Derivative instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2012

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative instruments

Derivative instruments

The Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate risks related to its business operations. To reduce our risks related to these exposures, we utilize or have utilized certain derivative instruments, including foreign currency forward, foreign currency option, cross-currency swap, forward interest rate and interest rate swap contracts. We do not use derivatives for speculative trading purposes.

Cash flow hedges

We are exposed to possible changes in the values of certain anticipated foreign currency cash flows resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, associated primarily with our euro-denominated international product sales. Increases and decreases in the cash flows associated with our international product sales due to movements in foreign currency exchange rates are offset partially by the corresponding increases and decreases in our international operating expenses resulting from these foreign currency exchange rate movements. To further reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on our international product sales, we enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts to hedge a portion of our projected international product sales primarily over a three-year time horizon, with, at any given point in time, a higher percentage of nearer-term projected product sales being hedged than in successive periods. As of September 30, 2012, and December 31, 2011, we had open foreign currency forward contracts with notional amounts of $3.0 billion and $3.5 billion, respectively, and open foreign currency option contracts with notional amounts of $261 million and $292 million, respectively. These foreign currency forward and option contracts, primarily euro based, have been designated as cash flow hedges, and accordingly, the effective portions of the unrealized gains and losses on these contracts are reported in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and reclassified to earnings in the same periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings.

To hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with certain of our long-term notes denominated in foreign currencies, we entered into cross-currency swap contracts. Under the terms of these contracts, we paid euros/pounds sterling and received U.S. dollars for the notional amounts at the inception of the contracts, and we exchange interest payments based on these notional amounts at fixed rates over the lives of the contracts in which we pay U.S. dollars and receive euros/pounds sterling. In addition, we will pay U.S. dollars to and receive euros/pounds sterling from the counterparties at the maturities of the contracts for these same notional amounts. The terms of these contracts correspond to the related hedged notes, effectively converting the interest payments and principal repayment on these notes from euros/pounds sterling to U.S. dollars. These cross-currency swap contracts have been designated as cash flow hedges, and accordingly, the effective portions of the unrealized gains and losses on these contracts are reported in AOCI and reclassified to earnings in the same periods during which the hedged debt affects earnings. The notional amounts and interest rates of our cross-currency swaps are as follows (notional amounts in millions):

	Foreign currency				U.S. dollars
Hedged notes	Notional Amount		Interest rate		Notional Amount		Interest rate
2.125% 2019 euro Notes	€	675	2.125	%	$	864	2.6	%
5.50% 2026 pound sterling Notes	£	475	5.50	%	$	748	5.8	%
4.00% 2029 pound sterling Notes	£	700	4.00	%	$	1,122	4.3	%

In connection with the anticipated issuance of long-term fixed-rate debt, we occasionally enter into forward interest rate contracts in order to hedge the variability in cash flows due to changes in the applicable Treasury rate between the time we enter into these contracts and the time the related debt is issued. Gains and losses on such contracts, which are designated as cash flow hedges, are reported in AOCI and amortized into earnings over the lives of the associated debt issuances.

The effective portion of the unrealized gain/(loss) recognized in other comprehensive income for our derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges was as follows (in millions):

	Three months ended					Nine months ended
	September 30,					September 30,
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	2012			2011		2012			2011
Foreign currency contracts	$	(127	)	$	105	$	(25	)	$	(113	)
Cross-currency swap contracts	38			—		11			—
Forward interest rate contracts	—			—		(7		)	—
Total	$	(89	)	$	105	$	(21	)	$	(113	)

The location in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and the effective portion of the gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into earnings for our derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges were as follows (in millions):

		Three months ended					Nine months ended
		September 30,					September 30,
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships	Statements of Income location	2012		2011			2012			2011
Foreign currency contracts	Product sales	$	38	$	(41	)	$	67		$	(82	)
Cross-currency swap contracts	Interest and other income, net	58		—			54			—
Forward interest rate contracts	Interest expense, net	—		(1		)	(1		)	(1		)
Total		$	96	$	(42	)	$	120		$	(83	)

No portions of our cash flow hedge contracts are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, and the ineffective portions of these hedging instruments were approximately $1 million of losses for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012. The ineffective portions of these hedging instruments were approximately $1 million of gains for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011. As of September 30, 2012, the amounts expected to be reclassified from AOCI into earnings over the next 12 months are approximately $3 million of net gains on our foreign currency and cross-currency swap contracts and approximately $1 million of losses on forward interest rate contracts.

Fair value hedges

To achieve a desired mix of fixed and floating interest rates on our long-term debt, we entered into interest rate swap contracts, which qualified and were designated as fair value hedges. The terms of these interest rate swap contracts corresponded to the related hedged debt instruments and effectively converted a fixed interest rate coupon to a floating LIBOR-based coupon over the lives of the respective notes. While outstanding, the rates on these swaps ranged from LIBOR plus 0.3% to LIBOR plus 2.6%. As of December 31, 2011, we had interest rate swap contracts with aggregate notional amounts of $3.6 billion with respect to our 4.85% 2014 Notes, 5.85% 2017 Notes, 6.15% 2018 Notes and 5.70% 2019 Notes. Due to historically low interest rates, during the three months ended June 30, 2012, we terminated all of these interest rate swap contracts resulting in the receipt of $397 million from the counterparties, which was included in Net cash provided by operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the current year period. This amount is being recognized in Interest expense, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income over the remaining lives of the related debt issuances.

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges, the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative resulting from the change in fair value during the period as well as the offsetting unrealized loss or gain of the hedged item resulting from the change in fair value during the period attributable to the hedged risk is recognized in current earnings. While the interest rate swaps were outstanding, for the nine months ended September 30, 2012, we included the unrealized losses on the hedged debt of $20 million in the same line item, Interest expense, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, as the offsetting unrealized gains of $20 million on the related interest rate swap contracts. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, we included the unrealized losses on the hedged debt of $149 million and $186 million, respectively, in the same line item, Interest expense, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, as the offsetting unrealized gains of $149 million and $186 million, respectively, on the related interest rate swap agreements.

Derivatives not designated as hedges

We enter into foreign currency forward contracts that are not designated as hedging transactions to reduce our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations of certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. These exposures are hedged on a month-to-month basis. As of September 30, 2012, and December 31, 2011, the total notional amounts of these foreign currency forward contracts were $743 million and $389 million, respectively.

The location in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and the amount of gain/(loss) recognized in earnings for our derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments were as follows (in millions):

		Three months ended				Nine months ended
		September 30,				September 30,
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Statements of Income location	2012		2011		2012		2011
Foreign currency contracts	Interest and other income, net	$	3	$	50	$	13	$	(10	)

The fair values of derivatives included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (in millions):

	Derivative assets			Derivative liabilities
September 30, 2012	Balance Sheet location	Fair value		Balance Sheet location	Fair value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cross-currency swap contracts	Other current assets/ Other noncurrent assets	$	12	Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities	$	27
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets/ Other noncurrent assets	82		Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities	54
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments		94			81
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets	5		Accrued liabilities	1
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments		5			1
Total derivatives		$	99		$	82

	Derivative assets			Derivative liabilities
December 31, 2011	Balance Sheet location	Fair value		Balance Sheet location	Fair value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swap contracts	Other current assets/ Other noncurrent assets	$	377	Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities	$	—
Cross-currency swap contracts	Other current assets/ Other noncurrent assets	—		Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities	26
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets/ Other noncurrent assets	172		Accrued liabilities/ Other noncurrent liabilities	48
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments		549			74
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other current assets	—		Accrued liabilities	—
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments		—			—
Total derivatives		$	549		$	74

Our derivative contracts that were in liability positions as of September 30, 2012, contain certain credit-risk-related contingent provisions that would be triggered if: (i) we were to undergo a change in control and (ii) our or the surviving entity’s creditworthiness deteriorates, which is generally defined as having either a credit rating that is below investment grade or a materially weaker creditworthiness after the change in control. If these events were to occur, the counterparties would have the right, but not the obligation, to close the contracts under early-termination provisions. In such circumstances, the counterparties could request immediate settlement of these contracts for amounts that approximate the then current fair values of the contracts.

The cash flow effects of our derivatives contracts for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, are included within Net cash provided by operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.