13.	Income Taxes

(Loss) income before income taxes was generated in the United States and globally as follows:

(Table only in thousands)	2015			2014		2013
Domestic	$	997		$	14,638	$	5,442
Foreign		(4,093	)		1,576		1,013
	$	(3,096	)	$	16,214	$	6,455

The Company has not recorded deferred income taxes on the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries because of management’s intent to indefinitely reinvest such earnings. At December 31, 2015, the aggregate undistributed earnings of the foreign subsidiaries amounted to $40.2 million. If the Company were to distribute these earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company would be subject to U.S. income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. The unrecognized deferred income tax liability on this temporary difference is estimated to be approximately $6.2 million at December 31, 2015.

Income tax provision (benefit) consisted of the following for the years ended December 31:

(Table only in thousands)	2015			2014			2013
Current:
Federal	$	3,429		$	4,672		$	(1,660	)
State		753			947			(191	)
Foreign		1,944			1,624			623
		6,126			7,243			(1,228	)
Deferred:
Federal		(3,012	)		(3,033	)		1,000
State		(563	)		(367	)		178
Foreign		87			(706	)		(52	)
		(3,488	)		(4,106	)		1,126
	$	2,638		$	3,137		$	(102	)

The income tax provision differs from the statutory rate due to the following:

(Table only in thousands)	2015			2014			2013
Tax (benefit) expense at statutory rate	$	(1,083	)	$	5,675		$	2,194
Increase (decrease) in tax resulting from:
State income tax, net of federal benefit		34			416			311
Domestic Production Activities deduction		(211	)		(670	)		(295	)
Change in uncertain tax position reserves		(1,281	)		388			599
Permanent differences		1,162			58			510
Impact of rate differences and adjustments		(1,489	)		296			(295	)
Current and prior years R&D tax credits		(883	)		(3,026	)		(3,649	)
Non-deductible transaction costs		1,356			—			411
Earnout expenses		3,928			—			—
Change in valuation allowance		483			—			—
Audit settlements		65			—			—
Provision-to-return adjustments		808			—			—
Other		(251	)		—			112
	$	2,638		$	3,137		$	(102	)

Deferred income taxes reflect the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes and tax credit carry forwards. The net deferred tax liabilities consisted of the following at December 31:

(Table only in thousands)	2015			2014
Gross deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses	$	1,175		$	66
Reserves on assets		2,949			872
Share-based compensation awards		1,057			735
Minimum pension / post retirement		4,118			3,913
Net operating loss carry-forwards		8,473			206
Tax credit carry-forwards		1,626			—
Valuation allowances		(1,500	)		(87	)
		17,898			5,705
Gross deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation		(3,658	)		(2,104	)
Goodwill and intangibles		(30,133	)		(21,197	)
Prepaid expenses and inventory		(192	)		(1,526	)
Revenue recognition		(1,634	)		(739	)
		(35,617	)		(25,566	)
Net deferred liabilities	$	(17,719	)	$	(19,861	)

Reconciliation to amounts reported in the balance sheet follows:

	2015			2014
Net current deferred tax assets included in other current assets	$	—		$	1,066
Net non-current deferred tax assets		—			3,003
Net current deferred tax liabilities included in accounts payable and accrued expenses		—			(1,739	)
Net non-current deferred tax liabilities		(17,719	)		(22,191	)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(17,719	)	$	(19,861	)

As of December 31, 2015, the Company has federal net operating loss carry forwards of $19.9 million, and state and local net operating loss carry forwards of $14.8 million, which expire from 2018 to 2032. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance on certain of these net operating loss carry forwards to reflect expected realization. The Company also has net operating loss carry forwards in international jurisdictions totaling $5.7 million. A full valuation allowance has been established against substantially all of these losses. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company has recorded a valuation reserve in the amount of $1.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The changes in the valuation allowance resulted in additional income tax expense of $0.6 million, $0.1 million, and $8,000 in 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities (including the impact of available carryback and carry forward periods), projected future taxable income, and tax-planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on this assessment, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of the existing valuation allowances at December 31, 2015. The amount of the deferred tax assets considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 740. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The reserve for uncertain tax positions is not expected to change significantly in the next twelve months. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of uncertain tax position reserves included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows:

(Table only in thousands)	2015			2014
Balance as of January 1,	$	1,166		$	763
Additions for tax positions current year		—			188
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years		50			266
Additions for tax positions of acquired company		1,139			—
Reductions for settlements on tax positions of acquired company		(165	)		—
Reductions for settlements on tax positions of prior years		(1,166	)		(51	)
Balance as of December 31,	$	1,024		$	1,166

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. During 2015, 2014, and 2013, there was no such expense for interest and penalties. The favorable settlement of all uncertain tax positions would impact the Company’s effective income tax rate. Tax years going back to 2014 remain open for examination by Federal authorities, and back to 2010 remain open for all significant state and foreign authorities.