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Goodwill and other intangible assets
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and other intangible assets Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill
The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows (in millions):
Nine months ended
September 30, 2022
Beginning balance$14,890 
Adjustments to goodwill resulting from acquisitions and divestitures, net(1)
6 
Currency translation adjustment(51)
Ending balance$14,845 
____________
(1)    Consists of adjustments to goodwill resulting from changes to the acquisition date fair values of net assets acquired in the acquisition of Teneobio and the nonstrategic Gensenta divestiture. See Note 2, Acquisitions and divestitures.
Other intangible assets
Other intangible assets consisted of the following (in millions):
 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
 Gross
carrying
amounts		Accumulated
amortization		Other intangible
assets, net		Gross
carrying
amounts		Accumulated
amortization		Other intangible
assets, net
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Developed-product-technology rights$25,504 $(14,396)$11,108 $25,561 $(12,769)$12,792 
Licensing rights3,864 (3,087)777 3,807 (2,973)834 
Marketing-related rights1,326 (1,146)180 1,354 (1,112)242 
Research and development technology rights1,334 (1,142)192 1,377 (1,133)244 
Total finite-lived intangible assets32,028 (19,771)12,257 32,099 (17,987)14,112 
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
In-process research and development1,009 — 1,009 1,070 — 1,070 
Total other intangible assets$33,037 $(19,771)$13,266 $33,169 $(17,987)$15,182 

Developed-product-technology rights consists of rights related to marketed products. Licensing rights primarily consists of contractual rights to receive future milestone, royalty and profit-sharing payments; capitalized payments to third parties for milestones related to regulatory approvals to commercialize products; and upfront payments associated with royalty obligations for marketed products. Marketing-related rights primarily consists of rights related to the sale and distribution of marketed products. R&D technology rights pertains to technologies used in R&D that have alternative future uses.
IPR&D consists of R&D projects acquired in a business combination that are not complete at the time of acquisition due to remaining technological risks and/or lack of receipt of required regulatory approvals. We review IPR&D projects for impairment annually, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable and upon the establishment of technological feasibility or regulatory approval.
During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized amortization associated with our finite-lived intangible assets of $628 million and $642 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized amortization associated with our finite-lived intangible assets of $1.9 billion in both periods. Amortization of intangible assets is primarily included in Cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The total estimated amortization for our finite-lived intangible assets for the remaining three months ending December 31, 2022, and the years ending December 31, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027, are $0.6 billion, $2.5 billion, $2.4 billion, $2.2 billion, $1.8 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively.