022 2023 
Deferred income taxes$1,714 1,959 
Pension and postretirement liabilities427 435 
Operating lease liabilities (noncurrent)312 404 
Asbestos litigation205 173 
Other495 535 
    Total$3,153 3,506