RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER RELATED CHARGES

Our restructuring and other related charges, net for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are summarized by segment as follows (in thousands):



	Twelve Months Ended December 31,
	2018		2017			2016
OneTEAM Program
Severance and related costs
IHT	$	2,995	$	—		$	—
MS	2,514		—			—
Quest Integrity	418		—			—
Corporate and shared support services	800		—			—
Subtotal	6,727		—			—

2017 Cost Savings Initiative
Severance and related costs
IHT	—		966			—
MS	—		1,622			—
Quest Integrity	—		428			—
Corporate and shared support services	—		864			—
Subtotal	—		3,880			—

Furmanite Belgium and Netherlands Exit
Severance and related costs (credits)
MS	—		(173		)	4,862
Disposal (gain)/impairment loss
MS	—		(1,056		)	651
Subtotal	—		(1,229		)	5,513
Grand total	$	6,727	$	2,651		$	5,513

OneTEAM Program. In the fourth quarter of 2017, we engaged outside consultants to assess all aspects of our business for improvement and cost saving opportunities. In the first quarter of 2018, we completed the design phase of the project, known as OneTEAM, and entered in the deployment phase starting in the second quarter of 2018. As part of the OneTEAM Program, we have decided to eliminate certain employee positions. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, we have incurred severance charges of $6.7 million, which is also the amount we have incurred cumulatively to date. As the OneTEAM Program continues, we expect some additional employee positions may be identified and impacted, resulting in additional severance costs. We expect that the OneTEAM Program will be largely completed in the first half of 2019.

A rollforward of our accrued severance liability associated with this program is presented below (in thousands):



	Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2018
Balance, beginning of period	$	—
Charges	6,727
Payments	(4,444		)
Balance, end of period	$	2,283

2017 Cost Savings Initiative. On July 24, 2017, we announced our commitment to a cost savings initiative to take direct actions to reduce our overall cost structure due to a continuation of weak market conditions. This initiative was completed in the latter part of 2017. No costs or expenses were recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for this initiative during the twelve months ended December 31, 2018. The resulting severance and related charges of this initiative, which were generally recorded in the third and fourth quarters of 2017, amounted to $3.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. This is also the amount we have incurred cumulatively to date. Most of these expenses were paid in cash in 2017.

Furmanite Belgium and Netherlands Exit. Due to continued economic softness and unfavorable costs structures, we committed to a plan to exit the acquired Furmanite operations in Belgium and the Netherlands in the fourth quarter of 2016 and communicated the plan to the affected employees. The closures are now complete. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded a reduction to severance costs of $0.2 million and a disposal gain of $1.1 million. The disposal gain resulted from an asset sale of the Furmanite operations in Belgium, which was completed during the first quarter of 2017, whereby we conveyed the business operations, $0.3 million of cash and approximately $0.2 million of other assets to the purchaser in exchange for the assumption by the purchaser of certain liabilities, primarily severance-related liabilities of $1.6 million associated with the employees who transferred to the purchaser in connection with the transaction.

A rollforward of our accrued severance liability associated with the Belgium and Netherlands exit is presented below (in thousands):



	Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	4,846
Charges (credits), net	(173		)
Payments	(3,144		)
Disposal	(1,601		)
Foreign currency adjustments	72
Balance, end of period	$	—

With respect to these exit activities, to date we have incurred cumulatively $4.7 million of severance-related costs and an impairment loss on property, plant and equipment of $0.7 million, partially offset by a disposal gain of $1.1 million.