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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

The accounting and reporting policies of Peoples Bancorp Inc. and Subsidiaries (“Peoples” refers to, Peoples Bancorp Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries collectively, except where the context indicates the reference relates solely to Peoples Bancorp Inc.) conform to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and to general practices within the banking industry. The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain items in prior financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation, which had no impact on net income, comprehensive income or loss, net cash provided by operating activities or stockholders' equity.
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the financial statements:
Consolidation: Peoples' Consolidated Financial Statements include subsidiaries in which Peoples has a controlling financial interest, principally defined as owning a voting interest greater than 50%. In addition, entities not controlled by voting interests or in which the equity investors do not bear the residual economic risks, but for which Peoples is the primary beneficiary are also consolidated.
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Peoples and its consolidated subsidiaries, Peoples Bank and Peoples Investment Company, along with their wholly-owned subsidiaries. Peoples previously formed a statutory business trust described in Note 10 that is a variable interest entity for which Peoples is not the primary beneficiary. As a result, the accounts of this trust are not included in Peoples' Consolidated Financial Statements. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, balances due from other banks, interest-bearing deposits in other banks, Federal Funds sold and other short-term investments with original maturities of ninety days or less. Included in interest-bearing deposits in other banks was $2.0 million and $1.5 million in funds at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, which were being used as collateral and not available for withdrawal.
Investment Securities: Investment securities are recorded initially at cost, which includes premiums and discounts if purchased at other than par or face value. Peoples amortizes premiums and accretes discounts as an adjustment to interest income on a level yield basis. The cost of investment securities sold, and any resulting gain or loss, is based on the specific identification method and recognized as of the trade date.
Management determines the appropriate classification of investment securities at the time of purchase. Held-to-maturity securities are those securities that Peoples has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and are recorded at amortized cost. Available-for-sale securities are those securities that would be available to be sold in the future in response to Peoples' liquidity needs, changes in market interest rates, and asset-liability management strategies, among other considerations. Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in stockholders' equity as a separate component of other comprehensive income or loss, net of applicable deferred income taxes.
Certain restricted equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values and for which Peoples does not exercise significant influence, are carried at cost. These cost method securities are reported as other investment securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and consist solely of shares of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati (the “FHLB”) and the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland (the "FRB").
Management systematically evaluates investment securities for other-than-temporary declines in fair value on a quarterly basis. This analysis requires management to consider various factors, which include (1) duration and magnitude of the decline in value, (2) the financial condition of the issuer or issuers and (3) structure of the security.

An impairment loss is recognized in earnings only when (1) Peoples intends to sell the debt security; (2) it is more likely than not that Peoples will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis or (3) Peoples does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. In situations where Peoples intends to sell or when it is more likely than not that Peoples will be required to sell the security, the entire impairment loss must be recognized in earnings. In all other situations, only the portion of the impairment loss representing the credit loss must be recognized in earnings, with the remaining portion being recognized in stockholders' equity as a component of accumulated comprehensive income, net of deferred taxes.
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase: Peoples enters into sales of securities under agreements to repurchase (“Repurchase Agreements”) with customers and other financial service companies, which are considered financings. As such, these obligations are recorded as a liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and disclosed in Notes 8 and 9. Securities pledged as collateral under Repurchase Agreements are included in investment securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are disclosed in Note 3. The fair value of the collateral pledged to a third party is continually monitored and additional collateral is pledged or returned, as deemed appropriate.
Loans: Loans originated that Peoples has the positive intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or to maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs and an allowance for loan losses. The foreseeable future is based upon current market conditions and business strategies, as well as balance sheet management and liquidity. As the conditions change, so may management's view of the foreseeable future. Net deferred loan costs were $1.1 million and $1.0 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
A loan is considered impaired when information and events indicate it is probable that collection of all contractual principal and interest payments is doubtful. Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature, primarily consumer and residential real estate loans, and on an individual loan basis for all loans to borrowers with an aggregate unpaid principal balances in excess of $500,000. Peoples places any loan deemed to be impaired on nonaccrual status and allocates a specific portion of the allowance for loan losses, if necessary, to reduce the net reported value of the loan to its estimated net realizable value. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible. Consumer and residential real estate loans typically are not placed on nonaccrual, and instead are charged down to the net realizable value.
Loans acquired in a business combination that have evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that Peoples will be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable are initially recorded at fair value (the present value of the amounts expected to be collected) with no valuation allowance. The difference between the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the investment in the loan is recognized as interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loan. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition are not recognized.
Over the life of these acquired loans, management continues to monitor each acquired loan portfolio for changes in credit quality. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to acquisition are recognized prospectively over their remaining life as a yield adjustment on the loans. Subsequent decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairment, with the amount of the expected loss included in management's evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses.
Loans Held-for-Sale: Loans originated and intended to be sold in the secondary market, generally one-to-four family residential loans, are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value determined on an aggregate basis. Gains and losses on sales of loans held for sale are included in mortgage banking income.
Loans originated with the intent to be held in our portfolio are subsequently transferred to held-for-sale when a decision is made to sell these loans. At the time of a loan's transfer to the held-for-sale classification, the loan is recorded at the lower of cost or its fair value. Any reduction in the loan's value is reflected as a write-down of the recorded investment resulting in a new cost basis, with a corresponding charge against the allowance for loan losses. If the fair value of a loan classified as held-for-sale in subsequent periods is less than its cost basis, the carrying value of the loan is adjusted accordingly, with the corresponding loss recognized in earnings.
Peoples enters into interest rate lock commitments with borrowers and best efforts commitments with investors on loans originated for sale into the secondary markets to manage the inherent interest rate and pricing risk associated with selling loans. The interest rate lock commitments generally terminate once the loan is funded, the lock period expires or the borrower decides not to contract for the loan. The best efforts commitments generally terminate once the loan is sold, the commitment period expires or the borrower decides not to contract for the loan. These commitments are considered derivatives which are generally accounted for by recognizing their estimated fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either a freestanding asset or liability. The valuation of such commitments does not consider expected cash flows related to the servicing of the future loan. Management has determined these derivatives do not have a material effect on Peoples' financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Allowance for Loan Losses: The allowance for loan losses is a valuation reserve allowance established through provisions for loan losses charged against income. The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level that management deems sufficient to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for loan losses, while recoveries of previously charged-off amounts are credited to the allowance for loan losses.
The allowance for loan losses is comprised of specific valuation allowances for loans evaluated individually for impairment and general allocations for pools of homogeneous loans with similar risk characteristics and trends. Peoples' homogenous loan pools include similarly risk-graded commercial and industrial loans, similarly risk-graded commercial real estate loans, real estate construction loans (both commercial and residential), residential real estate loans, consumer home equity loans and other consumers. Management's evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and the appropriate provision for loan losses is based upon a quarterly analysis of the portfolio. While portions of the allowance for loan losses may be allocated to specific loans; the entire allowance for loan losses is available for any loan management should be charged off.
The allowance for loan losses related to specific loans is based on management's estimate of potential losses on impaired loans as determined by (1) the present value of expected future cash flows; (2) the fair value of collateral if the loan is determined to be collateral dependent or (3) the loan's observable market price. The general allocations to specific loan pools are based on the historical loss rates for specific loan types and the internal risk grade, if applicable, adjusted for both internal and external qualitative risk factors. The calculation of historical loss ratios for pools of similar loans with similar characteristics is based upon the proportion of actual charge-offs experienced to the total population of loans in the pool. The historical loss ratios are periodically updated based on actual charge-off experience. The qualitative factors considered by management include, among other factors, (1) changes in local and national economic conditions; (2) changes in asset quality; (3) changes in loan portfolio volume; (4) the composition and concentrations of credit; (5) the impact of competition on loan structuring and pricing; (6) the impact of interest rate changes on portfolio risk and (7) effectiveness of Peoples' loan policies, procedures and internal controls. The total allowance established for each homogenous loan pool represents the product of the historical loss ratio and the total dollar amount of the loans in the pool.
Peoples categorizes loans involving commercial borrowers into risk categories based upon an established grading matrix. This system is used to manage the risk within its lending activities, evaluate changes in the overall credit quality of the loan portfolio and evaluate of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. Loan grades are assigned at the time a new loan or lending commitment is extended by Peoples and may be changed at any time when circumstances warrant. All loan relationships with aggregate outstanding debt to Peoples of $500,000 or more are reviewed at least annually, with adversely classified loans generally reviewed on a quarterly basis.
The primary factors considered when assigning a risk grade to a loan include (1) reliability and sustainability of the primary source of repayment; (2) past, present and projected financial condition of the borrower and (3) current economic and industry conditions. Other factors that could influence the risk grade assigned include the type and quality of collateral, ownership of borrower and strength of guarantors. The primary source of repayment for commercial real estate loans and commercial and industrial loans is normally the business's operating cash flow available to repay debt. Management's analysis of operating cash flow for commercial real estate loans secured by non-owner occupied properties takes into account factors such as rent rolls and vacancy statistics. Management's analysis of operating cash flow for commercial real estate loans secured by owner occupied properties and all commercial and industrial loans considers the profitability, liquidity and leverage of the business. The evaluation of construction loans is based largely on the borrower's ability to complete construction within the established budget.
The primary factors considered when classifying consumer loans include the loan's past due status and declaration of bankruptcy by the borrower(s). The classification of residential real estate and home equity lines of credit also takes into account the current value of the underlying collateral.
Bank Premises and Equipment: Bank premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets owned. Major improvements to leased facilities are capitalized and included in bank premises at cost less accumulated depreciation, which is calculated on the straight-line method over the lesser of the remaining term of the leased facility or the estimated economic life of the improvement.
Bank Owned Life Insurance: Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) represents life insurance on the lives of certain employees who have provided positive consent allowing Peoples Bank to be the beneficiary of such policies. These policies are recorded at their cash surrender value, or the amount that can be realized upon surrender of the policy. Income from these policies and changes in the cash surrender value are recorded in other income.
Investments in Affordable Housing Limited Partnerships: Investments in affordable housing consist of investments in limited partnerships that operate qualified affordable housing projects or that invest in other limited partnerships formed to operate affordable housing projects. These investments are considered variable interest entities for which Peoples is not the primary beneficiary. Peoples generally utilizes the effective yield method to account for these investments with the tax credits, net of the amortization of the investment, reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a reduction of income tax expense. The unamortized amount of the investments is recorded in other assets and totaled $1.4 million and $2.4 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Other Real Estate Owned: Other real estate owned (“OREO”), included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, is comprised primarily of commercial and residential real estate properties acquired by Peoples Bank in satisfaction of a loan. OREO obtained in satisfaction of a loan is recorded at the lower of cost or estimated fair value based on appraised value at the date actually or constructively received, less estimated costs to sell the property. Peoples had OREO totaling $2.2 million at December 31, 2011, and $4.5 million at December 31, 2010.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired in the business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually and updated quarterly if necessary. Based upon the most recently completed goodwill impairment test, Peoples concluded the recorded value of goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2011, based upon the estimated fair value of Peoples' single reporting unit.
Peoples' other intangible assets consist of customer relationship intangible assets, primarily core deposit intangibles, representing the present value of future net income to be earned from acquired customer relationships with definite useful lives. These intangible assets are amortized on an accelerated basis over their estimated lives ranging from 7 to 10 years.
Mortgage Servicing Rights: Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) represent the right to service loans sold to third party investors. MSRs are recognized separately as a servicing asset or liability whenever Peoples undertakes an obligation to service financial assets. MSRs are reported in other intangible assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Serviced loans are not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Loan servicing income included in mortgage banking income includes servicing fees received from the third party investors and certain charges collected from the borrowers.
Peoples initially records MSRs at fair value at the time of the sale of the loans to the third party investor. Peoples follows the amortization method for the subsequent measurement of each class of separately recognized servicing assets and liabilities. Under the amortization method, Peoples amortizes the value of servicing assets or liabilities in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income or net servicing loss and assesses servicing assets or liabilities for impairment or increased obligation based on fair value at each reporting date. The fair value of the mortgage servicing rights is determined by using a discounted cash flow model, which estimates the present value of the future net cash flows of the servicing portfolio based on various factors, such as servicing costs, expected prepayment speeds and discount rates.
Preferred Stock and Common Stock Warrant: As more fully described in Note 11, Peoples issued preferred stock and a common stock warrant, which are classified in stockholders' equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The preferred stock had similar characteristics of an “Increasing Rate Security” as described by Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5Q, Increasing Rate Preferred Stock. The proceeds received in conjunction with the issuance of the preferred stock and common stock warrant were allocated to the preferred stock and common stock warrant based on their relative fair values. Discounts on the increasing rate preferred stock are amortized over the expected life of the preferred stock (5 years), by charging imputed dividend cost against retained earnings and increasing the carrying amount of the preferred stock by a corresponding amount. The discount at the time of issuance is computed as the present value of the difference between dividends that will be payable in future periods and the dividend amount for a corresponding number of periods, discounted at a market rate for dividend yield on comparable securities. The amortization in each period is the amount which, together with the stated dividend in the period, results in a constant rate of effective cost with regard to the carrying amount of the preferred stock.

Common stock warrants are evaluated for liability or equity treatment. The common stock warrant outstanding is carried in stockholders' equity until exercised or expired based on the view of both the SEC and Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) that they would not object to classification of such warrants as permanent equity. This view is consistent with the objective of the Capital Purchase Program that equity in these securities should be considered part of equity for regulatory reporting purposes. The fair value of the common stock warrant used in allocating total proceeds received was determined based on a binomial model.
Trust Assets Under Management: Peoples Bank manages certain assets held in a fiduciary or agency capacity for customers. These assets under management, other than cash on deposit at Peoples Bank, are not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets since they are not assets of Peoples Bank.
Interest Income Recognition: Interest income on loans and investment securities is recognized by methods that result in level rates of return on principal amounts outstanding. Amortization of premiums has been deducted from, and accretion of discounts has been added to, the related interest income. Nonrefundable loan fees and direct loan costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the loan as an adjustment of the yield.
Peoples discontinues the accrual of interest on all loans, whether or not such loans are considered past due, when management believes it is probable the borrower will be unable to meet its payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest received on nonaccrual loans is included in income only if principal recovery is reasonably assured. A nonaccrual loan is restored to accrual status when it is brought current, has performed in accordance with contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the collectibility of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.
Other Income Recognition: Service charges on deposits include cost recovery fees associated with services provided, such as overdraft and non-sufficient funds. Trust and investment income consists of revenue from fiduciary activities, which include fees for services such as asset management, recordkeeping, retirement services and estate management, and investment commissions and fees related to the sale of investments. Income from these activities is recognized at the time the related services are performed.
Insurance income consists of commissions and fees from the sales of insurance policies and related insurance services. Insurance commission income is recognized as of the effective date of the insurance policy, net of adjustments, including policy cancellations. Such adjustments are recorded when the amount can be reasonably estimated, which is generally in the period in which they occur. Contingent performance-based commissions from insurance companies are recognized when received and no contingencies remain.
Income Taxes: Peoples and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are provided for temporary differences between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the Consolidated Financial Statements at the statutory Federal tax rate. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the expected amount most likely to be realized. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of a sufficient level of future taxable income and recoverable taxes paid in prior years. The components of other comprehensive income or loss included in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity have been computed based upon a 35% Federal tax rate.
A tax position is initially recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Penalties and interest incurred under the applicable tax law are classified as income tax expense. The amount of Peoples' uncertain income tax positions, unrecognized benefits and accrued interest were immaterial at both December 31, 2011 and 2010.
Advertising Costs: Advertising costs are generally expensed as incurred.
Earnings per Share: Basic and diluted earnings per common share (“EPS”) are calculated using the two-class method since Peoples has issued share-based payment awards considered participating securities because they entitle holders to non-forfeitable rights to dividends during the vesting term. The two class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines net income per share for each class of common stock and participating security according to dividends declared and particpation rights in undistributed earnings. Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net earnings allocated to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding.  Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing net earnings allocated to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding adjusted to include the effect of potentially dilutive common shares.  Potentially dilutive common shares include incremental common shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, SARs and non-vested restricted common shares using the treasury stock method.
Operating Segments: Peoples' business activities are currently confined to one reporting unit and reportable segment, which is community banking. As a community banking entity, Peoples offers its customers a full range of products through various delivery channels.
Stock-Based Compensation: Compensation costs for stock options, restricted stock awards and stock appreciation rights are measured at the fair value of these awards on their grant date. Compensation expense is recognized over the required service period, generally the vesting period for stock options and stock appreciation rights and the restriction period for restricted stock awards. For all awards, only the expense for the portion of the awards expected to vest is recognized. For service based awards, compensation expense for awards granted to employees who are eligible for retirement is recognized to the date the employee is first eligible to retire.
New Accounting Pronouncements: From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by FASB or other standard setting bodies that are adopted by Peoples as of the required effective dates. Unless otherwise discussed, management believes the impact of any recently issued standards, including those issued but not yet effective, will not have a material impact on Peoples financial statements taken as a whole.
In April 2011, the FASB issued an accounting update that clarifies when creditors should classify loan modifications as troubled debt restructurings. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after June 15, 2011, and applies retrospectively to restructurings occurring on or after the beginning of the year. The guidance on measuring the impairment of a receivable restructured in a troubled debt restructuring is effective on a prospective basis. The update supersedes the FASB's previous deferral of additional disclosures about troubled debt restructurings. For a loan restructuring to constitute a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR"), a creditor must conclude that the restructuring constitutes a concession and the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties. Peoples adopted this new guidance on July 1, 2011, as required. As a result of this adoption, commercial real estate loans with an aggregate recorded value of $3.0 million were deemed to be TDRs. These loans previously were considered impaired.
As described above in the Loans section, impaired loans are placed on nonaccrual status and are allocated a specific portion of the allowance for loan losses, if necessary, to reduce the net reported value of the loan to its estimated net realizable value. The net realizable value of the restructured loan is based upon a discounted cash flow analysis or the estimated value of the collateral that is securing the loan, if repayment of the loan is dependent upon the sale of the collateral. If a restructuring of a loan occurs subsequent to the loan being considered impaired, the restructuring will not have an impact on Peoples' financial statements as the loan will already be recorded at its net realizable value. If a loan is restructured prior to the loan being classified as impaired, the loan will be valued in the same manner as an impaired loan. Therefore, there will be an adjustment to the allowance for loan losses based upon the net realizable value of the restructured loan. All of the loans classified as TDRs under the new accounting were considered impaired prior to being restructured. Thus, the determination of these loans being TDRs had no impact on the recorded values of these loans or the related valuation allowance