-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, MxeMzP9OBQKzjYHO+UYM/xN2g0/BEbTftZdlGYs9Sah0N451CAX7ol1sIGkEI4Yt HrGRnLyGuvOpnRZl0D84qw== 0000320193-99-000002.txt : 19990209 0000320193-99-000002.hdr.sgml : 19990209 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000320193-99-000002 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 3 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 19981226 FILED AS OF DATE: 19990208 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: APPLE COMPUTER INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000320193 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS [3571] IRS NUMBER: 942404110 STATE OF INCORPORATION: CA FISCAL YEAR END: 0930 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-10030 FILM NUMBER: 99524101 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1 INFINITE LOOP CITY: CUPERTINO STATE: CA ZIP: 95014 BUSINESS PHONE: 4089961010 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE INFINITE LOOP CITY: CUPERTINO STATE: CA ZIP: 95014 10-Q 1 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 ___________ Form 10-Q ___________ (Mark One) _X_ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended December 26, 1998 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _______ to ________. Commission file number 0-10030 ___________ APPLE COMPUTER, INC. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) ___________ CALIFORNIA 942404110 (State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) of incorporation or organization) 1 Infinite Loop 95014 Cupertino, California (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (408) 996-1010 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, no par value Common Share Purchase Rights (Titles of classes) ___________ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No ____ 136,417,113 shares of Common Stock Issued and Outstanding as of February 1, 1999 PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. Financial Statements APPLE COMPUTER, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited) (in millions, except share and per share amounts)
December 26, 1998 December 26, 1997 Net sales $1,710 $1,578 Cost of sales 1,228 1,225 Gross margin 482 353 Operating expenses: Research and development 76 79 Selling, general, and administrative 279 234 Total operating expenses 355 313 Operating income 127 40 Gain from sale of investment 32 -- Interest and other income (expense), net 10 7 Total interest and other income (expense), net 42 7 Income before provision for income taxes 169 47 Provision for income taxes 17 -- Net income $ 152 $ 47 Earnings per common share: Basic $1.12 $ 0.37 Diluted $0.95 $ 0.33 Shares used in computing earnings per share (in thousands): Basic 135,270 127,989 Diluted 172,062 139,839
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. 2 APPLE COMPUTER, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (in millions, except share amounts)
ASSETS December 26, 1998 September 25,1998 Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $1,221 $1,481 Short-term investments 1,357 819 Accounts receivable, less allowances of $81 and $81, respectively 913 955 Inventories 25 78 Deferred tax assets 166 182 Other current assets 185 183 Total current assets 3,867 3,698 Property, plant, and equipment, net 344 348 Other assets 381 243 Total assets $4,592 $4,289
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 655 $ 719 Accrued expenses 829 801 Total current liabilities 1,484 1,520 Long-term debt 954 954 Deferred tax liabilities 231 173 Total liabilities 2,669 2,647 Commitments and contingencies Shareholders' equity: Series A non-voting convertible preferred stock, no par value; 150,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding 150 150 Common stock, no par value; 320,000,000 shares authorized; 135,348,625 and 135,192,769 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 637 633 Retained earnings 1,050 898 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 86 (39) Total shareholders' equity 1,923 1,642 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $4,592 $4,289
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. 3 APPLE COMPUTER, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (in millions)
THREE MONTHS ENDED December 26, 1998 December 26, 1997 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period $1,481 $1,230 Operating: Net income 152 47 Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash generated by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 23 28 Provision for deferred income taxes 10 3 Loss on sale of property, plant, and equipment (1) -- Gain on sale of ARM shares (32) -- Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable 42 133 Inventories 53 33 Other current assets (2) 27 Other assets 14 5 Accounts payable (64) (30) Accrued restructuring costs -- (32) Other current liabilities 28 (82) Cash generated by operating activities 223 132 Investing: Purchase of short-term investments (1,135) (399) Proceeds from sales and maturities of short- term investments 597 194 Net proceeds from property, plant, and equipment retirements -- 42 Purchase of property, plant, and equipment (5) (7) Proceeds from sale of ARM shares 37 -- Other 20 -- Cash used for investing activities (486) (170) Financing: Decrease in notes payable to banks -- (1) Increase in long-term borrowings -- 1 Increases in common stock 3 1 Cash generated by financing activities 3 1 Total cash used (260) (37) Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period $1,221 $1,193 Supplemental cash flow disclosures: Cash paid for interest $ 20 $ 20 Cash paid (received) for income taxes, net $ (7) $ (18)
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. 4 APPLE COMPUTER, INC. Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) Note 1 - Basis of Presentation Interim information is unaudited; however, in the opinion of the Company's management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of interim results have been included. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature unless specified in a separate note included in these Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited). The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire year. These condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company's annual consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the fiscal year ended September 25, 1998, included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 25, 1998 (the 1998 Form 10-K). During the first quarter of 1999, the Company amended its By-laws to provide that beginning with the first fiscal quarter of 1999 each of the Company's fiscal quarters would end on Saturday rather than Friday. Accordingly, one day was added to the first quarter of 1999 so that the quarter ended on Saturday, December 26, 1998. This change did not have a material effect on the Company's results of operations for the quarter and had no effect on the amount of revenue recognized during the quarter. Note 2 - Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares had been issued. The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. The dilutive effect of convertible securities is reflected using the if-converted method. 5 The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except net income and per share amounts):
December 26, 1998 December 26, 1997 Numerator: Numerator for basic earnings per share - Net income (in millions) $ 152 $ 47 Interest expense on convertible debt 11 -- Numerator for diluted earnings per share - -- Adjusted net income (in millions) $ 163 $ 47 Denominator: Denominator for basic earnings per share - weighted average shares outstanding 135,270 127,989 Effect of dilutive securities: Convertible preferred stock 9,091 9,091 Dilutive options 5,059 2,759 Convertible debt 22,642 -- Dilutive potential common shares 36,792 11,850 Denominator for diluted earnings per share - adjusted weighted-average shares and assumed conversions 172,062 139,839 Basic earnings per share $ 1.12 $ 0.37 Diluted earnings per share $ 0.95 $ 0.33
Options to purchase approximately 85,000 shares of common stock were outstanding as of December 26, 1998, that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended December 26, 1998, because the options' exercise price was greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock during the period and, therefore, the effect would be antidilutive. The Company has outstanding $661 million of unsecured convertible subordinated notes (the Notes) which are convertible by their holders into approximately 22.6 million shares of common stock at a conversion price of $29.205 per share subject to the adjustments as defined in the Note agreement. The common shares represented by these Notes upon conversion were included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended December 26, 1998, as the effect of using the if-converted method was dilutive for that period. The common shares represented by these Notes were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended December 26, 1997, because the effect of using the if-converted method for those periods would be anti-dilutive. For additional disclosures regarding the outstanding preferred stock, employee stock options and the Notes, see the 1998 Form 10-K. 6 Note 3 - Consolidated Financial Statement Details (in millions)
Inventories 12/26/98 9/25/98 Purchased parts $ 10 $ 32 Work in process 3 5 Finished goods 12 41 Total inventories $ 25 $ 78
Property, Plant, and Equipment 12/26/98 9/25/98 Land and buildings $ 340 $ 338 Machinery and equipment 277 277 Office furniture and equipment 79 80 Leasehold improvements 129 129 Accumulated depreciation and amortization (481) (476) Net property, plant, and equipment $ 344 $ 348
Accrued Expenses 12/26/98 9/25/98 Accrued compensation and employee benefits $ 80 $ 99 Accrued marketing and distribution 254 205 Accrued warranty and related costs 124 132 Other current liabilities 371 365 Total accrued expenses $ 829 $ 801
Three Months Ended Interest and Other Income (Expense) 12/26/98 12/26/97 Interest income $ 32 $ 22 Interest expense (16) (16) Other income (expense), net (6) 1 Interest and other income (expense), net $ 10 $ 7
7 Note 4 - Equity Investment Gains As of September 25, 1998, the Company owned 25.9% of the outstanding stock of ARM Holdings plc (ARM), a publicly held company in the United Kingdom involved in the design of high performance microprocessors and related technology. Through September 25, 1998, the Company accounted for this investment using the equity method. On October 14, 1998, the Company sold 2.9 million shares of ARM stock for net proceeds of approximately $37 million, a gain of approximately $32 million recorded as other income, and related income tax expense of approximately $3 million. As a result of this sale, the Company's ownership interest in ARM fell to 19%. Consequently, beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 1999, the Company no longer accounts for its remaining investment in ARM using the equity method and has categorized its remaining shares as available for sale requiring the shares be carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of shareholders' equity. During the first quarter of 1999, the Company increased the carrying value of its remaining shares in ARM by $180 million to adjust their total carrying value at December 26, 1998, to their market value of approximately $197 million. The carrying value of the ARM shares is included in other assets. The total unrealized gain net of taxes recognized in other comprehensive income during the first quarter of 1999 was approximately $113 million. Note 5 - Comprehensive Income The Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income", beginning with the Company's first quarter of 1999. SFAS No. 130 separates comprehensive income into two components, net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income refers to revenue, expenses, gains and losses that under generally accepted accounting principles are recorded as an element of shareholders' equity but are excluded from net income. While SFAS No. 130 establishes new rules for the reporting and display of comprehensive income, it has no impact on the Company's net income or total shareholders' equity. The Company's other comprehensive income is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency and from unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities categorized as available for sale. See Note 4 regarding unrealized gains on available for sale securities. The components of comprehensive income, net of tax, are as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended 12/26/98 12/26/97 Net income $ 152 $ 47 Other comprehensive income: Change in accumulated translation adjustment 12 (4) Unrealized gain on investments, net 113 -- Total comprehensive income $ 277 $ 43
8 Note 6 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information", and in June 1998 issued SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." A discussion of these accounting standards is included in the notes to consolidated financial statements included in the 1998 Form 10-K under the subheading "Recent Accounting Pronouncements." In March 1998, the AICPA issued Statement of Position (SOP) 98-1, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use," which provides guidance on accounting for the costs of computer software intended for internal use. SOP 98-1 must be adopted by the Company effective as of fiscal 2000 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial position. During the fist quarter of 1999, the Company adopted AICPA SOP 97-2, "Software Revenue Recognition." SOP 97-2 established standards relating to the recognition of software revenue. SOP 97-2 was effective for transactions entered into by the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 1999. The adoption of this accounting standard did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations. Note 7 - Contingencies The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims which are discussed in detail in the 1998 Form 10-K. The Company is also subject to certain other legal proceedings and claims which have arisen in the ordinary course of business and which have not been fully adjudicated. The results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty; however, in the opinion of management, the Company does not have a potential liability related to any legal proceedings and claims that would have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. The Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") has proposed federal income tax deficiencies for the years 1984 through 1991, and the Company has made certain prepayments thereon. The Company contested the proposed deficiencies by filing petitions with the United States Tax Court, and most of the issues in dispute have now been resolved. On June 30, 1997, the IRS proposed income tax adjustments for the years 1992 through 1994. Although a substantial number of issues for these years have been resolved, certain issues still remain in dispute and are being contested by the Company. Management believes that adequate provision has been made for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. Note 8 - Reclassifications Certain amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended December 26, 1997, have been reclassified to conform to the 1999 presentation. 9 Note 9 - Subsequent Events On February 1, 1999, the Company took further actions to improve the flexibility and efficiency of its manufacturing operations by moving final assembly of certain of its products to original equipment manufacturers. These restructuring actions will result in the Company recognizing a charge to operations of approximately $9 million during the second quarter of 1999. On February 2, 1999, the Company sold 2 million shares of ARM stock for net proceeds of approximately $59 million and a gain before taxes of approximately $55 million which will be recognized as other income by the Company in the second quarter of 1999. Subsequent to this sale, the Company holds approximately 7.3 million shares of ARM stock which represent approximately 14.9% of the currently outstanding shares. 10 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations This section and other parts of this Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the subsection entitled "Factors That May Affect Future Results and Financial Condition" below. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the 1998 Form 10-K and the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. All information is based on the Company's fiscal calendar.
Results of Operations Tabular information (dollars in millions, except per share amounts): First First First Fourth Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1999 1998 Change 1999 1998 Change Net sales $1,710 $1,578 8% $1,710 $1.556 10% Macintosh CPU unit sales (in thousands) 944 635 49% 944 834 13% Gross margin $ 482 $ 353 37% $ 482 $ 417 16% Percentage of net sales 28.2% 22.4% 28.2% 26.8% Research and development $ 76 $ 79 (4%) $ 76 $ 73 4% Percentage of net sales 4% 5% 4% 5% Selling, general and administrative $ 279 $ 234 19% $ 279 $ 235 19% Percentage of net sales 16% 15% 16% 15% Gain from sale of investment $ 32 $ -- NM $ 32 $ -- NM Interest and other income (expense), net $ 10 $ 7 43% $ 10 $ 5 100% Provision for income taxes $ 17 $ -- NM $ 17 $ 8 112% Effective tax rate 10% --% 10% 7% Net income $ 152 $ 47 223% $ 152 $ 106 43% Basic earnings per share $ 1.12 $ 0.37 203% $ 1.12 $ 0.79 42% Diluted earnings per share $ 0.95 $ 0.33 188% $ 0.95 $ 0.68 40%
NM: Not Meaningful Net income for the first quarter of 1999 includes a $32 million gain before tax associated with the sale by the Company of 2.9 million shares of its investment in ARM which were recognized as other income. Income tax expense recognized in the first quarter on this gain was approximately $3 million. 11 Net Sales Net sales for the first quarter of 1999 were $1.71 billion, an 8% increase over the same quarter in 1998. The increase in net sales is primarily attributable to a year-over-year 49% increase in Macintosh CPU unit volume. Volumes were favorably affected by sales of iMac, the Company's moderately priced Macintosh system designed for education and consumer markets introduced during the fourth quarter of 1998, which represented 55% or 519,000 of the total Macintosh CPU units sales during the first quarter of During the first quarter of 1999, the Company also experienced year-over-year unit volume growth in both its Power Macintosh G3 and Powerbook G3 product lines of 23% and 39%, respectively. Further contributing to the year- over-year increase in net sales was approximately $33 million of incremental net sales in the first quarter of 1999 related to the introduction MacOS 8.5, the most recent version of the Company's Macintosh operating system. The positive effect of these factors on first quarter 1999 net sales was partially offset by two principal factors. First, average revenue per Macintosh system, a function of total net sales related to hardware shipments and total Macintosh CPU unit sales, fell 26% to $1,776 during the first quarter of 1999 as compared to the same quarter in 1998. The decline in the average revenue per Macintosh system was the result of lower priced iMac systems comprising a significant portion of first quarter 1999 net sales, the decline in net sales from the phase out of certain peripheral products, and the overall industry trend towards lower priced products. Second, net sales of imaging and display products decreased by $93 million to $116 million in the first quarter of 1999 compared with the same quarter in 1998 reflecting the Company's continuing phase-out of most imaging and many display products. Net sales increased sequentially $154 million or 10% during the first quarter of 1999 as compared to the fourth quarter of 1998. The sequential revenue increase is attributable to a 13% rise in Macintosh unit shipments and incremental net sales from MacOS 8.5 upgrades. The rise in unit sales during the first quarter is attributable to a 21% increase in iMac unit sales compared to the fourth quarter of 1998 and a similar 15% increase in unit shipments of Power Macintosh G3 professional Macintosh systems partially offset by a 17% sequential decline in unit shipments of G3 Powerbooks resulting from the introduction of several new Powerbook models during the fourth quarter of 1998. International sales for the first quarter of 1999 represented 47% of consolidated net sales versus 50% in the first quarter of 1998 and 37% during the fourth quarter of 1998. In total, international net sales during the first quarter of 1999 were relatively unchanged from the same quarter in 1998, but rose $229 million or 40% sequentially from the fourth quarter of 1998. This sequential increase in international net sales was caused by the introduction of the iMac during the current quarter in Europe and Asia and by strong sales internationally of the Company's Power Macintosh G3 and Powerbook G3 product lines. On a year-over-year basis, total Macintosh unit sales during the first quarter of 1999 increased 55% in Europe, 26% in Japan, and 33% in the rest of Asia. Domestic net sales increased 14% or $114 million during the first quarter of 1999 as compared to 1998 while declining sequentially from the fourth quarter of 1998 $75 million or 8%. 12 Consistent with the historical seasonal pattern, the Company anticipates a sequential decline in net sales during the second quarter of 1999 but expects the second quarter to show year-over-year growth in both net sales and unit shipments. The foregoing statements are forward looking. The Company's actual results could differ because of several factors, including those set forth below in the subsection entitled "Factors That May Affect Future Results and Financial Condition". Gross Margin Gross margin for the first quarter of 1999 was 28.2% as compared to 22.4% for the same quarter in 1998 and 26.8% for the fourth quarter of 1998. The year- over-year increase in gross margin is attributable to various operational changes made by the Company throughout fiscal 1998 that improved operational efficiency and reduced product costs. These changes included simplification of the Company's product line, focus on the use of industry standard parts, expanded use of supplier inventory hubs, outsourcing of various aspects of product manufacturing, and streamlining of product distribution channels and policies. Margins have also been favorably impacted during the last year by the declining cost of various components of the Company's products, particularly those sourced from Asia. The sequential increase in gross margin from the fourth quarter of 1998 to the first quarter of 1999 is primarily attributable to high margin incremental net sales of MacOS 8.5 during the current quarter. Such sales accounted for a sequential improvement in first quarter 1999 gross margin of approximately 1.5 percentage points. The Company expects gross margins to decline sequentially during the second quarter of 1999 due to lower net sales of MacOS upgrades and pricing pressure on consumer products. The foregoing statements are forward looking. The Company's actual results could differ because of several factors, including those set forth in the following paragraph and below in the subsection entitled "Factors That May Affect Future Results and Financial Condition." There can be no assurance that current or targeted consolidated gross margin levels will be achieved or that current margins on existing individual products will be maintained. In general, gross margins and margins on individual products will remain under significant downward pressure due to a variety of factors, including continued industry wide global pricing pressures, increased competition, compressed product life cycles, potential increases in the cost of raw material and outside manufacturing services, and potential changes to the Company's product mix, including higher unit sales of consumer products with lower average selling prices and lower gross margins. In response to these downward pressures, the Company expects that it will continue to take pricing actions with respect to its products. Gross margins could also be affected by the Company's ability to effectively manage quality problems and warranty costs and to stimulate demand for certain of its products. The Company's operating strategy and pricing take into account anticipated changes in foreign currency exchange rates over time; however, the Company's results of operations can be significantly affected in the short term by fluctuations in exchange rates. 13 Operating Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $45 million or 19% during the first quarter of 1999 as compared to both the same quarter of 1998 and sequentially over the fourth quarter of 1998. These increases are reflective of increased advertising and promotional spending during the 1998 holiday season associated with the worldwide introduction of iMac and MacOS 8.5. Expenditures for research and development remained relatively consistent in terms of absolute dollars between the first quarter of 1999, the same quarter in 1998, and the fourth quarter of 1998. The Company expects operating expenses to decline sequentially during the second quarter of 1999 by approximately $40 to $45 million due to seasonally lower marketing expenditures. This expected decline in operating expenses does not include the effect of the restructuring charge described in the following paragraph. The foregoing statements are forward looking. The Company's actual results could differ because of several factors, including those set forth in the following paragraph and below in the subsection entitled "Factors That May Affect Future Results and Financial Condition." On February 1, 1999, the Company took further actions to improve the flexibility and efficiency of its manufacturing operations by moving final assembly of certain of its products to original equipment manufacturers. These restructuring actions will result in the Company recognizing a charge to operations of approximately $9 million during the second quarter of 1999. Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net Interest and other income (expense), net, is comprised of interest income on the Company's cash and investment balances, interest expense on the Company's debt, gains and losses recognized on investments accounted for using the equity method, realized gains and losses on the sale of securities, certain foreign exchange gains and losses, and other miscellaneous income and expense items. As of September 25, 1998, the Company owned 25.9% of the outstanding stock of ARM Holdings plc ("ARM"), a publicly held company in the United Kingdom involved in the design of high performance microprocessors and related technology. Through September 25, 1998, the Company accounted for this investment using the equity method. On October 14, 1998, the Company sold 2.9 million shares of ARM stock for net proceeds of approximately $37 million, a gain of approximately $32 million recorded as other income, and related income tax expense of approximately $3 million. As a result of this sale, the Company's ownership interest in ARM fell to 19%. Consequently, beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 1999, the Company no longer accounts for its remaining investment in ARM using the equity method and has categorized its remaining shares as available for sale requiring the shares be carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of shareholders' equity. During the first quarter of 1999, the 14 Company increased the carrying value of its remaining shares in ARM by $180 million to adjust their total carrying value at December 26, 1998, to their market value of approximately $197 million. The carrying value of the ARM shares is included in other assets. The total unrealized gain net of taxes related to ARM shares recognized in other comprehensive income during the first quarter of 1999 was approximately $113 million. On February 2, 1999, the Company sold 2 million shares of ARM stock for net proceeds of approximately $59 million and a gain before taxes of approximately $55 million which will be recognized as other income by the Company in the second quarter of 1999. Subsequent to this sale, the Company holds approximately 7.3 million shares which represent approximately 14.9% of the currently outstanding stock of ARM. Provision for Income Taxes As of December 26, 1998, the Company had deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences, tax losses, and tax credits of $663 million before being offset against certain deferred tax liabilities for presentation on the Company's balance sheet. A substantial portion of this asset is realizable based on the ability to offset existing deferred tax liabilities. As of December 26, 1998, a valuation allowance of $180 million was recorded against the deferred tax asset for the benefits of tax losses which may not be realized. Realization of approximately $73 million of the asset representing tax loss and credit carryforwards is dependent on the Company's ability to generate approximately $209 million of future U.S. taxable income. Management believes that it is more likely than not that forecasted U.S. income, including income that may be generated as a result of certain tax planning strategies, will be sufficient to utilize the tax carryforwards prior to their expiration in 2011 and 2012 to fully recover this asset. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will meet its expectations of future U.S. taxable income. As a result, the amount of the deferred tax assets considered realizable could be reduced in the near and long term if estimates of future taxable U.S. income are reduced. Such an occurrence could materially adversely affect the Company's consolidated financial results. The Company will continue to evaluate the realizability of the deferred tax assets quarterly by assessing the need for and amount of the valuation allowance. The Company's effective tax rate for the first quarter of 1999 was only 10% due primarily to the reversal of a portion of the previously established valuation allowance and certain undistributed foreign earnings for which no U.S. taxes were provided. 16 Liquidity and Capital Resources The following table presents selected financial information and statistics for each of fiscal quarters ending on the dates indicated (dollars in millions):
12/26/98 9/25/98 12/26/97 Cash, cash equivalents, and short- term investments $2,578 $2,300 $1,627 Accounts receivable, net $913 $955 $902 Inventory $ 25 $ 78 $404 Working capital $2,383 $2,178 $1,704 Days sales in accounts receivable (a) 49 56 52 Days of supply in inventory (b) 2 6 30 Days payables outstanding (c) 51 60 50 Operating cash flow $223 $282 $132
(a) Based on ending net trade receivables and most recent quarterly net sales for each period (b) Based on ending inventory and most recent quarterly cost of sales for each period (c) Based on ending accounts payable and most recent quarterly cost of sales adjusted for the change in inventory As of December 26, 1998, the Company had approximately $2.58 billion in cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments, an increase of $278 million over the same balances at the end of fiscal 1998. During the first quarter of 1999, the most significant sources of cash were $152 million of net income, declines in net accounts receivable of $42 million and inventory of $53 million, and proceeds on the sales of ARM shares of $37 million. These factors were partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable of $64 million. The Company's cash and cash equivalent balances as of December 26, 1998, and September 25, 1998, include $4 million and $56 million, respectively, pledged as collateral to support letters of credit. The Company's debt ratings are currently non-investment grade. As of March 27, 1998, the Company's senior and subordinated long-term debt ratings were B- and CCC, respectively, by Standard and Poor's (S&P) Rating Agency, and B3 and Caa2, respectively, by Moody's Investor Services (Moody's). In June 1998, Moody's upgraded the Company's senior debt to B2 from B3 and subordinated debt to Caa1 from Caa2 citing strengthened debtholder protection measurements as the major reason for the upgrade. On November 9, 1998, S&P upgraded the Company's senior debt to B+ from B- and upgraded its subordinated debt to B- from CCC citing the Company's improved profitability and financial profile for the upgrade. Despite these recent upgrades, the Company's continued non-investment grade debt ratings will maintain pressure on the Company's cost of funds in future periods and may require the Company to pledge additional collateral or agree to more stringent debt covenants. 16 The Company believes that its balances of cash, cash equivalents, and short- term investments will be sufficient to meet its cash requirements over the next twelve months. However, given the Company's current debt ratings, if the Company should need to obtain short-term borrowings, there can no assurance that such borrowings could be obtained at favorable rates. The inability to obtain such borrowings at favorable rates could materially adversely affect the Company's results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Year 2000 Compliance The information presented below related to Year 2000 (Y2K) compliance contains forward looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results may differ significantly from those discussed below and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q regarding Year 2000 compliance. The Company's Information Systems and Technology department (IS&T) began addressing the Y2K issue in 1996 as part of its Next Generation strategy, which addressed the need for ongoing enhancement and replacement of the Company's various disparate legacy information technology (IT) Systems. In 1998, the Company established a Year 2000 Executive Steering Committee (Steering Committee) composed of senior executives of the Company and the Company's Year 2000 Project Management Office (PMO). The PMO reports to the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, the Steering Committee, and the Audit and Finance Committee of the Board of Directors. The PMO developed and manages the Company's worldwide Y2K strategic plan (Y2K Plan) to address the potential impact of Y2K on the Company's operations and business processes. In particular, the Y2K Plan addresses four principal areas that may be impacted by the Y2K issue: Apple Branded Products; Third Party Relationships; Non-IT Business Systems; and IT Systems. With respect to the IT Systems and Non-IT Business Systems, the Y2K Plan consists of four separate but overlapping phases: Phase I - Inventory and Risk Assessments; Phase II - Remediation Cost Estimation; Phase III - Remediation; and Phase IV - Remediation Testing. In addition, the Company has an ongoing Y2K Awareness Program designed to keep employees informed about Y2K issues. The Company's goal is to substantially complete Phase III - Remediation during the third quarter of 1999; complete Phase IV - Remediation Testing during the fourth quarter of 1999, and to continue compliance efforts throughout the remainder of calendar year 1999. There have been no significant changes made to this schedule during the first quarter of 1999, and the Company remains on schedule to meet these goals. The Company designs and manufacturers microprocessor-based personal computers, related peripherals, operating system software and application software, including Macintosh personal computers and the Mac OS which are marketed under the "Apple" brand (collectively "Apple Branded Products"). 17 The Company tested certain Apple Branded Products to determine Y2K compliance, although such testing did not include third party products bundled with Apple Branded Products and certain Apple Branded Products no longer supported by the Company. For purposes of this discussion, Y2K compliant means a product will not produce errors processing date data in connection with the year change from December 31, 1999, to January 1, 2000, when used with accurate date data in accordance with the its documentation, provided all other products (including other software, firmware and hardware) used with it properly exchange date data with it. A Y2K compliant product will recognize the Year 2000 as a leap year. Information regarding the Y2K readiness of all Apple Branded Products is available on the Apple corporate web site at www.apple.com. Such information is not to be considered part of this quarterly report. The Company believes that the unsupported Apple Branded Products are Y2K compliant because, unlike other companies personal computers and related products, the Company's products do not rely upon the two digit date format but used a long word approach which allows the correct representation of dates up to the year 2040. The current date and time utilities utilized by Apple Branded Products are 64 bit signed value which covers dates from 30081 BC to 29940 AD. Since the Company does not control the design of non-Apple Branded Products or third party products bundled with Apple Branded Products, it cannot assure they are Y2K compliant. Certain products acquired from NeXT Software, Inc., including OpenStep and NextStep, are not currently Y2K compliant. The Company intends to develop and make available during the third quarter of 1999 a software patch intended to allow such products to become Y2K compliant. The Company's business operations are heavily dependent on third party corporate service vendors, materials suppliers, outsourced operations partners, distributors and others. The Company is working with key external parties to identify and attempt to mitigate the potential risks to it of Y2K. The failure of external parties to resolve their own Y2K issues in a timely manner could result in a material financial risk to the Company. As part of its overall Y2K program, the Company is actively communicating with third parties through face to face meetings and correspondence, on an ongoing basis, to ascertain their state of readiness. Although numerous third parties have indicated to the Company in writing that they are addressing their Y2K issues on a timely basis, the readiness of third parties overall varies widely. Because the Company's Y2K compliance is dependent on the timely Y2K compliance of third parties, there can be no assurances that the Company's efforts alone will resolve all Y2K issues. The costs of the Y2K program are primarily costs associated with the utilization of existing internal resources and incremental external spending. The Company previously estimated it had incurred approximately $4.1 million of incremental external spending directly associated with Y2K issues through the end of fiscal 1998 and that it would incur future incremental external spending associated with Y2K issues of approximately $5.1 million to address those risks identified as high and medium. There have been no material changes to the Company's costs estimates during the first quarter of 1999. 18 However, as the Company's Y2K Plan continues, the actual future incremental spending may prove to be higher. Also, this estimate does not include the costs that could be incurred by the Company if one or more of its significant third party service providers fails to achieve Y2K compliance. The Company is not separately identifying and including in these estimates the Y2K costs incurred that are the result of utilization of the Company's existing internal resources. Based on current information, the Company believes the Y2K issue will not have a material adverse effect on the Company, its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, there can be no assurance that the Y2K remediation by the Company or third parties will be properly and timely completed, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on the Company, its business, results of operations, and its financial condition. In particular, the Company has not yet completed its assessment of the Y2K readiness of its significant third party service providers. Completion of this assessment may result in the identification of additional issues which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations. In addition, important factors that could cause results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, the ability of the Company to successfully identify systems which have a Y2K issue, the nature and amount of remediation effort required to fix the affected system, and the costs and availability of labor and resources to successfully address the Y2K issues. Further details regarding the Company's Y2K compliance efforts may be found in the 1998 Form 10-K in Item 7 under the heading "Year 2000 Compliance." Factors That May Affect Future Results and Financial Condition The Company operates in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of uncertainties, some of which are beyond the Company's control. In addition to the uncertainties described elsewhere in this report, there are many factors that will affect the Company's future results and business which may cause the actual results to differ from those currently expected. The Company's future operating results and financial condition are dependent upon the Company's ability to successfully develop, manufacture, and market technologically innovative products in order to meet dynamic customer demand patterns. Inherent in this process are a number of factors that the Company must successfully manage in order to achieve favorable future operating results and a favorable financial condition. Potential risks and uncertainties that could affect the Company's future operating results and financial condition include, among other things, continued competitive pressures in the marketplace and the effect of any reaction by the Company to such competitive pressures, including pricing actions by the Company; risks associated with international operations, including economic and labor conditions, the continuing economic problems being experienced in Asia and Latin America, political instability, tax laws, and currency fluctuations; increasing dependence on third-parties for manufacturing and other outsourced functions such as logistics; the 19 availability of key components on terms acceptable to the Company; the continued availability of certain components essential to the Company's business currently obtained by the Company from sole or limited sources, including PowerPC RISC microprocessors developed by and obtained from IBM and Motorola; the Company's ability to supply products in certain categories; the Company's ability to supply products free of latent defects or other faults; the Company's ability to make timely delivery to the marketplace of technological innovations, including its ability to continue to make timely delivery of planned enhancements to the current Mac OS and timely delivery of future versions of the Mac OS; the availability of third-party software for particular applications; the Company's ability to attract, motivate and retain key employees; the effect of Y2K compliance issues; managing the impact of the European Union's transition to the Euro as its common legal currency; the Company's ability to retain the operational and cost benefits derived from its recently completed restructuring program; and the Company's ability to successfully replace its existing transaction systems in the U.S. For a discussion of these and other factors affecting the Company's future results and financial condition, see "Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis -- Factors That May Affect Future Results and Financial Condition" in the Company's 1998 Form 10-K. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk The information presented below regarding Market Risk contains forward looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results may differ significantly from those discussed below and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q regarding market risk. . The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the 1998 Form 10-K and the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. The Company's exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the Company's investments and long-term debt obligations and related derivative financial instruments. The Company places its investments with high credit quality issuers and, by policy, limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The Company's general policy is to limit the risk of principal loss and ensure the safety of invested funds by limiting market and credit risk. All highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase are considered to be cash equivalents; investments with maturities between three and twelve months are considered to be short-term investments. As of December 26, 1998, there are no investments with maturities greater than 12 months. Overall, the Company is a net receiver of currencies other than the U.S. dollar and, as such, benefits from a weaker dollar and is adversely affected by a stronger dollar relative to major currencies worldwide. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates, and in particular a strengthening of the U.S. dollar, may negatively affect the Company's consolidated sales and gross margins as expressed in U.S. dollars. 20 The Company enters into foreign exchange forward and option contracts with financial institutions primarily to protect against currency exchange risks associated with existing assets and liabilities, certain firmly committed transactions, and probable but not firmly committed transactions. The Company's foreign exchange risk management policy requires it to hedge a majority of its existing material foreign exchange transaction exposures. However, the Company may not hedge certain foreign exchange transaction exposures that are immaterial either in terms of their minimal U.S. dollar value or in terms of the related currency's historically high correlation with the U.S. dollar. Foreign exchange forward contracts are carried at fair value in other current liabilities. The premium costs of purchased foreign exchange option contracts are recorded in other current assets and amortized over the life of the option. To ensure the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company's foreign exchange and interest rate hedge positions, as well as to monitor the risks and opportunities of the nonhedge portfolios, the Company continually monitors its foreign exchange forward and option positions, and its interest rate swap, option and floor positions both on a stand-alone basis and in conjunction with its underlying foreign currency and interest rate-related exposures, respectively, from both an accounting and an economic perspective. However, given the effective horizons of the Company's risk management activities and the anticipatory nature of the exposures intended to hedge, there can be no assurance that the aforementioned programs will offset more than a portion of the adverse financial impact resulting from unfavorable movements in either foreign exchange or interest rates. In addition, the timing of the accounting for recognition of gains and losses related to mark-to-market instruments for any given period may not coincide with the timing of gains and losses related to the underlying economic exposures and, therefore, may adversely affect the Company's consolidated operating results and financial position. For a complete description of the Company's interest rate and foreign currency related market risks, see the discussion in Part II, Item 7A of the Company's 1998 Form 10-K. There has not been a material change in the Company's exposure to interest rate and foreign currency risks since September 25, 1998. 21 PART II. OTHER INFORMATION Item 1. Legal Proceedings The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims which are discussed in the 1998 Form 10-K. The Company is also subject to certain other legal proceedings and claims which have arisen in the ordinary course of business and which have not been fully adjudicated. The results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty; however, in the opinion of management, the Company does not have a potential liability related to any legal proceedings and claims that would have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K (a) Exhibits Exhibit Number Description 3.3 By-Laws of the Company, as amended through December 15, 1998. 27 Financial Data Schedule. (b) Reports on Form 8-K The Company filed a current report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 1998 to report under Item 8 (Change in Fiscal Year), an amendment to the Company's By-laws to provide that each fiscal quarter shall end at midnight Saturday of the 13th week of such quarter, rather than midnight Friday. 22 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. APPLE COMPUTER, INC. (Registrant) By: /s/ Fred D. Anderson Fred D. Anderson Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer February 8, 1999 23 INDEX TO EXHIBITS Exhibit Index Number Description Page 3.3 By-Laws of the Company, as amended through December 15, 1998. 25 27 Financial Data Schedule. 49 24 EX-3 2 EXHIBIT 3.3 BY-LAWS OF APPLE COMPUTER, INC. (a California corporation) (as amended through December 15, 1998) Article I OFFICES Section 1.1: Principal Office. The principal executive office for the transaction of the business of this corporation shall be 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California 95014. The Board of Directors is hereby granted full power and authority to change the location of the principal executive office from one location to another. Section 1.2: Other Offices. One or more branch or other subordinate offices may at any time be fixed and located by the Board of Directors at such place or places within or without the State of California as it deems appropriate. Article II DIRECTORS Section 2.1: Exercise of Corporate Powers. Except as otherwise provided by these By-Laws, by the Articles of Incorporation of this corporation or by the laws of the State of California now or hereafter in force, the business and affairs of this corporation shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. Section 2.2: Number. The number of directors of the corporation shall be not less than five (5) nor more than nine (9). The exact number of directors shall be six (6) until changed within the limits specified above, by a by-law amending this section, duly adopted by the Board of Directors or by the shareholders. The indefinite number of directors may be changed, or a definite number fixed without provision for an indefinite number, by a duly adopted amendment to the Articles of Incorporation or by an amendment to this by-law duly adopted by the vote or written consent of holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote; provided, however, that an amendment 25 reducing the fixed number or the minimum number of directors to a number less than five (5) cannot be adopted if the votes cast against its adoption at a meeting of the shareholders, or the shares not consenting in the case of action by written consent, are equal to more than 16-2/3% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote. No amendment may change the stated maximum number of authorized directors to a number greater than two times the stated minimum number of directors minus one. Section 2.3: Need Not Be Shareholders. The directors of this corporation need not be shareholders of this corporation. Section 2.4: Compensation. Directors and members of committees may receive such compensation, if any, for their services as may be fixed or determined by resolution of the Board of Directors. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving this corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Section 2.5: Election and Term of Office. The directors shall be divided into two classes, designated Class I and Class II. Each class shall consist of one-half of the directors or as close an approximation as possible. The initial term of office of the directors of Class I shall expire at the annual meeting to be held during fiscal year 1991 and the initial term of office of the directors of Class II shall expire at the annual meeting to be held during fiscal year 1992. At each annual meeting, commencing with the annual meeting to be held during fiscal year 1991, each of the successors to the directors of the class whose term shall have expired at such annual meeting shall be elected for a term running until the second annual meeting next succeeding his or her election and until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified. Section 2.6: Vacancies. A vacancy or vacancies on the Board of Directors shall exist in case of the death, resignation or removal of any director, or if the authorized number of directors is increased, or if the shareholders fail, at any annual meeting of shareholders at which any director is elected, to elect the full authorized number of directors to be voted for at that meeting. The Board of Directors may declare vacant the office of a director if he or she is declared of unsound mind by an order of court or convicted of a felony or if, within 60 days after notice of his or her election, he or she does not accept the office. Any vacancy, except for a vacancy created by removal of a director as provided in Section 2.7 hereof, may be filled by a person selected by a majority of the remaining directors then in office, whether or not less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Vacancies occurring in the Board of Directors by reason of removal of directors shall be filled only by approval of shareholders. The shareholders may elect a director at any time to fill any vacancy not filled by the directors. Any such election by written consent requires the consent of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote. If, after the filling of any vacancy by the directors, the directors then in office who have been elected by the shareholders shall constitute less than a majority of the directors then in office, any holder or holders of an aggregate of 5% or more of the total number of shares at the time outstanding having the right to vote 26 for such directors may call a special meeting of shareholders to be held to elect the entire Board of Directors. The term of office of any director shall terminate upon such election of a successor. Any director may resign effective upon giving written notice to the Chairman of the Board, if any, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Secretary or the Board of Directors of this corporation, unless the notice specifies a later time for the effectiveness of such resignation. If the resignation is effective at a future time, a successor may be elected to take office when the resignation becomes effective. A reduction of the authorized number of directors shall not remove any director prior to the expiration of such director's term of office. Section 2.7: Removal. The entire Board of Directors or any individual director may be removed without cause from office by an affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote; provided that, unless the entire Board of Directors is removed, no director shall be removed when the votes cast against removal, or not consenting in writing to such removal, would be sufficient to elect such director if voted cumulatively (without regard to whether such shares may be voted cumulatively) at an election at which the same total number of votes were cast, or, if such action is taken by written consent, all shares entitled to vote were voted, and either the number of directors elected at the most recent annual meeting of shareholders, or if greater, the number of directors for whom removal is being sought, were then being elected. If any or all directors are so removed, new directors may be elected at the same meeting or at a subsequent meeting. If at any time a class or series of shares is entitled to elect one or more directors under authority granted by the Articles of Incorporation of this corporation, the provisions of this Section 2.7 shall apply to the vote of that class or series and not to the vote of the outstanding shares as a whole. Section 2.8: Powers and Duties. Without limiting the generality or extent of the general corporate powers to be exercised by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 2.1 of these By-Laws, it is hereby provided that the Board of Directors shall have full power with respect to the following matters: (a) To purchase, lease, and acquire any and all kinds of property, real, personal or mixed, and at its discretion to pay therefor in money, in property and/or in stocks, bonds, debentures or other securities of this corporation. (b) To enter into any and all contracts and agreements which in its judgment may be beneficial to the interests and purposes of this corporation. (c) To fix and determine and to vary from time to time the amount or amounts to be set aside or retained as reserve funds or as working capital of this corporation or for maintenance, repairs, replacements or enlargements of its properties. (d) To declare and pay dividends in cash, shares and/or property out of any funds of this corporation at the time legally available for the declaration and payment of dividends on its shares. 27 (e) To adopt such rules and regulations for the conduct of its meetings and the management of the affairs of this corporation as it may deem proper. (f) To prescribe the manner in which and the person or persons by whom any or all of the checks, drafts, notes, bills of exchange, contracts and other corporate instruments shall be executed. (g) To accept resignations of directors; to declare vacant the office of a director as provided in Section 2.6 hereof; and, in case of vacancy in the office of directors, to fill the same to the extent provided in Section 2.6 hereof. (h) To create offices in addition to those for which provision is made by law or these By-Laws; to elect and remove at pleasure all officers of this corporation, fix their terms of office, prescribe their powers and duties, limit their authority and fix their salaries in any way it may deem advisable which is not contrary to law or these By-Laws; and, if it sees fit, to require from the officers or any of them security for faithful service. (i) To designate some person to perform the duties and exercise the powers of any officer of this corporation during the temporary absence or disability of such officer. (j) To appoint or employ and to remove at pleasure such agents and employees as it may see fit, to prescribe their titles, powers and duties, limit their authority, and fix their salaries in any way it may deem advisable which is not contrary to law or these By-Laws; and, if it sees fit, to require from them or any of them security for faithful performance. (k) To fix a time in the future, which shall not be more than 60 days nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the meeting nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action for which it is fixed, as a record date for the determination of the shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting, or entitled to receive any payment of any dividend or other distribution, or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any other lawful action; and in such case only shareholders of record on the date so fixed shall be entitled to notice of and to vote at the meeting or to receive the dividend, distribution or allotment of rights or to exercise the rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the books of this corporation after any record date fixed as aforesaid. The Board of Directors may close the books of this corporation against transfers of shares during the whole or any part of such period. (l) To fix and locate from time to time the principal office for the transaction of the business of this corporation and one or more branch or other subordinate office or offices of this corporation within or without the State of California; to designate any place within or without the State of California for the holding of any meeting or meetings of the shareholders or 28 the Board of Directors, as provided in Sections 10.1 and 11.1 hereof; to adopt, make and use a corporate seal, and to prescribe the forms of certificates for shares and to alter the form of such seal and of such certificates from time to time as in its judgment it may deem best, provided such seal and such certificates shall at all times comply with the provisions of law now or hereafter in effect. (m) To authorize the issuance of shares of stock of this corporation in accordance with the laws of the State of California and the Articles of Incorporation of this corporation. (n) Subject to the limitation provided in Section 14.2 hereof, to adopt, amend or repeal from time to time and at any time these By-Laws and any and all amendments thereof. (o) To borrow money and incur indebtedness on behalf of this corporation, including the power and authority to borrow money from any of the shareholders, directors or officers of this corporation, and to cause to be executed and delivered therefor in the corporate name promissory notes, bonds, debentures, deeds of trust, mortgages, pledges, hypothecations, or other evidences of debt and securities therefor, and the note or other obligation given for any indebtedness of this corporation, signed officially by any officer or officers thereunto duly authorized by the Board of Directors shall be binding on this corporation. (p) To designate and appoint committees of the Board of Directors as it may see fit, to prescribe their names, powers and duties and limit their authority in any way it may deem advisable which is not contrary to law or these By-Laws. (q) Generally to do and perform every act and thing whatsoever that may pertain to the office of a director or to a board of directors. Article III OFFICERS Section 3.1: Election and Qualifications. The officers of this corporation shall consist of a Chief Executive Officer, a President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Chief Financial Officer and such other officers, including, but not limited to, a Chairman of the Board of Directors, a Treasurer, and Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers as the Board of Directors shall deem expedient, who shall be chosen in such manner and hold their offices for such terms as the Board of Directors may prescribe. Any two or more of such offices may be held by the same person. Any Vice President, Assistant Treasurer or Assistant Secretary, respectively, may exercise any of the powers of the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer, or the Secretary, respectively, as directed by the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as are imposed upon him or her by the By-Laws or the Board of Directors. 29 Section 3.2: Term of Office and Compensation. The term of office and salary of each of said officers and the manner and time of the payment of such salaries shall be fixed and determined by the Board of Directors and may be altered by said Board from time to time at its pleasure, subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment. Any officer may resign at any time upon written notice to this corporation, without prejudice to the rights, if any, of this corporation under any contract to which the officer is a party. If any vacancy occurs in any office of this corporation, the Board of Directors may elect a successor to fill such vacancy. Article IV CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD Section 4.1: Powers and Duties. The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, shall have the power to preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and shall have such other powers and shall be subject to such other duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe. Article V CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Section 5.1: Powers and Duties. The powers and duties of the Chief Executive Officer are: (a) To act as the general manager and chief executive officer of this corporation and, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, to have general supervision, direction and control of the business and affairs of this corporation. (b) To preside at all meetings of the shareholders and, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board or if there be no Chairman, at all meetings of the Board of Directors. (c) To call meetings of the shareholders and meetings of the Board of Directors to be held at such times and, subject to the limitations prescribed by law or by these By-Laws, at such places as he or she shall deem proper. (d) To affix the signature of this corporation to all deeds, conveyances, mortgages, leases, obligations, bonds, certificates and other papers and instruments in writing which have been authorized by the Board of Directors or which, in the judgment of the Chief Executive Officer, should be executed on behalf of this corporation; to sign certificates for shares of stock of this corporation; and, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors, to have general charge of the property of this corporation and to supervise and control all officers, agents and employees of this corporation. 30 Article VA PRESIDENT Section 5A.1: Powers and Duties. The powers and duties of the President are: (a) To act as the general manager of this corporation and, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, to have general supervision, direction and control of the business and affairs of this corporation. (b) To preside at all meetings of the shareholders and, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer or if there be no Chairman or Chief Executive Officer, at all meetings of the Board of Directors. (c) To affix the signature of this corporation to all deeds, conveyances, mortgages, leases, obligations, bonds, certificates and other papers and instruments in writing which have been authorized by the Board of Directors or which, in the judgment of the President, should be executed on behalf of this corporation; to sign certificates for shares of stock of this corporation; and, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors, to have general charge of the property of this corporation and to supervise and control all officers, agents and employees of this corporation. Section 5A.2: President Pro Tem. If neither the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, nor any Vice President is present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, a President pro tem may be chosen to preside and act at such meeting. If neither the Chief Executive Officer, the President nor any Vice President is present at any meeting of the shareholders, a President pro tem may be chosen to preside at such meeting. Article VI VICE PRESIDENT Section. 6.1: Powers and Duties. The titles, powers and duties of the Vice President or Vice Presidents shall be prescribed by the Board of Directors. In case of the absence, disability or death of the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Vice President, or one of the Vice Presidents, shall exercise all his or her powers and perform all his or her duties. If there is more than one Vice President, the order in which the Vice Presidents shall succeed to the powers and duties of the Chief Executive Officer or President shall be as fixed by the Board of Directors. Article VII SECRETARY Section 7.1: Powers and Duties. The powers and duties of the Secretary are: 31 (a) To keep a book of minutes at the principal executive office of this corporation, or such other place as the Board of Directors may order, of all meetings of its directors and shareholders with the time and place of holding, whether regular or special, and, if special, how authorized, the notice thereof given, the names of those present at directors' meetings, the number of shares present or represented at shareholders' meetings and the proceedings thereof. (b) To keep the seal of this corporation and to affix the same to all instruments which may require it. (c) To keep or cause to be kept at the principal executive office of this corporation, or at the office of the transfer agent or agents, a record of the shareholders of this corporation, giving the names and addresses of all shareholders and the number and class of shares held by each, the number and date of certificates issued for shares and the number and date of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation. (d) To keep a supply of certificates for shares of this corporation, to fill in all certificates issued, and to make a proper record of each such issuance; provided that so long as this corporation shall have one or more duly appointed and acting transfer agents of the shares, or any class or series of shares, of this corporation, such duties with respect to such shares shall be performed by such transfer agent or transfer agents. (e) To transfer upon the share books of this corporation any and all shares of this corporation; provided that so long as this corporation shall have one or more duly appointed and acting transfer agents of the shares, or any class or series of shares, of this corporation, such duties with respect to such shares shall be performed by such transfer agent or transfer agents, and the method of transfer of each certificate shall be subject to the reasonable regulations of the transfer agent to which the certificate is presented for transfer and, also, if this corporation then has one or more duly appointed and acting registrars, subject to the reasonable regulations of the registrar to which a new certificate is presented for registration; and provided, further, that no certificate for shares of stock shall be issued or delivered or, if issued or delivered, shall have any validity whatsoever until and unless it has been signed or authenticated in the manner provided in Section 12.3 hereof. (f) To make service and publication of all notices that may be necessary or proper and without command or direction from anyone. In case of the absence, disability, refusal or neglect of the Secretary to make service or publication of any notices, then such notices may be served and/or published by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President, or by any person thereunto authorized by either of them or by the Board of Directors or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of this corporation. (g) Generally to do and perform all such duties as pertain to such office and as may be required by the Board of Directors. 32 Article VIII CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER Section 8.1: Powers and Duties. The powers and duties of the Chief Financial Officer are: (a) To supervise and control the keeping and maintaining of adequate and correct accounts of this corporation's properties and business transactions, including accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital, surplus and shares. The books of account shall at all reasonable times be open to inspection by any director. (b) To have the custody of all funds, securities, evidences of indebtedness and other valuable documents of this corporation and, at his or her discretion, to cause any or all thereof to be deposited for the account of this corporation with such depository as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. (c) To receive or cause to be received, and to give or cause to be given, receipts and acquittances for moneys paid in for the account of this corporation. (d) To disburse, or cause to be disbursed, all funds of this corporation as may be directed by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements. (e) To render to the Chief Executive Officer, the President or to the Board of Directors, whenever either may require, accounts of all transactions as Chief Financial Officer and of the financial condition of this corporation. (f) Generally to do and perform all such duties as pertain to such office and as may be required by the Board of Directors. Article VIIIA APPOINTED VICE PRESIDENTS, ETC. Section 8A.l: Appointed Vice Presidents, Etc.; Appointment, Duties, etc. The Chief Executive Officer of the corporation shall have the power, in the exercise of his or her discretion, to appoint additional persons to hold positions and titles such as vice president of the corporation or a division of the corporation or president of a division of the corporation, or similar such titles, as the business of the corporation may require, subject to such limits in appointment power as the Board may determine. The Board shall be advised of any such appointment at a meeting of the Board, and the appointment shall be noted in the minutes of the meeting. The minutes shall clearly state that such persons are non-corporate officers appointed pursuant to this Section 8A.l of these By-laws. 33 Each such appointee shall have such title, shall serve in such capacity and shall have such authority and perform such duties as the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation shall determine. Appointees may hold titles such as "president" of a division or other group within the corporation, or "vice president" of the corporation or of a division or other group within the corporation. However, any such appointee, absent specific election by the Board as an elected corporate officer, (i) shall not be considered an officer elected by the Board of Directors pursuant to Article III of these By-Laws and shall not have the executive powers or authority of corporate officers elected pursuant to such Article III, (ii) shall not be considered (a) an "officer" of the corporation for the purposes of Rule 3b-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the "Act") or an "executive officer" of the corporation for the purposes of Rule 3b-7 promulgated under the Act, and similarly shall not be considered an "officer" of the corporation for the purposes of Section 16 of the Act (as such persons shall not be given the access to inside information of the corporation enjoyed by officers of the corporation) or an "executive officer" of the corporation for the purposes of Section 14 of the Act or (b) a "corporate officer" for the purposes of Section 312 of the California Corporation Code (the "Code"), except in any such case as otherwise required by law, and (iii) shall be empowered to represent himself or herself to third parties as an appointed vice president, etc., only, and shall be empowered to execute documents, bind the corporation or otherwise act on behalf of the corporation only as authorized by the Chief Executive Officer or the President of the Corporation or by resolution of the Board of Directors. An elected officer of the corporation may also serve in an appointed capacity hereunder. Article IX EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Section 9.1: Appointment and Procedure. The Board of Directors may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the authorized number of directors, appoint from among its members an Executive Committee of two or more members. The Executive Committee may make its own rules of procedure subject to Section 11.9 hereof, and shall meet as provided by such rules or by a resolution adopted by the Board of Directors (which resolution shall take precedence). A majority of the members of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum, and in every case the affirmative vote of a majority of all members of the Committee shall be necessary to the adoption of any resolution by such Committee. Section 9.2: Powers. During the intervals between the meetings of the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, in all cases in which specific directions shall not have been given by the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of this corporation in such manner as 34 the Committee may deem best for the interests of this corporation, except with respect to: (a) any action for which California law also requires shareholder approval, (b) the filling of vacancies on the Board of Directors or in the committee, (c) the fixing of compensation of the directors for serving on the Board of Directors or on any committee, (d) the amendment or repeal of By-Laws or the adoption of new By- Laws, (e) the amendment or repeal of any resolution of the Board of Directors which by its express terms is not so amendable or repealable, (f) a distribution to the shareholders of this corporation, except at a rate or in a periodic amount or within a price range determined by the Board of Directors, (g) the appointment of other committees of the Board of Directors or the members thereof. Article X MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS Section 10.1: Place of Meetings. Meetings (whether regular, special or adjourned) of the shareholders of this corporation shall be held at the principal executive office for the transaction of business of this corporation, or at any place within or without the State which may be designated by written consent of all the shareholders entitled to vote thereat, or which may be designated by resolution of the Board of Directors. Any meeting shall be valid wherever held if held by the written consent of all the shareholders entitled to vote thereat, given either before or after the meeting and filed with the Secretary of this corporation. Section 10.2: Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of the shareholders shall be held at the hour of 10:00 a.m. on the last Wednesday in January in each year , if not a legal holiday, and if a legal holiday, then on the next succeeding business day not a legal holiday or at such other time in a particular year as may be designated by written consent of all the shareholders entitled to vote thereat or which may be designated by resolution of the Board of Directors. Such annual meetings shall be held at the place provided pursuant to Section 10.1 hereof. Said annual meetings shall be held for the purpose of the election of directors, for the making of reports of the affairs of this corporation and for the transaction of such other business as may come before the meeting. 35 Section 10.3: Special Meetings. Special meetings of the shareholders for any purpose or purposes whatsoever may be called at any time by the President or by the Board of Directors, or by two or more members thereof, or by one or more holders of shares entitled to cast not less than ten percent (10%) of the votes on the record date established pursuant to Section 10.8. Upon request in writing sent by registered mail to the Chief Executive Officer, President, Vice President or Secretary, or delivered to any such officer in person, by any person or persons entitled to call a special meeting of shareholders (such request, if sent by a shareholder or shareholders, to include the information required by Section 10.13), it shall be the duty of such officer, subject to the immediately succeeding sentence, to cause notice to be given to the shareholders entitled to vote that a meeting will be requested by the person or persons calling the meeting, the date of which meeting, which shall be set by such officer, to be not less than 35 days nor more than 60 days after such request or, if applicable, determination of the validity of such request pursuant to the immediately succeeding sentence. Within seven days after receiving such a written request from a shareholder or shareholders of the corporation, the Board of Directors shall determine whether shareholders owning not less than ten percent (10%) of the shares as of the record date established pursuant to Section 10.8 for such request support the call of a special meeting and notify the requesting party or parties of its finding. Section 10.4: Notice of Meetings. Notice of any meeting of shareholders shall be given in writing not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each shareholder entitled to vote thereat by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or other person charged with that duty, or if there be no such officer or person, or in case of his or her neglect or refusal, by any director or shareholder. The notice shall state the place, date and hour of the meeting and (i) in the case of a special meeting, the general nature of the business to be transacted, and no other business may be transacted, or (ii) in the case of the annual meeting, those matters which the Board of Directors, at the time of the mailing of the notice, intends to present for action by the shareholders, but any proper matter may be presented at the meeting for such action except 38 that notice must be given or waived in writing of any proposal relating to approval of contracts between the corporation and any director of this corporation, amendment of the Articles of Incorporation, reorganization of this corporation or winding up of this corporation. The notice of any meeting at which directors are to be elected shall include the names of nominees intended at the time of the notice to be presented by management for election. Written notice shall be given by this corporation to any shareholder, either (i) personally or (ii) by mail or other means of written communication, charges prepaid, addressed to such shareholder at such shareholder's address appearing on the books of this corporation or given by such shareholder to this corporation for the purpose of notice. If a shareholder gives no address or no such address appears on the books of this corporation, notice shall be deemed to have been given if sent by mail or other means of written 36 communication addressed to the place where the principal executive office of this corporation is located, or if published at least once in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which such office is located. The notice shall be deemed to have been given at the time when delivered personally or deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, or sent by other means of written communication and addressed as hereinbefore provided. An affidavit of delivery or mailing of any notice in accordance with the provisions of this Section 10.4, executed by the Secretary, Assistant Secretary or any transfer agent, shall be prima facie evidence of the giving of the notice. If any notice addressed to the shareholder at the address of such shareholder appearing on the books of the corporation is returned to this corporation by the United States Postal Service marked to indicate that the United States Postal Service is unable to deliver the notice to the shareholder at such address, all future notices shall be deemed to have been duly given without further mailing if the same shall be available for the shareholder upon written demand of the shareholder at the principal executive office of this corporation for a period of one year from the date of the giving of the notice to all other shareholders. Section 10.5: Consent to Shareholders' Meetings. The transactions of any meeting of shareholders, however called and noticed, and wherever held, are as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum is present either in person or by proxy, and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the shareholders entitled to vote, not present in person or by proxy, signs a written waiver of notice or a consent to the holding of such meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents or approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person objects, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened and except that attendance at a meeting is not a waiver of any right to object to the consideration of matters required by law to be included in the notice but not so included, if such objection is expressly made at the meeting. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any regular or special meeting of shareholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice, except as to approval of contracts between this corporation and any of its directors, amendment of the Articles of Incorporation, reorganization of this corporation or winding up the affairs of this corporation. Section 10.6: Quorum. The presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Shares shall not be counted to make up a quorum for a meeting if voting of such shares at the meeting has been enjoined or for any reason they cannot be lawfully voted at the meeting. The shareholders present at a duly called or held meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to transact business until adjournment notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less than a quorum, if any action taken (other than adjournment) is approved by at least a majority of the shares required to constitute a quorum. 37 Section 10.7: Adjourned Meetings. Any shareholders' meeting, whether or not a quorum is present, may be adjourned from time to time by the vote of a majority of the shares, the holders of which are either present in person or represented by proxy thereat, but, except as provided in Section 10.6 hereof, in the absence of a quorum, no other business may be transacted at such meeting. When a meeting is adjourned for more than 45 days or if after adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at a meeting. Except as aforesaid, it shall not be necessary to give any notice of the time and place of the adjourned meeting or of the business to be transacted thereat other than by announcement at the meeting at which such adjournment is taken. At any adjourned meeting the shareholders may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. Section 10.8: Voting Rights. Only persons in whose names shares entitled to vote stand on the stock records of this corporation at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which notice is given or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held or, if some other day be fixed for the determination of shareholders of record pursuant to Section 2.8(k) hereof, then on such other day, shall be entitled to vote at such meeting. In the absence of any contrary provision in the Articles of Incorporation or in any applicable statute relating to the election of directors or to other particular matters, each such person shall be entitled to one vote for each share. In order that the corporation may determine the shareholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting or request a special meeting of the shareholders pursuant to Section 10.3, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which date shall not be more than fourteen (14) days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors. Any shareholder of record seeking to have the shareholders authorize or take corporate action by written consent or request a special meeting of the shareholders pursuant to Section 10.3 shall, by written notice to the Secretary, request the Board of Directors to fix a record date. The Board of Directors shall promptly, but in no event later than twenty eight (28) days after the date on which such request is received, adopt a resolution fixing the record date. Section 10.9: Action by Written Consents. Any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting and without prior notice, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding shares having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Within fourteen (14) days after receiving such written consent or consents from shareholders of the corporation, the Board of Directors shall determine whether holders of outstanding shares as of 38 the record date established pursuant to Section 10.8 having not less than the minimum number of votes which would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted have properly consented thereto in writing and notify the requesting party of its finding. Unless the consents of all shareholders entitled to vote have been solicited in writing, notice of any shareholder approval of (i) contracts between this corporation and any of its directors, (ii) indemnification of any person, (iii) reorganization of this corporation or (iv) distributions to shareholders upon winding up of this corporation in certain circumstances without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given at least 10 days before the consummation of the action authorized by such approval, and prompt notice shall be given of the taking of any other corporate action approved by shareholders without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent, to those shareholders entitled to vote who have not consented in writing. All notices given hereunder shall conform to the requirements of Section 10.4 hereto and applicable law. When written consents are given with respect to any shares, they shall be given by and accepted from the persons in whose names such shares stand on the books of this corporation at the time such respective consents are given, or any shareholder's proxy holder, or a transferee of the shares or a personal representative of the shareholder or their respective proxy holders, may revoke the consent by a writing received by this corporation prior to the time that written consents of the number of shares required to authorize the proposed action have been filed with the Secretary of this corporation, but may not do so thereafter. Such revocation is effective upon its receipt by the Secretary of this corporation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, directors may not be elected by written consent except by unanimous written consent of all shares entitled to vote for the election of directors. Section 10.10: Elections of Directors. In any election of directors, the candidates receiving the highest number of affirmative votes of the shares entitled to be voted for them up to the number of directors to be elected by such shares are elected; votes against the directors and votes withheld with respect to the election of the directors shall have no legal effect. Elections of directors need not be by ballot except upon demand made by a shareholder at the meeting and before the voting begins. Section 10.11: Proxies. Every person entitled to vote or execute consents shall have the right to do so either in person or by one or more agents authorized by a written proxy executed by such person or such person's duly authorized agent and filed with the Secretary of this corporation. No proxy shall be valid (l) after revocation thereof, unless the proxy is specifically made irrevocable and otherwise conforms to this Section 10.11 and applicable law, or (2) after the expiration of eleven months from the date thereof, unless the person executing it specifies therein the length of time for which such proxy is to continue in force. Revocation may be effected by a writing delivered to the Secretary of this corporation stating that the proxy is revoked or by a subsequent proxy executed by, or by attendance at the meeting and voting in person by, the person executing the proxy. A proxy is not revoked by the death or incapacity of the maker unless, before the vote is counted, a written notice of such death or incapacity is received by this 39 corporation. A proxy which states that it is irrevocable is irrevocable for the period specified therein when it is held by any of the following or a nominee of any of the following: (l) a pledgee, (2) a person who has purchased or agreed to purchase or holds an option to purchase the shares or a person who has sold a portion of such person's shares in this corporation to the maker of the proxy, (3) a creditor or creditors of this corporation or the shareholder who extended or continued credit to this corporation or the shareholder in consideration of the proxy if the proxy states that it was given in consideration of such extension or continuation of credit and the name of the person extending or continuing the credit, (4) a person who has contracted to perform services as an employee of this corporation, if a proxy is required by the contract of employment and if the proxy states that it was given in consideration of such contract of employment, the name of the employee and the period of employment contracted for, (5) a person designated by or under a close corporation shareholder agreement or a voting trust agreement. In addition, a proxy may be made irrevocable if it is given to secure the performance of a duty or to protect a title, either legal or equitable, until the happening of events which, by its terms, discharge the obligation secured by it. Notwithstanding the period of irrevocability specified, the proxy becomes revocable when the pledge is redeemed, the option or agreement to purchase is terminated or the seller no longer owns any shares of this corporation or dies, the debt of this corporation or the shareholder is paid, the period of employment provided for in the contract of employment has terminated or the close corporation shareholder agreement or the voting trust agreement has terminated. In addition, a proxy may be revoked, notwithstanding a provision making it irrevocable, by a purchaser of shares without knowledge of the existence of the provision unless the existence of the proxy and its irrevocability appears on the certificate representing such shares. Every form of proxy or written consent, which provides an opportunity to specify approval or disapproval with respect to any proposal, shall also contain an appropriate space marked "abstain", whereby a shareholder may indicate a desire to abstain from voting his or her shares on the proposal. A proxy marked "abstain" by the shareholder with respect to a particular proposal shall not be voted either for or against such proposal. In any election of directors, any form of proxy in which the directors to be voted upon are named therein as candidates and which is marked by a shareholder "withhold" or otherwise marked in a manner indicating that the authority to vote for the election of directors is withheld shall not be voted either for or against the election of a director. Section 10.12: Inspectors of Election. Before any meeting of shareholders, the Board of Directors may appoint any persons other than nominees for office to act as inspectors of election at the meeting or its adjournment. If no inspectors of election are so appointed, the Chairman of the meeting may, and on the request of any shareholder or a shareholder's proxy shall, appoint inspectors of election at the meeting. The number of inspectors shall be either one (l) or three (3). If inspectors are appointed at a meeting on the request of one or more shareholders or proxies, the holders of a majority of shares or their proxies present at the meeting shall determine whether one (l) or three (3) inspectors are to be appointed. If any person appointed as inspector fails to appear or fails or refuses to act, the 40 Chairman of the meeting may, and upon the request of any shareholder or a shareholder's proxy shall, appoint a person to fill that vacancy. These inspectors shall: (a) Determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, and the authenticity, validity, and effect of proxies; (b) Receive votes, ballots, or consents; (c) Hear and determine all challenges and questions in any way arising in connection with the right to vote; (d) Count and tabulate all votes or consents; (e) Determine when the polls shall close; (f) Determine the result; and (g) Do any other acts that may be proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all shareholders. Section 10.13: Advance Notice of Shareholder Proposals and Director Nominations. Shareholders may nominate one or more persons for election as directors at a meeting of shareholders or propose business to be brought before a meeting of shareholders, or both, only if such shareholder has given timely notice in proper written form of such shareholder's intent to make such nomination or nominations or to propose such business. To be timely, a shareholder's notice must be received by the Secretary of the Corporation not later than 60 days prior to such meeting; provided, however, that in the event less than 70 days' notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the meeting is given or made to shareholders, notice by the shareholder to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which such notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or such public disclosure was made. To be in proper written form a shareholder's notice to the Secretary shall set forth (i) the name and address of the shareholder who intends to make the nominations or propose the business and, as the case may be, of the person or persons to be nominated or of the business to be proposed, (ii) a representation that the shareholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation that intends to vote such stock at such meeting and, if applicable, intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice, (iii) if applicable, a description of all arrangements or understandings between the shareholder and each nominee or any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the shareholder, (iv) such other information regarding each nominee or each matter of business to be proposed by such shareholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to Regulation 14A promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 had the nominee been nominated, or intended 41 to be nominated, or the matter been proposed, or intended to be proposed, by the Board of Directors of the Corporation and (v) if applicable, the consent of each nominee as director of the Corporation if so elected. The chairman of a meeting of shareholders may refuse to acknowledge the nomination of any person or the proposal of any business not made in compliance with the foregoing procedure. Article XI MEETINGS OF DIRECTORS Section 11.1: Place of Meetings. Meetings (whether regular, special or adjourned) of the Board of Directors of this corporation shall be held at the principal office of this corporation for the transaction of business, as specified in accordance with Section 1.1 hereof, or at any other place within or without the State which has been designated from time to time by resolution of the Board or which is designated in the notice of the meeting. Section 11.2: Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held after the adjournment of each annual meeting of the shareholders (which regular directors' meeting shall be designated the "Regular Annual Meeting") and at such other times as may be designated from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors. Notice of the time and place of all regular meetings shall be given in the same manner as for special meetings, except that no such notice need be given if (l) the time and place of such meetings are fixed by the Board of Directors or (2) the Regular Annual Meeting is held at the principal place of business provided at Section 1.1 hereof and on the date specified in Section 10.2 hereof. Section 11.3: Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board, if any, or the President, or any Vice President, or the Secretary or by any two or more directors. Section 11.4: Notice of Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held upon no less than four days' notice by mail or 48 hours' notice delivered personally or by telephone or telegraph to each director. Notice need not be given to any director who signs a waiver of notice or who attends the meeting without protesting, prior thereto or at its commencement, the lack of notice to such director. Any oral notice given personally or by telephone may be communicated either to the director or to a person at the home or office of the director who the person giving the notice has reason to believe will promptly communicate it to the director. A notice or waiver of notice need not specify the purpose of any meeting of the Board. If the address of a director is not shown on the records and is not readily ascertainable, notice shall be addressed to him at the city or place in which the meetings of the directors are regularly held. If the meeting is adjourned for more than 24 hours, notice of any adjournment to another time or place shall be given prior to the time of the adjourned meeting to all directors not present at the time of adjournment. 42 Section 11.5: Quorum. A majority of all directors elected by the shareholders and appointed to fill vacancies as provided in Section 2.6 hereof shall constitute a quorum of the Board of Directors for the transaction of business. Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present is the act of the Board of Directors subject to provisions of law relating to interested directors and indemnification of agents of this corporation. A majority of the directors present, whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn any meeting to another time and place. A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for such meeting. Section 11.6: Conference Telephone. Members of the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting through use of conference telephone or similar communications equipment, so long as all directors participating in such meeting can hear one another. Participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 11.6 constitutes presence in person at such meeting. Section 11.7: Waiver of Notice and Consent. The transactions of any meeting of the Board of Directors, however called and noticed or wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum is present, and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present signs a written waiver of notice, a consent to holding such meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents and approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting. Section 11.8: Action Without a Meeting. Any action required or permitted by law to be taken by the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors shall individually or collectively consent in writing to such action. Such written consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors. Such action by written consent shall have the same force and effect as the unanimous vote of such directors. Section 11.9: Committees. The provisions of this Article XI apply also to committees of the Board of Directors and action by such committees, mutatis mutandis. Article XII SUNDRY PROVISIONS Section 12.1: Instruments in Writing. All checks, drafts, demands for money and notes of this corporation, and all written contracts of this corporation, shall be signed by such officer or officers, agent or agents, as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate. No officer, agent, or employee of this corporation shall have the power to bind this corporation by contract or otherwise unless authorized to do so by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors. 43 Section 12.2: Shares Held by the Corporation. Shares in other corporations standing in the name of this corporation may be voted or represented and all rights incident thereto may be exercised on behalf of the corporation by any officer of this corporation authorized so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors. Section 12.3: Certificates of Stock. There shall be issued to every holder of shares in this corporation a certificate or certificates signed in the name of this corporation by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, or the Chief Executive Officer or the President or a Vice President and by the Chief Financial Officer or an Assistant Chief Financial Officer or the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, certifying the number of shares and the class or series of shares owned by the shareholder. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by this corporation with the same effect as if such person were an officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. Section 12.4: Lost Certificates. Where the owner of any certificate for shares of this corporation claims that the certificate has been lost, stolen or destroyed, a new certificate shall be issued in place of the original certificate if the owner (l) so requests before this corporation has notice that the original certificate has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, (2) files with this corporation an indemnity bond in such form and in such amount as shall be approved by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President of this corporation, and (3) satisfies any other reasonable requirements imposed by this corporation. The Board of Directors may adopt such other provisions and restrictions with reference to lost certificates, not inconsistent with applicable law, as it shall in its discretion deem appropriate. Section 12.5: Certification and Inspection of By-Laws. This corporation shall keep at its principal executive or business office the original or a copy of these By-Laws as amended or otherwise altered to date, which shall be open to inspection by the shareholders at all reasonable times during office hours. Section 12.6: Annual Reports. The making of annual reports to the shareholders is dispensed with and the requirement that such annual reports be made to shareholders is expressly waived, except as may be directed from time to time by the Board of Directors or the President. Section 12.7: Fiscal Quarters. Each fiscal quarter of the Corporation shall be comprised of 13 weeks each of which shall end at midnight on Saturday of such week, and the fiscal months in any one calendar quarter shall be comprised of at least four consecutive calendar weeks with one week to be added, at management's discretion, to any one month during such fiscal year. 44 Section 12.8: Officer Loans and Guaranties. If the corporation has outstanding shares held of record by 100 or more persons on the date of approval by the Board of Directors, the corporation may make loans of money or property to, or guarantee the obligations of, any officer of the corporation or its parent or subsidiaries, whether or not the officer is a director, upon the approval of the Board of Directors alone. Such approval by the Board of Directors must be determined by a vote of a majority of the disinterested directors, if it is determined that such a loan or guaranty may reasonably be expected to benefit the corporation. In no event may an officer owning 2% or more of the outstanding common shares of the corporation be extended a loan under this provision. Article XIII CONSTRUCTION OF BY-LAWS WITH REFERENCE TO PROVISIONS OF LAW Section 13.1: By-Law Provisions Additional and Supplemental to Provisions of Law. All restrictions, limitations, requirements and other provisions of these By-Laws shall be construed, insofar as possible, as supplemental and additional to all provisions of law applicable to the subject matter thereof and shall be fully complied with in addition to the said provisions of law unless such compliance shall be illegal. Section 13.2: By-Law Provisions Contrary to or Inconsistent with Provisions of Law. Any article, section, subsection, subdivision, sentence, clause or phrase of these By-Laws which, upon being construed in the manner provided in Section 13.1 hereof, shall be contrary to or inconsistent with any applicable provision of law, shall not apply so long as said provisions of law shall remain in effect, but such result shall not affect the validity or applicability of any other portions of these By-Laws, it being hereby declared that these By-Laws, and each article, section, subsection, subdivision, sentence, clause, or phrase thereof, would have been adopted irrespective of the fact that any one or more articles, sections, subsections, subdivisions, sentences, clauses or phrases is or are illegal. Article XIV ADOPTION, AMENDMENT OR REPEAL OF BY-LAWS Section 14.1: By Shareholders. By-Laws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the vote or written consent of holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote. By-Laws specifying or changing a fixed number of directors or the maximum or minimum number or changing from a fixed to a variable board or vice versa may only be adopted by the shareholders; provided, however, that a By-Law or amendment of the Articles of Incorporation reducing the number or the minimum number of directors to a number less than five cannot be adopted if the votes cast against its adoption at a meeting or the shares not consenting in the case of action by written consent are equal to more than 16-2/3% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote. 45 Section 14.2: By the Board of Directors. Subject to the right of shareholders to adopt, amend or repeal By-Laws, By-Laws, other than a By- Law or amendment thereof specifying or changing a fixed number of directors or the maximum or minimum number or changing from a fixed to a variable board or vice versa, may be adopted, amended or repealed by the Board of Directors. A By-Law adopted by the shareholders may restrict or eliminate the power of the Board of Directors to adopt, amend or repeal By-Laws. Article XV RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER OF STOCK Section 15.1: Subsequent Agreement or By-Law. If (a) any two or more shareholders of this corporation shall enter into any agreement abridging, limiting or restricting the rights of any one or more of them to sell, assign, transfer, mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or transfer on the books of this corporation any or all of the shares of this corporation held by them, and if a copy of said agreement shall be filed with this corporation, or if (b) shareholders entitled to vote shall adopt any By-Law provision abridging, limiting or restricting the aforesaid rights of any shareholders, then, and in either of such events, all certificates of shares of stock subject to such abridgments, limitations or restrictions shall have a reference thereto endorsed thereon by an officer of this corporation and such certificates shall not thereafter be transferred on the books of this corporation except in accordance with the terms and provisions of such agreement or ByLaw, as the case may be; provided, that no restriction shall be binding with respect to shares issued prior to adoption of the restriction unless the holders of such shares voted in favor of or consented in writing to the restriction. Article XVI INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AND OTHER AGENTS Section 16.1: Indemnification of Directors and Officers. The corporation shall, to the maximum extent and in the manner permitted by the Code, indemnify each of its directors and officers against expenses (as defined in Section 317(a) of the Code), judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding (as defined in Section 317(a) of the Code), arising by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the corporation. For purposes of this Article XVI, a "director" or "officer" of the corporation includes any person (i) who is or was a director or officer of the corporation, (ii) who is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or (iii) who was a director or officer of a corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation. 46 Section 16.2: Indemnification of Others. The corporation shall have the power, to the extent and in the manner permitted by the Code, to indemnify each of its employees and agents (other than directors and officers) against expenses (as defined in Section 317(a) of the Code), judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding (as defined in Section 317(a) of the Code), arising by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the corporation. For purposes of this Article XVI, an "employee" or "agent" of the corporation (other than a director or officer) includes any person (i) who is or was an employee or agent of the corporation, (ii) who is or was serving at the request of the corporation as an employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or (iii) who was an employee or agent of a corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation. Section 16.3: Payment of Expenses in Advance. Expenses incurred in defending any civil or criminal action or proceeding for which indemnification is required pursuant to Section 16.1 or for which indemnification is permitted pursuant to Section 16.2 following authorization thereof by the Board of Directors, shall be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the indemnified party to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that the indemnified party is not entitled to be indemnified as authorized in this Article XVI. Section 16.4: Indemnity Not Exclusive. The indemnification provided by this Article XVI shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in an official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, to the extent that such additional rights to indemnification are authorized in the Articles of Incorporation. Section 16.5: Insurance Indemnification. The corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was an Agent of the corporation against any liability asserted against or incurred by such person in such capacity or arising out of such person's status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this Article XVI. Section 16.6: Conflicts. No indemnification or advance shall be made under this Article XVI, except where such indemnification or advance is mandated by law or the order, judgment or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction, in any circumstance where it appears: (a) That it would be inconsistent with a provision of the Articles of Incorporation, these bylaws, a resolution of the shareholders or an 47 agreement in effect at the time of the accrual of the alleged cause of the action asserted in the proceeding in which the expenses were incurred or other amounts were paid, which prohibits or otherwise limits indemnification; or (b) That it would be inconsistent with any condition expressly imposed by a court in approving a settlement. 48 EX-27 3 ART. 5 FDS FOR FY998 FORM 10-K WARNING: THE EDGAR SYSTEM ENCOUNTERED ERROR(S) WHILE PROCESSING THIS SCHEDULE.
5 1,000,000 3-MOS SEP-26-1999 DEC-26-1998 1,221 1,357 994 81 25 3,867 825 481 4,592 1,484 954 637 0 150 1,136 4,592 1,710 1,710 1,228 1,228 355 0 16 169 17 152 0 0 0 152 1.12 0.95 49 -----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----