Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, including the net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”), the Company assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to utilize its existing deferred tax assets. Based on its assessment, the Company has provided a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets as their future utilization remains uncertain at this time.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had approximately $281 million and $264 million, respectively, of federal NOLs available to offset future taxable income expiring from 2030 through 2036. The Company performed an analysis and determined that it had an ownership change of greater than 50% over a 3-year testing period on January 25, 2021. As a result, $169 million of the $281 million of federal NOLs will expire unutilized. The Company wrote off that portion of the deferred tax asset and reduced the corresponding valuation allowance resulting in $112 million of remaining federal NOL. The write off of the deferred tax asset and the corresponding reduction in valuation allowance has no impact to the balance sheet or income statement. Losses incurred before the ownership change on January 25, 2021 will be subject to an annual limitation of $173 thousand under Internal Revenue Code Section 382, while losses incurred after January 25, 2021 will not be subject to limitations. The Company may be able to utilize additional NOLs of approximately $1.1 million per year for the first five years after this ownership change as a result of the application of the Net Unrealized Built-in Gain rules.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had state NOLs available in New Jersey of $97 million and $99 million, respectively, California of $70 million and $70 million, respectively, and New York City of $13 million and $13 million, respectively, to offset future taxable income expiring from 2031 through 2041. In accordance with Section 382 of the Internal Revenue code, the usage of the Company’s NOLs would be limited given the change in ownership. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the period when those temporary differences become deductible.

The Company applies the FASB’s provisions for uncertain tax positions. The Company utilizes the two-step process to determine the amount of recognized tax benefit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense.

As of September 30, 2022, management does not believe the Company has any material uncertain tax positions that would require it to measure and reflect the potential lack of sustainability of a position on audit in its financial statements. The Company will continue to evaluate its uncertain tax positions in future periods to determine if measurement and recognition in its financial statements is necessary. The Company does not believe there will be any material changes in its unrecognized tax positions over the next year.

For years prior to 2018, the federal statute of limitations is closed for assessing tax. The Company’s state tax returns remain open to examination for a period of three to four years from date of filing.

In December 2021, the Company received preliminary approval from the New Jersey Economic Development Authority (“NJEDA”) to participate in the Technology Business Tax Certificate Transfer Program (the “Program”). The Program permits qualified companies to sell a percentage of their New Jersey net operating losses (“NJ NOLs”) to unrelated profitable corporations. On February 22, 2022, the Company received final approval from NJEDA to sell $2.5 million of its NJ NOLs related tax benefits (“NJ NOL Tax Benefits”), which was subsequently sold to a qualifying and approved buyer pursuant to the Program for net proceeds of $2.3 million. The gross proceeds of $2.5 million have been recorded as a benefit from income taxes and the loss on sale of NJ NOLs of $0.1 million recorded in other income (expense) in the consolidated financial statements.