1.	Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of business— CECO Environmental Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“CECO,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a diversified global provider of leading highly engineered technologies to the environmental, energy, and fluid handling and filtration industrial segments, targeting specific niche-focused end markets through an attractive asset-light business model, strategically balanced across the world. CECO has over $5 billion of installed equipment base with end users, which we target to expand and grow a higher recurring revenue of aftermarket products and services. CECO’s well-respected brands, technologies and solutions have been evolving for well over 50 years to become leading-edge technologies in specific niche global end markets.

Principles of consolidation—Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the following subsidiaries:

	% Owned As Of December 31, 2017
CECO Group, Inc.		100	%
CECO Group Global Holdings LLC		100	%
CECO Filters, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“CFI”)		99	%
The Kirk & Blum Manufacturing Company		100	%
CECO Air Quality Solutions, Inc.		100	%
EFFOX, Inc. (“Effox”)		100	%
Fisher-Klosterman, Inc. (“FKI”)		100	%
Flextor, Inc. (“Flextor”)		100	%
Adwest Technologies, Inc. (“Adwest”)		100	%
Aarding Thermal Acoustics B.V. (“Aarding”)		100	%
Met-Pro Technologies LLC (“Met-Pro”)		100	%
Peerless Mfg. Co. (“PMFG”)		100	%

In fiscal 2017, a new subsidiary, CECO Air Quality Solutions, Inc., was formed and merged with former subsidiary CECO Abatement Systems, Inc. Additionally, New Busch Co., Inc. (“Busch”) merged with CFI. Further, Met-Pro wholly owned subsidiaries MPC Inc., Met-Pro Industrial Services and Bio-Reaction Industries merged with Met-Pro. The Company will continue to optimize its legal entity structure through consolidation and mergers of subsidiaries in the future.

CFI includes one wholly owned subsidiary, CECO Environmental India Private Limited (f/k/a. CECO Filter India Private Limited). The noncontrolling interest in CFI is not material.

FKI includes three wholly owned subsidiaries, AVC, Inc. (“AVC.”), Emtrol LLC (“Emtrol”) and SAT Technology, Inc. (“SAT”).

Met-Pro includes eight wholly owned subsidiaries, Mefiag B. V., Met-Pro Recovery/Pollution Control Technologies, Inc., Strobic Air Corporation, Mefiag (Guangzhou) Filter Systems Ltd., Met-Pro (Hong Kong) Company Limited, Met-Pro Holding LLC, Jiangyin Zhongli Industrial Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhongli’) and Met-Pro Chile Limitada.

CECO Group, Inc. has two wholly owned subsidiaries in Mexico, CECO Environmental Mexico S de RL de CV and CECO Environmental Services Mexico S de RL de CV.

PMFG has five wholly owned subsidiaries, Nitram Energy, Inc., PMC Acquisition, Inc., Peerless Europe, Ltd., Peerless Manufacturing Canada, Ltd., and Peerless Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. Additionally, PMFG was the majority owner of Peerless Propulsys China Holdings LLC (“Peerless Propulsys”). The Company’s former 60% equity investment in Peerless Propulsys entitled it to 80% of the earnings. Peerless Propulsys was the sole owner of Peerless China Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (“PCMC”). On July 12, 2016, the Company entered into an agreement with the noncontrolling owner of Peerless Propulsys and acquired 100% ownership in the equity and earnings of Peerless Propulsys of their interest (40%). For a more complete discussion of the transaction, refer to Note 17.

PMFG is a global provider of engineered equipment for the abatement of air pollution, the separation and filtration of contaminants from gases and liquids, and industrial noise control equipment, and was acquired in September 2015.

Unless indicated, all balances within tables are in thousands except per share amounts. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash equivalents—We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, included in Restricted Cash is cash in support of letters of credit issued by various foreign subsidiaries of the Company. The Company occasionally enters into letters of credit with durations in excess of one year.

Accounts Receivable—Trade receivables are generally uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms requiring payment generally within 30 days from the invoice date unless otherwise determined by specific contract terms, generally due to retainage provisions. The Company’s estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts for trade receivables is primarily determined based upon the length of time that the receivables are past due. In addition, management estimates are used to determine probable losses based upon an analysis of prior collection experience, specific account risks and economic conditions. The Company has a series of actions that occur based upon the aging of past due trade receivables, including letters, statements, direct customer contact and liens. Accounts are deemed uncollectible based on past account experience and the current financial condition of the account.

Inventories—As a result of prospectively adopting ASU 2015-11, in fiscal year 2017 the Company’s inventory is primarily valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. In fiscal year 2016, the Company’s inventories are primarily valued at the lower of cost or market. The impact of the adoption was not material. The Company uses the first-in, first-out inventory costing method as well as the last-in, first-out method as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, approximately 14% and 8%, respectively, of our inventory is valued on the last-in, first-out method. Inventory quantities are regularly reviewed and provisions for excess or obsolete inventory are recorded based on the Company’s forecast of future demand and market conditions. Significant unanticipated changes to the Company’s forecasts could require a change in the provision for excess or obsolete inventory.

Assets Held for Sale—The Company classifies properties as held for sale when certain criteria are met. At such time, the properties, including significant assets that are expected to be transferred as part of a sale transaction, are presented separately on the consolidated balance sheet at the lower of carrying value or estimated fair value less costs to sell and depreciation is no longer recognized. At December 31, 2017, the Company had three buildings, two tracts of land and equipment classified as held for sale. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had two buildings, two tracts of land and equipment classified as held for sale.

Property, plant and equipment—Property, plant and equipment are carried at the cost of acquisition or construction and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method in amounts sufficient to amortize the cost of the assets over their estimated useful lives (buildings and improvements—generally five to 40 years; machinery and equipment—generally two to 15 years). Upon sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment, the applicable amounts of asset cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and the net amount, less any proceeds from sale, is recorded in income.

Intangible assets— Indefinite life intangible assets are comprised of tradenames, while finite life intangible assets are comprised of technology, customer lists, noncompetition agreements and tradenames. Finite life intangible assets are amortized on a straight line or accelerated basis over their estimated useful lives of seven to 10 years for technology, five to 20 years for customer lists, five years for noncompetition agreements and 10 years for tradenames.

Long-lived assets—Property, plant and equipment and finite life intangible assets are reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate possible impairment. If events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate possible impairment, our impairment review is based on an undiscounted cash flow analysis at the lowest level at which cash flows of the long-lived assets are largely independent of other groups of our assets and liabilities. This analysis requires management judgment with respect to changes in technology, the continued success of product lines, and future volume, revenue and expense growth rates. We conduct annual reviews for idle and underutilized equipment, and review business plans for possible impairment. Impairment occurs when the carrying value of the assets exceeds the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be earned by the use of the asset or asset group. When impairment is indicated, the estimated future cash flows are then discounted to determine the estimated fair value of the asset or asset group and an impairment charge is recorded for the difference between the carrying value and the estimated fair value.

Additionally, the Company evaluates the remaining useful life each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of depreciation or amortization. If the estimate of a long lived asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying amount of the asset is amortized prospectively over that revised remaining useful life.

The Company completes an annual (or more often if circumstances require) impairment assessment of its indefinite life intangible assets. As a part of its annual assessment, typically, the Company first qualitatively assesses whether current events or changes in circumstances lead to a determination that it is more likely than not (defined as a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of an asset is less than its carrying amount. If there is a qualitative determination that the fair value of a particular asset is more likely than not greater than its carrying value, we do not need to proceed to the traditional quantitative estimated fair value test for that asset. If this qualitative assessment indicates a more likely than not potential that the asset may be impaired, the estimated fair value is calculated by the relief from royalty method. If the estimated fair value of an asset is less than its carrying value, an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its calculated implied fair value. For the 2017 annual assessment, given the lower than expected results for certain reporting units, we determined that a quantitative assessment of fair value for all indefinite life intangible assets using the relief from royalty method was appropriate. Refer to Note 7 for the results of this quantitative analysis.

Goodwill—The Company completes an annual (or more often if circumstances require) impairment assessment on October 1 of its goodwill on a reporting unit level, at or below the operating segment level. As a part of its annual assessment, the Company first qualitatively assesses whether current events or changes in circumstances lead to a determination that it is more likely than not (defined as a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If there is a qualitative determination that the fair value of a particular reporting unit is more likely than not greater than its carrying value, the Company does not need to quantitatively test for goodwill impairment for that reporting unit. If this qualitative assessment indicates a more likely than not potential that the asset may be impaired, the estimated fair value is calculated using a weighting of the income method and the market method. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment charge is recorded. In fiscal year 2017, the Company prospectively adopted ASU 2017-04, which eliminates Step 2 and recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value with the loss not exceeding the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In 2016, the Company recognized an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value of the goodwill exceeds its calculated implied fair value (formerly known as “Step 2”). For the 2017 annual assessment, given the lower than expected results for certain reporting units, we determined that a quantitative assessment of fair value for all reporting units with goodwill was appropriate. Refer to Note 7 for the results of this quantitative analysis.

Deferred charges—Deferred charges include deferred financing costs, which are amortized to interest expense over the life of the related loan. The Company incurred and capitalized $0.7 million of deferred financing fees in 2017 related to long-term debt modifications. The Company did not incur or capitalize deferred financing fees in 2016. During 2015, the Company capitalized deferred financing fees of $2.9 million related to the issuance of new debt. Amortization expense was $1.0 million, $1.1 million and $0.8 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and is classified as interest expense. Also, during 2015, an additional $0.3 million of existing fees were expensed, and classified as interest expense, as a result of the modification of the Credit Agreement (refer to Note 9 for further details of the modification). As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, remaining capitalized deferred financing costs of $2.8 million and $3.2 million, respectively, are included as a discount to debt in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Revenue recognition—Revenues from contracts are primarily recognized on the percentage of completion method, measured by the percentage of contract costs incurred to date compared with estimated total contract costs for each contract. This method is used because management considers contract costs to be the best available measure of progress on these contracts. For contracts where the duration is short, total contract revenue is insignificant, or reasonably dependable estimates cannot be made, revenues are recognized on a completed contract basis, when risk and title passes to the customer, which is generally upon shipment of product.

During 2016, the Company’s Zhongli division within the Energy segment has recognized revenue on a percentage of completion method compared with the completed contracts method that was utilized in 2015 (as the division did not meet the criteria to use percentage of completion). This change was made after determining that the Company had designed and implemented appropriate controls to track project costs and estimates to complete. During the year ended December 31, 2016, this division recognized $7.9 million in percentage of completion revenue related to open projects as of December 31, 2016.

The asset “Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts” represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed. The liability “Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts” represents billings in excess of revenues recognized. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes to job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability may result in revisions to contract revenue and costs and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are made. No provision for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts was required at December 31, 2017, and 2016.

Cost of sales—Cost of sales amounts include materials, direct labor and associated benefits, inbound freight charges, purchasing and receiving, inspection, warehousing, and depreciation. Generally, customer freight charges are included in sales and actual freight expenses are included in cost of sales.

Claims—Change orders arise when the scope of the original project is modified for any of a variety of reasons. The Company will negotiate the extent of the modifications, its expected costs and recovery with the customer. Costs related to change orders are recognized in the period they are incurred and added to the expected total cost of the project. In cases where contract revenues are assured beyond a reasonable doubt to be increased in excess of the expected costs of the change order, incremental profit also is recognized on the contract. Such assurance is generally only achieved when the customer approves in writing the scope and pricing of the change order. Change orders that are in dispute are effectively handled as claims.

Claims are amounts in excess of the agreed contract price that the Company seeks to collect from customers or others for customer-caused delays, errors in specifications and designs, contract terminations, change orders in dispute or unapproved as to both scope and price. Costs attributable to claims are treated as contract costs as incurred.

The Company recognizes certain significant claims for recovery of incurred costs when it is probable that the claim will result in additional contract revenue and when the amount of the claim can be reliably estimated. When the customer or other parties agree in writing to the amount of the claim to be recovered by the Company, the amount of the claim becomes contractual and is accounted for as an increase in the contract’s total estimated revenue and estimated cost. As actual costs are incurred and revenues are recognized under percentage-of-completion accounting, a corresponding percentage of the revised total estimated profit will therefore be recognized.

Should it become probable that the claim will not result in additional contract revenue, the Company removes the related contract revenues from its previous estimate of total revenues, which effectively reduces the estimated profit margin on the job and negatively impacts profit for the period.

Pre-contract costs—Pre-contract costs are not significant. The Company expenses all pre-contract costs as incurred regardless of whether or not the bids are successful. A majority of our business is obtained through a bidding process and this activity is on-going with multiple bids in process at any one time. These costs consist primarily of engineering, sales and project manager wages, fringes and general corporate overhead and it is deemed impractical to track activities related to any one specific contract.

Selling and administrative expenses—Selling and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations include sales and administrative wages and associated benefits, selling and office expenses, professional fees, bad debt expense, changes in life insurance cash surrender value and depreciation. Selling and administrative expenses are charged to expense as incurred.

Acquisition and integration expenses—Acquisition and integration expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations are related to acquisition activities, which include retention, legal, accounting, banking, and other expenses.

Amortization and earnout expenses—Amortization and earn out expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations include amortization of intangible assets, and changes to earnout and contingent compensation amounts related to acquisitions as more fully presented and described in Notes 7 and 8.

Restructuring expenses—Restructuring expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations include expenses related to a restructuring program implemented during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 to reduce operating costs in the future. Within restructuring expenses are charges related to severance, facility exit, legal and property, plant and equipment impairment. The Company’s policy is to recognize restructuring expenses in accordance with the accounting rules related to exit or disposal activities.

Indirect Taxes—The Company records taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Product Warranties—The Company’s warranty reserve is to cover the products sold. The warranty accrual is based on historical claims information. The warranty reserve is reviewed and adjusted as necessary on a quarterly basis and is presented within Note 8.

Advertising costs—Advertising costs are charged to operations in the year incurred and totaled $0.9 million, $0.9 million and $1.0 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Research and Development—Although not technically defined as research and development, a significant amount of time, effort and expense is devoted to (a) custom engineering which qualifies products for specific customer applications, (b) developing proprietary process technology and (c) partnering with customers to develop new products.

Income taxes— On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the U.S. tax code. Changes affecting the Company’s consolidated 2017 financial statements include, but are not limited to, a U.S federal corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and a one-time transition tax, payable over eight years, on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017. Several other provisions of the Tax Act take effect beginning with the Company’s 2018 consolidated financial statements.

On December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act. In accordance with SAB 118, the Company has recognized provisional amounts related to the tax effects of the Tax Act for which the company was able to make reasonable estimates. We have not completed our accounting for the income tax effect of all elements of the Tax Act. For the provisions of the Tax Act for which the Company was unable to determine a provisional amount, the Company has continued to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act.

Tax effects of the Tax Act will be recognized or adjusted as additional implementation guidance is released and analyses are finalized, but no later than the end of the measurement period prescribed by SAB 118, which is one year from the enactment date of the Tax Act.

Income taxes are determined using the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes”. Under ASC Topic 740, tax expense includes U.S. and international income taxes. Until the December 22, 2017 enactment of the Tax Act, tax expense also included the provision for U.S. taxes on undistributed earnings of international subsidiaries not deemed to be indefinitely reinvested. The Company’s 2017 results include a one-time “transition tax” on the deemed repatriation of previously undistributed foreign earnings. For distributions of such earnings after December 31, 2017, no U.S. taxes will be imposed. However, certain foreign jurisdictions may still apply withholding taxes to such distributions; certain states may also impose income taxes on such distributions.

Tax credits and other incentives reduce tax expense in the year the credits are claimed. Deferred income taxes are provided using the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases, and are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. As of December 31, 2017, ending deferred tax assets and liabilities have been provisionally revalued to reflect the estimated effect of the change in the U.S. federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%.

In addition, from time to time, management must assess the need to accrue or disclose uncertain tax positions for proposed potential adjustments from various federal, state and foreign tax authorities who regularly audit the Company in the normal course of business. In making these assessments, management must often analyze complex tax laws of multiple jurisdictions, including many foreign jurisdictions. The accounting guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company records the related interest expense and penalties, if any, as tax expense in the tax provision.

Another change brought about by the Tax Act is a provision designed to currently tax global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”). Although the provision is one of the many that will take effect for the Company’s 2018 consolidated financial statements, an accounting policy election with respect to GILTI could have an impact on deferred tax balances as of December 31, 2017. The company may either elect to record the U.S. income tax effect of future GILTI inclusions in the period in which they arise or establish deferred taxes with respect to the expected future tax liabilities associated with future GILTI inclusions. The Company has not yet made a policy election and no provisional amounts for the GILTI provisions were recorded as of December 31, 2017.

The Company has not historically recorded deferred income taxes on the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries because of management’s intent to indefinitely reinvest such earnings. Management intends to continue to indefinitely reinvest such earnings, but the provisions of the Tax Act could cause management to reevaluate this position.

Earnings per share—The computational components of basic and diluted earnings per share for 2017, 2016 and 2015 are below.

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Numerator (Loss)			Denominator (Shares)		Per Share Amount
Basic net loss and loss per share	$	(3,029	)		34,445	$	(0.09	)
Effect of dilutive securities:
Common stock equivalents arising from stock options, restricted stock awards, and employee stock purchase plan		—			—		—
Diluted net loss and loss per share	$	(3,029	)		34,445	$	(0.09	)

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
	Numerator (Loss)			Denominator (Shares)		Per Share Amount
Basic net loss and loss per share	$	(38,218	)		33,980	$	(1.12	)
Effect of dilutive securities:
Common stock equivalents arising from stock options, restricted stock awards, and employee stock purchase plan		—			—		—
Diluted net loss and loss per share	$	(38,218	)		33,980	$	(1.12	)

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2015
	Numerator (Loss)			Denominator (Shares)		Per Share Amount
Basic net loss and loss per share	$	(5,602	)		28,792	$	(0.19	)
Effect of dilutive securities:
Common stock equivalents arising from stock options, restricted stock awards, and employee stock purchase plan		—			—		—
Diluted net loss and loss per share	$	(5,602	)		28,792	$	(0.19	)

Options and warrants included in the computation of diluted earnings per share are so included on the treasury stock method. For the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, outstanding options and warrants and unvested restricted stock units of 0.7 million, 1.6 million and 1.5 million, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share due to their having an anti-dilutive effect.

Once a restricted stock award vests, it is included in the computation of weighted average shares outstanding for purposes of basic and diluted earnings per share.

Foreign Currency Translation—The functional currencies of the Company’s subsidiaries in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Brazil, Canada, China, Mexico, Chile, and India are the Euro, Pound, Real, Canadian Dollar, Renminbi, Peso, Chilean Peso, and Rupee, respectively, and their books and records are maintained in the local currency. Translation adjustments, which are based upon the exchange rate at the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and weighted-average rate for the Consolidated Statements of Operations, are recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss in Shareholders’ equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Transaction gain/(loss) of $0.1 million, $0.7 million and $(1.7) million were recognized by the Company in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The transaction gain/(loss) is recorded on the “Other income (expense), net” line of the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

New Financial Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Adopted in Fiscal 2017

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 of the former goodwill impairment test along with amending other parts of the goodwill impairment test. Under this ASU, an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, and should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value with the loss not exceeding the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods therein with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company has adopted ASU 2017-04 effective as of January 1, 2017. The provisions of ASU 2017-04 did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which changes the accounting for certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. The new guidance requires, among its other provisions, that excess tax benefits (which represent the excess of actual tax benefits received at the date of vesting or settlement over the benefits recognized over the vesting period or upon issuance of share-based payments) and tax deficiencies (which represent the amount by which actual tax benefits received at the date of vesting or settlement is lower than the benefits recognized over the vesting period or upon issuance of share-based payments) be recorded in the income statement as an increase or decrease in income taxes when the awards vest or are settled. This is in comparison to the prior requirement that these excess tax benefits be recognized in additional paid-in capital and these tax deficiencies be recognized either as an offset to accumulated excess tax benefits, if any, or in the income statement. The new guidance also requires excess tax benefits to be classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows rather than, as previously required, a financing activity. The new guidance allows companies to elect a change to an accounting policy to account for forfeitures as they occur. The new guidance is effective for the first quarter of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, with early adoption permitted.

We have adopted ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2017 on a prospective basis where permitted by the new standard. As a result of this adoption:

• We recognized discrete tax benefits of $0.4 million in the income tax expense line item of our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 related to excess tax benefits upon vesting or settlement in that period.

• We elected to adopt the cash flow presentation of the excess tax benefits prospectively, commencing with our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2017, where these benefits are classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity.

• We have elected to change our accounting policy to account for forfeitures as they occur. This change was applied on a modified retrospective basis with a cumulative effect adjustment to reduce retained earnings by $0.1 million as of January 1, 2017.

• We excluded the excess tax benefits from the assumed proceeds available to repurchase shares in the computation of our diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2017.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-05, “Derivatives and Hedging: Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships.” ASU 2016-05 amends Topic 815 to clarify that novation of a derivative (replacing one of the parties to a derivative instrument with a new party) designated as the hedging instrument would not, in and of itself, be considered a termination of the derivative instrument or a change in critical terms requiring discontinuation of the designated hedging relationship. ASU 2016-05 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company has adopted ASU 2016-05 on a prospective basis. The provisions of ASU 2016-05 had no effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, “Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory.” ASU 2015-11 requires inventory within the scope of the ASU (i.e., first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) or average cost) to be measured using the lower of cost and net realizable value. Inventory excluded from the scope of the ASU (i.e., last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) or the retail inventory method) will continue to be measured at the lower of cost or market. The ASU also amends some of the other guidance in Topic 330, “Inventory,” to more clearly articulate the requirements for the measurement and disclosure of inventory. ASU 2015-11 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company has adopted ASU 2015-11 on a prospective basis. The provisions of ASU 2015-11 did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Accounting Standards Yet to be Adopted

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.” ASU 2017-12 expands an entity’s ability to apply hedge accounting for nonfinancial and financial risk components and allow for a simplified approach for fair value hedging of interest rate risk. ASU 2017-12 eliminates the need to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item. Additionally, ASU 2017-12 simplifies the hedge documentation and effectiveness assessment under the previous guidance. The guidance is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt the standard on January 1, 2019. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting.” ASU 2017-09 clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as a modification. The new guidance will reduce diversity in practice and result in fewer changes to the terms of an award being accounted for as a modification. Under ASU 2017-09, an entity will not apply modification accounting to a share-based payment award if the award’s fair value, vesting conditions and classification as an equity or liability instrument are the same immediately before and after the change. ASU 2017-09 will be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The guidance is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt the standard on January 1, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” Under existing GAAP, an entity is required to present all components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost aggregated as a net amount in the income statement, and this net amount may be capitalized as part of an asset where appropriate. ASU 2017-07 requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period, and requires the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented. Additionally, only the service cost component is eligible for capitalization, when applicable. The amendments in ASU 2017-07 shall be applied retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the income statement and prospectively, on and after the effective date, for the capitalization of the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit in assets. ASU 2017-07 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt this standard on January 1, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The adoption of ASU 2017-01 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. The amendments should be applied prospectively on or after the effective dates. We plan to adopt the standard on January 1, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.” ASU 2016-18 will require a change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that year. The Company plans to adopt the provisions of this standard on January 1, 2018, and will begin presenting segregated cash and restricted cash activity on the consolidated statements of cash flows using a retrospective transition method for each period presented.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” ASU 2016-15 provides guidance on how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. ASU 2016-15 will require adoption on a retrospective basis, unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case we would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. We plan to adopt this standard on January 1, 2018. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-15 on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases.” ASU 2016-02 establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. For public companies, this guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We currently expect to adopt ASU 2016-02 as of January 1, 2019, under the modified prospective method. Our evaluation of ASU 2016-02 is ongoing and not complete. The Company believes that the new standard will have a material impact on its consolidated balance sheet due to the recognition of ROU assets and liabilities for the Company’s operating leases but it will not have a material impact on its income statement or liquidity. The ASU also will require disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements, providing additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. Our leasing activity is primarily related to buildings and we have various sale-leaseback transactions. The Company is continuing to evaluate potential impacts to our financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue From Contracts With Customers.” ASU 2014-09 supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition principles under GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration an entity expects to be entitled to for those goods or services using a defined five-step process. More judgment and estimates may be required to achieve this principle than under existing GAAP. In 2016, the FASB issued accounting standards updates to address implementation issues and to clarify the guidance for identifying performance obligations, licenses and determining if a company is the principal or agent in a revenue arrangement. ASU 2014-09 and its clarifying amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients or (ii) a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect upon initial adoption recognized at the date of adoption, which includes additional footnote disclosures.

We adopted ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018, under the modified retrospective method where the cumulative effect is recognized through retained earnings as of the date of adoption. Historically, we have recognized revenue related to contracts predominantly under the percentage of completion method of accounting for revenue recognition. Given our diverse customer base and product lines, there are varying fact patterns that must be evaluated within each of our contracts to determine the appropriate pattern of revenue recognition upon the adoption of ASU 2014-09. Certain contract arrangements that were historically recognized over time under our previous policies will now be recognized at a point in time upon completion of the contracts under the new standard. However, based on the Company’s evaluation of existing contracts that were not substantially complete as of January 1, 2018, the Company has estimated that the cumulative adjustment to beginning retained earnings will not be material. Additionally, the Company’s future disclosures will be expanded to comply with the standard.