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Goodwill and other intangible assets
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and other intangible assets Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill
The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows (in millions):
Three months ended
March 31, 2024
Beginning balance$18,629 
Adjustments to goodwill resulting from acquisitions (1)
(49)
Currency translation adjustment(10)
Ending balance$18,570 
____________
(1)     For the three months ended March 31, 2024, adjustments to goodwill consisted of a measurement period adjustment related to our Horizon acquisition. See Note 2, Acquisitions.
Other intangible assets
Other intangible assets consisted of the following (in millions):
 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
 Gross
carrying
amounts		Accumulated
amortization		Other intangible
assets, net		Gross
carrying
amounts		Accumulated
amortization		Other intangible
assets, net
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Developed-product-technology rights$48,625 $(19,184)$29,441 $48,631 $(18,049)$30,582 
Licensing rights3,864 (3,297)567 3,865 (3,265)600 
Marketing-related rights1,203 (1,148)55 1,339 (1,264)75 
Research and development technology rights1,388 (1,229)159 1,394 (1,228)166 
Total finite-lived intangible assets55,080 (24,858)30,222 55,229 (23,806)31,423 
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
In-process research and development1,150 — 1,150 1,218 — 1,218 
Total other intangible assets$56,230 $(24,858)$31,372 $56,447 $(23,806)$32,641 
Developed-product-technology rights consists of rights related to marketed products. Licensing rights primarily consists of contractual rights to receive future milestone, royalty and profit-sharing payments; capitalized payments to third parties for milestones related to regulatory approvals to commercialize products; and upfront payments associated with royalty obligations for marketed products. Marketing-related rights primarily consists of rights related to the sale and distribution of marketed products. R&D technology rights pertains to technologies used in R&D that have alternative future uses.
IPR&D consists of R&D projects acquired in a business combination that are not complete at the time of acquisition due to remaining technological risks and/or lack of receipt of required regulatory approvals. We review IPR&D projects for impairment annually, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable and upon the establishment of technological feasibility or regulatory approval.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized amortization associated with our finite-lived intangible assets of $1.2 billion and $693 million, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets is primarily included in Cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. As of March 31, 2024, the total estimated amortization of our finite-lived intangible assets for the remaining nine months ending December 31, 2024, and the years ending December 31, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028 and 2029, are $3.6 billion, $4.5 billion, $3.9 billion, $3.9 billion, $2.9 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively.