Business Segments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segments

Note 14—Business Segments

Globe Life is organized into four segments: life insurance, supplemental health insurance, annuities, and investments. In addition, other expenses not included in these segments are reported in "Corporate & Other."

Globe Life's reportable insurance segments are based on the insurance product lines it markets and administers: life insurance, supplemental health insurance, and annuities. These major product lines are set out as reportable segments because of the common characteristics of products within these categories, comparability of margins, and the similarity in regulatory environment and management techniques. There is also an investment segment which manages the investment portfolio, debt, and cash flow for the insurance segments and the corporate function. The Company's chief operating decision makers evaluate the overall performance of the operations of the Company in accordance with these segments.

Life insurance products marketed by Globe Life include traditional whole life and term life insurance. An immaterial amount of annuities sold as companion products are included in the life segment. Health insurance products are generally guaranteed renewable and include Medicare Supplement, critical illness, accident, and limited-benefit supplemental hospital and surgical coverage. Annuities include fixed-benefit contracts.

Globe Life markets its insurance products through a number of distribution channels, each of which sells the products of one or more of Globe Life's insurance segments. Our distribution channels consist of the following exclusive agencies: American Income Life Division (American Income), Liberty National Division (Liberty National) and Family Heritage Division (Family Heritage); an independent agency, United American Division (United American); and our Direct to Consumer Division (Direct to Consumer). The following tables present segment premium revenue by each of Globe Life's distribution channels.

Premium Income by Distribution Channel

	For the Year 2022
	Life			Health			Annuity			Total
Distribution Channel	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
American Income	$	1,505,425	50	$	117,308	9	$	—	—	$	1,622,733	38
Direct to Consumer	981,517		32	71,095		6	—		—	1,052,612		24
Liberty National	326,642		11	185,761		14	—		—	512,403		12
United American	7,913		—	538,428		42	1		100	546,342		13
Family Heritage	5,587		—	366,820		29	—		—	372,407		9
Other	196,212		7	—		—	—		—	196,212		4
	$	3,023,296	100	$	1,279,412	100	$	1	100	$	4,302,709	100

	For the Year 2021
	Life			Health			Annuity			Total
Distribution Channel	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
American Income	$	1,402,878	48	$	114,950	9	$	—	—	$	1,517,828	37
Direct to Consumer	971,461		34	73,946		6	—		—	1,045,407		25
Liberty National	311,081		11	187,327		16	—		—	498,408		12
United American	8,822		—	481,614		40	1		100	490,437		12
Family Heritage	4,957		—	343,839		29	—		—	348,796		9
Other	199,011		7	—		—	—		—	199,011		5
	$	2,898,210	100	$	1,201,676	100	$	1	100	$	4,099,887	100

	For the Year 2020
	Life			Health			Annuity			Total
Distribution Channel	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
American Income	$	1,257,726	47	$	105,734	9	$	—	—	$	1,363,460	36
Direct to Consumer	906,959		34	76,527		7	—		—	983,486		26
Liberty National	293,897		11	188,835		16	—		—	482,732		13
United American	9,688		—	452,980		40	4		100	462,672		12
Family Heritage	4,253		—	317,021		28	—		—	321,274		8
Other	200,281		8	—		—	—		—	200,281		5
	$	2,672,804	100	$	1,141,097	100	$	4	100	$	3,813,905	100

Due to the nature of the life insurance industry, Globe Life has no individual or group which would be considered a major customer. Substantially all of Globe Life's business is conducted in the United States.

The measure of profitability established by the chief operating decision makers for insurance segments is underwriting margin before other income and administrative expenses, in accordance with the manner the segments are managed. This measure represents gross profit margin on insurance products before insurance administrative expenses and consists primarily of premium less net policy benefits, acquisition expenses, and commissions. Required interest on net policy liabilities (benefit reserves less deferred acquisition costs) is reflected as a component of the Investment segment (rather than as a component of underwriting margin in the insurance and annuity segments) in order to match this cost with the investment income earned on the assets supporting the net policy liabilities.

The measure of profitability for the Investment segment is excess investment income, which represents the income earned on the investment portfolio in excess of net policy requirements and financing costs associated with Globe Life's debt. Other than the above-mentioned interest allocations and an intersegment commission, there are no other intersegment revenues or expenses. Expenses directly attributable to corporate operations are included in the “Corporate & Other” category. Stock-based compensation expense is considered a corporate expense by Globe Life management and is included in this category. All other unallocated revenues and expenses on a pretax basis, including insurance administrative expense, are also included in the “Corporate & Other” segment category.

Globe Life holds a sizable investment portfolio to support its insurance liabilities, the yield from which is used to offset policy benefit, acquisition, administrative and tax expenses. This yield or investment income is taken into account when establishing premium rates and profitability expectations of its insurance products. From time to time, investments are sold, called, or experience a credit loss event, each of which are reflected by the Company as realized gain (loss)—investments. These gains or losses generally occur as a result of disposition due to issuer calls, compliance with Company investment policies, or other reasons often beyond management’s control. Unlike investment income, realized gains and losses are incidental to insurance operations, and only overall yields are considered when setting premium rates or insurance product profitability expectations. While these gains and losses are not relevant to segment profitability or core operating results, they can have a material positive or negative result on net income. For these reasons, management removes realized investment gains and losses when it views its segment operations.

Management removes items that are related to prior periods when evaluating the operating results of current periods. Management also removes non-operating items unrelated to its core insurance activities when evaluating those results. Therefore, these items are excluded in its presentation of segment results because accounting guidance requires that operating segment results be presented as management views its business. With the exception of the administrative settlements noted in the paragraphs above, all of these items are included in “Other operating expense” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the appropriate year. See additional detail below in the tables.

The following tables set forth a reconciliation of Globe Life's revenues and operations by segment to its major income statement line items. See Note—1 Significant Accounting Policies for additional information concerning reconciling items of segment profits to pretax income.

	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Adjustments			Consolidated
Revenue:
Premium	$	3,023,296	$	1,279,412	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	4,302,709
Net investment income	—		—		—		987,499		—		—			987,499
Other income	—		—		—		—		1,246		—			1,246
Total revenue	3,023,296		1,279,412		1		987,499		1,246		—			5,291,454
Expenses:
Policy obligations	2,045,730		791,809		27,846		71		—		—			2,865,456
Required interest on reserves	(771,914)		(109,789)		(38,090)		919,793		—		—			—
Required interest on DAC	229,957		30,695		191		(260,843)		—		—			—
Amortization of acquisition costs	494,431		128,170		1,806		—		—		—			624,407
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs	256,546		117,815		22		—		—		—			374,383
Insurance administrative expense(1)	—		—		—		—		299,341		8,175		(2,3)	307,516
Parent expense	—		—		—		—		11,156		(368)		(3)	10,788
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		—		35,650		—			35,650
Interest expense	—		—		—		90,395		—		—			90,395
Total expenses	2,254,750		958,700		(8,225)		749,416		346,147		7,807			4,308,595
Subtotal	768,546		320,712		8,226		238,083		(344,901)		(7,807)			982,859
Non-operating items	—		—		—		—		—		7,807		(2,3)	7,807
Measure of segment profitability (pretax)	$	768,546	$	320,712	$	8,226	$	238,083	$	(344,901)	$	—		990,666
Realized gain (loss)—investments														(76,548)
Legal proceedings														(2,496)
Non-operating expenses														(5,311)
Income before income taxes per Consolidated Statements of Operations														$	906,311

(1)Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments.

(2)Legal proceedings.

(3) Non-operating expenses.

	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Adjustments			Consolidated
Revenue:
Premium	$	2,898,210	$	1,201,676	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	4,099,887
Net investment income	—		—		—		952,447		—		—			952,447
Other income	—		—		—		—		1,216		—			1,216
Total revenue	2,898,210		1,201,676		1		952,447		1,216		—			5,053,550
Expenses:
Policy obligations	2,070,485		758,745		29,061		—		—		1,325		(2)	2,859,616
Required interest on reserves	(735,282)		(102,574)		(39,966)		877,822		—		—			—
Required interest on DAC	218,575		28,556		258		(247,389)		—		—			—
Amortization of acquisition costs	486,724		115,194		1,920		—		—		—			603,838
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs	234,033		97,453		24		—		—		—			331,510
Insurance administrative expense(1)	—		—		—		—		271,631		10,398		(3,4)	282,029
Parent expense	—		—		—		—		9,553		175		(4)	9,728
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		—		30,272		—			30,272
Interest expense	—		—		—		83,486		—		—			83,486
Total expenses	2,274,535		897,374		(8,703)		713,919		311,456		11,898			4,200,479
Subtotal	623,675		304,302		8,704		238,528		(310,240)		(11,898)			853,071
Non-operating items	—		—		—		—		—		11,898		(2,3,4)	11,898
Measure of segment profitability (pretax)	$	623,675	$	304,302	$	8,704	$	238,528	$	(310,240)	$	—		864,969
Realized gain (loss)—investments														68,633
Realized loss—redemption of debt														(9,314)
Administrative settlements														(1,325)
Legal proceedings														(8,139)
Non-operating expenses														(2,434)
Income before income taxes per Consolidated Statements of Operations														$	912,390

(1)Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments.

(2)Administrative settlements.

(3)Legal proceedings.

(4)Non-operating expenses.

	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Adjustments			Consolidated
Revenue:
Premium	$	2,672,804	$	1,141,097	$	4	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	3,813,905
Net investment income	—		—		—		927,062		—		—			927,062
Other income	—		—		—		—		1,325		—			1,325
Total revenue	2,672,804		1,141,097		4		927,062		1,325		—			4,742,292
Expenses:
Policy obligations	1,809,373		733,481		30,030		—		—		—			2,572,884
Required interest on reserves	(698,112)		(93,475)		(41,413)		833,000		—		—			—
Required interest on DAC	210,152		26,586		328		(237,066)		—		—			—
Amortization of acquisition costs	463,586		110,177		2,007		—		—		—			575,770
Commissions, premium taxes, and non-deferred acquisition costs	212,859		91,959		23		—		—		—			304,841
Insurance administrative expense(1)	—		—		—		—		250,947		3,985		(2,3)	254,932
Parent expense	—		—		—		—		9,891		323		(3)	10,214
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		—		—		35,892		—			35,892
Interest expense	—		—		—		86,704		—		—			86,704
Total expenses	1,997,858		868,728		(9,025)		682,638		296,730		4,308			3,841,237
Subtotal	674,946		272,369		9,029		244,424		(295,405)		(4,308)			901,055
Non-operating items	—		—		—		—		—		4,308		(2,3)	4,308
Measure of segment profitability (pretax)	$	674,946	$	272,369	$	9,029	$	244,424	$	(295,405)	$	—		905,363
Realized gain (loss)—investments														(3,737)
Realized loss—redemption of debt														(634)
Legal Proceedings														(3,275)
Non-operating expenses														(1,033)
Income before income taxes per Consolidated Statements of Operations														$	896,684

(1)Administrative expense is not allocated to insurance segments.

(2)Legal proceedings.

(3)Non-operating expenses.

Assets for each segment are reported based on a specific identification basis. The insurance segments’ assets contain DAC. The investment segment includes the investment portfolio, cash, and accrued investment income. Goodwill is assigned to the insurance segments at the time of purchase. All other assets are included in the Corporate & Other category. The tables below reconcile segment assets to total assets as reported in the consolidated financial statements.

Assets by Segment

	At December 31, 2022
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Consolidated
Cash and invested assets	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	18,300,927	$	—	$	18,300,927
Accrued investment income	—		—		—		259,581		—		259,581
Deferred acquisition costs	4,517,577		722,366		9,964		—		—		5,249,907
Goodwill	309,609		172,182				—		—		481,791
Other assets	—		—		—		—		1,244,953		1,244,953
Total assets	$	4,827,186	$	894,548	$	9,964	$	18,560,508	$	1,244,953	$	25,537,159

	At December 31, 2021
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Consolidated
Cash and invested assets	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	22,850,154	$	—	$	22,850,154
Accrued investment income	—		—		—		251,307		—		251,307
Deferred acquisition costs	4,236,401		675,871		2,456		—		—		4,914,728
Goodwill	309,609		172,182				—		—		481,791
Other assets	—		—		—		—		1,270,068		1,270,068
Total assets	$	4,546,010	$	848,053	$	2,456	$	23,101,461	$	1,270,068	$	29,768,048

Liabilities for each segment are reported also on a specific identification basis similar to the assets. The insurance segments' liabilities contain future policy benefits, unearned and advance premiums, and policy claims and other benefits payable. Other policyholders' funds are included in Other as well as current and deferred income taxes payable. Debt represents both short and long-term. The tables below reconcile segment liabilities to total liabilities as reported in the consolidated financial statements.

Liabilities by Segment

	At December 31, 2022
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Consolidated
Future policy benefits	$	13,320,773	$	2,447,605	$	953,468	$	—	$	—	$	16,721,846
Unearned and advance premiums	18,830		41,912		—		—		—		60,742
Policy claims and other benefits payable	251,506		178,521		—		—		—		430,027
Debt	—		—		—		2,077,055		—		2,077,055
Other	—		—		—		23,000		1,328,628		1,351,628
Total liabilities	$	13,591,109	$	2,668,038	$	953,468	$	2,100,055	$	1,328,628	$	20,641,298

	At December 31, 2021
	Life		Health		Annuity		Investment		Corporate & Other		Consolidated
Future policy benefits	$	12,686,851	$	2,315,507	$	1,032,369	$	—	$	—	$	16,034,727
Unearned and advance premiums	19,874		45,598		—		—		—		65,472
Policy claims and other benefits payable	245,108		167,832		—		—		—		412,940
Debt	—		—		—		2,026,138		—		2,026,138
Other	—		—		—		—		2,585,965		2,585,965
Total liabilities	$	12,951,833	$	2,528,937	$	1,032,369	$	2,026,138	$	2,585,965	$	21,125,242