Fair value represents the amount expected to be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in its principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In accordance with fair value accounting guidance, Peoples measures, records and reports various types of assets and liabilities at fair value on either a recurring or a non-recurring basis in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Those assets and liabilities are presented below in the sections entitled "Assets and Liabilities Required to be Measured and Reported at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis" and "Assets and Liabilities Required to be Measured and Reported at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis."

Depending on the nature of the asset or liability, Peoples uses various valuation methodologies and assumptions to estimate fair value. The measurement of fair value under US GAAP uses a hierarchy, which is described in "Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies."

Assets and liabilities are assigned to a level within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level of significant input used to measure fair value. Assets and liabilities may change levels within the fair value hierarchy due to market conditions or other circumstances. Those transfers are recognized on the date of the event that prompted the transfer. There were no transfers of assets or liabilities required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the periods presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements.


	Recurring Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date
	December 31, 2019										December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Available-for-sale investment securities:
Obligations of:

U.S. government sponsored agencies	$	—	$	8,209	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
States and political subdivisions	—		114,104		—		—		88,587		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—		791,009		—		—		692,608		—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—		18,088		—		—		6,707		—
Bank-issued trust preferred securities	—		4,691		—		—		3,989		—

Total available-for-sale securities	—		936,101		—		—		791,891		—






Equity investment securities (a)	123		198		—		94		183		—

Derivative assets (b)	—		11,419		—		—		4,544		—
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities (c)	$	—	$	15,116	$	—	$	—	$	3,562	$	—

Available-for-Sale Investment Securities: The fair values used by Peoples are obtained from an independent pricing service and represent either quoted market prices for the identical securities (Level 1) or fair values determined by pricing models using a market approach that considers observable market data, such as interest rate volatility, LIBOR yield curves, credit spreads and prices from market makers and live trading systems (Level 2). Management reviews the valuation methodology and quality controls utilized by the pricing services in management's overall assessment of the reasonableness of the fair values provided, and challenges prices when management believes a material discrepancy in pricing exists.

Derivative Assets and Liabilities: Derivative assets and liabilities are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value within other assets, and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively. The fair value for derivative financial instruments is determined based on market prices, broker-dealer quotations on similar products, or other related input parameters (Level 2).

Impaired Loans: Impaired loans are measured and reported at fair value when the amounts to be received are less than the carrying value of the loans. One of the allowable methods for determining the amount of impairment is estimating fair value using the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans. Management’s determination of the fair value for these loans uses a market approach representing the estimated net proceeds to be received from the sale of the collateral based on observable market prices or the market value provided by independent, licensed or certified appraisers (Level 3), less estimated selling costs. At December 31, 2019, impaired loans with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $38.6 million were measured and reported at a fair value of $29.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2019, Peoples recognized an increase of $1.6 million in the specific reserve on impaired loans, through the allowance for loan losses.

Other Real Estate Owned: OREO, included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, is comprised primarily of commercial and residential real estate properties acquired by Peoples in satisfaction of a loan. OREO obtained in satisfaction of a loan is recorded at the lower of cost or estimated fair value, less estimated costs to sell the property. The carrying value of OREO is not re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis, but is based on recent real estate appraisals and is updated at least annually. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales approach and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available (Level 3).


	Fair Value Measurements of Other Financial Instruments
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	December 31, 2019							December 31, 2018
						Carrying Amount	Fair Value				Carrying Amount	Fair Value

Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	1	$	115,193	$	115,193		$	77,612	$	77,612
Held-to-maturity investment securities:
Obligations of:
States and political subdivisions	2	4,346		4,791			4,403		4,896
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2	21,494		21,569			29,044		28,603
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	2	5,907		6,181			3,514		3,464
Total held-to-maturity securities		31,747		32,541			36,961		36,963
Other investment securities:
FHLB stock	2	27,235		27,235			29,367		29,367
FRB stock	2	13,310		13,310			12,294		12,294
Nonqualified deferred compensation	2	1,499		1,499			987		987
Other investment securities	2	365		365			60		60
Other investment securities (a)		42,409		42,409			42,708		42,708
Net loans	3	2,851,969		3,147,190			2,708,583		2,907,537
Loans held for sale	2	6,499		6,553			5,470		5,492
Bank owned life insurance	3	69,722		69,722			68,934		68,934
Servicing rights (b)	3	2,742		3,881			2,655		4,568
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	2	$	3,291,412	$	3,292,950		$	2,955,465	$	2,953,452
Short-term borrowings	2	316,977		317,973			356,198		349,994
Long-term borrowings	2	83,123		82,701			109,644		107,696

(a) Other investment securities, as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, also includes equity investment securities for 2019 and 2018, which are reported in the Assets and Liabilities Required to be Measured and Reported at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis table above.

For certain financial assets and liabilities, carrying value approximates fair value due to the nature of the financial instrument. These financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, demand and other non-fixed-maturity deposits, and overnight borrowings. Peoples used the following methods and assumptions in estimating the fair value of the following financial instruments:

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, balances due from other banks, interest-bearing deposits in other banks, federal funds sold and other short-term investments with original maturities of ninety days or less. The carrying amount for cash on hand and balances due from banks is a reasonable estimate of fair value (Level 1).

Held-to-Maturity Investment Securities: The fair values used by Peoples are obtained from an independent pricing service and represent fair values determined by pricing models using a market approach that considers observable market data, such as interest rate volatility, LIBOR yield curves, credit spreads and prices from market makers and live trading systems (Level 2). Management reviews the valuation methodology and quality controls utilized by the pricing services in management's overall assessment of the reasonableness of the fair values provided, and challenges prices when management believes a material discrepancy in pricing exists.

Net Loans: The fair value of portfolio loans assumes the sale of the notes to a third-party financial investor. Accordingly, this value is not necessarily the value to Peoples if the notes were held to maturity. Peoples considered interest rate, credit and market factors in estimating the fair value of loans (Level 3). Fair values for loans are estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology. The discount rates take into account interest rates currently being offered to customers for loans with similar terms, the credit risk associated with the loan and other market factors, including liquidity.

Loans Held for Sale: Loans originated and intended to be sold in the secondary market, generally one-to-four family residential loans, are carried, in aggregate, at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. The use of a valuation model using quoted prices of similar instruments are significant inputs in arriving at the fair value (Level 2).

Bank Owned Life Insurance: Peoples' bank owned life insurance policies are recorded at their cash surrender value (Level 3). Peoples recognizes tax-exempt income from the periodic increases in the cash surrender value of these policies and from death benefits.

Servicing Rights: The fair value of the servicing rights is determined by using a discounted cash flow model, which estimates the present value of the future net cash flows of the servicing portfolio based on various factors, such as servicing costs, expected prepayment speeds and discount rates (Level 3).

Certain financial assets and financial liabilities that are not required to be measured or reported at fair value can be subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). These financial assets and liabilities include the following: customer relationships, the deposit base, and other information required to compute Peoples’ aggregate fair value, which are not included in the above information. Accordingly, the above fair values are not intended to represent the aggregate fair value of Peoples.